import b
b.spam("hello")
import b
b.spam('gumby')
#!/usr/bin/env python
import b
b.spam('sample')
import b
import sys
b.spam('alabala')
print(b.text_to_list('alabala'))
# print(sys.path)
# print(sys.modules.keys())
import b
import sys
b.spam('hello')
print(sys.path)
"""
In short modules provide as easy way to organize components into a system by serving as a self contained package of
variables known as namespaces.
Ultimately, Python's modules allow us to link individual files into a larger program system.
* Code reuse
* System namepace partitioning
"""
# Let's try to understand concept of imports and attributes with an example
# Let's say this is our top level script
# I am going to create a script/module b.py which we will import here
# look into the code of b.py to see what it has
import b
b.spam("imported") # Outputs : imported spam
# We can also can chain/ hierarchy of the modules to use import into one another
# Python itself has more than 200 modules, called the standard library, which can be used on any platform where you are
# trying to run python.
# HOW IMPORT WORKS
"""
* Much similar to the C programmers like to compare the Python module import operation to a C #include, but they
really shouldn't . In Python, imports are not just textual insertions of one file into another. They are really runtime
operations that perform three distinct steps the first time a program imports a given file.
* find module's file
* compile to bytecode
* Run the module's code
Note :
import sys
import b
print(sys.path)
b.spam('from a.py')
import b # a.py 파일
b.spam('gumby') # 'gumby spam'을 출력
# Любой файл может импортировать функциональные возможности из любого
# другого файла.
import b
b.spam('Hello')
# можно импортировать только нужные вам имена
from b import foo, bar
print(foo, bar)
foo = 4
# можно импортировать все имена модуля в область видимости
from b import *
spam('Hey Hey Hey')
# двойное импортирование
# a может использовать имена из b и с. однако обратное не верно:
# c не имеет доступа к b, а b к а.
b.c.printing('c?')
# доступ к именам модуля
print(b.__dict__.keys())
print(dir(b))
# from string import ascii_letters # ImportError: cannot import name ascii_letters
# при наличии файла string.py в папке с проектом он будет воспринят как
# модуль, и при импорте будет импортирован именно он
import sys
import b
b.spam('banana')
import sys
print(sys.path)
from b import spam
spam('more bananas')
from module1 import *
printer("Hello world")
from small import x, y
x = 42
y[0] = 42
print(x, y)
#This chapter is a bit heavy on the theory.
#I am unlikely to require knowledge beyond the basics in this area for the simple programs I write
x = 1
y = 2
import b
print x,
print b.x,
print b.c.x
b.x = 6
b.spam('call from a')
a_var = 1
### file: b.py
def spam(text):
print(text, 'spam')
### file: a.py
import b
b.spam('gumby')
# NOTE: described but not shown explicitly in the book:
C:\misc> a.py
gumby spam
### fileL: C:\Python30\pydirs.pth
c:\pycode\utilities
d:\pycode\package1
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', 'C:\\users', 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\python30.zip', 'c:\\Python30\\DLLs',
'c:\\Python30\\lib', 'c:\\Python30\\lib\\plat-win', 'c:\\Python30',
'C:\\Users\\Mark', 'c:\\Python30\\lib\\site-packages']
x = 1
y = 2
import b
print x,
print b.x,
print b.c.x
b.x = 6
b.spam('call from a')
a_var = 1
#coding=utf-8
'''
Created on 2018年9月26日
@author: Pan
'''
from functools import reduce
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
def myreduce(function, seq):
first = seq[0]
for next in seq[1:]:
first = function(first, next)
return first
print(myreduce(lambda x, y: x + y, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
print(myreduce(lambda x, y: x * y, (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
import operator, functools
x = functools.reduce(operator.add, (2, 3, 4))
print(x)
from b import spam
spam("a")