def test_numpy_functions_same_dimensions():
values = [np.array([1, 2]), np.ones((3, 3))]
units = [volt, second, siemens, mV, kHz]
# numpy functions
keep_dim_funcs = [
np.abs, np.cumsum, np.max, np.mean, np.min, np.negative, np.ptp,
np.round, np.squeeze, np.std, np.sum, np.transpose
]
for value, unit in itertools.product(values, units):
q_ar = value * unit
for func in keep_dim_funcs:
test_ar = func(q_ar)
if not get_dimensions(test_ar) is q_ar.dim:
raise AssertionError(
('%s failed on %s -- dim was %s, is now '
'%s') % (func.__name__, repr(q_ar), q_ar.dim,
get_dimensions(test_ar)))
# Python builtins should work on one-dimensional arrays
value = np.arange(5)
builtins = [abs, max, min, sum]
for unit in units:
q_ar = value * unit
for func in builtins:
test_ar = func(q_ar)
if not get_dimensions(test_ar) is q_ar.dim:
raise AssertionError(
('%s failed on %s -- dim was %s, is now '
'%s') % (func.__name__, repr(q_ar), q_ar.dim,
get_dimensions(test_ar)))
def assert_quantity(q, values, unit):
assert isinstance(q, Quantity) or (isinstance(q, np.ndarray)
and have_same_dimensions(unit, 1))
assert_equal(np.asarray(q), values)
assert have_same_dimensions(
q, unit), ('Dimension mismatch: (%s) (%s)' %
(get_dimensions(q), get_dimensions(unit)))
def test_numpy_functions_same_dimensions():
values = [np.array([1, 2]), np.ones((3, 3))]
units = [volt, second, siemens, mV, kHz]
# numpy functions
keep_dim_funcs = [np.abs, np.cumsum, np.max, np.mean, np.min, np.negative,
np.ptp, np.round, np.squeeze, np.std, np.sum,
np.transpose]
for value, unit in itertools.product(values, units):
q_ar = value * unit
for func in keep_dim_funcs:
test_ar = func(q_ar)
if not get_dimensions(test_ar) is q_ar.dim:
raise AssertionError(('%s failed on %s -- dim was %s, is now '
'%s') % (func.__name__, repr(q_ar),
q_ar.dim,
get_dimensions(test_ar)))
# Python builtins should work on one-dimensional arrays
value = np.arange(5)
builtins = [abs, max, min, sum]
for unit in units:
q_ar = value * unit
for func in builtins:
test_ar = func(q_ar)
if not get_dimensions(test_ar) is q_ar.dim:
raise AssertionError(('%s failed on %s -- dim was %s, is now '
'%s') % (func.__name__, repr(q_ar),
q_ar.dim,
get_dimensions(test_ar)))
def test_get_dimensions():
'''
Test various ways of getting/comparing the dimensions of a quantity.
'''
q = 500 * ms
assert get_dimensions(q) is get_or_create_dimension(q.dimensions._dims)
assert get_dimensions(q) is q.dimensions
assert q.has_same_dimensions(3 * second)
dims = q.dimensions
assert_equal(dims.get_dimension('time'), 1.)
assert_equal(dims.get_dimension('length'), 0)
assert get_dimensions(5) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(5.0) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.array(5, dtype=np.int)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.array(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.float32(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.float64(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert is_scalar_type(5)
assert is_scalar_type(5.0)
assert is_scalar_type(np.array(5, dtype=np.int))
assert is_scalar_type(np.array(5.0))
assert is_scalar_type(np.float32(5.0))
assert is_scalar_type(np.float64(5.0))
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
get_dimensions('a string')
# wrong number of indices
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
get_or_create_dimension([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
# not a sequence
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
get_or_create_dimension(42)
def assert_quantity(q, values, unit):
assert isinstance(q, Quantity) or (have_same_dimensions(unit, 1) and
(values.shape == () or
isinstance(q, np.ndarray))), q
assert_allclose(np.asarray(q), values)
assert have_same_dimensions(q, unit), ('Dimension mismatch: (%s) (%s)' %
(get_dimensions(q),
get_dimensions(unit)))
def assert_quantity(q, values, unit):
assert isinstance(
q, Quantity) or (have_same_dimensions(unit, 1) and
(values.shape == () or isinstance(q, np.ndarray))), q
assert_allclose(np.asarray(q), values)
assert have_same_dimensions(
q, unit), ('Dimension mismatch: (%s) (%s)' %
(get_dimensions(q), get_dimensions(unit)))
def test_get_dimensions():
'''
Test various ways of getting/comparing the dimensions of a quantity.
'''
q = 500 * ms
assert get_dimensions(q) is get_or_create_dimension(q.dimensions._dims)
assert get_dimensions(q) is q.dimensions
assert q.has_same_dimensions(3 * second)
dims = q.dimensions
assert_equal(dims.get_dimension('time'), 1.)
assert_equal(dims.get_dimension('length'), 0)
assert get_dimensions(5) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(5.0) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.array(5, dtype=np.int)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.array(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.float32(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert get_dimensions(np.float64(5.0)) is DIMENSIONLESS
assert is_scalar_type(5)
assert is_scalar_type(5.0)
assert is_scalar_type(np.array(5, dtype=np.int))
assert is_scalar_type(np.array(5.0))
assert is_scalar_type(np.float32(5.0))
assert is_scalar_type(np.float64(5.0))
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: get_dimensions('a string'))
# wrong number of indices
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: get_or_create_dimension([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]))
# not a sequence
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: get_or_create_dimension(42))
def test_parse_equations():
''' Test the parsing of equation strings '''
# A simple equation
eqs = parse_string_equations('dv/dt = -v / tau : 1')
assert len(eqs.keys()) == 1 and 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == DIMENSIONLESS
# A complex one
eqs = parse_string_equations('''dv/dt = -(v +
ge + # excitatory conductance
I # external current
)/ tau : volt
dge/dt = -ge / tau_ge : volt
I = sin(2 * pi * f * t) : volt
f : Hz (constant)
b : boolean
n : integer
''')
assert len(eqs.keys()) == 6
assert 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'ge' in eqs and eqs['ge'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'I' in eqs and eqs['I'].type == SUBEXPRESSION
assert 'f' in eqs and eqs['f'].type == PARAMETER
assert 'b' in eqs and eqs['b'].type == PARAMETER
assert 'n' in eqs and eqs['n'].type == PARAMETER
assert eqs['f'].var_type == FLOAT
assert eqs['b'].var_type == BOOLEAN
assert eqs['n'].var_type == INTEGER
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['ge'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['I'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['f'].unit) == Hz.dim
assert eqs['v'].flags == []
assert eqs['ge'].flags == []
assert eqs['I'].flags == []
assert eqs['f'].flags == ['constant']
duplicate_eqs = '''
dv/dt = -v / tau : 1
v = 2 * t : 1
'''
assert_raises(EquationError, lambda: parse_string_equations(duplicate_eqs))
parse_error_eqs = [
'''dv/d = -v / tau : 1
x = 2 * t : 1''',
'''dv/dt = -v / tau : 1 : volt
x = 2 * t : 1''',
''' dv/dt = -v / tau : 2 * volt''',
'dv/dt = v / second : boolean']
for error_eqs in parse_error_eqs:
assert_raises((ValueError, EquationError, TypeError),
lambda: parse_string_equations(error_eqs))
def test_parse_equations():
''' Test the parsing of equation strings '''
# A simple equation
eqs = parse_string_equations('dv/dt = -v / tau : 1')
assert len(eqs.keys()
) == 1 and 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == DIMENSIONLESS
# A complex one
eqs = parse_string_equations('''dv/dt = -(v +
ge + # excitatory conductance
I # external current
)/ tau : volt
dge/dt = -ge / tau_ge : volt
I = sin(2 * pi * f * t) : volt
f : Hz (constant)
b : boolean
n : integer
''')
assert len(eqs.keys()) == 6
assert 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'ge' in eqs and eqs['ge'].type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'I' in eqs and eqs['I'].type == SUBEXPRESSION
assert 'f' in eqs and eqs['f'].type == PARAMETER
assert 'b' in eqs and eqs['b'].type == PARAMETER
assert 'n' in eqs and eqs['n'].type == PARAMETER
assert eqs['f'].var_type == FLOAT
assert eqs['b'].var_type == BOOLEAN
assert eqs['n'].var_type == INTEGER
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['ge'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['I'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['f'].unit) == Hz.dim
assert eqs['v'].flags == []
assert eqs['ge'].flags == []
assert eqs['I'].flags == []
assert eqs['f'].flags == ['constant']
duplicate_eqs = '''
dv/dt = -v / tau : 1
v = 2 * t : 1
'''
assert_raises(EquationError, lambda: parse_string_equations(duplicate_eqs))
parse_error_eqs = [
'''dv/d = -v / tau : 1
x = 2 * t : 1''', '''dv/dt = -v / tau : 1 : volt
x = 2 * t : 1''', ''' dv/dt = -v / tau : 2 * volt''',
'dv/dt = v / second : boolean'
]
for error_eqs in parse_error_eqs:
assert_raises((ValueError, EquationError, TypeError),
lambda: parse_string_equations(error_eqs))
def wrapper_function(*args):
arg_units = list(self._function._arg_units)
if self._function.auto_vectorise:
arg_units += [DIMENSIONLESS]
if not len(args) == len(arg_units):
raise ValueError(('Function %s got %d arguments, '
'expected %d') % (self._function.pyfunc.__name__, len(args),
len(arg_units)))
new_args = []
for arg, arg_unit in zip(args, arg_units):
if arg_unit == bool or arg_unit is None or isinstance(arg_unit, str):
new_args.append(arg)
else:
new_args.append(Quantity.with_dimensions(arg,
get_dimensions(arg_unit)))
result = orig_func(*new_args)
if isinstance(self._function._return_unit, Callable):
return_unit = self._function._return_unit(*[get_dimensions(a)
for a in args])
else:
return_unit = self._function._return_unit
if return_unit == bool:
if not (isinstance(result, bool) or
np.asarray(result).dtype == bool):
raise TypeError('The function %s returned '
'%s, but it was expected '
'to return a boolean '
'value ' % (orig_func.__name__,
result))
elif (isinstance(return_unit, int) and return_unit == 1) or return_unit.dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result,
return_unit,
'The function %s returned '
'{value}, but it was expected '
'to return a dimensionless '
'quantity' % orig_func.__name__,
value=result)
else:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result,
return_unit,
('The function %s returned '
'{value}, but it was expected '
'to return a quantity with '
'units %r') % (orig_func.__name__,
return_unit),
value=result)
return np.asarray(result)
def wrapper_function(*args):
arg_units = list(self._function._arg_units)
if self._function.auto_vectorise:
arg_units += [DIMENSIONLESS]
if not len(args) == len(arg_units):
func_name = self._function.pyfunc.__name__
raise ValueError(
f"Function {func_name} got {len(args)} arguments, "
f"expected {len(arg_units)}.")
new_args = []
for arg, arg_unit in zip(args, arg_units):
if arg_unit == bool or arg_unit is None or isinstance(
arg_unit, str):
new_args.append(arg)
else:
new_args.append(
Quantity.with_dimensions(arg,
get_dimensions(arg_unit)))
result = orig_func(*new_args)
if isinstance(self._function._return_unit, Callable):
return_unit = self._function._return_unit(
*[get_dimensions(a) for a in args])
else:
return_unit = self._function._return_unit
if return_unit == bool:
if not (isinstance(result, bool)
or np.asarray(result).dtype == bool):
raise TypeError(
f"The function {orig_func.__name__} returned "
f"'{result}', but it was expected to return a "
f"boolean value ")
elif (isinstance(return_unit, int) and return_unit
== 1) or return_unit.dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(
result, return_unit,
f"The function '{orig_func.__name__}' "
f"returned {result}, but it was "
f"expected to return a dimensionless "
f"quantity.")
else:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(
result, return_unit,
f"The function '{orig_func.__name__}' "
f"returned {result}, but it was "
f"expected to return a quantity with "
f"units {return_unit!r}.")
return np.asarray(result)
def wrapper_function(*args):
if not len(args) == len(self._function._arg_units):
raise ValueError(('Function %s got %d arguments, '
'expected %d') % (self._function.pyfunc.__name__, len(args),
len(self._function._arg_units)))
new_args = [Quantity.with_dimensions(arg, get_dimensions(arg_unit))
for arg, arg_unit in zip(args, self._function._arg_units)]
result = orig_func(*new_args)
return_unit = self._function._return_unit
if return_unit is 1 or return_unit.dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result,
return_unit,
'The function %s returned '
'{value}, but it was expected '
'to return a dimensionless '
'quantity' % orig_func.__name__,
value=result)
else:
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result,
return_unit,
('The function %s returned '
'{value}, but it was expected '
'to return a quantity with '
'units %r') % (orig_func.__name__,
return_unit),
value=result)
return np.asarray(result)
def check_units(self, unit, variable_units):
'''
Check whether the dimensions of the expression match the expected
dimensions.
Parameters
----------
unit : `Unit` or 1
The expected unit (or 1 for dimensionless).
variable_units : dict
A dictionary mapping internal variable names to their units.
Notes
-----
The namespace has to be resolved using the
`~brian2.equations.codestrings.CodeString.resolve` method first.
Raises
------
DimensionMismatchError
If the expression uses inconsistent units or the resulting unit does
not match the expected `unit`.
'''
expr_dimensions = self.get_dimensions(variable_units)
expected_dimensions = get_dimensions(unit)
if not expr_dimensions == expected_dimensions:
raise DimensionMismatchError('Dimensions of expression does not '
'match its definition',
expr_dimensions, expected_dimensions)
def __init__(self,
type,
varname,
dimensions,
var_type=FLOAT,
expr=None,
flags=None):
self.type = type
self.varname = varname
self.dim = get_dimensions(dimensions)
self.var_type = var_type
if dimensions is not DIMENSIONLESS:
if var_type == BOOLEAN:
raise TypeError(
'Boolean variables are necessarily dimensionless.')
elif var_type == INTEGER:
raise TypeError(
'Integer variables are necessarily dimensionless.')
if type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION:
if var_type != FLOAT:
raise TypeError(
'Differential equations can only define floating point variables'
)
self.expr = expr
if flags is None:
self.flags = []
else:
self.flags = flags
# will be set later in the sort_subexpressions method of Equations
self.update_order = -1
def test_parse_equations():
''' Test the parsing of equation strings '''
# A simple equation
eqs = parse_string_equations('dv/dt = -v / tau : 1', {}, False, 0)
assert len(eqs.keys()) == 1 and 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].eq_type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == DIMENSIONLESS
# A complex one
eqs = parse_string_equations('''dv/dt = -(v +
ge + # excitatory conductance
I # external current
)/ tau : volt
dge/dt = -ge / tau_ge : volt
I = sin(2 * pi * f * t) : volt
f : Hz (constant)
''',
{}, False, 0)
assert len(eqs.keys()) == 4
assert 'v' in eqs and eqs['v'].eq_type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'ge' in eqs and eqs['ge'].eq_type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION
assert 'I' in eqs and eqs['I'].eq_type == STATIC_EQUATION
assert 'f' in eqs and eqs['f'].eq_type == PARAMETER
assert get_dimensions(eqs['v'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['ge'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['I'].unit) == volt.dim
assert get_dimensions(eqs['f'].unit) == Hz.dim
assert eqs['v'].flags == []
assert eqs['ge'].flags == []
assert eqs['I'].flags == []
assert eqs['f'].flags == ['constant']
duplicate_eqs = '''
dv/dt = -v / tau : 1
v = 2 * t : 1
'''
assert_raises(SyntaxError, lambda: parse_string_equations(duplicate_eqs,
{}, False, 0))
parse_error_eqs = [
'''dv/d = -v / tau : 1
x = 2 * t : 1''',
'''dv/dt = -v / tau : 1 : volt
x = 2 * t : 1''',
''' dv/dt = -v / tau : 2 * volt''']
for error_eqs in parse_error_eqs:
assert_raises((ValueError, SyntaxError), lambda: parse_string_equations(error_eqs,
{}, False, 0))
def wrapper_function(*args):
if not len(args) == len(self._function._arg_units):
raise ValueError(('Function %s got %d arguments, '
'expected %d') % (self._function.name, len(args),
len(self._function._arg_units)))
new_args = [Quantity.with_dimensions(arg, get_dimensions(arg_unit))
for arg, arg_unit in zip(args, self._function._arg_units)]
result = orig_func(*new_args)
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result, self._function._return_unit)
return np.asarray(result)
def __init__(self,
target,
target_var,
N,
rate,
weight,
when='synapses',
order=0):
if target_var not in target.variables:
raise KeyError('%s is not a variable of %s' %
(target_var, target.name))
self._weight = weight
self._target_var = target_var
if isinstance(weight, str):
weight = '(%s)' % weight
else:
weight_dims = get_dimensions(weight)
target_dims = target.variables[target_var].dim
# This will be checked automatically in the abstract code as well
# but doing an explicit check here allows for a clearer error
# message
if not have_same_dimensions(weight_dims, target_dims):
raise DimensionMismatchError(
('The provided weight does not '
'have the same unit as the '
'target variable "%s"') % target_var, weight_dims,
target_dims)
weight = repr(weight)
self._N = N
self._rate = rate
binomial_sampling = BinomialFunction(N,
rate * target.clock.dt,
name='poissoninput_binomial*')
code = '{targetvar} += {binomial}()*{weight}'.format(
targetvar=target_var,
binomial=binomial_sampling.name,
weight=weight)
self._stored_dt = target.dt_[:] # make a copy
# FIXME: we need an explicit reference here for on-the-fly subgroups
# For example: PoissonInput(group[:N], ...)
self._group = target
CodeRunner.__init__(self,
group=target,
template='stateupdate',
code=code,
user_code='',
when=when,
order=order,
name='poissoninput*',
clock=target.clock)
self.variables = Variables(self)
self.variables._add_variable(binomial_sampling.name, binomial_sampling)
def wrapper_function(*args):
if not len(args) == len(self._function._arg_units):
raise ValueError(
('Function %s got %d arguments, '
'expected %d') % (self._function.name, len(args),
len(self._function._arg_units)))
new_args = [
Quantity.with_dimensions(arg, get_dimensions(arg_unit))
for arg, arg_unit in zip(args, self._function._arg_units)
]
result = orig_func(*new_args)
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(result,
self._function._return_unit)
return np.asarray(result)
def __init__(self,
model,
input_var,
input,
output_var,
output,
dt,
n_samples=30,
method=None,
reset=None,
refractory=False,
threshold=None,
level=0,
param_init=None,
t_start=0 * second):
"""Initialize the fitter."""
super().__init__(dt, model, input, output, input_var, output_var,
n_samples, threshold, reset, refractory, method,
param_init)
self.output = Quantity(output)
self.output_ = array(output)
if output_var not in self.model.names:
raise NameError("%s is not a model variable" % output_var)
if output.shape != input.shape:
raise ValueError("Input and output must have the same size")
# Replace input variable by TimedArray
output_traces = TimedArray(output.transpose(), dt=dt)
output_dim = get_dimensions(output)
squared_output_dim = ('1' if output_dim is DIMENSIONLESS else repr(
output_dim**2))
error_eqs = Equations('total_error : {}'.format(squared_output_dim))
self.model = self.model + error_eqs
self.t_start = t_start
if param_init:
for param, val in param_init.items():
if not (param in self.model.identifiers
or param in self.model.names):
raise ValueError("%s is not a model variable or an "
"identifier in the model" % param)
self.param_init = param_init
self.simulator = None
def __init__(self, values, dt, name=None):
if name is None:
name = '_timedarray*'
Nameable.__init__(self, name)
dimensions = get_dimensions(values)
self.dim = dimensions
values = np.asarray(values, dtype=np.double)
self.values = values
dt = float(dt)
self.dt = dt
if values.ndim == 1:
self._init_1d()
elif values.ndim == 2:
self._init_2d()
else:
raise NotImplementedError(('Only 1d and 2d arrays are supported '
'for TimedArray'))
def __init__(self, values, dt, name=None):
if name is None:
name = '_timedarray*'
Nameable.__init__(self, name)
dimensions = get_dimensions(values)
self.dim = dimensions
values = np.asarray(values, dtype=np.double)
self.values = values
dt = float(dt)
self.dt = dt
if values.ndim == 1:
self._init_1d()
elif values.ndim == 2:
self._init_2d()
else:
raise NotImplementedError(('Only 1d and 2d arrays are supported '
'for TimedArray'))
def __init__(self, values, dt, name=None, tOffset=0 * second):
if name is None:
name = "_timedarray*"
Nameable.__init__(self, name)
dimensions = get_dimensions(values)
self.dim = dimensions
values = np.asarray(values, dtype=np.double)
self.values = values
dt = float(dt)
self.dt = dt
self.tOffset = tOffset
if values.ndim == 1:
self._init_1d()
elif values.ndim == 2:
self._init_2d()
else:
raise NotImplementedError(("Only 1d and 2d arrays are supported "
"for TimedArray"))
def __init__(self, target, target_var, N, rate, weight, when='synapses',
order=0):
if target_var not in target.variables:
raise KeyError('%s is not a variable of %s' % (target_var, target.name))
if isinstance(weight, basestring):
weight = '(%s)' % weight
else:
weight_dims = get_dimensions(weight)
target_dims = target.variables[target_var].dim
# This will be checked automatically in the abstract code as well
# but doing an explicit check here allows for a clearer error
# message
if not have_same_dimensions(weight_dims, target_dims):
raise DimensionMismatchError(('The provided weight does not '
'have the same unit as the '
'target variable "%s"') % target_var,
weight_dims,
target_dims)
weight = repr(weight)
self._N = N
self._rate = rate
binomial_sampling = BinomialFunction(N, rate*target.clock.dt,
name='poissoninput_binomial*')
code = '{targetvar} += {binomial}()*{weight}'.format(targetvar=target_var,
binomial=binomial_sampling.name,
weight=weight)
self._stored_dt = target.dt_[:] # make a copy
# FIXME: we need an explicit reference here for on-the-fly subgroups
# For example: PoissonInput(group[:N], ...)
self._group = target
CodeRunner.__init__(self,
group=target,
template='stateupdate',
code=code,
user_code='',
when=when,
order=order,
name='poissoninput*',
clock=target.clock
)
self.variables = Variables(self)
self.variables._add_variable(binomial_sampling.name, binomial_sampling)
def get_dimensions(self, variable_units):
'''
Return the dimensions of the expression by evaluating it in its
namespace, replacing all internal variables with their units.
Parameters
----------
variable_units : dict
A dictionary mapping variable names to their units.
Notes
-----
The namespace has to be resolved using the
`~brian2.equations.codestrings.CodeString.resolve` method first.
Raises
------
DimensionMismatchError
If the expression uses inconsistent units.
'''
return get_dimensions(self.eval(variable_units))
def _callback_wrapper(params, iter, resid, *args, **kwds):
error = mean(resid**2)
errors.append(error)
if self.use_units:
error_dim = self.output_dim**2 * get_dimensions(
normalization)**2
all_errors = Quantity(errors, dim=error_dim)
params = {
p: Quantity(val, dim=self.model[p].dim)
for p, val in params.items()
}
else:
all_errors = array(errors)
params = {p: float(val) for p, val in params.items()}
tested_parameters.append(params)
best_idx = argmin(errors)
best_error = all_errors[best_idx]
best_params = tested_parameters[best_idx]
return callback_func(params, all_errors, best_params, best_error,
iter)
def __init__(self, type, varname, dimensions, var_type=FLOAT, expr=None,
flags=None):
self.type = type
self.varname = varname
self.dim = get_dimensions(dimensions)
self.var_type = var_type
if dimensions is not DIMENSIONLESS:
if var_type == BOOLEAN:
raise TypeError('Boolean variables are necessarily dimensionless.')
elif var_type == INTEGER:
raise TypeError('Integer variables are necessarily dimensionless.')
if type == DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION:
if var_type != FLOAT:
raise TypeError('Differential equations can only define floating point variables')
self.expr = expr
if flags is None:
self.flags = []
else:
self.flags = flags
# will be set later in the sort_subexpressions method of Equations
self.update_order = -1
def parse_expression_unit(expr, variables):
'''
Returns the unit value of an expression, and checks its validity
Parameters
----------
expr : str
The expression to check.
variables : dict
Dictionary of all variables used in the `expr` (including `Constant`
objects for external variables)
Returns
-------
unit : Quantity
The output unit of the expression
Raises
------
SyntaxError
If the expression cannot be parsed, or if it uses ``a**b`` for ``b``
anything other than a constant number.
DimensionMismatchError
If any part of the expression is dimensionally inconsistent.
'''
# If we are working on a string, convert to the top level node
if isinstance(expr, basestring):
mod = ast.parse(expr, mode='eval')
expr = mod.body
if expr.__class__ is getattr(ast, 'NameConstant', None):
# new class for True, False, None in Python 3.4
value = expr.value
if value is True or value is False:
return Unit(1)
else:
raise ValueError('Do not know how to handle value %s' % value)
if expr.__class__ is ast.Name:
name = expr.id
# Raise an error if a function is called as if it were a variable
# (most of the time this happens for a TimedArray)
if name in variables and isinstance(variables[name], Function):
raise SyntaxError('%s was used like a variable/constant, but it is '
'a function.' % name)
if name in variables:
return variables[name].unit
elif name in ['True', 'False']:
return Unit(1)
else:
raise KeyError('Unknown identifier %s' % name)
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Num:
return get_unit_fast(1)
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BoolOp:
# check that the units are valid in each subexpression
for node in expr.values:
parse_expression_unit(node, variables)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return get_unit_fast(1)
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Compare:
# check that the units are consistent in each subexpression
subexprs = [expr.left]+expr.comparators
subunits = []
for node in subexprs:
subunits.append(parse_expression_unit(node, variables))
for left, right in zip(subunits[:-1], subunits[1:]):
if not have_same_dimensions(left, right):
msg = ('Comparison of expressions with different units. Expression '
'"{}" has unit ({}), while expression "{}" has units ({})').format(
NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left), get_dimensions(left),
NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.comparators[0]), get_dimensions(right))
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return get_unit_fast(1)
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Call:
if len(expr.keywords):
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported.")
elif getattr(expr, 'starargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Variable number of arguments not supported")
elif getattr(expr, 'kwargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported")
func = variables.get(expr.func.id, None)
if func is None:
raise SyntaxError('Unknown function %s' % expr.func.id)
if not hasattr(func, '_arg_units') or not hasattr(func, '_return_unit'):
raise ValueError(('Function %s does not specify how it '
'deals with units.') % expr.func.id)
if len(func._arg_units) != len(expr.args):
raise SyntaxError('Function %s was called with %d parameters, '
'needs %d.' % (expr.func.id,
len(expr.args),
len(func._arg_units)))
for idx, (arg, expected_unit) in enumerate(zip(expr.args,
func._arg_units)):
# A "None" in func._arg_units means: No matter what unit
if expected_unit is None:
continue
elif expected_unit == bool:
if not is_boolean_expression(arg, variables):
raise TypeError(('Argument number %d for function %s was '
'expected to be a boolean value, but is '
'"%s".') % (idx + 1, expr.func.id,
NodeRenderer().render_node(arg)))
else:
arg_unit = parse_expression_unit(arg, variables)
if not have_same_dimensions(arg_unit, expected_unit):
msg = ('Argument number {} for function {} does not have the '
'correct units. Expression "{}" has units ({}), but '
'should be ({}).').format(
idx+1, expr.func.id,
NodeRenderer().render_node(arg),
get_dimensions(arg_unit), get_dimensions(expected_unit))
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
if func._return_unit == bool:
return Unit(1)
elif isinstance(func._return_unit, (Unit, int)):
# Function always returns the same unit
return get_unit_fast(func._return_unit)
else:
# Function returns a unit that depends on the arguments
arg_units = [parse_expression_unit(arg, variables)
for arg in expr.args]
return func._return_unit(*arg_units)
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BinOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
left = parse_expression_unit(expr.left, variables)
right = parse_expression_unit(expr.right, variables)
if op=='Add' or op=='Sub':
u = left+right
elif op=='Mult':
u = left*right
elif op=='Div':
u = left/right
elif op=='Pow':
if have_same_dimensions(left, 1) and have_same_dimensions(right, 1):
return get_unit_fast(1)
n = _get_value_from_expression(expr.right, variables)
u = left**n
elif op=='Mod':
u = left % right
else:
raise SyntaxError("Unsupported operation "+op)
return u
elif expr.__class__ is ast.UnaryOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
# check validity of operand and get its unit
u = parse_expression_unit(expr.operand, variables)
if op=='Not':
return get_unit_fast(1)
else:
return u
else:
raise SyntaxError('Unsupported operation ' + str(expr.__class__))
def get_unit_fast(x):
""" Return a `Quantity` with value 1 and the same dimensions. """
return Quantity.with_dimensions(1, get_dimensions(x))
def check_units_statements(code, variables):
'''
Check the units for a series of statements. Setting a model variable has to
use the correct unit. For newly introduced temporary variables, the unit
is determined and used to check the following statements to ensure
consistency.
Parameters
----------
code : str
The statements as a (multi-line) string
variables : dict of `Variable` objects
The information about all variables used in `code` (including
`Constant` objects for external variables)
Raises
------
KeyError
In case on of the identifiers cannot be resolved.
DimensionMismatchError
If an unit mismatch occurs during the evaluation.
'''
variables = dict(variables)
# Avoid a circular import
from brian2.codegen.translation import analyse_identifiers
newly_defined, _, unknown = analyse_identifiers(code, variables)
if len(unknown):
raise AssertionError(('Encountered unknown identifiers, this should '
'not happen at this stage. Unknown identifiers: %s'
% unknown))
code = re.split(r'[;\n]', code)
for line in code:
line = line.strip()
if not len(line):
continue # skip empty lines
varname, op, expr, comment = parse_statement(line)
if op in ('+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', '%='):
# Replace statements such as "w *=2" by "w = w * 2"
expr = '{var} {op_first} {expr}'.format(var=varname,
op_first=op[0],
expr=expr)
op = '='
elif op == '=':
pass
else:
raise AssertionError('Unknown operator "%s"' % op)
expr_unit = parse_expression_dimensions(expr, variables)
if varname in variables:
expected_unit = variables[varname].dim
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(expr_unit, expected_unit,
('The right-hand-side of code '
'statement ""%s" does not have the '
'expected unit %r') % (line,
expected_unit))
elif varname in newly_defined:
# note the unit for later
variables[varname] = Variable(name=varname,
dimensions=get_dimensions(expr_unit),
scalar=False)
else:
raise AssertionError(('Variable "%s" is neither in the variables '
'dictionary nor in the list of undefined '
'variables.' % varname))
def check_units_statements(code, variables):
'''
Check the units for a series of statements. Setting a model variable has to
use the correct unit. For newly introduced temporary variables, the unit
is determined and used to check the following statements to ensure
consistency.
Parameters
----------
code : str
The statements as a (multi-line) string
variables : dict of `Variable` objects
The information about all variables used in `code` (including
`Constant` objects for external variables)
Raises
------
KeyError
In case on of the identifiers cannot be resolved.
DimensionMismatchError
If an unit mismatch occurs during the evaluation.
'''
variables = dict(variables)
# Avoid a circular import
from brian2.codegen.translation import analyse_identifiers
known = set(variables.keys())
newly_defined, _, unknown = analyse_identifiers(code, known)
if len(unknown):
raise AssertionError(('Encountered unknown identifiers, this should '
'not happen at this stage. Unkown identifiers: %s'
% unknown))
code = re.split(r'[;\n]', code)
for line in code:
line = line.strip()
if not len(line):
continue # skip empty lines
varname, op, expr, comment = parse_statement(line)
if op in ('+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', '%='):
# Replace statements such as "w *=2" by "w = w * 2"
expr = '{var} {op_first} {expr}'.format(var=varname,
op_first=op[0],
expr=expr)
op = '='
elif op == '=':
pass
else:
raise AssertionError('Unknown operator "%s"' % op)
expr_unit = parse_expression_dimensions(expr, variables)
if varname in variables:
expected_unit = variables[varname].dim
fail_for_dimension_mismatch(expr_unit, expected_unit,
('The right-hand-side of code '
'statement ""%s" does not have the '
'expected unit %r') % (line,
expected_unit))
elif varname in newly_defined:
# note the unit for later
variables[varname] = Variable(name=varname,
dimensions=get_dimensions(expr_unit),
scalar=False)
else:
raise AssertionError(('Variable "%s" is neither in the variables '
'dictionary nor in the list of undefined '
'variables.' % varname))
def __init__(self, dimensions):
self.dim = get_dimensions(dimensions)
def __init__(self, dimensions):
self.dim = get_dimensions(dimensions)
def parse_expression_dimensions(expr, variables):
'''
Returns the unit value of an expression, and checks its validity
Parameters
----------
expr : str
The expression to check.
variables : dict
Dictionary of all variables used in the `expr` (including `Constant`
objects for external variables)
Returns
-------
unit : Quantity
The output unit of the expression
Raises
------
SyntaxError
If the expression cannot be parsed, or if it uses ``a**b`` for ``b``
anything other than a constant number.
DimensionMismatchError
If any part of the expression is dimensionally inconsistent.
'''
# If we are working on a string, convert to the top level node
if isinstance(expr, basestring):
mod = ast.parse(expr, mode='eval')
expr = mod.body
if expr.__class__ is getattr(ast, 'NameConstant', None):
# new class for True, False, None in Python 3.4
value = expr.value
if value is True or value is False:
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
raise ValueError('Do not know how to handle value %s' % value)
if expr.__class__ is ast.Name:
name = expr.id
# Raise an error if a function is called as if it were a variable
# (most of the time this happens for a TimedArray)
if name in variables and isinstance(variables[name], Function):
raise SyntaxError(
'%s was used like a variable/constant, but it is '
'a function.' % name)
if name in variables:
return variables[name].dim
elif name in ['True', 'False']:
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
raise KeyError('Unknown identifier %s' % name)
elif (expr.__class__ is ast.Num
or expr.__class__ is getattr(ast, 'Constant', None)): # Python 3.8
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BoolOp:
# check that the units are valid in each subexpression
for node in expr.values:
parse_expression_dimensions(node, variables)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Compare:
# check that the units are consistent in each subexpression
subexprs = [expr.left] + expr.comparators
subunits = []
for node in subexprs:
subunits.append(parse_expression_dimensions(node, variables))
for left_dim, right_dim in zip(subunits[:-1], subunits[1:]):
if not have_same_dimensions(left_dim, right_dim):
msg = (
'Comparison of expressions with different units. Expression '
'"{}" has unit ({}), while expression "{}" has units ({})'
).format(NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left),
get_dimensions(left_dim),
NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.comparators[0]),
get_dimensions(right_dim))
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Call:
if len(expr.keywords):
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported.")
elif getattr(expr, 'starargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Variable number of arguments not supported")
elif getattr(expr, 'kwargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported")
func = variables.get(expr.func.id, None)
if func is None:
raise SyntaxError('Unknown function %s' % expr.func.id)
if not hasattr(func, '_arg_units') or not hasattr(
func, '_return_unit'):
raise ValueError(('Function %s does not specify how it '
'deals with units.') % expr.func.id)
if len(func._arg_units) != len(expr.args):
raise SyntaxError(
'Function %s was called with %d parameters, '
'needs %d.' %
(expr.func.id, len(expr.args), len(func._arg_units)))
for idx, (arg,
expected_unit) in enumerate(zip(expr.args, func._arg_units)):
# A "None" in func._arg_units means: No matter what unit
if expected_unit is None:
continue
elif expected_unit == bool:
if not is_boolean_expression(arg, variables):
raise TypeError(
('Argument number %d for function %s was '
'expected to be a boolean value, but is '
'"%s".') % (idx + 1, expr.func.id,
NodeRenderer().render_node(arg)))
else:
arg_unit = parse_expression_dimensions(arg, variables)
if not have_same_dimensions(arg_unit, expected_unit):
msg = (
'Argument number {} for function {} does not have the '
'correct units. Expression "{}" has units ({}), but '
'should be ({}).').format(
idx + 1, expr.func.id,
NodeRenderer().render_node(arg),
get_dimensions(arg_unit),
get_dimensions(expected_unit))
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
if func._return_unit == bool:
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif isinstance(func._return_unit, (Unit, int)):
# Function always returns the same unit
return getattr(func._return_unit, 'dim', DIMENSIONLESS)
else:
# Function returns a unit that depends on the arguments
arg_units = [
parse_expression_dimensions(arg, variables)
for arg in expr.args
]
return func._return_unit(*arg_units).dim
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BinOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
left_dim = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.left, variables)
right_dim = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.right, variables)
if op in ['Add', 'Sub', 'Mod']:
# dimensions should be the same
if left_dim is not right_dim:
op_symbol = {'Add': '+', 'Sub': '-', 'Mod': '%'}.get(op)
left_str = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left)
right_str = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.right)
left_unit = get_unit_for_display(left_dim)
right_unit = get_unit_for_display(right_dim)
error_msg = ('Expression "{left} {op} {right}" uses '
'inconsistent units ("{left}" has unit '
'{left_unit}; "{right}" '
'has unit {right_unit})').format(
left=left_str,
right=right_str,
op=op_symbol,
left_unit=left_unit,
right_unit=right_unit)
raise DimensionMismatchError(error_msg)
u = left_dim
elif op == 'Mult':
u = left_dim * right_dim
elif op == 'Div':
u = left_dim / right_dim
elif op == 'FloorDiv':
if not (left_dim is DIMENSIONLESS and right_dim is DIMENSIONLESS):
raise SyntaxError('Floor division can only be used on '
'dimensionless values.')
u = DIMENSIONLESS
elif op == 'Pow':
if left_dim is DIMENSIONLESS and right_dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
return DIMENSIONLESS
n = _get_value_from_expression(expr.right, variables)
u = left_dim**n
else:
raise SyntaxError("Unsupported operation " + op)
return u
elif expr.__class__ is ast.UnaryOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
# check validity of operand and get its unit
u = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.operand, variables)
if op == 'Not':
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
return u
else:
raise SyntaxError('Unsupported operation ' + str(expr.__class__))
def get_unit_fast(x):
""" Return a `Quantity` with value 1 and the same dimensions. """
return Quantity.with_dimensions(1, get_dimensions(x))
def __init__(self,
dt,
model,
input,
output,
input_var,
output_var,
n_samples,
threshold,
reset,
refractory,
method,
param_init,
use_units=True):
"""Initialize the fitter."""
if dt is None:
raise ValueError("dt-sampling frequency of the input must be set")
if isinstance(model, str):
model = Equations(model)
if input_var not in model.identifiers:
raise NameError("%s is not an identifier in the model" % input_var)
self.dt = dt
self.simulator = None
self.parameter_names = model.parameter_names
self.n_traces, n_steps = input.shape
self.duration = n_steps * dt
self.n_neurons = self.n_traces * n_samples
self.n_samples = n_samples
self.method = method
self.threshold = threshold
self.reset = reset
self.refractory = refractory
self.input = input
self.output_var = output_var
if output_var == 'spikes':
self.output_dim = DIMENSIONLESS
else:
self.output_dim = model[output_var].dim
self.model = model
self.use_units = use_units
input_dim = get_dimensions(input)
input_dim = '1' if input_dim is DIMENSIONLESS else repr(input_dim)
input_eqs = "{} = input_var(t, i % n_traces) : {}".format(
input_var, input_dim)
self.model += input_eqs
input_traces = TimedArray(input.transpose(), dt=dt)
self.input_traces = input_traces
# initialization of attributes used later
self._best_params = None
self._best_error = None
self.optimizer = None
self.metric = None
if not param_init:
param_init = {}
for param, val in param_init.items():
if not (param in self.model.diff_eq_names
or param in self.model.parameter_names):
raise ValueError("%s is not a model variable or a "
"parameter in the model" % param)
self.param_init = param_init
def assert_quantity(q, values, unit):
assert isinstance(q, Quantity)
assert np.all(np.asarray(q) == values)
assert have_same_dimensions(q, unit), ('Dimension mismatch: (%s) (%s)' %
(get_dimensions(q),
get_dimensions(unit)))
def assert_quantity(q, values, unit):
assert isinstance(q, Quantity) or (isinstance(q, np.ndarray) and have_same_dimensions(unit, 1))
assert_equal(np.asarray(q), values)
assert have_same_dimensions(q, unit), ('Dimension mismatch: (%s) (%s)' %
(get_dimensions(q),
get_dimensions(unit)))
def parse_expression_dimensions(expr, variables, orig_expr=None):
"""
Returns the unit value of an expression, and checks its validity
Parameters
----------
expr : str
The expression to check.
variables : dict
Dictionary of all variables used in the `expr` (including `Constant`
objects for external variables)
Returns
-------
unit : Quantity
The output unit of the expression
Raises
------
SyntaxError
If the expression cannot be parsed, or if it uses ``a**b`` for ``b``
anything other than a constant number.
DimensionMismatchError
If any part of the expression is dimensionally inconsistent.
"""
# If we are working on a string, convert to the top level node
if isinstance(expr, str):
orig_expr = expr
mod = ast.parse(expr, mode='eval')
expr = mod.body
if expr.__class__ is getattr(ast, 'NameConstant', None):
# new class for True, False, None in Python 3.4
value = expr.value
if value is True or value is False:
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
raise ValueError(f'Do not know how to handle value {value}')
if expr.__class__ is ast.Name:
name = expr.id
# Raise an error if a function is called as if it were a variable
# (most of the time this happens for a TimedArray)
if name in variables and isinstance(variables[name], Function):
raise SyntaxError(
f'{name} was used like a variable/constant, but it is a function.',
("<string>", expr.lineno, expr.col_offset + 1, orig_expr))
if name in variables:
return get_dimensions(variables[name])
elif name in ['True', 'False']:
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
raise KeyError(f'Unknown identifier {name}')
elif (expr.__class__ is ast.Num
or expr.__class__ is getattr(ast, 'Constant', None)): # Python 3.8
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BoolOp:
# check that the units are valid in each subexpression
for node in expr.values:
parse_expression_dimensions(node, variables, orig_expr=orig_expr)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Compare:
# check that the units are consistent in each subexpression
subexprs = [expr.left] + expr.comparators
subunits = []
for node in subexprs:
subunits.append(
parse_expression_dimensions(node,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr))
for left_dim, right_dim in zip(subunits[:-1], subunits[1:]):
if not have_same_dimensions(left_dim, right_dim):
left_expr = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left)
right_expr = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.comparators[0])
dim_left = get_dimensions(left_dim)
dim_right = get_dimensions(right_dim)
msg = (
f"Comparison of expressions with different units. Expression "
f"'{left_expr}' has unit ({dim_left}), while expression "
f"'{right_expr}' has units ({dim_right}).")
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
# but the result is a bool, so we just return 1 as the unit
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif expr.__class__ is ast.Call:
if len(expr.keywords):
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported.")
elif getattr(expr, 'starargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Variable number of arguments not supported")
elif getattr(expr, 'kwargs', None) is not None:
raise ValueError("Keyword arguments not supported")
func = variables.get(expr.func.id, None)
if func is None:
raise SyntaxError(
f'Unknown function {expr.func.id}',
("<string>", expr.lineno, expr.col_offset + 1, orig_expr))
if not hasattr(func, '_arg_units') or not hasattr(
func, '_return_unit'):
raise ValueError(
f"Function {expr.func_id} does not specify how it "
f"deals with units.")
if len(func._arg_units) != len(expr.args):
raise SyntaxError(
f"Function '{expr.func.id}' was called with "
f"{len(expr.args)} parameters, needs "
f"{len(func._arg_units)}.",
("<string>", expr.lineno,
expr.col_offset + len(expr.func.id) + 1, orig_expr))
for idx, (arg,
expected_unit) in enumerate(zip(expr.args, func._arg_units)):
arg_unit = parse_expression_dimensions(arg,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr)
# A "None" in func._arg_units means: No matter what unit
if expected_unit is None:
continue
# A string means: same unit as other argument
elif isinstance(expected_unit, str):
arg_idx = func._arg_names.index(expected_unit)
expected_unit = parse_expression_dimensions(
expr.args[arg_idx], variables, orig_expr=orig_expr)
if not have_same_dimensions(arg_unit, expected_unit):
msg = (
f'Argument number {idx + 1} for function '
f'{expr.func.id} was supposed to have the '
f'same units as argument number {arg_idx + 1}, but '
f"'{NodeRenderer().render_node(arg)}' has unit "
f'{get_unit_for_display(arg_unit)}, while '
f"'{NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.args[arg_idx])}' "
f'has unit {get_unit_for_display(expected_unit)}')
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
elif expected_unit == bool:
if not is_boolean_expression(arg, variables):
rendered_arg = NodeRenderer().render_node(arg)
raise TypeError(
f"Argument number {idx + 1} for function "
f"'{expr.func.id}' was expected to be a boolean "
f"value, but is '{rendered_arg}'.")
else:
if not have_same_dimensions(arg_unit, expected_unit):
rendered_arg = NodeRenderer().render_node(arg)
arg_unit_dim = get_dimensions(arg_unit)
expected_unit_dim = get_dimensions(expected_unit)
msg = (
f"Argument number {idx+1} for function {expr.func.id} does "
f"not have the correct units. Expression '{rendered_arg}' "
f"has units ({arg_unit_dim}), but "
f"should be "
f"({expected_unit_dim}).")
raise DimensionMismatchError(msg)
if func._return_unit == bool:
return DIMENSIONLESS
elif isinstance(func._return_unit, (Unit, int)):
# Function always returns the same unit
return getattr(func._return_unit, 'dim', DIMENSIONLESS)
else:
# Function returns a unit that depends on the arguments
arg_units = [
parse_expression_dimensions(arg,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr)
for arg in expr.args
]
return func._return_unit(*arg_units).dim
elif expr.__class__ is ast.BinOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
left_dim = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.left,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr)
right_dim = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.right,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr)
if op in ['Add', 'Sub', 'Mod']:
# dimensions should be the same
if left_dim is not right_dim:
op_symbol = {'Add': '+', 'Sub': '-', 'Mod': '%'}.get(op)
left_str = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left)
right_str = NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.right)
left_unit = get_unit_for_display(left_dim)
right_unit = get_unit_for_display(right_dim)
error_msg = (
f"Expression '{left_str} {op_symbol} {right_str}' uses "
f"inconsistent units ('{left_str}' has unit "
f"{left_unit}; '{right_str}' "
f"has unit {right_unit}).")
raise DimensionMismatchError(error_msg)
u = left_dim
elif op == 'Mult':
u = left_dim * right_dim
elif op == 'Div':
u = left_dim / right_dim
elif op == 'FloorDiv':
if not (left_dim is DIMENSIONLESS and right_dim is DIMENSIONLESS):
if left_dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
col_offset = expr.right.col_offset + 1
else:
col_offset = expr.left.col_offset + 1
raise SyntaxError(
"Floor division can only be used on "
"dimensionless values.",
("<string>", expr.lineno, col_offset, orig_expr))
u = DIMENSIONLESS
elif op == 'Pow':
if left_dim is DIMENSIONLESS and right_dim is DIMENSIONLESS:
return DIMENSIONLESS
n = _get_value_from_expression(expr.right, variables)
u = left_dim**n
else:
raise SyntaxError(
f"Unsupported operation {op}",
("<string>", expr.lineno,
getattr(expr.left, 'end_col_offset',
len(NodeRenderer().render_node(expr.left))) + 1,
orig_expr))
return u
elif expr.__class__ is ast.UnaryOp:
op = expr.op.__class__.__name__
# check validity of operand and get its unit
u = parse_expression_dimensions(expr.operand,
variables,
orig_expr=orig_expr)
if op == 'Not':
return DIMENSIONLESS
else:
return u
else:
raise SyntaxError(
f"Unsupported operation {str(expr.__class__.__name__)}",
("<string>", expr.lineno, expr.col_offset + 1, orig_expr))