def get_clip_scores(seqs, scores):
nonlocal top_k_scores
special_words = ['<start>', '<end>']
replace_words = {
'<unk>': '<averyunpleasantword>',
'<pad>': '<anotherveryunpleasantword>'
}
special_words_enc = [word_map[w] for w in special_words]
if step == 1:
top_k_scores, next_word_inds = scores[0].topk(
k, 0, True, True) # (s)
return torch.zeros(k, device=device).long(), next_word_inds
next_word_inds = scores.topk(k)[1]
inds = []
text = []
weights = torch.ones(k**2).to(device)
count = 0
for idx, (prev_seq, next_words) in enumerate(
zip(seqs.tolist(), next_word_inds.tolist())):
prev_words = [
rev_word_map[w] for w in prev_seq
if w not in special_words_enc
]
for word in next_words:
cap_words = copy.copy(prev_words)
if word not in special_words:
word_char = rev_word_map[word]
word_char = replace_words.get(word_char) or word_char
cap_words.append(word_char)
text.append(' '.join(cap_words))
inds.append([idx, word])
if rev_word_map[word] == '<end>':
weights[count] = 1.5
count += 1
inds = np.array(inds)
text = clip.tokenize(text).to(device)
with torch.no_grad():
text_features = encoder.clip_model.encode_text(text)
# Pick the top k most similar captions for the image
text_features /= text_features.norm(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
similarity = (image_features @ text_features.T *
weights).log_softmax(dim=-1)
top_k_scores, indices = similarity.view(-1).topk(k, 0, True, True)
prev_inds = torch.tensor([inds[idx][0] for idx in indices],
device=device)
next_inds = torch.tensor([inds[idx][1] for idx in indices],
device=device)
return prev_inds, next_inds
def clip_similarity(self, input):
if self.config.task == "txt2img":
image = kornia.resize(input, (224, 224))
if self.augmentation is not None:
image = self.augmentation(image)
image_features = self.CLIP.encode_image(image)
sim = torch.cosine_similarity(image_features, self.text_features)
elif self.config.task == "img2txt":
try:
text_tokens = clip.tokenize(input).to(self.config.device)
except:
return torch.zeros(len(input))
text_features = self.CLIP.encode_text(text_tokens)
sim = torch.cosine_similarity(text_features, self.image_features)
return sim
def __init__(self, config):
self.config = config
self.augmentation = None
self.CLIP, clip_preprocess = clip.load("ViT-B/32",
device=self.config.device)
self.CLIP = self.CLIP.eval()
freeze_model(self.CLIP)
self.model = self.config.model(config).to(self.config.device).eval()
freeze_model(self.model)
if config.task == "txt2img":
self.tokens = clip.tokenize([self.config.target
]).to(self.config.device)
self.text_features = self.CLIP.encode_text(self.tokens).detach()
if config.task == "img2txt":
image = clip_preprocess(Image.open(
self.config.target)).unsqueeze(0).to(self.config.device)
self.image_features = self.CLIP.encode_image(image)
def main():
# Model selection and download.
imagenet_1024 = False
imagenet_16384 = True
coco = False
faceshq = False
wikiart_1024 = False
wikiart_16384 = False
sflckr = False
openimages_8192 = False
'''
if imagenet_1024:
# !curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.yaml' #ImageNet 1024
# !curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.ckpt' #ImageNet 1024
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.yaml'")
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024.ckpt'")
if imagenet_16384:
# !curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2Fmodel.yaml&dl=1' #ImageNet 16384
# !curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fckpts%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1' #ImageNet 16384
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2Fmodel.yaml&dl=1'")
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fckpts%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1'")
if openimages_8192:
# !curl -L -o vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/2e5662443a6b4307b470/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2Fmodel.yaml&dl=1' #ImageNet 16384
# !curl -L -o vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/2e5662443a6b4307b470/files/?p=%2Fckpts%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1' #ImageNet 16384
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/2e5662443a6b4307b470/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2Fmodel.yaml&dl=1'")
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/2e5662443a6b4307b470/files/?p=%2Fckpts%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1'")
if coco:
# !curl -L -o coco.yaml -C - 'https://dl.nmkd.de/ai/clip/coco/coco.yaml' #COCO
# !curl -L -o coco.ckpt -C - 'https://dl.nmkd.de/ai/clip/coco/coco.ckpt' #COCO
Popen("curl -L -o coco.yaml -C - 'https://dl.nmkd.de/ai/clip/coco/coco.yaml'")
Popen("curl -L -o coco.ckpt -C - 'https://dl.nmkd.de/ai/clip/coco/coco.ckpt'")
if faceshq:
# !curl -L -o faceshq.yaml -C - 'https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1fHwGx_hnBtC8nsq7hesJvs-Klv-P0gzT' #FacesHQ
# !curl -L -o faceshq.ckpt -C - 'https://app.koofr.net/content/links/a04deec9-0c59-4673-8b37-3d696fe63a5d/files/get/last.ckpt?path=%2F2020-11-13T21-41-45_faceshq_transformer%2Fcheckpoints%2Flast.ckpt' #FacesHQ
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2Fmodel.yaml&dl=1'")
Popen("curl -L -o vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/a7530b09fed84f80a887/files/?p=%2Fckpts%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1")
if wikiart_1024:
# !curl -L -o wikiart_1024.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart.yaml' #WikiArt 1024
# !curl -L -o wikiart_1024.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart.ckpt' #WikiArt 1024
Popen("curl -L -o wikiart_1024.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart.yaml'")
Popen("curl -L -o wikiart_1024.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart.ckpt'")
if wikiart_16384:
# !curl -L -o wikiart_16384.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart_16384.yaml' #WikiArt 16384
# !curl -L -o wikiart_16384.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart_16384.ckpt' #WikiArt 16384
Popen("curl -L -o wikiart_16384.yaml -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart_16384.yaml'")
Popen("curl -L -o wikiart_16384.ckpt -C - 'http://mirror.io.community/blob/vqgan/wikiart_16384.ckpt'")
if sflckr:
# !curl -L -o sflckr.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/73487ab6e5314cb5adba/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2F2020-11-09T13-31-51-project.yaml&dl=1' #S-FLCKR
# !curl -L -o sflckr.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/73487ab6e5314cb5adba/files/?p=%2Fcheckpoints%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1' #S-FLCKR
Popen("curl -L -o sflckr.yaml -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/73487ab6e5314cb5adba/files/?p=%2Fconfigs%2F2020-11-09T13-31-51-project.yaml&dl=1'")
Popen("curl -L -o sflckr.ckpt -C - 'https://heibox.uni-heidelberg.de/d/73487ab6e5314cb5adba/files/?p=%2Fcheckpoints%2Flast.ckpt&dl=1'")
'''
ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True
def sinc(x):
return torch.where(x != 0, torch.sin(math.pi * x) / (math.pi * x), x.new_ones([]))
def lanczos(x, a):
cond = torch.logical_and(-a < x, x < a)
out = torch.where(cond, sinc(x) * sinc(x / a), x.new_zeros([]))
return out / out.sum()
def ramp(ratio, width):
n = math.ceil(width / ratio + 1)
out = torch.empty([n])
cur = 0
for i in range(out.shape[0]):
out[i] = cur
cur += ratio
return torch.cat([-out[1:].flip([0]), out])[1:-1]
def resample(input, size, align_corners=True):
n, c, h, w = input.shape
dh, dw = size
input = input.view([n * c, 1, h, w])
if dh < h:
kernel_h = lanczos(ramp(dh / h, 2), 2).to(input.device, input.dtype)
pad_h = (kernel_h.shape[0] - 1) // 2
input = F.pad(input, (0, 0, pad_h, pad_h), "reflect")
input = F.conv2d(input, kernel_h[None, None, :, None])
if dw < w:
kernel_w = lanczos(ramp(dw / w, 2), 2).to(input.device, input.dtype)
pad_w = (kernel_w.shape[0] - 1) // 2
input = F.pad(input, (pad_w, pad_w, 0, 0), "reflect")
input = F.conv2d(input, kernel_w[None, None, None, :])
input = input.view([n, c, h, w])
return F.interpolate(
input, size, mode="bicubic", align_corners=align_corners
)
class ReplaceGrad(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, x_forward, x_backward):
ctx.shape = x_backward.shape
return x_forward
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_in):
return None, grad_in.sum_to_size(ctx.shape)
replace_grad = ReplaceGrad.apply
class ClampWithGrad(torch.autograd.Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, input, min, max):
ctx.min = min
ctx.max = max
ctx.save_for_backward(input)
return input.clamp(min, max)
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_in):
input, = ctx.saved_tensors
return grad_in * (grad_in * (input - input.clamp(ctx.min, ctx.max)) >= 0), None, None
clamp_with_grad = ClampWithGrad.apply
def vector_quantize(x, codebook):
d = x.pow(2).sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True) + codebook.pow(2).sum(dim=1) - 2 * x @ codebook.T
indices = d.argmin(-1)
x_q = F.one_hot(indices, codebook.shape[0]).to(d.dtype) @ codebook
return replace_grad(x_q, x)
class Prompt(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, embed, weight=1., stop=float('-inf')):
super().__init__()
self.register_buffer("embed", embed)
self.register_buffer("weight", torch.as_tensor(weight))
self.register_buffer("stop", torch.as_tensor(stop))
def forward(self, input):
input_normed = F.normalize(input.unsqueeze(1), dim=2)
embed_normed = F.normalize(self.embed.unsqueeze(0), dim=2)
dists = input_normed.sub(embed_normed).norm(dim=2).div(2)\
.arcsin().pow(2).mul(2)
dists = dists * self.weight.sign()
return self.weight.abs() *\
replace_grad(dists, torch.maximum(dists, self.stop))\
.mean()
def parse_prompt(prompt):
vals = prompt.rsplit(":", 2)
vals = vals + ["", "1", "-inf"][len(vals):]
return vals[0], float(vals[1]), float(vals[2])
class MakeCutouts(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, cut_size, cutn, cut_pow=1.):
super().__init__()
self.cut_size = cut_size
self.cutn = cutn
self.cut_pow = cut_pow
self.augs = nn.Sequential(
# K.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=0.5),
# K.RandomVerticalFlip(p=0.5),
# K.RandomSolarize(0.01, 0.01, p=0.7),
# K.RandomSharpness(0.3, p=0.4),
# K.RandomResizedCrop(
# size=(self.cut_size, self.cut_size),
# scale=(0.1, 1), ratio=(0.75, 1.333),
# cropping_mode="resample", p=0.5
# ),
# K.RandomCrop(
# size=(self.cut_size, self.cut_size), p=0.5
# ),
K.RandomAffine(
degrees=15, translate=0.1, p=0.7,
padding_mode="border"
),
K.RandomPerspective(0.7, p=0.7),
K.ColorJitter(hue=0.1, saturation=0.1, p=0.7),
K.RandomErasing(
(.1, .4), (.3, 1/.3), same_on_batch=True, p=0.7
),
)
self.noise_fac = 0.1
self.av_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(
(self.cut_size, self.cut_size)
)
self.max_pool = nn.AdaptiveMaxPool2d(
(self.cut_size, self.cut_size)
)
def forward(self, input):
sideY, sideX = input.shape[2:4]
max_size = min(sideX, sideY)
min_size = min(sideX, sideY, self.cut_size)
cutouts = []
for _ in range(self.cutn):
# size = int(
# torch.rand([])**self.cut_pow *\
# (max_size - min_size) + min_size
# )
# offsetx = torch.randint(0, sideX - size + 1, ())
# offsety = torch.randint(0, sideY - size + 1, ())
# cutout = input[
# :, :, offsety:offsety + size, offsetx:offsetx + size
# ]
# cutouts.append(
# resample(cutout, (self.cut_size, self.cut_size))
# )
# cutout = transforms.Resize(
# size=(self.cut_size, self.cut_size)
# )(input)
cutout = (self.av_pool(input) + self.max_pool(input)) / 2
cutouts.append(cutout)
batch = self.augs(torch.cat(cutouts, dim=0))
if self.noise_fac:
facs = batch.new_empty([self.cutn, 1, 1, 1])\
.uniform_(0, self.noise_fac)
batch = batch + facs * torch.randn_like(batch)
return batch
def load_vqgan_model(config_path, checkpoint_path):
config = OmegaConf.load(config_path)
if config.model.target == "taming.models.vqgan.VQModel":
model = vqgan.VQModel(**config.model.params)
model.eval().requires_grad_(False)
model.init_from_ckpt(checkpoint_path)
elif config.model.target == "taming.models.vqgan.GumbelVQ":
model = vqgan.GumbelVQ(**config.model.params)
model.eval().requires_grad_(False)
model.init_from_ckpt(checkpoint_path)
elif config.model.target == "taming.models.cond_transformer.Net2NetTransformer":
parent_model = cond_transformer.Net2NetTransformer(**config.model.params)
parent_model.eval().requires_grad_(False)
parent_model.init_from_ckpt(checkpoint_path)
model = parent_model.first_stage_model
else:
raise ValueError(f"unknown model type: {config.model.target}")
del model.loss
return model
def resize_image(image, out_size):
ratio = image.size[0] / image.size[1]
area = min(
image.size[0] * image.size[1], out_size[0] * out_size[1]
)
size = round((area * ratio)**0.5), round((area / ratio)**0.5)
return image.resize(size, Image.LANCZOS)
# Run settings.
texts = "Soon I’ll be on the largest screen"
width = 600
height = 600
model = "vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384" # Must match a downloaded model.
images_interval = 50
init_image = "" # Image path or url here.
target_images = "" # Image path here.
seed = 42
max_iterations = 200
model_names = {
"vqgan_imagenet_f16_16384": 'ImageNet 16384',
"vqgan_imagenet_f16_1024": "ImageNet 1024",
"vqgan_openimages_f16_8192": "OpenImages 8912",
"wikiart_1024": "WikiArt 1024",
"wikiart_16384": "WikiArt 16384",
"coco": "COCO-Stuff",
"faceshq": "FacesHQ",
"sflckr": "S-FLCKR"
}
name_model = model_names[model]
if seed == -1:
seed = None
if init_image == None:
init_image = None
if target_images == "None" or not target_images:
target_images = []
else:
target_images = target_images.split("|")
target_images = [image.strip() for image in target_images]
texts = [phrase.strip() for phrase in texts.split("|")]
if texts == [""]:
texts = []
args = argparse.Namespace(
prompts=texts,
image_prompts=target_images,
noise_prompt_seeds=[],
noise_prompt_weights=[],
size=[width, height],
init_image=init_image,
init_weight=0.,
clip_model="ViT-B/32",
vqgan_config=f"{model}.yaml",
vqgan_checkpoint=f"{model}.ckpt",
step_size=0.1,
cutn=32,
cut_pow=1.,
display_freq=images_interval,
seed=seed,
)
# Do the run.
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
print("Using device:", device)
if texts:
print("Using texts:", texts)
if target_images:
print("Using image prompts:", target_images)
if args.seed is None:
seed = torch.seed()
else:
seed = args.seed
torch.manual_seed(seed)
print("Using seed:", seed)
model = load_vqgan_model(args.vqgan_config, args.vqgan_checkpoint).to(device)
perceptor = clip.load(args.clip_model, jit=False)[0].eval().requires_grad_(False).to(device)
# clock=deepcopy(perceptor.visual.positional_embedding.data)
# perceptor.visual.positional_embedding.data = clock / clock.max()
# perceptor.visual.positional_embedding.data = clamp_with_grad(clock, 0, 1)
cut_size = perceptor.visual.input_resolution
f = 2**(model.decoder.num_resolutions - 1)
make_cutouts = MakeCutouts(cut_size, args.cutn, cut_pow=args.cut_pow)
toksX, toksY = args.size[0] // f, args.size[1] // f
sideX, sideY = toksX * f, toksY * f
if args.vqgan_checkpoint == "vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.ckpt":
e_dim = 256
n_toks = model.quantize.n_embed
z_min = model.quantize.embed.weight.min(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
z_max = model.quantize.embed.weight.max(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
else:
e_dim = model.quantize.e_dim
n_toks = model.quantize.n_e
z_min = model.quantize.embedding.weight.min(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
z_max = model.quantize.embedding.weight.max(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
# z_min = model.quantize.embedding.weight.min(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
# z_max = model.quantize.embedding.weight.max(dim=0).values[None, :, None, None]
# normalize_imagenet = transforms.Normalize(
# mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
# std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225],
# )
if args.init_image:
if "http" in args.init_image:
img = Image.open(urlopen(args.init_image))
else:
img = Image.open(args.init_image)
pil_image = img.convert("RGB")
pil_image = pil_image.resize((sideX, sideY), Image.LANCZOS)
pil_tensor = TF.to_tensor(pil_image)
z, *_ = model.encode(pil_tensor.to(device).unsqueeze(0) * 2 - 1)
else:
one_hot = F.one_hot(
torch.randint(n_toks, [toksY * toksX], device=device),
n_toks
).float()
# z = one_hot @ model.quantize.embedding.weight
if args.vqgan_checkpoint == "vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.ckpt":
z = one_hot @ model.quantize.embed.weight
else:
z = one_hot @ model.quantize.embedding.weight
z = z.view([-1, toksY, toksX, e_dim]).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
z = torch.rand_like(z) * 2
z_orig = z.clone()
z.requires_grad_(True)
opt = optim.Adam([z], lr=args.step_size)
normalize = transforms.Normalize(
mean=[0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073],
std=[0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711],
)
pMs = []
for prompt in args.prompts:
txt, weight, stop = parse_prompt(prompt)
embed = perceptor.encode_text(clip.tokenize(txt).to(device)).float()
pMs.append(Prompt(embed, weight, stop).to(device))
for prompt in args.image_prompts:
path, weight, stop = parse_prompt(prompt)
img = Image.open(path)
pil_image = img.convert("RGB")
img = resize_image(pil_image, (sideX, sideY))
batch = make_cutouts(TF.to_tensor(img).unsqueeze(0).to(device))
embed = perceptor.encode_image(normalize(batch)).float()
pMs.append(Prompt(embed, weight, stop).to(device))
for seed, weight in zip(args.noise_prompt_seeds, args.noise_prompt_weights):
gen = torch.Generator().manual_seed(seed)
embed = torch.empty(
[1, perceptor.visual.output_dim]
).normal_(generator=gen)
pMs.append(Prompt(embed, weight).to(device))
def synth(z):
if args.vqgan_checkpoint == "vqgan_openimages_f16_8192.ckpt":
z_q = vector_quantize(
z.movedim(1, 3), model.quantize.embed.weight
).movedim(3, 1)
else:
z_q = vector_quantize(
z.movedim(1, 3), model.quantize.embedding.weight
).movedim(3, 1)
return clamp_with_grad(model.decode(z_q).add(1).div(2), 0, 1)
@torch.no_grad()
def checkin(i, losses):
losses_str = ", ".join(f"{loss.item():g}" for loss in losses)
tqdm.write(
f"i: {i}, loss: {sum(losses).item():g}, losses: {losses_str}"
)
out = synth(z)
TF.to_pil_image(out[0].cpu()).save("progress.png")
# MAY UNCOMMENT WHEN NOT RUNNING ON DOCKER.
#display.display(display.Image("progress.png"))
def ascend_txt(i):
#global i
out = synth(z)
iii = perceptor.encode_image(normalize(make_cutouts(out))).float()
result = []
if args.init_weight:
# result.append(F.mse_loss(z, z_orig) * args.init_weight / 2)
result.append(
F.mse_loss(z, torch.zeros_like(z_orig)) *\
((1 / torch.tensor(i * 2 + 1)) * args.init_weight)
)
for prompt in pMs:
result.append(prompt(iii))
img = np.array(
out.mul(255).clamp(0, 255)[0].cpu().detach().numpy()\
.astype(np.uint8)
)[:, :, :]
img = np.transpose(img, (1, 2, 0))
imageio.imwrite("./steps/" + str(i) + ".png", np.array(img))
return result
def train(i):
opt.zero_grad()
lossAll = ascend_txt(i)
if i % args.display_freq == 0:
checkin(i, lossAll)
loss = sum(lossAll)
loss.backward()
opt.step()
with torch.no_grad():
z.copy_(z.maximum(z_min).minimum(z_max))
i = 0
try:
with tqdm() as pbar:
while True:
train(i)
if i == max_iterations:
break
i += 1
pbar.update()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
# Generate a video with the result.
init_frame = 1 # This is the frame where the video will start.
last_frame = i # Can change i to the number of the last frame wanted
# to generate. Will raise an error if it does not exist.
min_fps = 10
max_fps = 60
total_frames = last_frame - init_frame
length = 15 # Desiredtime of the video in seconds.
frames = []
tqdm.write("Generating video...")
for i in range(init_frame, last_frame):
frames.append(Image.open("./steps/" + str(i) + ".png"))
# fps = last_frame / 10
fps = np.clip(total_frames / length, min_fps, max_fps)
# MAY UNCOMMENT WHEN NOT RUNNING ON DOCKER.
#p = Popen(
# ["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "image2pipe", "-vcodec", "png", "-r",
# str(fps), "-i", "-", "-vcodec", "libx264", "-r", str(fps),
# "-pix_fmt", "yuv420p", "-crf", "17", "-preset", "veryslow",
# "video.mp4"],
# stdin=PIPE
#)
#for im in tqdm(frames):
# im.save(p.stdin, "PNG")
#p.stdin.close()
#p.wait()
#mp4 = open("video/mp4", "rb").read()
#data_url = "data:video/mp4;base64," + b64encode(mp4).decode()
#display.HTML('''
# <video width=400 controls>
# <source src="%s" type="video/mp4">
# </video>
#''' % data_url)
# Exit the program.
exit(0)