def setUp(self):
db1 = TemporaryFilesystemBlobDB()
assert get_blob_db() is db1, (get_blob_db(), db1)
data = b'binary data not valid utf-8 \xe4\x94'
self.not_founds = set()
self.blob_metas = []
for type_code in [CODES.form_xml, CODES.multimedia, CODES.data_export]:
meta = db1.put(BytesIO(data), meta=new_meta(type_code=type_code))
lost = new_meta(type_code=type_code, content_length=42)
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
self.blob_metas.append(lost)
lost.save()
self.not_founds.add((
lost.id,
lost.domain,
lost.type_code,
lost.parent_id,
lost.key,
))
self.test_size = len(self.blob_metas)
db2 = TemporaryFilesystemBlobDB()
self.db = TemporaryMigratingBlobDB(db2, db1)
assert get_blob_db() is self.db, (get_blob_db(), self.db)
discard_migration_state(self.slug)
def setUp(self):
self.db = TemporaryS3BlobDB(settings.S3_BLOB_DB_SETTINGS)
assert get_blob_db() is self.db, (get_blob_db(), self.db)
data = b'binary data not valid utf-8 \xe4\x94'
self.blob_metas, self.not_founds = [], set()
for domain, type_code in (('a', CODES.form_xml),
('a', CODES.application), ('b',
CODES.form_xml)):
self.blob_metas.append(
self.db.put(BytesIO(data),
meta=new_meta(domain=domain, type_code=type_code)))
lost = new_meta(domain=domain,
type_code=CODES.form_xml,
content_length=42)
lost.save()
self.blob_metas.append(lost)
self.not_founds.add((
lost.id,
lost.domain,
lost.type_code,
lost.parent_id,
lost.key,
))
discard_migration_state(self.slug)
discard_migration_state(self.slug, domain='a')
def setUp(self):
db1 = TemporaryFilesystemBlobDB()
assert get_blob_db() is db1, (get_blob_db(), db1)
data = b'binary data not valid utf-8 \xe4\x94'
self.not_founds = set()
self.blob_metas = []
for type_code in [CODES.form_xml, CODES.multimedia, CODES.data_export]:
meta = db1.put(BytesIO(data), meta=new_meta(type_code=type_code))
lost = new_meta(type_code=type_code, content_length=42)
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
self.blob_metas.append(lost)
lost.save()
self.not_founds.add((
lost.id,
lost.domain,
lost.type_code,
lost.parent_id,
lost.key,
))
self.test_size = len(self.blob_metas)
db2 = TemporaryFilesystemBlobDB()
self.db = TemporaryMigratingBlobDB(db2, db1)
assert get_blob_db() is self.db, (get_blob_db(), self.db)
discard_migration_state(self.slug)
def test_get_for_parent_with_type_code(self):
m1 = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"fx"),
meta=new_meta(type_code=CODES.form_xml))
m2 = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"),
meta=new_meta(type_code=CODES.multimedia))
self.assertEqual(m1.parent_id, m2.parent_id)
items = self.db.metadb.get_for_parent(m1.parent_id, CODES.form_xml)
self.assertEqual([x.key for x in items], [m1.key])
def test_put_from_other_s3_db(self):
# cleanup will be done by self.db
db2 = S3BlobDB(settings.S3_BLOB_DB_SETTINGS)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.db.get(meta.key) as blob:
meta2 = db2.put(blob, meta=new_meta())
self.assertEqual(meta2.content_length, meta.content_length)
with db2.get(meta2.key) as blob2:
self.assertEqual(blob2.read(), b"content")
def test_put_from_other_s3_db(self):
# cleanup will be done by self.db
db2 = S3BlobDB(settings.S3_BLOB_DB_SETTINGS)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.db.get(meta.key) as blob:
meta2 = db2.put(blob, meta=new_meta())
self.assertEqual(meta2.content_length, meta.content_length)
with db2.get(meta2.key) as blob2:
self.assertEqual(blob2.read(), b"content")
def test_extends(self):
# First export file ...
for blob in (b'ham', b'spam', b'eggs'):
meta_meta = new_meta(
domain=self.domain_name,
type_code=CODES.multimedia,
)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(blob), meta=meta_meta) # Naming ftw
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
with NamedTemporaryFile() as file_one:
exporter = EXPORTERS['all_blobs'](self.domain_name)
exporter.migrate(file_one.name, force=True)
with tarfile.open(file_one.name, 'r:gz') as tgzfile:
keys_in_file_one = set(m.key for m in self.blob_metas[-3:])
self.assertEqual(set(tgzfile.getnames()), keys_in_file_one)
# Second export file extends first ...
for blob in (b'foo', b'bar', b'baz'):
meta_meta = new_meta(
domain=self.domain_name,
type_code=CODES.multimedia,
)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(blob), meta=meta_meta)
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
with NamedTemporaryFile() as file_two:
exporter = EXPORTERS['all_blobs'](self.domain_name)
exporter.migrate(
file_two.name,
already_exported=keys_in_file_one,
force=True,
)
with tarfile.open(file_two.name, 'r:gz') as tgzfile:
keys_in_file_two = set(m.key for m in self.blob_metas[-3:])
self.assertEqual(set(tgzfile.getnames()), keys_in_file_two)
# Third export file extends first and second ...
for blob in (b'wibble', b'wobble', b'wubble'):
meta_meta = new_meta(
domain=self.domain_name,
type_code=CODES.multimedia,
)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(blob), meta=meta_meta)
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
with NamedTemporaryFile() as file_three:
exporter = EXPORTERS['all_blobs'](self.domain_name)
exporter.migrate(
file_three.name,
already_exported=keys_in_file_one | keys_in_file_two,
force=True,
)
with tarfile.open(file_three.name, 'r:gz') as tgzfile:
keys_in_file_three = set(m.key
for m in self.blob_metas[-3:])
self.assertEqual(set(tgzfile.getnames()),
keys_in_file_three)
def test_reparent(self):
metadb = self.db.metadb
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta(parent_id="no-change"))
metas = []
for name in "abc":
meta = new_meta(parent_id="old", name=name)
metas.append(self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta))
a, b, c = metas
new_parent = new_id_in_same_dbalias("old")
metadb.reparent("old", new_parent)
self.assertEqual(metadb.get_for_parent("old"), [])
self.assertEqual(
[m.id for m in metadb.get_for_parent(new_parent)],
[m.id for m in metas],
)
self.assertEqual(len(metadb.get_for_parent("no-change")), 1)
def test_delete_no_args(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.db.delete()
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
self.assertTrue(self.db.delete(key=meta.key))
def test_get_by_key(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=new_meta())
copy = self.db.metadb.get(
parent_id=meta.parent_id,
key=meta.key
)
self.assertEqual(copy.key, meta.key)
def test_expire(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
self.assertIsNone(meta.expires_on)
with AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
db.expire(meta.parent_id, key=meta.key)
meta = db.metadb.get(parent_id=meta.parent_id, key=meta.key)
self.assertGreater(meta.expires_on, datetime.utcnow())
def test_expire(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
self.assertIsNone(meta.expires_on)
with AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
db.expire(meta.parent_id, key=meta.key)
meta = db.metadb.get(parent_id=meta.parent_id, key=meta.key)
self.assertGreater(meta.expires_on, datetime.utcnow())
def test_delete_no_args(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.db.delete()
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
self.assertTrue(self.db.delete(key=meta.key))
def test_get_missing_name(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.db.metadb.get(
parent_id=meta.parent_id,
type_code=meta.type_code,
)
def test_delete_from_both_fs_and_s3(self):
meta = self.fsdb.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.fsdb.get(key=meta.key) as content:
self.db.copy_blob(content, key=meta.key)
self.assertTrue(self.db.delete(key=meta.key))
with self.assertRaises(mod.NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
def test_reparent(self):
metadb = self.db.metadb
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta(parent_id="no-change"))
metas = []
for name in "abc":
meta = new_meta(parent_id="old", name=name)
metas.append(self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta))
a, b, c = metas
new_parent = new_id_in_same_dbalias("old")
metadb.reparent("old", new_parent)
self.assertEqual(metadb.get_for_parent("old"), [])
self.assertEqual(
[m.id for m in metadb.get_for_parent(new_parent)],
[m.id for m in metas],
)
self.assertEqual(len(metadb.get_for_parent("no-change")), 1)
def test_delete_failed(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(Boom), AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
db.delete(key=meta.key)
raise Boom()
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
def setUpClass(cls):
super(TestBlobStream, cls).setUpClass()
with trap_extra_setup(AttributeError,
msg="S3_BLOB_DB_SETTINGS not configured"):
config = settings.S3_BLOB_DB_SETTINGS
cls.db = TemporaryS3BlobDB(config)
cls.meta = cls.db.put(BytesIO(b"bytes"), meta=new_meta())
def test_delete_failed(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(Boom), AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
db.delete(key=meta.key)
raise Boom()
with self.db.get(meta=meta) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
def test_delete_from_both_fs_and_s3(self):
meta = self.fsdb.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.fsdb.get(key=meta.key) as content:
self.db.copy_blob(content, key=meta.key)
self.assertTrue(self.db.delete(key=meta.key))
with self.assertRaises(mod.NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
def test_get(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=new_meta())
copy = self.db.metadb.get(
parent_id=meta.parent_id,
type_code=meta.type_code,
name="",
)
self.assertEqual(copy.key, meta.key)
def test_put_and_size(self):
identifier = new_meta()
with patch_datadog() as stats:
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=identifier)
size = len(b'content')
self.assertEqual(sum(s for s in stats["commcare.blobs.added.count"]), 1)
self.assertEqual(sum(s for s in stats["commcare.blobs.added.bytes"]), size)
self.assertEqual(self.db.size(key=meta.key), size)
def test_save_on_put(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertEqual(meta.id, None)
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertTrue(meta.id)
saved = get_meta(meta)
self.assertTrue(saved is not meta)
self.assertEqual(saved.key, meta.key)
def test_save_empty_properties(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertEqual(meta.properties, {})
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertEqual(get_meta(meta).properties, {})
query = BlobMeta.objects.partitioned_query(meta.parent_id)
results = query.filter(id=meta.id).values_list('id', 'properties')
self.assertEqual(list(results), [(meta.id, None)])
def test_save_on_put(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertEqual(meta.id, None)
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertTrue(meta.id)
saved = get_meta(meta)
self.assertTrue(saved is not meta)
self.assertEqual(saved.key, meta.key)
def test_bulk_delete_temporary_metadata(self):
exp = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=30)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta(expires_on=exp))
self.db.bulk_delete(metas=[meta])
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
with self.assertRaises(DeletedBlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta, deleted=True)
def test_get(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=new_meta())
copy = self.db.metadb.get(
parent_id=meta.parent_id,
type_code=meta.type_code,
name="",
)
self.assertEqual(copy.key, meta.key)
def test_get_extra_arg(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=new_meta())
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
self.db.metadb.get(
parent_id=meta.parent_id,
type_code=meta.type_code,
name="",
domain="test",
)
def test_bulk_delete_permanent_metadata(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
now = datetime.utcnow()
with patch('corehq.blobs.metadata._utcnow', return_value=now):
self.db.bulk_delete(metas=[meta])
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
deleted = get_meta(meta, deleted=True)
self.assertEqual(deleted.deleted_on, now)
def setUpClass(cls):
super().setUpClass()
cls.db = TemporaryFilesystemBlobDB()
assert get_blob_db() is cls.db, (get_blob_db(), cls.db)
data = b'binary data not valid utf-8 \xe4\x94'
cls.blob_metas = []
cls.not_found = set()
cls.domain_name = str(uuid.uuid4)
for type_code in [CODES.form_xml, CODES.multimedia, CODES.data_export]:
for domain in (cls.domain_name, str(uuid.uuid4())):
meta = cls.db.put(BytesIO(data), meta=new_meta(domain=domain, type_code=type_code))
lost = new_meta(domain=domain, type_code=type_code, content_length=42)
cls.blob_metas.append(meta)
cls.blob_metas.append(lost)
lost.save()
cls.not_found.add(lost.key)
def test_expose_blob_download(self):
ref = expose_blob_download(
self.identifier,
expiry=60,
content_disposition='text/xml',
)
self.db.put(BytesIO(b'content'), meta=new_meta(key=ref.download_id))
response = BlobDownload.get(ref.download_id).toHttpResponse()
self.assertEqual(next(response.streaming_content), b'content')
def test_delete_permanent_metadata(self):
early = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(minutes=5)
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta(created_on=early))
self.db.delete(key=meta.key)
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
deleted = get_meta(meta, deleted=True)
self.assertFalse(deleted.deleted_on is None)
self.assertGreaterEqual(deleted.deleted_on, meta.created_on)
self.assertLessEqual(deleted.deleted_on, datetime.utcnow())
def test_user_auth_required_access_denied(self):
ref = expose_blob_download('identifier',
expiry=60,
content_disposition='text/xml',
owner_ids=['foo'])
self.db.put(BytesIO(b'content'), meta=new_meta(key=ref.download_id))
response = self.client.get(
reverse('retrieve_download', args=[ref.download_id]) + "?get_file")
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 403)
def test_copy_blob_masks_old_blob(self):
content = BytesIO(b"fs content")
meta = self.fsdb.put(content, meta=new_meta())
content.seek(0)
self.db.copy_blob(content, key=meta.key)
self.assertEndsWith(self.fsdb.get_path(key=meta.key), "/" + meta.key)
with replattr(self.fsdb, "get", blow_up, sigcheck=False):
with self.assertRaises(Boom):
self.fsdb.get(key=meta.key)
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"fs content")
def test_copy_blob_masks_old_blob(self):
content = BytesIO(b"fs content")
meta = self.fsdb.put(content, meta=new_meta())
content.seek(0)
self.db.copy_blob(content, key=meta.key)
self.assertEndsWith(self.fsdb.get_path(key=meta.key), "/" + meta.key)
with replattr(self.fsdb, "get", blow_up, sigcheck=False):
with self.assertRaises(Boom):
self.fsdb.get(key=meta.key)
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"fs content")
def test_put_and_size(self):
identifier = new_meta()
with capture_metrics() as metrics:
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=identifier)
size = len(b'content')
self.assertEqual(
metrics.sum('commcare.blobs.added.count', type='form_xml'), 1)
self.assertEqual(
metrics.sum('commcare.blobs.added.bytes', type='form_xml'), size)
self.assertEqual(self.db.size(key=meta.key), size)
def test_save_empty_properties(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertEqual(meta.properties, {})
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertEqual(get_meta(meta).properties, {})
dbname = get_db_alias_for_partitioned_doc(meta.parent_id)
with connections[dbname].cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(
"SELECT id, properties FROM blobs_blobmeta WHERE id = %s",
[meta.id],
)
self.assertEqual(cursor.fetchall(), [(meta.id, None)])
def test_save_empty_properties(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertEqual(meta.properties, {})
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertEqual(get_meta(meta).properties, {})
dbname = get_db_alias_for_partitioned_doc(meta.parent_id)
with connections[dbname].cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(
"SELECT id, properties FROM blobs_blobmeta WHERE id = %s",
[meta.id],
)
self.assertEqual(cursor.fetchall(), [(meta.id, None)])
def test_bulk_delete(self):
metas = []
for name in "abc":
meta = new_meta(parent_id="parent", name=name)
meta.content_length = 0
metas.append(meta)
self.db.metadb.put(meta)
a, b, c = metas
self.db.metadb.bulk_delete([a, b])
for meta in [a, b]:
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
get_meta(c) # should not have been deleted
def test_bulk_delete(self):
metas = []
for name in "abc":
meta = new_meta(parent_id="parent", name=name)
meta.content_length = 0
metas.append(meta)
self.db.metadb.put(meta)
a, b, c = metas
self.db.metadb.bulk_delete([a, b])
for meta in [a, b]:
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
get_meta(c) # should not have been deleted
def test_bulk_delete(self):
metas = [
self.db.put(BytesIO("content-{}".format(key).encode('utf-8')),
meta=new_meta()) for key in ['test.5', 'test.6']
]
with capture_metrics() as metrics:
self.assertTrue(self.db.bulk_delete(metas=metas), 'delete failed')
self.assertEqual(metrics.sum("commcare.blobs.deleted.count"), 2)
self.assertEqual(metrics.sum("commcare.blobs.deleted.bytes"), 28)
for meta in metas:
with self.assertRaises(mod.NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
return metas
def test_bulk_delete(self):
metas = [
self.db.put(BytesIO("content-{}".format(key).encode('utf-8')), meta=new_meta())
for key in ['test.5', 'test.6']
]
with patch_datadog() as stats:
self.assertTrue(self.db.bulk_delete(metas=metas), 'delete failed')
self.assertEqual(sum(s for s in stats["commcare.blobs.deleted.count"]), 2)
self.assertEqual(sum(s for s in stats["commcare.blobs.deleted.bytes"]), 28)
for meta in metas:
with self.assertRaises(mod.NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
return metas
def test_1_very_big_blob(self):
number_of_1mb_blocks = ceil(self.memory / 1024**2) + 1
meta = self.db.put(MockBigBlobIO(self.mb_blocks(),
number_of_1mb_blocks),
meta=new_meta(domain=self.domain_name,
type_code=CODES.multimedia))
self.blob_metas.append(meta)
with NamedTemporaryFile() as out:
exporter = EXPORTERS['all_blobs'](self.domain_name)
exporter.migrate(out.name, force=True)
with tarfile.open(out.name, 'r:gz') as tgzfile:
self.assertEqual(set(tgzfile.getnames()),
{m.key
for m in self.blob_metas})
def iter_keys(parent_id, name, code):
args = {
"parent_id": parent_id,
"type_code": (CODES.form_xml if "badcode" in action else code),
"name": name,
"key": parent_id + "-" + name,
"content_length": 2,
}
if "dup" not in action:
args["created_on"] = RECEIVED_ON
meta = new_meta(**args)
yield parent_id, code, name
deprecated = "deprecated" in action
if deprecated:
form_id = get_new_id(parent_id)
yield form_id, code, name
else:
form_id = parent_id
attach(meta, form_id, orig_id=(parent_id if deprecated else None))
meta_count = 1
if action != "normal":
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"cx"), meta=meta)
meta_count += 1
if "old" in action:
assert deprecated, action
attach(meta, parent_id, deprecated_form_id=form_id)
if "dup" in action:
meta_count += 1
else:
assert "badcode" not in action, action
meta.delete()
if "x3" in action:
meta_count += 1
third_id = get_new_id(form_id)
attach(meta, third_id, deprecated_form_id=form_id)
yield third_id, code, name
db = get_db_alias_for_partitioned_doc(parent_id)
metas = (
list(BlobMeta.objects.using(db).filter(key=meta.key)) +
list(get_form_attachment_blob_metas_by_key(meta.key, db))
)
assert len(metas) == meta_count, (metas, action, meta_count)
def test_open(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with meta.open() as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
def test_is_image(self, content_type, result):
meta = new_meta(content_type=content_type)
self.assertEqual(meta.is_image, result)
def tearDown(self):
# new_meta always uses the same parent_id by default
metas = self.db.metadb.get_for_parent(new_meta().parent_id)
self.db.bulk_delete(metas=metas)
super(TestPartitionedMetaDB, self).tearDown()
def test_fall_back_to_fsdb(self):
meta = self.fsdb.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
def test_put(self):
with AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
meta = db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with self.db.get(key=meta.key) as fh:
self.assertEqual(fh.read(), b"content")
def test_save_properties(self):
meta = new_meta(properties={"mood": "Vangelis"})
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.assertEqual(get_meta(meta).properties, {"mood": "Vangelis"})
def test_put_failed(self):
with self.assertRaises(Boom), AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
meta = db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
raise Boom()
with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
def test_delete(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=meta)
self.db.delete(key=meta.key)
with self.assertRaises(BlobMeta.DoesNotExist):
get_meta(meta)
def test_delete_missing_meta(self):
meta = new_meta()
self.assertFalse(self.db.exists(key=meta.key))
# delete should not raise
self.db.metadb.delete(meta.key, 0)
def test_delete(self):
meta = self.db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())
with AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
db.delete(key=meta.key)
with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
self.db.get(key=meta.key)
def test_put_outside_context(self):
with AtomicBlobs(self.db) as db:
pass
with self.assertRaises(InvalidContext):
db.put(BytesIO(b"content"), meta=new_meta())