def test_euler_high_order():
# an example from hep-th/0309038
m = Symbol('m')
k = Symbol('k')
x = Function('x')
y = Function('y')
t = Symbol('t')
L = (m * diff(x(t), t)**2 / 2 + m * diff(y(t), t)**2 / 2 -
k * diff(x(t), t) * diff(y(t), t, t) +
k * diff(y(t), t) * diff(x(t), t, t))
assert euler(L, [x(t), y(t)]) == [
Eq(2 * k * diff(y(t), t, t, t) - m * diff(x(t), t, t)),
Eq(-2 * k * diff(x(t), t, t, t) - m * diff(y(t), t, t))
]
w = Symbol('w')
L = diff(x(t, w), t, w)**2 / 2
assert euler(L) == [Eq(diff(x(t, w), t, t, w, w))]
def test_ccode_Indexed_without_looking_for_contraction():
len_y = 5
y = IndexedBase('y', shape=(len_y, ))
x = IndexedBase('x', shape=(len_y, ))
Dy = IndexedBase('Dy', shape=(len_y - 1, ))
i = Idx('i', len_y - 1)
e = Eq(Dy[i], (y[i + 1] - y[i]) / (x[i + 1] - x[i]))
code0 = ccode(e.rhs, assign_to=e.lhs, contract=False)
assert code0 == 'Dy[i] = (y[%s] - y[i])/(x[%s] - x[i]);' % (i + 1, i + 1)
def test_piecewise_fold_piecewise_in_cond():
p1 = Piecewise((cos(x), x < 0), (0, True))
p2 = Piecewise((0, Eq(p1, 0)), (p1 / Abs(p1), True))
p3 = piecewise_fold(p2)
assert (p2.subs(x, -pi / 2) == 0.0)
assert (p2.subs(x, 1) == 0.0)
assert (p2.subs(x, -pi / 4) == 1.0)
p4 = Piecewise((0, Eq(p1, 0)), (1, True))
assert (piecewise_fold(p4) == Piecewise(
(0, Or(And(Eq(cos(x), 0), x < 0), Not(x < 0))), (1, True)))
r1 = 1 < Piecewise((1, x < 1), (3, True))
assert (piecewise_fold(r1) == Not(x < 1))
p5 = Piecewise((1, x < 0), (3, True))
p6 = Piecewise((1, x < 1), (3, True))
p7 = piecewise_fold(Piecewise((1, p5 < p6), (0, True)))
assert (Piecewise((1, And(Not(x < 1), x < 0)), (0, True)))
def test_univariate_relational_as_set():
assert (x > 0).as_set() == Interval(0, oo, True)
assert (x >= 0).as_set() == Interval(0, oo)
assert (x < 0).as_set() == Interval(-oo, 0, False, True)
assert (x <= 0).as_set() == Interval(-oo, 0)
assert Eq(x, 0).as_set() == FiniteSet(0)
assert Ne(x, 0).as_set() == Interval(-oo, 0, False, True) + Interval(0, oo, True)
assert (x**2 >= 4).as_set() == Interval(-oo, -2) + Interval(2, oo)
def runtest_autowrap_matrix_matrix(language, backend):
expr = Eq(C[i, j], A[i, k] * B[k, j])
matmat = autowrap(expr, language, backend)
# compare with numpy's dot product
M1 = numpy.random.rand(10, 20)
M2 = numpy.random.rand(20, 15)
M3 = numpy.dot(M1, M2)
assert numpy.sum(numpy.abs(M3 - matmat(M1, M2))) < 1e-13
def test_simplify():
assert simplify(x * (y + 1) - x * y - x + 1 < x) == (x > 1)
assert simplify(Integer(1) < -x) == (x < -1)
# issue sympy/sympy#10304
d = -(3 * 2**pi)**(1 / pi) + 2 * 3**(1 / pi)
assert d.is_real
assert simplify(Eq(1 + I * d, 0)) is False
assert simplify(Ne(1 + I * d, 0)) is True
def test_piecewise_fold_piecewise_in_cond():
p1 = Piecewise((cos(x), x < 0), (0, True))
p2 = Piecewise((0, Eq(p1, 0)), (p1 / abs(p1), True))
assert p2.subs({x: -pi / 2}) == 0.0
assert p2.subs({x: 1}) == 0.0
assert p2.subs({x: -pi / 4}) == 1.0
p4 = Piecewise((0, Eq(p1, 0)), (1, True))
assert (piecewise_fold(p4) == Piecewise(
(0, Or(And(Eq(cos(x), 0), x < 0), Not(x < 0))), (1, True)))
r1 = 1 < Piecewise((1, x < 1), (3, True))
assert (piecewise_fold(r1) == Not(x < 1))
p5 = Piecewise((1, x < 0), (3, True))
p6 = Piecewise((1, x < 1), (3, True))
p7 = piecewise_fold(Piecewise((1, p5 < p6), (0, True)))
assert p7
assert Piecewise((1, And(Not(x < 1), x < 0)), (0, True))
def test_python_relational():
assert python(Eq(x, y)) == 'e = Eq(x, y)'
assert python(Ge(x, y)) == "x = Symbol('x')\ny = Symbol('y')\ne = x >= y"
assert python(Le(x, y)) == "x = Symbol('x')\ny = Symbol('y')\ne = x <= y"
assert python(Gt(x, y)) == "x = Symbol('x')\ny = Symbol('y')\ne = x > y"
assert python(Lt(x, y)) == "x = Symbol('x')\ny = Symbol('y')\ne = x < y"
assert python(
Ne(x / (y + 1),
y**2)) in ['e = Ne(x/(1 + y), y**2)', 'e = Ne(x/(y + 1), y**2)']
def test_fcode_Indexed_without_looking_for_contraction():
len_y = 5
y = IndexedBase('y', shape=(len_y,))
x = IndexedBase('x', shape=(len_y,))
Dy = IndexedBase('Dy', shape=(len_y - 1,))
i = Idx('i', len_y - 1)
e = Eq(Dy[i], (y[i + 1] - y[i])/(x[i + 1] - x[i]))
code0 = fcode(e.rhs, assign_to=e.lhs, contract=False)
assert code0.endswith('Dy(i) = (y(i + 1) - y(i))/(x(i + 1) - x(i))')
def test_simplify_other():
assert simplify(sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2) == 1
assert simplify(gamma(x + 1)/gamma(x)) == x
assert simplify(sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2 + factorial(x)/gamma(x)) == 1 + x
assert simplify(
Eq(sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2, factorial(x)/gamma(x))) == Eq(x, 1)
nc = symbols('nc', commutative=False)
assert simplify(x + x*nc) == x*(1 + nc)
# issue sympy/sympy#6123
# f = exp(-I*(k*sqrt(t) + x/(2*sqrt(t)))**2)
# ans = integrate(f, (k, -oo, oo), conds='none')
ans = (I*(-pi*x*exp(-3*I*pi/4 + I*x**2/(4*t))*erf(x*exp(-3*I*pi/4) /
(2*sqrt(t)))/(2*sqrt(t)) + pi*x*exp(-3*I*pi/4 + I*x**2/(4*t)) /
(2*sqrt(t)))*exp(-I*x**2/(4*t))/(sqrt(pi)*x) - I*sqrt(pi) *
(-erf(x*exp(I*pi/4)/(2*sqrt(t))) + 1)*exp(I*pi/4)/(2*sqrt(t)))
assert simplify(ans) == -(-1)**Rational(3, 4)*sqrt(pi)/sqrt(t)
# issue sympy/sympy#6370
assert simplify(2**(2 + x)/4) == 2**x
def test_Eq():
assert Eq(x**2, 0) == Eq(x**2, 0)
assert Eq(x**2, 0) != Eq(x**2, 1)
assert Eq(x) == Eq(x, 0)
assert Eq(x, x) # issue sympy/sympy#5719
# issue sympy/sympy#6116
p = Symbol('p', positive=True)
assert Eq(p, 0) is false
def test_autowrap_args():
pytest.raises(CodeGenArgumentListError,
lambda: autowrap(Eq(z, x + y), backend='dummy', args=(x,)))
f = autowrap(Eq(z, x + y), backend='dummy', args=(y, x))
assert f() == str(x + y)
assert f.args == 'y, x'
assert f.returns == 'z'
pytest.raises(CodeGenArgumentListError,
lambda: autowrap(Eq(z, x + y + z), backend='dummy', args=(x, y)))
f = autowrap(Eq(z, x + y + z), backend='dummy', args=(y, x, z))
assert f() == str(x + y + z)
assert f.args == 'y, x, z'
assert f.returns == 'z'
f = autowrap(Eq(z, x + y + z), backend='dummy', args=(y, x, z))
assert f() == str(x + y + z)
assert f.args == 'y, x, z'
assert f.returns == 'z'
def test_deltasummation_mul_add_x_y_add_y_kd():
assert ds((x + y) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, 3)) == Piecewise(
(3 * (x + y) * y + x + y, And(Integer(1) <= i, i <= 3)),
(3 * (x + y) * y, True))
assert ds((x + y)*(y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, 1)) == \
Piecewise(((x + y)*y + x + y, Eq(i, 1)), ((x + y)*y, True))
assert ds((x + y)*(y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 2, 2)) == \
Piecewise(((x + y)*y + x + y, Eq(i, 2)), ((x + y)*y, True))
assert ds((x + y)*(y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 3, 3)) == \
Piecewise(((x + y)*y + x + y, Eq(i, 3)), ((x + y)*y, True))
assert ds((x + y) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, k)) == Piecewise(
(k * (x + y) * y + x + y, And(Integer(1) <= i, i <= k)),
(k * (x + y) * y, True))
assert ds((x + y) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, k, 3)) == Piecewise(
((4 - k) * (x + y) * y + x + y, And(k <= i, i <= 3)),
((4 - k) * (x + y) * y, True))
assert ds((x + y) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, k, l)) == Piecewise(
((l - k + 1) * (x + y) * y + x + y, And(k <= i, i <= l)),
((l - k + 1) * (x + y) * y, True))
def test_matexpr():
assert (x*A).shape == A.shape
assert (x*A).__class__ == MatMul
assert 2*A - A - A == ZeroMatrix(*A.shape)
assert (A*B).shape == (n, l)
assert A.equals(ZeroMatrix(3, 3)) is None
# issue diofant/diofant#469
expr = Eq(C, D)
assert simplify(expr) == expr
def runtest_ufuncify(language, backend):
a, b, c = symbols('a b c')
if backend == 'numpy':
pytest.raises(ValueError, lambda: ufuncify((a, b), Eq(b, a + b), backend=backend))
pytest.raises(ValueError, lambda: ufuncify((a, b, c), [Eq(b, a), Eq(c, a**2)], backend=backend))
helpers = [('helper', a*b, (a, b)), ('spam', sin(a), (a,))]
fabc = ufuncify((a, b, c), a*b + c, backend=backend)
fabc_2 = ufuncify((a, b, c), a*b + c, backend=backend, helpers=helpers)
facb = ufuncify((a, c, b), a*b + c, backend=backend)
grid = numpy.linspace(-2, 2, 50)
b = numpy.linspace(-5, 4, 50)
c = numpy.linspace(-1, 1, 50)
expected = grid*b + c
numpy.testing.assert_allclose(fabc(grid, b, c), expected)
numpy.testing.assert_allclose(fabc_2(grid, b, c), expected)
numpy.testing.assert_allclose(facb(grid, c, b), expected)
def test_deltasummation_mul_add_x_kd_add_y_kd():
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, 3)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, And(Integer(1) <= i, i <= 3)), (0, True)) +
3 * (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, 1)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, Eq(i, 1)), (0, True)) + (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 2, 2)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, Eq(i, 2)), (0, True)) + (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 3, 3)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, Eq(i, 3)), (0, True)) + (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, 1, k)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, And(Integer(1) <= i, i <= k)), (0, True)) +
k * (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, k, 3)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, And(k <= i, i <= 3)), (0, True)) + (4 - k) *
(Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
assert ds((x + Kd(i, k)) * (y + Kd(i, j)), (j, k, l)) == piecewise_fold(
Piecewise((Kd(i, k) + x, And(k <= i, i <= l)), (0, True)) +
(l - k + 1) * (Kd(i, k) + x) * y)
def runtest_autowrap_matrix_vector(language, backend):
x, y = symbols('x y', cls=IndexedBase)
expr = Eq(y[i], A[i, j] * x[j])
mv = autowrap(expr, language, backend)
# compare with numpy's dot product
M = numpy.random.rand(10, 20)
x = numpy.random.rand(20)
y = numpy.dot(M, x)
assert numpy.sum(numpy.abs(y - mv(M, x))) < 1e-13
def test_pde_1st_linear_constant_coeff():
f, F = map(Function, ['f', 'F'])
u = f(x, y)
eq = -2 * u.diff(x) + 4 * u.diff(y) + 5 * u - exp(x + 3 * y)
sol = pdsolve(eq)
assert sol == Eq(f(
x, y), (F(4 * x + 2 * y) + exp(x / Integer(2) + 4 * y) / Integer(15)) *
exp(x / Integer(2) - y))
assert classify_pde(eq) == ('1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral')
assert checkpdesol(eq, sol)[0]
eq = (u.diff(x) / u) + (u.diff(y) / u) + 1 - (exp(x + y) / u)
sol = pdsolve(eq)
assert sol == Eq(f(x, y),
F(x - y) * exp(-x / 2 - y / 2) + exp(x + y) / Integer(3))
assert classify_pde(eq) == ('1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral')
assert checkpdesol(eq, sol)[0]
eq = 2 * u + -u.diff(x) + 3 * u.diff(y) + sin(x)
sol = pdsolve(eq)
assert sol == Eq(
f(x, y),
F(3 * x + y) * exp(x / Integer(5) - 3 * y / Integer(5)) -
2 * sin(x) / Integer(5) - cos(x) / Integer(5))
assert classify_pde(eq) == ('1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral')
assert checkpdesol(eq, sol)[0]
eq = u + u.diff(x) + u.diff(y) + x * y
sol = pdsolve(eq)
assert sol == Eq(
f(x, y),
-x * y + x + y + F(x - y) * exp(-x / Integer(2) - y / Integer(2)) - 2)
assert classify_pde(eq) == ('1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral')
assert checkpdesol(eq, sol)[0]
eq = u + u.diff(x) + u.diff(y) + log(x)
assert classify_pde(eq) == ('1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral')
def test_geometric_sums():
assert summation(pi**n, (n, 0, b)) == (1 - pi**(b + 1)) / (1 - pi)
assert summation(2 * 3**n, (n, 0, b)) == 3**(b + 1) - 1
assert summation(Rational(1, 2)**n, (n, 1, oo)) == 1
assert summation(2**n, (n, 0, b)) == 2**(b + 1) - 1
assert summation(2**n, (n, 1, oo)) == oo
assert summation(2**(-n), (n, 1, oo)) == 1
assert summation(3**(-n), (n, 4, oo)) == Rational(1, 54)
assert summation(2**(-4 * n + 3), (n, 1, oo)) == Rational(8, 15)
assert summation(2**(n + 1), (n, 1, b)) == 2 * 2**(b + 1) - 4
# issue sympy/sympy#7097
assert sum(x**n / n
for n in range(1, 401)) == summation(x**n / n, (n, 1, 400))
# issue sympy/sympy#6664:
assert summation(x**n, (n, 0, oo)) == Piecewise(
(1 / (-x + 1), abs(x) < 1), (Sum(x**n, (n, 0, oo)), True))
assert summation(-2**n, (n, 0, oo)) == -oo
assert summation(I**n, (n, 0, oo)) == Sum(I**n, (n, 0, oo))
# issue sympy/sympy#6802:
assert summation((-1)**(2 * x + 2), (x, 0, n)) == n + 1
assert summation((-2)**(2 * x + 2),
(x, 0, n)) == 4 * 4**(n + 1) / 3 - Rational(4, 3)
assert summation((-1)**x, (x, 0, n)) == -(-1)**(n + 1) / 2 + Rational(1, 2)
assert summation(y**x, (x, a, b)) == Piecewise(
(-a + b + 1, Eq(y, 1)), ((y**a - y**(b + 1)) / (-y + 1), True))
assert summation((-2)**(y * x + 2), (x, 0, n)) == 4 * Piecewise(
(n + 1, Eq(
(-2)**y, 1)), ((-(-2)**(y * (n + 1)) + 1) / (-(-2)**y + 1), True))
# issue sympy/sympy#8251:
assert summation((1 / (n + 1)**2) * n**2, (n, 0, oo)) == oo
# issue sympy/sympy#9908:
assert Sum(1 / (n**3 - 1),
(n, -oo, -2)) == summation(1 / (n**3 - 1), (n, -oo, -2))
# issue sympy/sympy#11642:
assert summation(0.5**n, (n, 1, oo)) == Float('1.0', dps=15)
def test_multiple_normal():
X, Y = Normal('x', 0, 1), Normal('y', 0, 1)
assert E(X + Y) == 0
assert variance(X + Y) == 2
assert variance(X + X) == 4
assert covariance(X, Y) == 0
assert covariance(2*X + Y, -X) == -2*variance(X)
assert skewness(X) == 0
assert skewness(X + Y) == 0
assert correlation(X, Y) == 0
assert correlation(X, X + Y) == correlation(X, X - Y)
assert moment(X, 2) == 1
assert cmoment(X, 3) == 0
assert moment(X + Y, 4) == 12
assert cmoment(X, 2) == variance(X)
assert smoment(X*X, 2) == 1
assert smoment(X + Y, 3) == skewness(X + Y)
assert E(X, Eq(X + Y, 0)) == 0
assert variance(X, Eq(X + Y, 0)) == Rational(1, 2)
def test_triangular():
a = Symbol('a')
b = Symbol('b')
c = Symbol('c')
X = Triangular('x', a, b, c)
assert density(X)(x) == Piecewise(
((2*x - 2*a)/((-a + b)*(-a + c)), And(a <= x, x < c)),
(2/(-a + b), Eq(x, c)),
((-2*x + 2*b)/((-a + b)*(b - c)), And(x <= b, c < x)),
(0, True))
def test_sympyissue_4527():
k, m = symbols('k m', integer=True)
assert integrate(sin(k * x) * sin(m * x), (x, 0, pi)) == Piecewise(
(0, And(Eq(k, 0), Eq(m, 0))), (-pi / 2, Eq(k, -m)), (pi / 2, Eq(k, m)),
(0, True))
assert integrate(sin(k * x) * sin(m * x), (x, )) == Piecewise(
(0, And(Eq(k, 0), Eq(m, 0))),
(-x * sin(m * x)**2 / 2 - x * cos(m * x)**2 / 2 +
sin(m * x) * cos(m * x) / (2 * m), Eq(k, -m)),
(x * sin(m * x)**2 / 2 + x * cos(m * x)**2 / 2 -
sin(m * x) * cos(m * x) / (2 * m), Eq(k, m)),
(m * sin(k * x) * cos(m * x) /
(k**2 - m**2) - k * sin(m * x) * cos(k * x) / (k**2 - m**2), True))
def test_Eq():
assert Eq(Interval(0, 1), Interval(0, 1))
assert Eq(Interval(0, 1), Union(Interval(2, 3),
Interval(4, 5))).is_Equality
assert Eq(Interval(0, 1), Interval(0, 2)) is S.false
s1 = FiniteSet(0, 1)
s2 = FiniteSet(1, 2)
assert Eq(s1, s1)
assert Eq(s1, s2) is S.false
assert Eq(FiniteSet(1, 2), FiniteSet(3, 4, 5)) is S.false
assert Eq(s1*s2, s1*s2)
assert Eq(s1*s2, s2*s1) is S.false
p1 = ProductSet(FiniteSet(1), FiniteSet(2))
assert Eq(p1, s1).is_Equality
p2 = ProductSet(FiniteSet(1), FiniteSet(2), FiniteSet(3))
assert Eq(p1, p2) is S.false
def plot_and_save(name):
# implicit plot tests
plot_implicit(Eq(y, cos(x)), (x, -5, 5), (y, -2, 2)).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Eq(y**2, x**3 - x), (x, -5, 5), (y, -4, 4),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y > 1 / x, (x, -5, 5), (y, -2, 2),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y < 1 / tan(x), (x, -5, 5), (y, -2, 2),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y >= 2 * sin(x) * cos(x), (x, -5, 5), (y, -2, 2),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y <= x**2, (x, -3, 3), (y, -1, 5),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Or(And(x < y, x > y**2),
sin(y) > x), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Or(And(x < y, x > y**2), sin(y)),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Or(x < y, sin(x) >= y), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
# Test all input args for plot_implicit
plot_implicit(Eq(y**2, x**3 - x), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Eq(y**2, x**3 - x), adaptive=False,
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Eq(y**2, x**3 - x), adaptive=False, points=500,
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y > x, (x, -5, 5), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(And(y > exp(x), y > x + 2), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(Or(y > x, y > -x), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(x**2 - 1, (x, -5, 5), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(x**2 - 1, show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y > x, depth=-5, show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y > x, depth=5, show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y > cos(x), adaptive=False, show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y < cos(x), adaptive=False, show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
plot_implicit(y - cos(pi / x), show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
pytest.raises(ValueError, lambda: plot_implicit(y > x, (x, -1, 1, 2)))
# issue sympy/sympy#17719
plot_implicit(((x - 1)**2 + y**2 < 2) ^ ((x + 1)**2 + y**2 < 2),
show=False).save(tmp_file(name))
def test_dice():
# TODO: Make iid method!
X, Y, Z = Die('X', 6), Die('Y', 6), Die('Z', 6)
a, b = symbols('a b')
assert E(X) == 3 + S.Half
assert variance(X) == Rational(35, 12)
assert E(X + Y) == 7
assert E(X + X) == 7
assert E(a * X + b) == a * E(X) + b
assert variance(X + Y) == variance(X) + variance(Y) == cmoment(X + Y, 2)
assert variance(X + X) == 4 * variance(X) == cmoment(X + X, 2)
assert cmoment(X, 0) == 1
assert cmoment(4 * X, 3) == 64 * cmoment(X, 3)
assert covariance(X, Y) == S.Zero
assert covariance(X, X + Y) == variance(X)
assert density(Eq(cos(X * S.Pi), 1))[True] == S.Half
assert correlation(X, Y) == 0
assert correlation(X, Y) == correlation(Y, X)
assert smoment(X + Y, 3) == skewness(X + Y)
assert smoment(X, 0) == 1
assert P(X > 3) == S.Half
assert P(2 * X > 6) == S.Half
assert P(X > Y) == Rational(5, 12)
assert P(Eq(X, Y)) == P(Eq(X, 1))
assert E(X, X > 3) == 5 == moment(X, 1, 0, X > 3)
assert E(X, Y > 3) == E(X) == moment(X, 1, 0, Y > 3)
assert E(X + Y, Eq(X, Y)) == E(2 * X)
assert moment(X, 0) == 1
assert moment(5 * X, 2) == 25 * moment(X, 2)
assert P(X > 3, X > 3) == S.One
assert P(X > Y, Eq(Y, 6)) == S.Zero
assert P(Eq(X + Y, 12)) == S.One / 36
assert P(Eq(X + Y, 12), Eq(X, 6)) == S.One / 6
assert density(X + Y) == density(Y + Z) != density(X + X)
d = density(2 * X + Y**Z)
assert d[Integer(22)] == S.One / 108 and d[Integer(
4100)] == S.One / 216 and Integer(3130) not in d
assert pspace(X).domain.as_boolean() == Or(
*[Eq(X.symbol, i) for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]])
assert where(X > 3).set == FiniteSet(4, 5, 6)
def test_dependence():
X, Y = Die('X'), Die('Y')
assert independent(X, 2*Y)
assert not dependent(X, 2*Y)
X, Y = Normal('X', 0, 1), Normal('Y', 0, 1)
assert independent(X, Y)
assert dependent(X, 2*X)
# Create a dependency
XX, YY = given(Tuple(X, Y), Eq(X + Y, 3))
assert dependent(XX, YY)
def test_pdsolve_all():
f, F = map(Function, ['f', 'F'])
u = f(x, y)
eq = u + u.diff(x) + u.diff(y) + x**2*y
sol = pdsolve(eq, hint='all')
keys = ['1st_linear_constant_coeff',
'1st_linear_constant_coeff_Integral', 'default', 'order']
assert sorted(sol) == keys
assert sol['order'] == 1
assert sol['default'] == '1st_linear_constant_coeff'
assert sol['1st_linear_constant_coeff'] == Eq(f(x, y),
-x**2*y + x**2 + 2*x*y - 4*x - 2*y + F(x - y)*exp(-x/Integer(2) - y/Integer(2)) + 6)
def test_heurisch_wrapper():
f = 1 / (y + x)
assert heurisch_wrapper(f, x) == log(x + y)
f = 1 / (y - x)
assert heurisch_wrapper(f, x) == -log(x - y)
f = 1 / ((y - x) * (y + x))
assert heurisch_wrapper(f, x) == \
Piecewise((1/x, Eq(y, 0)), (log(x + y)/2/y - log(x - y)/2/y, True))
# issue sympy/sympy#6926
f = sqrt(x**2 / ((y - x) * (y + x)))
assert heurisch_wrapper(f, x) == x*sqrt(x**2)*sqrt(1/(-x**2 + y**2)) \
- y**2*sqrt(x**2)*sqrt(1/(-x**2 + y**2))/x
def test_cython_wrapper_inoutarg():
code_gen = CythonCodeWrapper(CCodeGen())
routine = make_routine('test', Eq(z, x + y + z))
source = get_string(code_gen.dump_pyx, [routine])
expected = ("cdef extern from 'file.h':\n"
' void test(double x, double y, double *z)\n'
'\n'
'def test_c(double x, double y, double z):\n'
'\n'
' test(x, y, &z)\n'
' return z')
assert source == expected
def test_heurisch_symbolic_coeffs_1130():
y = Symbol('y')
assert heurisch_wrapper(1 / (x**2 + y), x) == Piecewise(
(-1 / x, Eq(y, 0)),
(-I * log(x - I * sqrt(y)) / (2 * sqrt(y)) + I * log(x + I * sqrt(y)) /
(2 * sqrt(y)), True))
y = Symbol('y', positive=True)
assert heurisch_wrapper(1 / (x**2 + y), x) in [
I / sqrt(y) * log(x + sqrt(-y)) / 2 -
I / sqrt(y) * log(x - sqrt(-y)) / 2, I * log(x + I * sqrt(y)) /
(2 * sqrt(y)) - I * log(x - I * sqrt(y)) / (2 * sqrt(y))
]
def test_equality_subs2():
f = Function('f')
x = abc.x
eq = Eq(f(x)**2, 16)
assert bool(eq.subs({f(x): 3})) is False
assert bool(eq.subs({f(x): 4})) is True
def test_equality_subs1():
f = Function('f')
x = abc.x
eq = Eq(f(x)**2, x)
res = Eq(Integer(16), x)
assert eq.subs({f(x): 4}) == res