def __init__(self, app, username, password, debug_dir=None):
self.app = app
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.debug_dir = debug_dir
self.session = dryscrape.Session()
self.session_sub_cat = dryscrape.Session()
if self.debug_dir:
if not os.path.exists(self.debug_dir):
os.mkdir(self.debug_dir)
def readDIs(self, sleeptime, session_time):
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.set_timeout(session_time)
url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/login.cgi?webpwd=Admin&Submit=Submit'
try:
session.visit(url)
time.sleep(sleeptime)
self.link = True
self.timestamp = time.time()
except:
newError = 'Destination Host Unreachable ' + self.name + ' IP: ' + self.ip
if newError not in self.ERRORS:
logger.warning(newError)
self.ERRORS[newError] = time.time()
return False
response = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
cDIs = soup.findAll(id=re.compile('DI\d+'))
self.currentDIs = []
for DI in cDIs:
if DI.text == 'ON':
self.currentDIs.append(1)
else:
self.currentDIs.append(0)
return True
def findImdbUrl(movie_title, movie_writer):
dryscrape.start_xvfb()
session = dryscrape.Session()
link = "http://www.imdb.com/find?q=" + urllib.quote(movie_title) + "&s=all"
session.visit(link)
response = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response)
div = soup.find(lambda tag: tag.name == 'div' and tag.has_key('class') and
tag['class'] == 'findSection')
if (div):
div_content = "".join([unicode(x) for x in div.contents])
title_search = re.compile('/title/tt\d+')
search_results = re.findall(title_search, div_content)
for movie_url in search_results:
try:
names = extractPeopleBehind("http://www.imdb.com" + movie_url +
"/")
if not set(movie_writer).isdisjoint(names):
return "http://www.imdb.com" + movie_url + "/"
#soup_search = BeautifulSoup(resp_search)
#people_behind = soup_search.findall(lambda tag: tag.name=='div' and tag.has_key('class') and tag['class']=='credit_summary_item')
#for people in people_behind: print people.text
except:
pass
return None
def get_many_usernames(artist_urls, verbose=0):
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
t1 = time.time()
count = 0
for url in artist_urls:
username_urls = []
session.visit(url)
time.sleep(1)
page = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(page)
usernames = soup.find_all(class_="username")
for un in usernames:
username_urls.append(un.a.get('href'))
slidernames = soup.find_all(class_="nowslider_name")
for sn in slidernames:
username_urls.append(sn.get('href'))
#slightly minimize repeats
#(not all of them, though, so do this again later!)
username_urls = set(username_urls)
with open("username_urls2.txt", 'a') as uuf:
for uu in username_urls:
uuf.write(uu + "\n")
if verbose > 0:
print count,
print "elapsed seconds:", time.time() - t1
sys.stdout.flush()
count += 1
def read_DIs(ip, name, normal_state):
session = dryscrape.Session()
url = 'http://' + ip + '/login.cgi?webpwd=Admin&Submit=Submit'
print("")
print(name + ' - ' + time.ctime())
session.visit(url)
time.sleep(0.1)
response = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
DIs = soup.findAll(id=re.compile('DI\d+'))
sensors = ["220V", "SMOK", "MUXL", "DOOR", "", ""]
i = 0
for DI in DIs:
if DI.text != '-':
if DI.text == 'ON':
DIT = 1
else:
DIT = 0
if str(DIT) != normal_state[i]:
STATE = "ALARM"
else:
STATE = "OK"
if i < 4:
print('DI' + str(i) + ' ' + sensors[i] + ' ' + str(DIT) + ' ' +
normal_state[i] + ' ' + STATE)
i = i + 1
return
def getAd(url):
url = "https:" + url
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
res = session.body()
print(url)
return BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser").find(id="adview")
def get_jobs(url):
ret = {}
jobs = []
rake_object = rake.Rake(
"/root/freshack/Jobscraper/freshdeskhack/SmartStoplist.txt", 3, 2, 1)
dryscrape.start_xvfb()
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
html_page = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_page, 'lxml')
master_tag = soup.find_all("div", class_="fd-posdesc")
for tag in master_tag:
job = {}
job["title"] = tag.h3.string
div_list = tag.find_all("div")
job_desc = ""
for childdiv in div_list:
text = childdiv.string
if text:
job_desc = job_desc + text
keywords = rake_object.run(job_desc)
words = []
for word in keywords:
if "year" not in word[0]:
words.append(word[0])
else:
job["experience"] = word[0]
job["keywords"] = words
jobs.append(job)
ret["jobs"] = jobs
return json.dumps(ret)
def hasPopUpWindow(self):
"""
This method uses dryscrape which imlements webkit and can scrape a web page for Javascript has well as HTML.
javascript has alert,confirm,prompt,window.open methods
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
retVal = 0
try:
sess = dryscrape.Session()
sess.visit(self.url)
response = sess.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response)
data = soup.find('script')
for tag in soup.findAll('script'):
stringTag = str(tag)
matchObj = re.search(
r'.*open\(|alert\(|confirm\(|prompt\(.*',
stringTag) # look for alert,confirm,prompt,open
if matchObj:
retVal = 1
else:
retVal = -1
except:
printFormat("exc", "hasPopUpWindow", "Pop up window exception")
self.phishScore['popUpWindow'] = retVal
return retVal
def __init__(self, uri, soup=True):
if not uri.startswith('http'):
uri = 'http://{0}'.format(uri)
data_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'data')
url_parts = urlparse(uri)
local_page = url_parts.netloc
page = url_parts.path if url_parts.path else '/'
base_url = '{0}://{1}'.format(url_parts.scheme, url_parts.netloc)
if url_parts.path:
local_page += '-' + os.path.basename(url_parts.path)
if url_parts.query:
local_page += '-' + url_parts.query.replace('=', '-')
page = '{0}?{1}'.format(page, url_parts.query)
try:
f = open(os.path.join(data_path, local_page), 'r')
data = f.read()
f.close()
except IOError, e:
sess = dryscrape.Session(base_url=base_url)
sess.set_attribute('auto_load_images', True)
sess.visit(page)
data = sess.driver.body()
local_file = os.path.join(data_path, local_page)
with open(local_file, 'w') as data_file:
data_file.write(data.encode('utf-8'))
def scrape_Taobao_dev(url, alertPrice, getName, getIsPriceUnder):
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
response = session.body()
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response, "html.parser")
try:
price = float(soup.find(id='J_PromoPriceNum').getText())
except AttributeError as error:
price = float(
soup.find('input', {
'name': 'current_price'
}).get('value'))
#print(price)
if getName and (not getIsPriceUnder):
name = str.strip(
soup.find("h3", {
"class": "tb-main-title"
}).getText())
return name
elif getIsPriceUnder and (not (getName)):
if price <= alertPrice:
return True
else:
return False
elif getName and getIsPriceUnder:
if price <= alertPrice:
return (name, True)
else:
return (name, False)
def createSession(crawlingWebsite):
print "\nCrawler Initiated. Searching in '" + crawlingWebsite + "' for domains.\n\n"
dryscrape.start_xvfb()
#Begin new session with loaded scripts
try:
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(crawlingWebsite)
response = session.body()
#Reset session for handling memory issues
session.reset()
except InvalidResponseError as e:
print "Cannot open " + crawlingWebsite + "\n"
print 'InvalidResponseError:', e
quit()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response, "html.parser")
#Searches for hyperrefs in a page. This is the hardcoded bit.
#Searching for items is webpage-specific. For a different website, please refer to its HTML content
#to find out which tags are needed to obtain a list of domains if any.
tableFound = soup.findAll("a", {"target": "_blank"})
if len(tableFound) == 0:
print "Nothing found. Terminating crawler."
quit()
else:
for row in tableFound:
#Add found domains to the list of sites
siteList.append(row.get('href'))
def postear_en_twitter(mensaje):
if 'linux' in sys.platform:
dryscrape.start_xvfb()
sess = dryscrape.Session(base_url = 'https://www.twitter.com')
sess.set_header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:41.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/41.0")
# True = muestra imágenes
# False = oculta las imágenes
sess.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
email='Escribe tu correo de twitter' # Debe de ir entrecomillado
password='******' # Debe de ir entrecomillado
try:
sess.visit('/')
q = sess.at_xpath('//*[@id="doc"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/form/div[1]/input')
q.set(email)
q = sess.at_xpath('//*[@id="doc"]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/form/div[2]/input')
q.set(password)
q.form().submit()
q=sess.at_xpath('//*[@id="tweet-box-home-timeline"]')
q.click()
q=sess.at_xpath('/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div/form/div[2]/textarea')
q.set(mensaje)
q = sess.at_xpath('//*[@id="timeline"]/div[2]/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/button')
q.click()
sleep(1)
# sess.render('twitter.png')
except Exception as e:
print (e)
class Nykaa():
url = "https://www.makeupalley.com/product/showreview.asp/ItemId=192371/Daily-Superfoliant/Dermalogica/Scrubs"
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
page = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser")
data = soup.find("div", {"id": "reviews-wrapper"})
xyz = []
for item in data.findAll("div", {"class": "comments"}):
dict = {}
dict['author'] = item.find("div", {
"class": "user-name"
}).find("p").find(text=True).strip('\t')
dict['date'] = item.find("div", {
"class": "date"
}).find("p").text.strip('on')
dict['user_details'] = item.find("div", {
"class": "important"
}).find("p").find(text=True)
dict['comment'] = item.find("div", {
"class": "comment-content"
}).find("p").find(text=True)
xyz.append(dict)
print(xyz)
class Adorebeauty(object):
url = "https://www.adorebeauty.com.au/dermalogica/dermalogica-daily-superfoliant.html"
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
page = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "html.parser")
analyzer = SentimentIntensityAnalyzer()
data = soup.find("div", {"id": "customer-reviews"})
xyz = []
for item in data.findAll("div", {"itemprop": "review"}):
dict = {}
dict['user'] = item.find("span", {
"itemprop": "author"
}).find(text=True)
dict['review_title'] = item.find("span", {
"class": "review-title"
}).find(text=True)
dict['date'] = item.find("span", {"class": "date"}).find(text=True)
dict['comments'] = item.find("p", {
"itemprop": "description"
}).find(text=True)
vs = analyzer.polarity_scores(dict['comment'])
#print(str(vs))
dict['sentiment'] = str(vs)
xyz.append(dict)
return xyz
def fetch_page(self, url):
corrected_url = url
if not url.startswith("http://") and not url.startswith("https://"):
corrected_url = "http://{u}".format(u=url)
self.logger.debug("Fetching page: {u}".format(u = corrected_url))
cache = get_page_cache()
cached_content = cache.get_cached_content(corrected_url)
if cached_content:
self.logger.debug("Page served from cache")
return cached_content
if not self._can_fetch(corrected_url):
self.logger.warn("Unable to fetch, disallowed by robots.txt")
raise FetchException("Disallowed by robots.txt")
try:
parsed_url = urlparse.urlparse(url)
base_url = parsed_url.scheme + "://" + parsed_url.hostname
path = parsed_url.path
sess = dryscrape.Session(base_url=base_url)
sess.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
sess.visit(path)
content = sess.body()
cache.save_content(corrected_url, content)
return content
except Exception as e:
raise FetchException("Failed to load the page", e)
def __init__(self, p_from=0, p_to=10000):
self.__session = dryscrape.Session()
self.__main = "http://auto.ria.com"
self.db = sqlite3.connect('cars.db',timeout=1).cursor()
try:
self.db.execute('''CREATE TABLE cars (name test, price integer, currency text, url text)''')
except:
print "Couldn't create new table"
params = {
'target': 'search',
'event': 'little',
'category_id':1,
'bodystyle[0]':3,
'bodystyle[1]':4,
'bodystyle[2]':6,
'chooseTypeSearchAuto':'oldAutos',
'marka':58,
'model':0,
'state':0,
's_yers':2004,
'po_yers':0,
'price_ot':p_from,
'price_do':p_to,
'currency':1
}
self.__params = urllib.urlencode(params)
def get_pgo_events(request):
# eventos:
# events-list__event__date__day : clase para los días (span)
# events-list__event__date__month : clase para el mes
# events-list__event__content (CONTENIDO, DIVIDIO POR TITULO Y TEXTO)
# events-list__event__title : clase para el título del evento
# events-list__event__body : cuerpo / descripción del evento
sess = dryscrape.Session()
sess.visit('https://pokemongolive.com/en/events/')
body = sess.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(body, features="lxml")
dias = list(soup.find_all('span', class_='events-list__event__date__day'))
meses = list(
soup.find_all('span', class_='events-list__event__date__month'))
titulos = list(soup.find_all('div', class_='events-list__event__title'))
descripciones = list(
soup.find_all('div', class_='events-list__event__body'))
if dias and meses and titulos and descripciones:
for i in range(5):
if not Event.objects.filter(days=dias[i].text,
title=titulos[i].text).exists():
Event.objects.create(title=titulos[i].text,
description=descripciones[i].text,
days=dias[i].text + ' ' + meses[i].text)
return HttpResponse('Got them!')
def getResumen(soup, url):
# session = dryscrape.Session()
# session.visit(url)
# response = session.body()
# soup = BeautifulSoup(response)
htmlResumen = soup.find_all(class_='adp-summary')
while (len(htmlResumen) == 0):
print 'Error el resumen esta vacio. Esperamos 15 segundos para proseguir'
time.sleep(15)
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
response = session.body()
soupinterno = BeautifulSoup(response)
htmlResumen = soupinterno.find_all(class_='adp-summary')
del soupinterno
del response
del session
resumenParseado = parseaResumen(str(htmlResumen[0]))
resumenParseadaJSON = {
'distancia': resumenParseado[
0], #TODO meter esta distancia en km para así poder hacer los cálculos de las medias sin morirnos en el intento
'tiempo': resumenParseado[
1] #TODO meter el tiempo en minutos para así poder hacer los cálculos de las medias sin morirnos en el intento
}
return json.dumps(resumenParseadaJSON)
def onMouseOver(self):
"""
This method looks for the on mouse over re-writing of links in the status bar. This type of ruse has become less
effective as browsers usually ignore this.
"""
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
retVal = 0
try:
sess = dryscrape.Session()
sess.visit(self.url)
response = sess.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response)
for tag in soup.findAll('a'):
if tag.has_attr('onmouseover'):
match = re.search(r'window.status', tag['onmouseover'])
if match:
retVal = 1
else:
retVal = -1
if tag.has_attr('href'): #matches the href=javascript tag
hrefMatch = re.search(r'javascript', tag['href'])
if hrefMatch:
retVal = 1
else:
retVal = -1
except:
printFormat("exc", "onMouseOver", "On mouse over exception")
self.phishScore['onMouseOver'] = retVal
return retVal
def getRuta(soup, url):
# session = dryscrape.Session()
# session.visit(url)
# response = session.body()
# soup = BeautifulSoup(response)
htmlRuta = soup.find_all(class_='adp-directions')
while (len(htmlRuta) == 0):
print 'Error la ruta esta vacio. Esperamos 15 segundos para proseguir y repetimos'
time.sleep(15)
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
response = session.body()
soupinterno = BeautifulSoup(response)
htmlRuta = soupinterno.find_all(class_='adp-summary')
del soupinterno
del response
del session
rutaParseada = ruta(str(htmlRuta[0]))
rutaPorPasosJSON = []
for paso in rutaParseada:
if 'El destino' in paso[1]:
paso[1] = paso[1].replace('El destino', '. El destino')
pasoJSON = {
'numero_paso': paso[0].replace('.', ''),
'descripcion_recorrido': paso[1],
'distancia_recorrida': paso[2]
}
rutaPorPasosJSON.append(pasoJSON)
return json.dumps(rutaPorPasosJSON)
def find(self, string):
url = "https://duckduckgo.com/?q=procon.org"
for word in string.split(" "):
url += "+" + word
url += "&t=h_&ia=web"
website_string = requests.get(url).text
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
website_string = session.body()
search_results = re.findall('<span class="result__url__domain">(.*?)</span>', website_string, flags=re.DOTALL)
base_url = search_results[0]
links = re.findall("<a.*?newblue-get-started-(.*?)'", requests.get(base_url).text)
self.background_url = base_url
if links != []:
self.argument_url = base_url + links[1]
else:
self.argument_url = base_url
def listMovieScripts():
dryscrape.start_xvfb()
session = dryscrape.Session()
imsdbLink = "http://www.imsdb.com/all scripts/"
session.visit(imsdbLink)
webContent = session.body()
bs = BeautifulSoup(webContent)
movies = bs.findAll(lambda tag: tag.name=='p')
links = {}
writers = {}
for movie in movies:
#<p><a href="/Movie Scripts/Boyhood Script.html" title="Boyhood Script">Boyhood</a> (Undated Draft)<br><i>Written by Richard Linklater</i><br></p>
movie_title = movie.find(lambda tag: tag.name=='a').text
if (movie_title.endswith(", The")): movie_title = "The " + movie_title.replace(", The", "")
movie_url = "http://www.imsdb.com" + urllib.quote(movie.find(lambda tag: tag.name=='a').get("href"))
movie_writer = movie.find(lambda tag: tag.name=='i').text
movie_writer = movie_writer.replace("Written by ", "")
movie_writer_list = getlastNames(movie_writer.split(","))
#print movie_title, movie_url, movie_writer_list
links[movie_title] = movie_url
writers[movie_title] = movie_writer_list
return (links, writers)
def get_dryscape_session(self):
if self.session:
self.session.reset()
return self.session
else:
self.session = dryscrape.Session()
return self.session
def __init__(self, url):
self.__url = url
self.__haveResult = True
self.__pageNum = 0
self.__dataList = []
sess = dryscrape.Session()
sess.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
sess.visit(url)
time.sleep(.5)
content = sess.body()
self.soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(content, "lxml")
if (
'delivery' in self.__url
): #set mode by looking for substring in url: 'delivery' or 'pickup' (different html format)
self.__mode = 'delivery'
else:
self.__mode = 'pickup'
#check if any restaurant data in this area
resultCheck = self.soup.select('.no-results-h3')
if (len(resultCheck)): #no result
self.__haveResult = False
else: #got result, then find the total page number
self.__pageNum = int(
self.soup.select('.searchResults-footer-stats')[0].find_all(
'span')[3].string)
#print '----total items: ' + str(self.soup.select('.searchResultsSnippet-text')[1].string)
print '----' + self.__mode + ': total pages number:' + str(
self.__pageNum)
def get_premarket_volume():
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
response = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'html.parser')
right_table = soup.find('table', {'id': 'preOpenNiftyTab'})
rows = []
for row in right_table.find_all('tr'):
rows.append([
" ".join(
val.text.encode('utf8').replace(" NFO", "").replace(
" NSE", "").replace(" MCX", "").replace(",", "").split())
for val in row.find_all('td')
])
sorted_rows = sorted(rows[2:], key=lambda x: float(x[7]), reverse=True)
top_stocks = []
for row in sorted_rows[:10]:
top_stocks.append(row[0])
sc.api_call("chat.postMessage",
channel="@dexter",
text='Volume - Stock:{} Volume:{} Change%:{}'.format(
row[0], row[7], row[5]),
as_user=False)
return top_stocks
def getClothes():
"""Fetch a list of clothes from a saga-falabella's url
Args:
url: Base men url address
Returns:
This script create json filter with clothe's cathegories
Example:
python3 firebase_script_clothes.py <url>
"""
sess = dryscrape.Session()
sess.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
sess.visit(sys.argv[1])
source = sess.body()
soup = bs.BeautifulSoup(source,'lxml')
b = soup.select('div.fb-pod__item')
#vertical-filters-custom
for index, clothe in enumerate(b.findAll(name='a')):
try:
print(clothe['href'])
sess.visit(clothe['href'])#dryscrape
source = sess.body()#dryscrape
soup = bs.BeautifulSoup(source, 'lxml')
# x = soup.select('div.row.transcripts.video-transcripts')#principal parent tag
# for subtitle_block in x[0].findAll(name='span'):
# saveFile(name_clothe, subtitle_block)
except:
print("error")
def testURL(section_url):
# # Put the stuff you see when using Inspect Element in a variable called html.
# html = urlopen(section_url).read()
# # Parse the stuff.
# print html[:100]
# soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
# # The next two lines will change depending on what you're looking for. This
# # line is looking for <dl class="boccat">.
# boccat = soup.find("dl", "ba-Eb-ba")
# # This line organizes what is found in the above line into a list of
# # hrefs (i.e. links).
# print boccat
# category_links = [BASE_URL + dd.a["href"] for dd in boccat.findAll("dd")]
# return category_links
session = dryscrape.Session(base_url=BASE_URL)
session.visit(section_url)
print(type(session))
response = session.body()
print(type(response))
print response
# soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
soup = BeautifulSoup(session, 'lxml')
# results = soup.findAll("div", {"class": "ba-Eb-ba"})
results = soup.findAll("div", class_="ba-Eb-ba")
# results = soup.findAll(text='ga:type=\"Comment\"')
print results
print len(results)
# print(soup)
# print len(soup)
return 0
def main():
url = input('URL: ')
name = input('Name to save images: ')
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.visit(url)
response = session.body()
soup = BeautifulSoup(response, "html.parser")
if not os.path.isdir('img'):
os.mkdir('img')
# Find images in links
links = soup.findAll('a', {'href': True})
for link in links:
if link.findAll('img'):
img_url = link['href']
queue.put(img_url)
# Find images in <img> tags
imgs = soup.findAll('img', {'src': True})
for img in imgs:
img_url = img['src']
queue.put(img_url)
create_workers(url, name)
def scrape():
session = dryscrape.Session()
session.set_attribute('auto_load_images', False)
session.visit(URL)
response = session.body()
global_tree = html.fromstring(response)
products_links = global_tree.xpath('//div[@id="J_goodsList"]/ul/li/div/div[1]/a/@href')
output = []
validator = Validator(ScrapeStrategy(scrape_first_type_object), ScrapeStrategy(scrape_second_type_object))
for i, products_link in enumerate(products_links):
t0 = datetime.now()
session.visit('http:' + products_link)
response = session.body()
tree = html.fromstring(response)
strategy = validator.choose_strategy(tree)
output.append(strategy.scrape(tree, products_link))
print datetime.now() - t0
with open('products.csv', 'w') as csvfile:
fieldnames = ['Brand', 'MPN', 'URL', 'Name', 'Price', 'Stock']
writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
for obj in output:
writer.writerow(obj.as_dict())
def process_sites(self):
# Determine if a dryscrape session is required for a js-reliant site
need_session = any([x.require_js for x in self.sites])
if need_session:
print "Dryscrape session required, creating now.."
session = dryscrape.Session()
print "Dryscrape session created"
for site in self.sites:
# If it requires JS, use dryscrape
if site.require_js:
session.visit(site.url)
page = session.body()
# Otherwise just use requests
else:
page = requests.get(site.url).text
# Processing is done the same regardless
soup = BeautifulSoup(page, "lxml")
processed_data = site.process_page(soup)
self.processed_auctions[site.base_url] = processed_data
print ""
print "Done processing sites"
PP.pprint(self.processed_auctions)
