def dec(typ, arg):
base, sub, arrlist = typ
sz = get_size(typ)
# Dynamic-sized strings are encoded as <len(str)> + <str>
if base in ('string', 'bytes') and not sub:
L = big_endian_to_int(arg[:32])
assert len(arg[32:]) == ceil32(
L
), "Wrong data size for string/bytes object: expected %d actual %d" % (
ceil32(L), len(arg[32:]))
return arg[32:][:L]
# Dynamic-sized arrays
elif sz is None:
L = big_endian_to_int(arg[:32])
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
# If children are dynamic, use the head/tail mechanism. Fortunately,
# here the code is simpler since we do not have to worry about
# mixed dynamic and static children, as we do in the top-level multi-arg
# case
if subsize is None:
assert len(arg) >= 32 + 32 * L, "Not enough data for head"
start_positions = [
big_endian_to_int(arg[32 + 32 * i:64 + 32 * i])
for i in range(L)
] + [len(arg)]
outs = [
arg[start_positions[i]:start_positions[i + 1]]
for i in range(L)
]
return [dec(subtyp, out) for out in outs]
# If children are static, then grab the data slice for each one and
# sequentially decode them manually
else:
return [
dec(subtyp, arg[32 + subsize * i:32 + subsize * (i + 1)])
for i in range(L)
]
# Static-sized arrays: decode piece-by-piece
elif len(arrlist):
L = arrlist[-1][0]
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
return [
dec(subtyp, arg[subsize * i:subsize * (i + 1)]) for i in range(L)
]
else:
return decode_single(typ, arg)
def calculate_sha3_gas(length: int):
"""
:param length:
:return:
"""
gas_val = 30 + opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (ceil32(length) // 32)
return gas_val, gas_val
def data_copy(compustate, size):
if size:
copyfee = opcodes.GCOPY * utils.ceil32(size) // 32
if compustate.gas < copyfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return False
compustate.gas -= copyfee
return True
def data_copy(compustate, size):
if size:
copyfee = opcodes.GCOPY * utils.ceil32(size) / 32
if compustate.gas < copyfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return False
compustate.gas -= copyfee
return True
def calculate_memory_gas(self, start: int, size: int):
# https://github.com/ethereum/pyethereum/blob/develop/ethereum/vm.py#L148
oldsize = self.memory_size // 32
old_totalfee = (oldsize * opcodes.GMEMORY +
oldsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM)
newsize = utils.ceil32(start + size) // 32
new_totalfee = (newsize * opcodes.GMEMORY +
newsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM)
return new_totalfee - old_totalfee
def proc_ripemd160(ext, msg):
# print('ripemd160 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GRIPEMD160BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GRIPEMD160WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.ripemd.RIPEMD160(d).digest()]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def proc_sha256(ext, msg):
# print('sha256 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GSHA256BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GSHA256WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.bin_sha256(d)]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def proc_identity(ext, msg):
#print('identity proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GIDENTITYBASE + \
opcodes.GIDENTITYWORD * (utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32)
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
o = [0] * msg.data.size
msg.data.extract_copy(o, 0, 0, len(o))
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def proc_ripemd160(ext, msg):
# print('ripemd160 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GRIPEMD160BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GRIPEMD160WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [0] * 12 + [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.ripemd.RIPEMD160(d).digest()]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, sz):
if sz and utils.ceil32(start + sz) > len(mem):
oldsize = len(mem) // 32
old_totalfee = oldsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
oldsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
newsize = utils.ceil32(start + sz) // 32
# if newsize > 524288:
# raise Exception("Memory above 16 MB per call not supported by this VM")
new_totalfee = newsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
newsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
if old_totalfee < new_totalfee:
memfee = new_totalfee - old_totalfee
if compustate.gas < memfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return False
compustate.gas -= memfee
m_extend = (newsize - oldsize) * 32
mem.extend([0] * m_extend)
return True
def proc_sha256(ext, msg):
# print('sha256 proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GSHA256BASE + \
(utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32) * opcodes.GSHA256WORD
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
d = msg.data.extract_all()
o = [safe_ord(x) for x in bitcoin.bin_sha256(d)]
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def proc_identity(ext, msg):
#print('identity proc', msg.gas)
OP_GAS = opcodes.GIDENTITYBASE + \
opcodes.GIDENTITYWORD * (utils.ceil32(msg.data.size) // 32)
gas_cost = OP_GAS
if msg.gas < gas_cost:
return 0, 0, []
o = [0] * msg.data.size
msg.data.extract_copy(o, 0, 0, len(o))
return 1, msg.gas - gas_cost, o
def mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, sz):
if sz and utils.ceil32(start + sz) > len(mem):
oldsize = len(mem) // 32
old_totalfee = oldsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
oldsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
newsize = utils.ceil32(start + sz) // 32
# if newsize > 524288:
# raise Exception("Memory above 16 MB per call not supported by this VM")
new_totalfee = newsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
newsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
if old_totalfee < new_totalfee:
memfee = new_totalfee - old_totalfee
if compustate.gas < memfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return False
compustate.gas -= memfee
m_extend = (newsize - oldsize) * 32
mem.extend([0] * m_extend)
return True
def calculate_native_gas(size: int, contract: str):
gas_value = None
word_num = ceil32(size) // 32
if contract == "ecrecover":
gas_value = opcodes.GECRECOVER
elif contract == "sha256":
gas_value = opcodes.GSHA256BASE + word_num * opcodes.GSHA256WORD
elif contract == "ripemd160":
gas_value = opcodes.GRIPEMD160BASE + word_num * opcodes.GRIPEMD160WORD
elif contract == "identity":
gas_value = opcodes.GIDENTITYBASE + word_num * opcodes.GIDENTITYWORD
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown contract type {}".format(contract))
return gas_value, gas_value
def test_memory_extension(initial_size, start, extension_size):
# Arrange
machine_state = MachineState(gas_limit=8000000)
machine_state.memory = Memory()
machine_state.memory.extend(initial_size)
# Act
machine_state.mem_extend(start, extension_size)
# Assert
assert machine_state.memory_size == len(machine_state.memory)
assert machine_state.memory_size == max(
initial_size, (utils.ceil32(start + extension_size) // 32) * 32
)
def calculate_extension_size(self, start: int, size: int) -> int:
"""
:param start:
:param size:
:return:
"""
if self.memory_size > start + size:
return 0
# The extension size is calculated based on the word length
new_size = utils.ceil32(start + size) // 32
old_size = self.memory_size // 32
return (new_size - old_size) * 32
def mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, sz):
if sz and start + sz > len(mem):
oldsize = len(mem) // 32
old_totalfee = oldsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
oldsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
newsize = utils.ceil32(start + sz) // 32
new_totalfee = newsize * opcodes.GMEMORY + \
newsize**2 // opcodes.GQUADRATICMEMDENOM
memfee = new_totalfee - old_totalfee
if compustate.gas < memfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return False
compustate.gas -= memfee
m_extend = (newsize - oldsize) * 32
mem.extend(bytearray(m_extend))
return True
def enc(typ, arg):
base, sub, arrlist = typ
sz = get_size(typ)
# Encode dynamic-sized strings as <len(str)> + <str>
if base in ('string', 'bytes') and not sub:
assert isinstance(arg, (str, bytes, utils.unicode)), \
"Expecting a string"
return enc(lentyp, len(arg)) + \
utils.to_string(arg) + \
b'\x00' * (utils.ceil32(len(arg)) - len(arg))
# Encode dynamic-sized lists via the head/tail mechanism described in
# https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Proposal-for-new-ABI-value-encoding
elif sz is None:
assert isinstance(arg, list), \
"Expecting a list argument"
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
myhead, mytail = b'', b''
if arrlist[-1] == []:
myhead += enc(lentyp, len(arg))
else:
assert len(arg) == arrlist[-1][0], \
"Wrong array size: found %d, expecting %d" % \
(len(arg), arrlist[-1][0])
for i in range(len(arg)):
if subsize is None:
myhead += enc(lentyp, 32 * len(arg) + len(mytail))
mytail += enc(subtyp, arg[i])
else:
myhead += enc(subtyp, arg[i])
return myhead + mytail
# Encode static-sized lists via sequential packing
else:
if arrlist == []:
return utils.to_string(encode_single(typ, arg))
else:
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
o = b''
for x in arg:
o += enc(subtyp, x)
return o
def enc(typ, arg):
base, sub, arrlist = typ
sz = get_size(typ)
# Encode dynamic-sized strings as <len(str)> + <str>
if base in ('string', 'bytes') and not sub:
assert isinstance(arg, (str, bytes, utils.unicode)), \
"Expecting a string"
return enc(lentyp, len(arg)) + \
utils.to_string(arg) + \
b'\x00' * (utils.ceil32(len(arg)) - len(arg))
# Encode dynamic-sized lists via the head/tail mechanism described in
# https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Proposal-for-new-ABI-value-encoding
elif sz is None:
assert isinstance(arg, list), \
"Expecting a list argument"
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
myhead, mytail = b'', b''
if arrlist[-1] == []:
myhead += enc(lentyp, len(arg))
else:
assert len(arg) == arrlist[-1][0], \
"Wrong array size: found %d, expecting %d" % \
(len(arg), arrlist[-1][0])
for i in range(len(arg)):
if subsize is None:
myhead += enc(lentyp, 32 * len(arg) + len(mytail))
mytail += enc(subtyp, arg[i])
else:
myhead += enc(subtyp, arg[i])
return myhead + mytail
# Encode static-sized lists via sequential packing
else:
if arrlist == []:
return utils.to_string(encode_single(typ, arg))
else:
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
o = b''
for x in arg:
o += enc(subtyp, x)
return o
def dec(typ, arg):
base, sub, arrlist = typ
sz = get_size(typ)
# Dynamic-sized strings are encoded as <len(str)> + <str>
if base in ('string', 'bytes') and not sub:
L = big_endian_to_int(arg[:32])
assert len(arg[32:]) == ceil32(L), "Wrong data size for string/bytes object"
return arg[32:][:L]
# Dynamic-sized arrays
elif sz is None:
L = big_endian_to_int(arg[:32])
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
# If children are dynamic, use the head/tail mechanism. Fortunately,
# here the code is simpler since we do not have to worry about
# mixed dynamic and static children, as we do in the top-level multi-arg
# case
if subsize is None:
assert len(arg) >= 32 + 32 * L, "Not enough data for head"
start_positions = [big_endian_to_int(arg[32 + 32 * i: 64 + 32 * i])
for i in range(L)] + [len(arg)]
outs = [arg[start_positions[i]: start_positions[i + 1]]
for i in range(L)]
return [dec(subtyp, out) for out in outs]
# If children are static, then grab the data slice for each one and
# sequentially decode them manually
else:
return [dec(subtyp, arg[32 + subsize * i: 32 + subsize * (i + 1)])
for i in range(L)]
# Static-sized arrays: decode piece-by-piece
elif len(arrlist):
L = arrlist[-1][0]
subtyp = base, sub, arrlist[:-1]
subsize = get_size(subtyp)
return [dec(subtyp, arg[subsize * i:subsize * (i + 1)])
for i in range(L)]
else:
return decode_single(typ, arg)
def data_copy(compustate, size):
return eat_gas(compustate, opcodes.GCOPY * utils.ceil32(size) // 32)
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
codelen = len(processed_code)
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while 1:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
op, in_args, out_args, fee, opcode, pushval = \
processed_code[compustate.pc]
# out of gas error
if fee > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# empty stack error
if in_args > len(compustate.stack):
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK',
op=op, needed=to_string(in_args),
available=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
if len(compustate.stack) - in_args + out_args > 1024:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED',
op=op,
pre_height=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= fee
compustate.pc += 1
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY', 'CODECOPY',
'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', 'SLOAD') or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=opcode)
# Valid operations
if opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(processed_code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(processed_code):
mem[start + i] = processed_code[s1 + i][4]
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + 32]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(data))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:4] == 'PUSH':
pushnum = int(op[4:])
compustate.pc += pushnum
stk.append(pushval)
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
depth = int(op[3:])
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
depth = int(op[4:])
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart: mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG', to=msg.to, topics=topics, data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas, cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALL':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALLCODE' or op == 'DELEGATECALL':
if op == 'CALLCODE':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
if ext.post_homestead_hardfork() and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender, msg.to, msg.value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to, transfers_value=False)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
else:
call_msg = Message(msg.to, msg.to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0: s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while 1:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc not in processed_code:
return vm_exception('INVALID START POINT')
_data = processed_code[compustate.pc]
gas, min_stack, max_stack, compustate.pc = _data[:4]
ops = _data[4:]
# out of gas error
if gas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# insufficient stack error
if not (min_stack <= len(compustate.stack) <= max_stack):
return vm_exception('INCOMPATIBLE STACK LENGTH', min_stack=min_stack,
have=len(compustate.stack), max_stack=max_stack)
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= gas
for op in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in (op_MLOAD, op_MSTORE, op_MSTORE8, op_SHA3, op_CALL,
op_CALLCODE, op_CREATE, op_CALLDATACOPY, op_CODECOPY,
op_EXTCODECOPY):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in (op_SSTORE, op_SLOAD) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
# trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = op
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
# if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
# trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == INVALID:
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=op)
# Valid operations
if op < 0x10:
if op == op_STOP:
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == op_ADD:
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SUB:
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_MUL:
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_DIV:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == op_MOD:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == op_SDIV:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SMOD:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_ADDMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_MULMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_EXP:
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == op_SIGNEXTEND:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif op < 0x20:
if op == op_LT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_GT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_SLT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == op_SGT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == op_EQ:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_ISZERO:
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == op_AND:
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == op_OR:
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == op_XOR:
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == op_NOT:
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == op_BYTE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256 ** (31 - s0)) % 256)
elif op < 0x40:
if op == op_SHA3:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0: s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == op_ADDRESS:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == op_BALANCE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == op_ORIGIN:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == op_CALLER:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == op_CALLVALUE:
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == op_CALLDATALOAD:
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == op_CALLDATASIZE:
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == op_CALLDATACOPY:
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == op_CODESIZE:
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == op_CODECOPY:
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(code):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[s1 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == op_GASPRICE:
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == op_EXTCODESIZE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == op_EXTCODECOPY:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op < 0x50:
if op == op_BLOCKHASH:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == op_COINBASE:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == op_TIMESTAMP:
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == op_NUMBER:
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == op_DIFFICULTY:
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == op_GASLIMIT:
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif op < 0x60:
if op == op_POP:
stk.pop()
elif op == op_MLOAD:
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = 0
for c in mem[s0: s0 + 32]:
data = (data << 8) + c
stk.append(data)
elif op == op_MSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == op_MSTORE8:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == op_SLOAD:
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == op_SSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == op_JUMP:
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_JUMPI:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_PC:
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == op_MSIZE:
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == op_GAS:
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op_PUSH1 <= (op & 255) <= op_PUSH32:
# Hide push value in high-order bytes of op
stk.append(op >> 8)
elif op_DUP1 <= op <= op_DUP16:
depth = op - op_DUP1 + 1
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op_SWAP1 <= op <= op_SWAP16:
depth = op - op_SWAP1 + 1
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op_LOG0 <= op <= op_LOG4:
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = op - op_LOG0
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart: mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG', to=msg.to, topics=topics, data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == op_CREATE:
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas, cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALL:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALLCODE:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas+extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to, msg.to, value, submsg_gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1, code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_RETURN:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0: s0 + s1])
elif op == op_SUICIDE:
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
def encode_single(typ, arg):
base, sub, _ = typ
# Unsigned integers: uint<sz>
if base == 'uint':
sub = int(sub)
i = decint(arg)
if not 0 <= i < 2**sub:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(i), 32)
# bool: int<sz>
elif base == 'bool':
assert isinstance(arg, bool)
return zpad(encode_int(int(arg)), 32)
# Signed integers: int<sz>
elif base == 'int':
sub = int(sub)
i = decint(arg)
if not -2**(sub - 1) <= i < 2**sub:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(i % 2**sub), 32)
# Unsigned reals: ureal<high>x<low>
elif base == 'ureal':
high, low = [int(x) for x in sub.split('x')]
if not 0 <= arg < 2**high:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(arg * 2**low), 32)
# Signed reals: real<high>x<low>
elif base == 'real':
high, low = [int(x) for x in sub.split('x')]
if not -2**(high - 1) <= arg < 2**(high - 1):
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int((arg % 2**high) * 2**low), 32)
# Strings
elif base == 'string' or base == 'bytes':
if not is_string(arg):
raise EncodingError("Expecting string: %r" % arg)
# Fixed length: string<sz>
if len(sub):
assert int(sub) <= 32
assert len(arg) <= int(sub)
return arg + b'\x00' * (32 - len(arg))
# Variable length: string
else:
return zpad(encode_int(len(arg)), 32) + \
arg + \
b'\x00' * (utils.ceil32(len(arg)) - len(arg))
# Hashes: hash<sz>
elif base == 'hash':
if not (int(sub) and int(sub) <= 32):
raise EncodingError("too long: %r" % arg)
if isnumeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
elif len(arg) == len(sub):
return zpad(arg, 32)
elif len(arg) == len(sub) * 2:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
else:
raise EncodingError("Could not parse hash: %r" % arg)
# Addresses: address (== hash160)
elif base == 'address':
assert sub == ''
if isnumeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
elif len(arg) == 20:
return zpad(arg, 32)
elif len(arg) == 40:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
else:
raise EncodingError("Could not parse address: %r" % arg)
raise EncodingError("Unhandled type: %r %r" % (base, sub))
def encode_single(typ, arg):
base, sub, _ = typ
# Unsigned integers: uint<sz>
if base == 'uint':
sub = int(sub)
i = decint(arg)
if not 0 <= i < 2**sub:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(i), 32)
# bool: int<sz>
elif base == 'bool':
assert isinstance(arg, bool)
return zpad(encode_int(int(arg)), 32)
# Signed integers: int<sz>
elif base == 'int':
sub = int(sub)
i = decint(arg)
if not -2**(sub - 1) <= i < 2**sub:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(i % 2**sub), 32)
# Unsigned reals: ureal<high>x<low>
elif base == 'ureal':
high, low = [int(x) for x in sub.split('x')]
if not 0 <= arg < 2**high:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int(arg * 2**low), 32)
# Signed reals: real<high>x<low>
elif base == 'real':
high, low = [int(x) for x in sub.split('x')]
if not -2**(high - 1) <= arg < 2**(high - 1):
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
return zpad(encode_int((arg % 2**high) * 2**low), 32)
# Strings
elif base == 'string' or base == 'bytes':
if not is_string(arg):
raise EncodingError("Expecting string: %r" % arg)
# Fixed length: string<sz>
if len(sub):
assert int(sub) <= 32
assert len(arg) <= int(sub)
return arg + b'\x00' * (32 - len(arg))
# Variable length: string
else:
return zpad(encode_int(len(arg)), 32) + \
arg + \
b'\x00' * (utils.ceil32(len(arg)) - len(arg))
# Hashes: hash<sz>
elif base == 'hash':
if not (int(sub) and int(sub) <= 32):
raise EncodingError("too long: %r" % arg)
if isnumeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
elif len(arg) == len(sub):
return zpad(arg, 32)
elif len(arg) == len(sub) * 2:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
else:
raise EncodingError("Could not parse hash: %r" % arg)
# Addresses: address (== hash160)
elif base == 'address':
assert sub == ''
if isnumeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
elif len(arg) == 20:
return zpad(arg, 32)
elif len(arg) == 40:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
else:
raise EncodingError("Could not parse address: %r" % arg)
raise EncodingError("Unhandled type: %r %r" % (base, sub))
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
codelen = len(processed_code)
s = time.time()
op = None
while 1:
# print 'op: ', op, time.time() - s
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
op, in_args, out_args, fee, opcode, pushval = \
processed_code[compustate.pc]
# out of gas error
if fee > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# empty stack error
if in_args > len(compustate.stack):
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK',
op=op,
needed=to_string(in_args),
available=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
if len(compustate.stack) - in_args + out_args > 1024:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED',
op=op,
pre_height=to_string(len(compustate.stack)))
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= fee
compustate.pc += 1
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
if log_vm_op_stack.is_active():
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if log_vm_op_memory.is_active():
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x in compustate.memory])
if log_vm_op_storage.is_active():
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
trace_data['op'] = op
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
# Invalid operation
if op == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=opcode)
# Valid operations
if opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1)) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * (utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0:s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(processed_code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(processed_code):
mem[start + i] = processed_code[s1 + i][4]
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert isinstance(extcode, str)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0:s0 + 32]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(data))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
ext.add_refund(
refund) # adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][0] if \
compustate.pc < len(processed_code) else 'STOP'
if opnew != 'JUMPDEST':
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:4] == 'PUSH':
pushnum = int(op[4:])
compustate.pc += pushnum
stk.append(pushval)
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
depth = int(op[3:])
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
depth = int(op[4:])
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart:mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas, cd,
msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALL':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'CALLCODE':
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
# this is slow!
if verify_stack_after_op:
for a in stk:
assert is_numeric(a)
assert a >= 0 and a < 2**256, (a, op, stk)
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
if code in code_cache:
processed_code = code_cache[code]
else:
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
code_cache[code] = processed_code
# print(processed_code.keys(), code)
codelen = len(code)
s = time.time()
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while compustate.pc in processed_code:
ops, minstack, maxstack, totgas, nextpos = processed_code[
compustate.pc]
if len(compustate.stack) < minstack:
return vm_exception('INSUFFICIENT STACK')
if len(compustate.stack) > maxstack:
return vm_exception('STACK SIZE LIMIT EXCEEDED')
if totgas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS %d %d' % (totgas, compustate.gas))
jumped = False
compustate.gas -= totgas
compustate.pc = nextpos
# Invalid operation; can only come at the end of a chunk
if ops[-1][0] == 'INVALID':
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=ops[-1][1])
for op, opcode, pushval in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in ('MLOAD', 'MSTORE', 'MSTORE8', 'SHA3', 'CALL',
'CALLCODE', 'CREATE', 'CALLDATACOPY',
'CODECOPY', 'EXTCODECOPY'):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(b''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in ('SSTORE', ) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + totgas)
trace_data['inst'] = opcode
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['steps'] = steps
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', op=op, **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Valid operations
# Pushes first because they are very frequent
if 0x60 <= opcode <= 0x7f:
# compustate.pc += opcode - 0x5f # Move 1 byte forward for
# 0x60, up to 32 bytes for 0x7f
stk.append(pushval)
elif opcode < 0x10:
if op == 'STOP':
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == 'ADD':
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'SUB':
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'MUL':
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == 'DIV':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == 'MOD':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == 'SDIV':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'SMOD':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == 'ADDMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'MULMOD':
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == 'EXP':
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if ext.post_clearing_hardfork():
expfee += opcodes.EXP_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS * nbytes
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == 'SIGNEXTEND':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif opcode < 0x20:
if op == 'LT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'GT':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'SLT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == 'SGT':
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == 'EQ':
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == 'ISZERO':
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == 'AND':
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == 'OR':
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == 'XOR':
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == 'NOT':
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == 'BYTE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif opcode < 0x40:
if op == 'SHA3':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[s0:s0 + s1])
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == 'ADDRESS':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == 'BALANCE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.BALANCE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == 'ORIGIN':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == 'CALLER':
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == 'CALLVALUE':
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == 'CALLDATALOAD':
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == 'CALLDATASIZE':
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == 'CALLDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == 'CODESIZE':
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == 'CODECOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if dstart + i < len(code):
mem[mstart + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[dstart + i])
else:
mem[mstart + i] = 0
elif op == 'RETURNDATACOPY':
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
if dstart + size > len(compustate.last_returned):
return vm_exception('RETURNDATACOPY out of range')
mem[mstart:mstart + size] = compustate.last_returned
elif op == 'RETURNDATASIZE':
stk.append(len(compustate.last_returned))
elif op == 'GASPRICE':
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == 'EXTCODESIZE':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == 'EXTCODECOPY':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.EXTCODELOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif opcode < 0x50:
if op == 'BLOCKHASH':
if ext.post_metropolis_hardfork() and False:
bh_addr = ext.blockhash_store
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(bh_addr, stk.pop()))
else:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == 'COINBASE':
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == 'TIMESTAMP':
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == 'NUMBER':
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == 'DIFFICULTY':
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == 'GASLIMIT':
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif opcode < 0x60:
if op == 'POP':
stk.pop()
elif op == 'MLOAD':
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
stk.append(utils.bytes_to_int(mem[s0:s0 + 32]))
elif op == 'MSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0:s0 + 32] = utils.encode_int32(s1)
elif op == 'MSTORE8':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == 'SLOAD':
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if not eat_gas(compustate,
opcodes.SLOAD_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == 'SSTORE':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SSTORE inside a static context')
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == 'JUMP':
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'JUMPI':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = code[
compustate.pc] if compustate.pc < codelen else 0
jumped = True
if opnew != JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == 'PC':
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == 'MSIZE':
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == 'GAS':
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op[:3] == 'DUP':
# 0x7f - opcode is a negative number, -1 for 0x80 ... -16 for
# 0x8f
stk.append(stk[0x7f - opcode])
elif op[:4] == 'SWAP':
# 0x8e - opcode is a negative number, -2 for 0x90 ... -17 for
# 0x9f
temp = stk[0x8e - opcode]
stk[0x8e - opcode] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op[:3] == 'LOG':
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = int(op[3:])
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if msg.static:
return vm_exception('Cannot LOG inside a static context')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = bytearray_to_bytestr(mem[mstart:mstart + msz])
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == 'CREATE':
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot CREATE inside a static context')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < MAX_DEPTH:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
ingas = compustate.gas
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
ingas = all_but_1n(ingas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, ingas, cd,
msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = compustate.gas - ingas + gas
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE', 'DELEGATECALL', 'STATICCALL'):
# Pull arguments from the stack
if op in ('CALL', 'CALLCODE'):
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
else:
gas, to, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
value = 0
# Static context prohibition
if msg.static and value > 0:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot make a non-zero-value call inside a static context'
)
# Expand memory
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.int_to_addr(to)
# Extra gas costs based on hard fork-dependent factors
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * (op == 'CALL') * (value > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER + \
ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork() * opcodes.CALL_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS
# Compute child gas limit
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
if compustate.gas < extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=extra_gas)
gas = min(
gas,
all_but_1n(compustate.gas - extra_gas,
opcodes.CALL_CHILD_LIMIT_DENOM))
else:
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS',
needed=gas + extra_gas)
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
# Verify that there is sufficient balance and depth
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) < value or msg.depth >= MAX_DEPTH:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
else:
# Subtract gas from parent
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
assert compustate.gas >= 0
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
# Generate the message
if op == 'CALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif ext.post_homestead_hardfork(
) and op == 'DELEGATECALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.sender,
msg.to,
msg.value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
transfers_value=False,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'DELEGATECALL':
return vm_exception('OPCODE INACTIVE')
elif op == 'CALLCODE':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=msg.static)
elif op == 'STATICCALL':
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to,
static=True)
else:
raise Exception("Lolwut")
# Get result
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
# Set output memory
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
compustate.gas += gas
compustate.last_returned = bytearray(data)
elif op == 'RETURN':
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'REVERT':
if not ext.post_metropolis_hardfork():
return vm_exception('Opcode not yet enabled')
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return revert(compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == 'SUICIDE':
if msg.static:
return vm_exception(
'Cannot SUICIDE inside a static context')
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
if ext.post_anti_dos_hardfork():
extra_gas = opcodes.SUICIDE_SUPPLEMENTAL_GAS + \
(not ext.account_exists(
to)) * (xfer > 0 or not ext.post_clearing_hardfork()) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT
if not eat_gas(compustate, extra_gas):
return vm_exception("OUT OF GAS")
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
log_msg.debug('SUICIDING',
addr=utils.checksum_encode(msg.to),
to=utils.checksum_encode(to),
xferring=xfer)
return 1, compustate.gas, []
# assert utils.is_numeric(compustate.gas)
# this is slow!
# for a in stk:
# assert is_numeric(a), (op, stk)
# assert a >= 0 and a < 2**256, (a, op, stk)
# if not jumped:
# assert compustate.pc == nextpos
# compustate.pc = nextpos
if compustate.pc >= codelen:
return peaceful_exit('CODE OUT OF RANGE', compustate.gas, [])
return vm_exception('INVALID JUMP')
def encode_single(typ, arg): # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements,too-many-branches,too-many-statements,too-many-locals
""" Encode `arg` as `typ`.
`arg` will be encoded in a best effort manner, were necessary the function
will try to correctly define the underlying binary representation (ie.
decoding a hex-encoded address/hash).
Args:
typ (Tuple[(str, int, list)]): A 3-tuple defining the `arg` type.
The first element defines the type name.
The second element defines the type length in bits.
The third element defines if it's an array type.
Together the first and second defines the elementary type, the third
element must be present but is ignored.
Valid type names are:
- uint
- int
- bool
- ufixed
- fixed
- string
- bytes
- hash
- address
arg (object): The object to be encoded, it must be a python object
compatible with the `typ`.
Raises:
ValueError: when an invalid `typ` is supplied.
ValueOutOfBounds: when `arg` cannot be encoded as `typ` because of the
binary contraints.
Note:
This function don't work with array types, for that use the `enc`
function.
"""
base, sub, _ = typ
if base == 'uint':
sub = int(sub)
if not (0 < sub <= 256 and sub % 8 == 0):
raise ValueError(
'invalid unsigned integer bit length {}'.format(sub))
try:
i = decint(arg, signed=False)
except EncodingError:
# arg is larger than 2**256
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
if not 0 <= i < 2 ** sub:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
value_encoded = int_to_big_endian(i)
return zpad(value_encoded, 32)
if base == 'int':
sub = int(sub)
bits = sub - 1
if not (0 < sub <= 256 and sub % 8 == 0):
raise ValueError('invalid integer bit length {}'.format(sub))
try:
i = decint(arg, signed=True)
except EncodingError:
# arg is larger than 2**255
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
if not -2 ** bits <= i < 2 ** bits:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
value = i % 2 ** 256 # convert negative to "equivalent" positive
value_encoded = int_to_big_endian(value)
return zpad(value_encoded, 32)
if base == 'bool':
if arg is True:
value_encoded = int_to_big_endian(1)
elif arg is False:
value_encoded = int_to_big_endian(0)
else:
raise ValueError('%r is not bool' % arg)
return zpad(value_encoded, 32)
if base == 'ufixed':
sub = str(sub) # pylint: disable=redefined-variable-type
high_str, low_str = sub.split('x')
high = int(high_str)
low = int(low_str)
if not (0 < high + low <= 256 and high % 8 == 0 and low % 8 == 0):
raise ValueError('invalid unsigned fixed length {}'.format(sub))
if not 0 <= arg < 2 ** high:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
float_point = arg * 2 ** low
fixed_point = int(float_point)
return zpad(int_to_big_endian(fixed_point), 32)
if base == 'fixed':
sub = str(sub) # pylint: disable=redefined-variable-type
high_str, low_str = sub.split('x')
high = int(high_str)
low = int(low_str)
bits = high - 1
if not (0 < high + low <= 256 and high % 8 == 0 and low % 8 == 0):
raise ValueError('invalid unsigned fixed length {}'.format(sub))
if not -2 ** bits <= arg < 2 ** bits:
raise ValueOutOfBounds(repr(arg))
float_point = arg * 2 ** low
fixed_point = int(float_point)
value = fixed_point % 2 ** 256
return zpad(int_to_big_endian(value), 32)
# Decimals
if base == 'decimal':
val_to_encode = int(arg * 10**int(sub))
return zpad(encode_int(val_to_encode % 2**256), 32)
if base == 'string':
if isinstance(arg, utils.unicode):
arg = arg.encode('utf8')
else:
try:
arg.decode('utf8')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
raise ValueError('string must be utf8 encoded')
if len(sub): # fixed length
if not 0 <= len(arg) <= int(sub):
raise ValueError('invalid string length {}'.format(sub))
if not 0 <= int(sub) <= 32:
raise ValueError('invalid string length {}'.format(sub))
return rzpad(arg, 32)
if not 0 <= len(arg) < TT256:
raise Exception('Integer invalid or out of range: %r' % arg)
length_encoded = zpad(int_to_big_endian(len(arg)), 32)
value_encoded = rzpad(arg, utils.ceil32(len(arg)))
return length_encoded + value_encoded
if base == 'bytes':
if not is_string(arg):
if isinstance(arg, str):
arg = bytes(arg, 'utf8')
else:
raise EncodingError('Expecting string: %r' % arg)
arg = utils.to_string(arg) # py2: force unicode into str
if len(sub): # fixed length
if not 0 <= len(arg) <= int(sub):
raise ValueError('string must be utf8 encoded')
if not 0 <= int(sub) <= 32:
raise ValueError('string must be utf8 encoded')
return rzpad(arg, 32)
if not 0 <= len(arg) < TT256:
raise Exception('Integer invalid or out of range: %r' % arg)
length_encoded = zpad(int_to_big_endian(len(arg)), 32)
value_encoded = rzpad(arg, utils.ceil32(len(arg)))
return length_encoded + value_encoded
if base == 'hash':
if not (int(sub) and int(sub) <= 32):
raise EncodingError('too long: %r' % arg)
if is_numeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
if len(arg) == int(sub):
return zpad(arg, 32)
if len(arg) == int(sub) * 2:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
raise EncodingError('Could not parse hash: %r' % arg)
if base == 'address':
assert sub == ''
if is_numeric(arg):
return zpad(encode_int(arg), 32)
if len(arg) == 20:
return zpad(arg, 32)
if len(arg) == 40:
return zpad(decode_hex(arg), 32)
if len(arg) == 42 and arg[:2] == '0x':
return zpad(decode_hex(arg[2:]), 32)
raise EncodingError('Could not parse address: %r' % arg)
raise EncodingError('Unhandled type: %r %r' % (base, sub))
def vm_execute(ext, msg, code):
# precompute trace flag
# if we trace vm, we're in slow mode anyway
trace_vm = log_vm_op.is_active('trace')
compustate = Compustate(gas=msg.gas)
stk = compustate.stack
mem = compustate.memory
processed_code = preprocess_code(code)
s = time.time()
op = None
steps = 0
_prevop = None # for trace only
while True:
# print('op: ', op, time.time() - s)
# s = time.time()
# stack size limit error
if compustate.pc not in processed_code:
return vm_exception('INVALID START POINT')
_data = processed_code[compustate.pc]
gas, min_stack, max_stack, compustate.pc = _data[:4]
ops = _data[4:]
# out of gas error
if gas > compustate.gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
# insufficient stack error
if not (min_stack <= len(compustate.stack) <= max_stack):
return vm_exception('INCOMPATIBLE STACK LENGTH',
min_stack=min_stack,
have=len(compustate.stack),
max_stack=max_stack)
# Apply operation
compustate.gas -= gas
for op in ops:
if trace_vm:
"""
This diverges from normal logging, as we use the logging namespace
only to decide which features get logged in 'eth.vm.op'
i.e. tracing can not be activated by activating a sub
like 'eth.vm.op.stack'
"""
trace_data = {}
trace_data['stack'] = list(
map(to_string, list(compustate.stack)))
if _prevop in (op_MLOAD, op_MSTORE, op_MSTORE8, op_SHA3,
op_CALL, op_CALLCODE, op_CREATE,
op_CALLDATACOPY, op_CODECOPY, op_EXTCODECOPY):
if len(compustate.memory) < 1024:
trace_data['memory'] = \
b''.join([encode_hex(ascii_chr(x)) for x
in compustate.memory])
else:
trace_data['sha3memory'] = \
encode_hex(utils.sha3(''.join([ascii_chr(x) for
x in compustate.memory])))
if _prevop in (op_SSTORE, op_SLOAD) or steps == 0:
trace_data['storage'] = ext.log_storage(msg.to)
# trace_data['gas'] = to_string(compustate.gas + fee)
trace_data['inst'] = op
trace_data['pc'] = to_string(compustate.pc - 1)
if steps == 0:
trace_data['depth'] = msg.depth
trace_data['address'] = msg.to
trace_data['op'] = op
trace_data['steps'] = steps
# if op[:4] == 'PUSH':
# trace_data['pushvalue'] = pushval
log_vm_op.trace('vm', **trace_data)
steps += 1
_prevop = op
# Invalid operation
if op == INVALID:
return vm_exception('INVALID OP', opcode=op)
# Valid operations
if op < 0x10:
if op == op_STOP:
return peaceful_exit('STOP', compustate.gas, [])
elif op == op_ADD:
stk.append((stk.pop() + stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_SUB:
stk.append((stk.pop() - stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_MUL:
stk.append((stk.pop() * stk.pop()) & TT256M1)
elif op == op_DIV:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 // s1)
elif op == op_MOD:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else s0 % s1)
elif op == op_SDIV:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) // abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 * s1 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_SMOD:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(0 if s1 == 0 else (abs(s0) % abs(s1) *
(-1 if s0 < 0 else 1))
& TT256M1)
elif op == op_ADDMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 + s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_MULMOD:
s0, s1, s2 = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
stk.append((s0 * s1) % s2 if s2 else 0)
elif op == op_EXP:
base, exponent = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
# fee for exponent is dependent on its bytes
# calc n bytes to represent exponent
nbytes = len(utils.encode_int(exponent))
expfee = nbytes * opcodes.GEXPONENTBYTE
if compustate.gas < expfee:
compustate.gas = 0
return vm_exception('OOG EXPONENT')
compustate.gas -= expfee
stk.append(pow(base, exponent, TT256))
elif op == op_SIGNEXTEND:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 <= 31:
testbit = s0 * 8 + 7
if s1 & (1 << testbit):
stk.append(s1 | (TT256 - (1 << testbit)))
else:
stk.append(s1 & ((1 << testbit) - 1))
else:
stk.append(s1)
elif op < 0x20:
if op == op_LT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() < stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_GT:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() > stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_SLT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 < s1 else 0)
elif op == op_SGT:
s0, s1 = utils.to_signed(stk.pop()), utils.to_signed(
stk.pop())
stk.append(1 if s0 > s1 else 0)
elif op == op_EQ:
stk.append(1 if stk.pop() == stk.pop() else 0)
elif op == op_ISZERO:
stk.append(0 if stk.pop() else 1)
elif op == op_AND:
stk.append(stk.pop() & stk.pop())
elif op == op_OR:
stk.append(stk.pop() | stk.pop())
elif op == op_XOR:
stk.append(stk.pop() ^ stk.pop())
elif op == op_NOT:
stk.append(TT256M1 - stk.pop())
elif op == op_BYTE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s0 >= 32:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append((s1 // 256**(31 - s0)) % 256)
elif op < 0x40:
if op == op_SHA3:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
compustate.gas -= opcodes.GSHA3WORD * \
(utils.ceil32(s1) // 32)
if compustate.gas < 0:
return vm_exception('OOG PAYING FOR SHA3')
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[s0:s0 + s1]))
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(utils.sha3(data)))
elif op == op_ADDRESS:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.to))
elif op == op_BALANCE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(ext.get_balance(addr))
elif op == op_ORIGIN:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(ext.tx_origin))
elif op == op_CALLER:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(msg.sender))
elif op == op_CALLVALUE:
stk.append(msg.value)
elif op == op_CALLDATALOAD:
stk.append(msg.data.extract32(stk.pop()))
elif op == op_CALLDATASIZE:
stk.append(msg.data.size)
elif op == op_CALLDATACOPY:
mstart, dstart, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
msg.data.extract_copy(mem, mstart, dstart, size)
elif op == op_CODESIZE:
stk.append(len(code))
elif op == op_CODECOPY:
start, s1, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s1 + i < len(code):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(code[s1 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op == op_GASPRICE:
stk.append(ext.tx_gasprice)
elif op == op_EXTCODESIZE:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
stk.append(len(ext.get_code(addr) or b''))
elif op == op_EXTCODECOPY:
addr = utils.coerce_addr_to_hex(stk.pop() % 2**160)
start, s2, size = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
extcode = ext.get_code(addr) or b''
assert utils.is_string(extcode)
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, start, size):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if not data_copy(compustate, size):
return vm_exception('OOG COPY DATA')
for i in range(size):
if s2 + i < len(extcode):
mem[start + i] = utils.safe_ord(extcode[s2 + i])
else:
mem[start + i] = 0
elif op < 0x50:
if op == op_BLOCKHASH:
stk.append(
utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_hash(stk.pop())))
elif op == op_COINBASE:
stk.append(utils.big_endian_to_int(ext.block_coinbase))
elif op == op_TIMESTAMP:
stk.append(ext.block_timestamp)
elif op == op_NUMBER:
stk.append(ext.block_number)
elif op == op_DIFFICULTY:
stk.append(ext.block_difficulty)
elif op == op_GASLIMIT:
stk.append(ext.block_gas_limit)
elif op < 0x60:
if op == op_POP:
stk.pop()
elif op == op_MLOAD:
s0 = stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = 0
for c in mem[s0:s0 + 32]:
data = (data << 8) + c
stk.append(data)
elif op == op_MSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 32):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
v = s1
for i in range(31, -1, -1):
mem[s0 + i] = v % 256
v //= 256
elif op == op_MSTORE8:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, 1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
mem[s0] = s1 % 256
elif op == op_SLOAD:
stk.append(ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, stk.pop()))
elif op == op_SSTORE:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if ext.get_storage_data(msg.to, s0):
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEKILL
refund = 0 if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEREFUND
else:
gascost = opcodes.GSTORAGEADD if s1 else opcodes.GSTORAGEMOD
refund = 0
if compustate.gas < gascost:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS')
compustate.gas -= gascost
# adds neg gascost as a refund if below zero
ext.add_refund(refund)
ext.set_storage_data(msg.to, s0, s1)
elif op == op_JUMP:
compustate.pc = stk.pop()
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_JUMPI:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if s1:
compustate.pc = s0
opnew = processed_code[compustate.pc][4] if \
compustate.pc in processed_code else op_STOP
if opnew != op_JUMPDEST:
return vm_exception('BAD JUMPDEST')
elif op == op_PC:
stk.append(compustate.pc - 1)
elif op == op_MSIZE:
stk.append(len(mem))
elif op == op_GAS:
stk.append(compustate.gas) # AFTER subtracting cost 1
elif op_PUSH1 <= (op & 255) <= op_PUSH32:
# Hide push value in high-order bytes of op
stk.append(op >> 8)
elif op_DUP1 <= op <= op_DUP16:
depth = op - op_DUP1 + 1
stk.append(stk[-depth])
elif op_SWAP1 <= op <= op_SWAP16:
depth = op - op_SWAP1 + 1
temp = stk[-depth - 1]
stk[-depth - 1] = stk[-1]
stk[-1] = temp
elif op_LOG0 <= op <= op_LOG4:
"""
0xa0 ... 0xa4, 32/64/96/128/160 + len(data) gas
a. Opcodes LOG0...LOG4 are added, takes 2-6 stack arguments
MEMSTART MEMSZ (TOPIC1) (TOPIC2) (TOPIC3) (TOPIC4)
b. Logs are kept track of during tx execution exactly the same way as suicides
(except as an ordered list, not a set).
Each log is in the form [address, [topic1, ... ], data] where:
* address is what the ADDRESS opcode would output
* data is mem[MEMSTART: MEMSTART + MEMSZ]
* topics are as provided by the opcode
c. The ordered list of logs in the transaction are expressed as [log0, log1, ..., logN].
"""
depth = op - op_LOG0
mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
topics = [stk.pop() for x in range(depth)]
compustate.gas -= msz * opcodes.GLOGBYTE
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
data = b''.join(map(ascii_chr, mem[mstart:mstart + msz]))
ext.log(msg.to, topics, data)
log_log.trace('LOG',
to=msg.to,
topics=topics,
data=list(map(utils.safe_ord, data)))
# print('LOG', msg.to, topics, list(map(ord, data)))
elif op == op_CREATE:
value, mstart, msz = stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, mstart, msz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
cd = CallData(mem, mstart, msz)
create_msg = Message(msg.to, b'', value, compustate.gas,
cd, msg.depth + 1)
o, gas, addr = ext.create(create_msg)
if o:
stk.append(utils.coerce_to_int(addr))
compustate.gas = gas
else:
stk.append(0)
compustate.gas = 0
else:
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALL:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
extra_gas = (not ext.account_exists(to)) * opcodes.GCALLNEWACCOUNT + \
(value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_CALLCODE:
gas, to, value, meminstart, meminsz, memoutstart, memoutsz = \
stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, meminstart, meminsz) or \
not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, memoutstart, memoutsz):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
extra_gas = (value > 0) * opcodes.GCALLVALUETRANSFER
submsg_gas = gas + opcodes.GSTIPEND * (value > 0)
if compustate.gas < gas + extra_gas:
return vm_exception('OUT OF GAS', needed=gas + extra_gas)
if ext.get_balance(msg.to) >= value and msg.depth < 1024:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas)
to = utils.encode_int(to)
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
cd = CallData(mem, meminstart, meminsz)
call_msg = Message(msg.to,
msg.to,
value,
submsg_gas,
cd,
msg.depth + 1,
code_address=to)
result, gas, data = ext.msg(call_msg)
if result == 0:
stk.append(0)
else:
stk.append(1)
compustate.gas += gas
for i in range(min(len(data), memoutsz)):
mem[memoutstart + i] = data[i]
else:
compustate.gas -= (gas + extra_gas - submsg_gas)
stk.append(0)
elif op == op_RETURN:
s0, s1 = stk.pop(), stk.pop()
if not mem_extend(mem, compustate, op, s0, s1):
return vm_exception('OOG EXTENDING MEMORY')
return peaceful_exit('RETURN', compustate.gas, mem[s0:s0 + s1])
elif op == op_SUICIDE:
to = utils.encode_int(stk.pop())
to = ((b'\x00' * (32 - len(to))) + to)[12:]
xfer = ext.get_balance(msg.to)
ext.set_balance(to, ext.get_balance(to) + xfer)
ext.set_balance(msg.to, 0)
ext.add_suicide(msg.to)
# print('suiciding %s %s %d' % (msg.to, to, xfer))
return 1, compustate.gas, []
