def get_draw_angles(start: float, end: float, extrusion: Vector):
if extrusion.isclose(Z_AXIS):
return start, end
else:
ocs = OCS(extrusion)
s = ocs.to_wcs(Vector.from_angle(start))
e = ocs.to_wcs(Vector.from_angle(end))
return normalize_angle(e.angle), normalize_angle(s.angle)
def random_3d_path(steps: int = 100,
max_step_size: float = 1.0,
max_heading: float = math.pi / 2.0,
max_pitch: float = math.pi / 8.0,
retarget: int = 20) -> Iterable[Vector]:
"""
Returns a random 3D path as iterable of :class:`~ezdxf.math.Vector` objects.
Args:
steps: count of vertices to generate
max_step_size: max step size
max_heading: limit heading angle change per step to ± max_heading/2, rotation about the z-axis in radians
max_pitch: limit pitch angle change per step to ± max_pitch/2, rotation about the x-axis in radians
retarget: specifies steps before changing global walking target
"""
max_ = max_step_size * steps
def next_global_target():
return Vector((rnd(max_), rnd(max_), rnd(max_)))
walker = Vector()
target = next_global_target()
for i in range(steps):
if i % retarget == 0:
target = target + next_global_target()
angle = (target - walker).angle
length = max_step_size * random.random()
heading_angle = angle + rnd_perlin(max_heading, walker)
next_step = Vector.from_angle(heading_angle, length)
pitch_angle = rnd_perlin(max_pitch, walker)
walker += Matrix44.x_rotate(pitch_angle).transform(next_step)
yield walker
def linear_measurement(p1: Vector, p2: Vector, angle: float = 0, ocs: 'OCS' = None) -> float:
""" Returns distance from `p1` to `p2` projected onto ray defined by `angle`, `angle` in radians in the xy-plane.
"""
if ocs is not None and ocs.uz != (0, 0, 1):
p1 = ocs.to_wcs(p1)
p2 = ocs.to_wcs(p2)
# angle in OCS xy-plane
ocs_direction = Vector.from_angle(angle)
measurement_direction = ocs.to_wcs(ocs_direction)
else:
# angle in WCS xy-plane
measurement_direction = Vector.from_angle(angle)
t1 = measurement_direction.project(p1)
t2 = measurement_direction.project(p2)
return (t2 - t1).magnitude
def tangent(self, t: float) -> Vector:
"""
Get tangent at distance `t` as Vector() object.
"""
angle = t ** 2 / (2. * self.curvature_powers[2])
return Vector.from_angle(angle)
def cubic_bezier_arc_parameters(
start_angle: float, end_angle: float,
segments: int = 1) -> Sequence[Vector]:
""" Yields cubic Bézier-curve parameters for a circular 2D arc with center
at (0, 0) and a radius of 1 in the form of [start point, 1. control point,
2. control point, end point].
Args:
start_angle: start angle in radians
end_angle: end angle in radians (end_angle > start_angle!)
segments: count of Bèzier-curve segments, at least one segment for each
quarter (pi/2)
"""
if segments < 1:
raise ValueError('Invalid argument segments (>= 1).')
delta_angle = end_angle - start_angle
if delta_angle > 0:
arc_count = max(math.ceil(delta_angle / math.pi * 2.0), segments)
else:
raise ValueError('Delta angle from start- to end angle has to be > 0.')
segment_angle = delta_angle / arc_count
tangent_length = TANGENT_FACTOR * math.tan(segment_angle / 4.0)
angle = start_angle
end_point = None
for _ in range(arc_count):
start_point = Vector.from_angle(
angle) if end_point is None else end_point
angle += segment_angle
end_point = Vector.from_angle(angle)
control_point_1 = start_point + (
-start_point.y * tangent_length, start_point.x * tangent_length)
control_point_2 = end_point + (
end_point.y * tangent_length, -end_point.x * tangent_length)
yield start_point, control_point_1, control_point_2, end_point
def cubic_bezier_arc_parameters(start_angle: float,
end_angle: float,
segments: int = 1):
"""
Yields cubic Bezier curve parameters for a circular 2D arc with center at (0, 0) and a radius of 1
in the form of [start point, 1. control point, 2. control point, end point].
Args:
start_angle: start angle in radians
end_angle: end angle in radians (end_angle > start_angle!)
segments: count of segments, at least one segment for each quarter (pi/2)
"""
# Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1734745/how-to-create-circle-with-b%C3%A9zier-curves
if segments < 1:
raise ValueError('Invalid argument segments (>= 1).')
delta_angle = end_angle - start_angle
if delta_angle > 0:
arc_count = max(math.ceil(delta_angle / math.pi * 2.0), segments)
else:
raise ValueError('Delta angle from start- to end angle has to be > 0.')
segment_angle = delta_angle / arc_count
tangent_length = 4.0 / 3.0 * math.tan(segment_angle / 4.0)
angle = start_angle
end_point = None
for _ in range(arc_count):
start_point = Vector.from_angle(
angle) if end_point is None else end_point
angle += segment_angle
end_point = Vector.from_angle(angle)
control_point_1 = start_point + (-start_point.y * tangent_length,
start_point.x * tangent_length)
control_point_2 = end_point + (end_point.y * tangent_length,
-end_point.x * tangent_length)
yield start_point, control_point_1, control_point_2, end_point