def get_simulation_parameters(L, lattice_depths, confining_depth, site_number = 100):
L = np.array(L, ndmin = 1).round().astype(int)
L = L[L>1]
lattice_depths = np.array(lattice_depths, ndmin = 1)
while lattice_depths.size < L.size:
lattice_depths = np.append(lattice_depths, lattice_depths[-1])
# compute transverse tunneling and on-site overlap integral
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(confining_depth, 1, site_number)
J_T = tunneling_1D(confining_depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_T = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
# compute everything we need along the primary axes
momenta = [ None ] * L.size
fourier_vecs = [ None ] * L.size
energies = [ None ] * L.size
J_0 = np.zeros(L.size)
K_0 = np.zeros(L.size)
for ii in range(L.size):
momenta[ii], fourier_vecs[ii], energies[ii] = \
mathieu_solution(lattice_depths[ii], 1, site_number)
energies[ii] -= np.mean(energies[ii],0)
J_0[ii] = tunneling_1D(lattice_depths[ii], momenta[ii], fourier_vecs[ii])
K_0[ii] = pair_overlap_1D(momenta[ii], fourier_vecs[ii])
momenta = np.array(momenta)
fourier_vecs = np.array(fourier_vecs)
energies = np.array(energies)
return L, J_0, J_T, K_0, K_T, momenta, fourier_vecs, energies
def get_J_O(depth, stretch):
depth_S = depth * stretch**2
momenta_S, fourier_vecs_S, _ = mathieu_solution(depth_S, bands,
site_number)
tunneling_rate_S = tunneling_1D(depth_S, momenta_S, fourier_vecs_S)
tunneling_rate = tunneling_rate_S / stretch**2
tunneling_rate *= recoil_energy_Hz
rabi_ratio = abs(
laser_overlap(np.pi, momenta_S, fourier_vecs_S, 1) /
laser_overlap(np.pi, momenta_S, fourier_vecs_S))
return tunneling_rate, rabi_ratio * rabi_frequency
def renormalized_coupling(coupling,
lattice_depths,
bands=15,
site_number=100,
precision=10,
backwards=False,
harmonic=False):
mean_depth = gmean(lattice_depths) # geometric mean of lattice depths
w_eff = np.sqrt(2 * mean_depth /
m_SR87_LU) # effective angular harmonic trap frequency
# two-atom ground-state overlap integral
if not harmonic:
overlap_factor = 1
for depth in lattice_depths:
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(
depth, bands, site_number)
overlap_factor *= pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
else:
# determine ground-state two-body overlap integral in a harmonic oscillator
HO_length = mean_depth**(
-1 / 4) # harmonic oscillator length in lattice units
overlap_factor = np.sqrt(2 / np.pi) / (4 * np.pi) / HO_length**3
unknown_coupling = sym.symbols("G")
if not backwards: # compute an in-trap scattering length from a harmonic one
E_free = coupling * overlap_factor / w_eff
E_lattice = unknown_coupling * overlap_factor / w_eff
else: # compute harmonic scattering length from an in-trap one
E_free = unknown_coupling * overlap_factor / w_eff
E_lattice = coupling * overlap_factor / w_eff
# coefficients of series expansion of the right hand side of our expression
c_0 = 1
c_1 = 1 - np.log(2)
c_2 = -np.pi**2 / 24 - np.log(2) + 1 / 2 * np.log(2)**2
series = c_0 + c_1 * E_lattice + c_2 * E_lattice**2
null_expression = 1 / E_free - 1 / E_lattice * series
return min(real_positive_roots(null_expression, unknown_coupling,
precision),
key=lambda x: abs(x / coupling - 1))
def U_J(depth):
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(depth, 1, site_number)
J_0 = tunneling_1D(depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_0 = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
return g_int_LU[1] * K_0**lattice_dim * K_T**(3 - lattice_dim) / J_0
##########################################################################################
# compute squeezing and make plots
##########################################################################################
lattice_dim = 1
tau_vals = np.linspace(0, max_tau, time_steps)
plt.figure(figsize=figsize)
plt.title(r"${}$".format(title))
for ii, N in enumerate(N_vals):
color = colors[ii]
# determine primary lattice depth which optimally satisfies our target U_int / J_0
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(confining_depth, 1,
site_number)
K_T = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
J_T = tunneling_1D(confining_depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
def U_J(depth):
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(depth, 1, site_number)
J_0 = tunneling_1D(depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_0 = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
return g_int_LU[1] * K_0**lattice_dim * K_T**(3 - lattice_dim) / J_0
lattice_depth = minimize_scalar(lambda x: abs(U_J(x) - U_J_target),
method="bounded",
bounds=lattice_depth_bounds).x
# get simulation parameters and on-site interaction energy
L, J_0, J_T, K_0, K_T, momenta, fourier_vecs, energies = \
summary_info = False connectivity_info = False ########################################################################################## # fixed and derived lattice parameters ########################################################################################## nuclear_splitting_per_gauss = 110 # 2\pi Hz / Gauss / nuclear spin nuclear_splitting = magnetic_field * nuclear_splitting_per_gauss # lattice depths in units of "stretched" recoil energies V_P_S = V_P * stretch_P**2 V_T_S = V_T * stretch_T**2 # solve mathieu equation along primary and transverse axes momenta_P_S, fourier_vecs_P_S, _ = mathieu_solution(V_P_S, bands, site_number) momenta_T_S, fourier_vecs_T_S, _ = mathieu_solution(V_T_S, bands, site_number) # compute overlap integrals and tunneling rates in stretched recoil energies K_P_S = pair_overlap_1D(momenta_P_S, fourier_vecs_P_S) K_T_S = pair_overlap_1D(momenta_T_S, fourier_vecs_T_S) tunneling_rate_P_S = tunneling_1D(V_P_S, momenta_P_S, fourier_vecs_P_S) tunneling_rate_T_S = tunneling_1D(V_T_S, momenta_T_S, fourier_vecs_T_S) # overlap integrals and tunneling rates in regular recoil energies K_P = K_P_S / stretch_P K_T = K_T_S / stretch_T tunneling_rate_P = tunneling_rate_P_S / stretch_P**2 tunneling_rate_T = tunneling_rate_T_S / stretch_T**2 # on-site interaction energies
def energy_correction_coefficients(lattice_depths,
site_number,
pt_order=3,
bands=13):
assert (pt_order >= 1)
momenta_x, fourier_vecs_x, _ = mathieu_solution(lattice_depths[0], bands,
site_number)
momenta_y, fourier_vecs_y, _ = mathieu_solution(lattice_depths[1], bands,
site_number)
momenta_z, fourier_vecs_z, _ = mathieu_solution(lattice_depths[2], bands,
site_number)
a_2_1 = (pair_overlap_1D(momenta_x, fourier_vecs_x) *
pair_overlap_1D(momenta_y, fourier_vecs_y) *
pair_overlap_1D(momenta_z, fourier_vecs_z))
momenta_list = [momenta_x, momenta_y, momenta_z]
fourier_vecs_list = [fourier_vecs_x, fourier_vecs_y, fourier_vecs_z]
a_prime_2_1 = momentum_coupling_overlap_3D(momenta_list, fourier_vecs_list)
if pt_order == 1:
return [a_2_1, a_prime_2_1]
x, y, z = 0, 1, 2 # axis indices
lattice_depths = np.sort(lattice_depths)
# compute all 1-D band energies, spatial wavefunction overlaps, and tunneling rates
band_energies = np.zeros((3, bands))
K_1D = np.zeros((3, bands, bands, bands))
if pt_order > 2:
K_t_1D = np.zeros((3, bands, bands))
t_1D = np.zeros((3, bands))
for axis in range(3):
# if any of the lattice depths are the same, we can recycle our calculations
if axis > 0 and lattice_depths[axis] == lattice_depths[axis - 1]:
band_energies[axis, :] = band_energies[axis - 1, :]
K_1D[axis, :, :, :] = K_1D[axis - 1, :, :, :]
if pt_order > 2:
K_t_1D[axis, :, :] = K_t_1D[axis - 1, :, :]
t_1D[axis, :] = t_1D[axis - 1, :]
continue
# otherwise compute everything for this lattice depth
momenta, fourier_vecs, energies = mathieu_solution(
lattice_depths[axis], bands, site_number)
band_energies[axis, :] = np.mean(energies, 0)
band_energies[axis, :] -= band_energies[axis, 0]
for nn in range(bands):
if pt_order > 2:
t_1D[axis, nn] = tunneling_1D(lattice_depths[axis], momenta,
fourier_vecs, nn)
for mm in range(nn, bands):
if pt_order > 2:
K_t_1D[axis, nn, mm] = pair_overlap_1D(momenta,
fourier_vecs,
nn,
mm,
neighbors=1)
K_t_1D[axis, mm, nn] = K_t_1D[axis, nn, mm]
for ll in range(bands):
K_1D[axis, nn, mm,
ll] = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs, nn, mm,
ll)
K_1D[axis, mm, nn, ll] = K_1D[axis, nn, mm, ll]
K = np.prod(K_1D[:, 0, 0, 0])
if pt_order == 2:
# collect all (even) band indices to loop over
even_bands = [(n_x, n_y, n_z) for n_z in range(0, bands, 2)
for n_y in range(n_z, bands, 2)
for n_x in range(n_y, bands, 2)]
# second order spatial overlap factor
a_3_2 = 0
for n_x, n_y, n_z in even_bands[1:]:
K_n = K_1D[x, n_x, 0, 0] * K_1D[y, n_y, 0, 0] * K_1D[z, n_z, 0, 0]
E_n = band_energies[x, n_x] + band_energies[
y, n_y] + band_energies[z, n_z]
a_3_2 += K_n**2 / E_n * len(set(permutations([n_x, n_y, n_z])))
return a_2_1, a_prime_2_1, a_3_2
# collect all band indices to loop over
all_bands = ((n_x, n_y, n_z) for n_z in range(bands)
for n_y in range(n_z, bands) for n_x in range(n_y, bands))
# second and third order spatial overlap factors
a_3_2, a_3_3_1, a_3_3_2, a_4_3_1, a_4_3_2, a_4_3_3, a_5_3, g_2_2, g_3_2_1, g_3_2_2 \
= np.zeros(10)
for n_x, n_y, n_z in all_bands:
n_permutations = len(set(permutations([n_x, n_y, n_z])))
E_n = band_energies[x, n_x] + band_energies[y,
n_y] + band_energies[z,
n_z]
K_n = K_1D[x, n_x, 0, 0] * K_1D[y, n_y, 0, 0] * K_1D[z, n_z, 0, 0]
parity_x = n_x % 2
parity_y = n_y % 2
parity_z = n_z % 2
if E_n != 0 and K_n != 0:
K_t_n = K_n * (K_t_1D[x, n_x, 0] / K_1D[x, n_x, 0, 0] +
K_t_1D[y, n_y, 0] / K_1D[y, n_y, 0, 0] +
K_t_1D[z, n_z, 0] / K_1D[z, n_z, 0, 0]) / 3
t_n = (t_1D[x, n_x] + t_1D[y, n_y] + t_1D[z, n_z]) / 3
a_3_2 += K_n**2 / E_n * n_permutations
a_5_3 += K_n**2 / E_n**2 * n_permutations
g_3_2_1 += K_n * K_t_n / E_n * n_permutations
g_3_2_2 += t_n * K_n**2 / E_n**2 * n_permutations
for m_x, m_y, m_z in cartesian_product(range(parity_x, bands, 2),
range(parity_y, bands, 2),
range(parity_z, bands, 2)):
E_m = band_energies[x, m_x] + band_energies[
y, m_y] + band_energies[z, m_z]
E_mn = E_n + E_m
if E_mn == 0: continue
K_m = K_1D[x, m_x, 0, 0] * K_1D[y, m_y, 0, 0] * K_1D[z, m_z, 0, 0]
K_mn = K_1D[x, m_x, n_x, 0] * K_1D[y, m_y, n_y, 0] * K_1D[z, m_z,
n_z, 0]
if E_n != 0:
a_4_3_1 += K_mn * K_m * K_n / (E_mn * E_n) * n_permutations
if E_n != 0 and E_m != 0:
K_m_n = K_1D[x, m_x, 0, n_x] * K_1D[y, m_y, 0,
n_y] * K_1D[z, m_z, 0, n_z]
a_4_3_2 += K_m * K_m_n * K_n / (E_m * E_n) * n_permutations
a_4_3_3 += (K_mn / E_mn)**2 * n_permutations
if K_mn == 0: continue
K_t_mn = K_mn * (K_t_1D[x, n_x, n_x] / K_1D[x, m_x, n_x, 0] +
K_t_1D[x, n_y, n_y] / K_1D[x, m_y, n_y, 0] +
K_t_1D[x, n_z, n_z] / K_1D[x, m_z, n_z, 0]) / 3
g_2_2 += K_mn * K_t_mn / E_mn * n_permutations
for l_x, l_y, l_z in cartesian_product(range(parity_x, bands, 2),
range(parity_y, bands, 2),
range(m_z, bands, 2)):
E_l = band_energies[x, l_x] + band_energies[
y, l_y] + band_energies[z, l_z]
E_ln = E_l + E_n
multiplicity = n_permutations * (1 if l_z == m_z else 2)
if E_ln == 0 or E_mn == 0: continue
K_ln = K_1D[x, l_x, n_x, 0] * K_1D[y, l_y, n_y,
0] * K_1D[z, l_z, n_z, 0]
K_l_m = K_1D[x, l_x, 0, m_x] * K_1D[y, l_y, 0,
m_y] * K_1D[z, l_z, 0, m_z]
a_3_3_1 += K_mn * K_l_m * K_ln / (E_mn * E_ln) * multiplicity
for l_x, l_y, l_z in cartesian_product(range(0, bands, 2),
repeat=3):
E_l = band_energies[x, l_x] + band_energies[
y, l_y] + band_energies[z, l_z]
if E_l == 0 or E_mn == 0: continue
K_l = K_1D[x, l_x, 0, 0] * K_1D[y, l_y, 0, 0] * K_1D[z, l_z, 0,
0]
K_lmn = K_1D[x, n_x, m_x, l_x] * K_1D[y, n_y, m_y,
l_y] * K_1D[z, n_z, m_z,
l_z]
fac = K_l * K_mn / (E_l * E_mn) * n_permutations
a_3_3_2 += fac * (K_lmn - K_l * K_mn / K)
a_4_3_3 *= K
a_5_3 *= K
return a_2_1, a_prime_2_1, a_3_2, \
a_3_3_1, a_3_3_2, \
a_4_3_1, a_4_3_2, a_4_3_3, \
a_5_3, g_2_2, g_3_2_1, g_3_2_2
J_0 = pd.Series(data = np.zeros(shallow.size), index = shallow)
K_0 = pd.Series(data = np.zeros(shallow.size), index = shallow)
J_T = pd.Series(data = np.zeros(deep.size), index = deep)
K_T = pd.Series(data = np.zeros(deep.size), index = deep)
zero_frame = pd.DataFrame(data = np.zeros((shallow.size,deep.size)),
index = shallow, columns = deep)
U_int_1D = zero_frame.copy(deep = True)
U_int_2D = zero_frame.copy(deep = True)
phi_opt_1D = zero_frame.copy(deep = True)
phi_opt_2D = zero_frame.copy(deep = True)
for depth in shallow:
momenta, fourier_vecs, energies = mathieu_solution(depth, bands, site_number)
J_0.at[depth] = tunneling_1D(depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_0.at[depth] = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
for depth in deep:
momenta, fourier_vecs, energies = mathieu_solution(depth, bands, site_number)
J_T.at[depth] = tunneling_1D(depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_T.at[depth] = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
def h_std(dim,V_0,phi): return 2**(1+dim/2) * J_0.at[V_0] * np.sin(phi/2)
for V_0, V_T in itertools.product(shallow, deep):
U_int_1D.at[V_0,V_T] = g_int_LU[1] * K_T.at[V_T]**2 * K_0.at[V_0]
U_int_2D.at[V_0,V_T] = g_int_LU[1] * K_T.at[V_T] * K_0.at[V_0]**2
def minimization_func(dim,U_int,x):
return abs(h_std(dim,V_0,x)/U_int.at[V_0,V_T]/h_U_target-1)
excited_lifetime_SI = 10 # seconds; lifetime of excited state (from e --> g decay)
##########################################################################################
# compute all experimental parameters
##########################################################################################
N = np.product(L)
eta = N / np.product(L)
lattice_dim = np.array(L, ndmin=1).size
print("D:", np.size(L))
print("N:", N)
print()
# determine primary lattice depth which optimally satisfies our target U_int / J_0
momenta, fourier_vecs, soc_energies = mathieu_solution(confining_depth, 1,
site_number)
K_T = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
J_T = tunneling_1D(confining_depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
def U_J(depth):
momenta, fourier_vecs, _ = mathieu_solution(depth, 1, site_number)
J_0 = tunneling_1D(depth, momenta, fourier_vecs)
K_0 = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
U = g_int_LU[1] * K_0**lattice_dim * K_T**(3 - lattice_dim)
return U / J_0
lattice_depth = minimize_scalar(lambda x: abs(U_J(x) - U_J_target),
method="bounded",
bounds=lattice_depth_bounds).x
[eigenvalues_4_3_C, 4, e_4_3_C]]:
for aa in range(len(atom_numbers)):
conversion = np.array(convert_eigenvalues(
num, atom_numbers[aa])).astype(float)
vals[aa, :] = (conversion @ e_X).T
# compute wavefunction broadening estimates
scale_factors = np.zeros((len(atom_numbers), len(lattice_depths), 3))
for dd in range(len(lattice_depths)):
lattice_depth = lattice_depths[dd]
print()
print("lattice_depth:", lattice_depth)
print("-" * 80)
print()
momenta, fourier_vecs, energies = mathieu_solution(lattice_depth,
max_bands, site_number)
kinetic_energy = kinetic_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
pair_overlap = pair_overlap_1D(momenta, fourier_vecs)
overlaps = energy_correction_coefficients(lattice_depth * np.ones(3),
site_number)
a_2_1, a_prime_2_1, a_3_2, a_3_3_1, a_3_3_2, a_4_3_1, a_4_3_2, a_4_3_3, a_5_3 \
= overlaps[:8]
for aa in range(len(atom_numbers)):
atom_number = atom_numbers[aa]
print("atom number:", atom_number)
# TODO: incorporate effect of renormalization and momentum-dependent coupling
multi_body_energies = (