def create_normalizer_update(
vector_input: tf.Tensor,
steps: tf.Tensor,
running_mean: tf.Tensor,
running_variance: tf.Tensor,
) -> tf.Operation:
"""
Creates the update operation for the normalizer.
:param vector_input: Vector observation to use for updating the running mean and variance.
:param running_mean: Tensorflow tensor representing the current running mean.
:param running_variance: Tensorflow tensor representing the current running variance.
:param steps: Tensorflow tensor representing the current number of steps that have been normalized.
:return: A TF operation that updates the normalization based on vector_input.
"""
# Based on Welford's algorithm for running mean and standard deviation, for batch updates. Discussion here:
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56402955/whats-the-formula-for-welfords-algorithm-for-variance-std-with-batch-updates
steps_increment = tf.shape(vector_input)[0]
total_new_steps = tf.add(steps, steps_increment)
# Compute the incremental update and divide by the number of new steps.
input_to_old_mean = tf.subtract(vector_input, running_mean)
new_mean = running_mean + tf.reduce_sum(
input_to_old_mean / tf.cast(total_new_steps, dtype=tf.float32),
axis=0)
# Compute difference of input to the new mean for Welford update
input_to_new_mean = tf.subtract(vector_input, new_mean)
new_variance = running_variance + tf.reduce_sum(
input_to_new_mean * input_to_old_mean, axis=0)
update_mean = tf.assign(running_mean, new_mean)
update_variance = tf.assign(running_variance, new_variance)
update_norm_step = tf.assign(steps, total_new_steps)
return tf.group([update_mean, update_variance, update_norm_step])
def create_forward_model(
self, encoded_state: tf.Tensor, encoded_next_state: tf.Tensor
) -> None:
"""
Creates forward model TensorFlow ops for Curiosity module.
Predicts encoded future state based on encoded current state and given action.
:param encoded_state: Tensor corresponding to encoded current state.
:param encoded_next_state: Tensor corresponding to encoded next state.
"""
combined_input = tf.concat(
[encoded_state, self.policy.selected_actions], axis=1
)
hidden = tf.layers.dense(combined_input, 256, activation=ModelUtils.swish)
pred_next_state = tf.layers.dense(
hidden,
self.encoding_size
* (self.policy.vis_obs_size + int(self.policy.vec_obs_size > 0)),
activation=None,
)
squared_difference = 0.5 * tf.reduce_sum(
tf.squared_difference(pred_next_state, encoded_next_state), axis=1
)
self.intrinsic_reward = squared_difference
self.forward_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(squared_difference, self.policy.mask, 2)[1]
)
def create_gradient_magnitude(self) -> tf.Tensor:
"""
Gradient penalty from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00028. Adds stability esp.
for off-policy. Compute gradients w.r.t randomly interpolated input.
"""
expert = [self.encoded_expert, self.expert_action, self.done_expert]
policy = [
self.encoded_policy,
self.policy_model.selected_actions,
self.done_policy,
]
interp = []
for _expert_in, _policy_in in zip(expert, policy):
alpha = tf.random_uniform(tf.shape(_expert_in))
interp.append(alpha * _expert_in + (1 - alpha) * _policy_in)
grad_estimate, _, grad_input = self.create_encoder(
interp[0], interp[1], interp[2], reuse=True
)
grad = tf.gradients(grad_estimate, [grad_input])[0]
# Norm's gradient could be NaN at 0. Use our own safe_norm
safe_norm = tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(grad ** 2, axis=-1) + EPSILON)
gradient_mag = tf.reduce_mean(tf.pow(safe_norm - 1, 2))
return gradient_mag
def _create_dc_critic(self, h_size: int, num_layers: int,
vis_encode_type: EncoderType) -> None:
"""
Creates Discrete control critic (value) network.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
:param vis_encode_type: The type of visual encoder to use.
"""
hidden_stream = ModelUtils.create_observation_streams(
self.policy.visual_in,
self.policy.processed_vector_in,
1,
h_size,
num_layers,
vis_encode_type,
)[0]
if self.policy.use_recurrent:
hidden_value, memory_value_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_stream,
self.memory_in,
self.policy.sequence_length_ph,
name="lstm_value",
)
self.memory_out = memory_value_out
else:
hidden_value = hidden_stream
self.value_heads, self.value = ModelUtils.create_value_heads(
self.stream_names, hidden_value)
self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, sum(self.policy.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="old_probabilities",
)
_, _, old_normalized_logits = ModelUtils.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
self.all_old_log_probs, self.policy.action_masks,
self.policy.act_size)
action_idx = [0] + list(np.cumsum(self.policy.act_size))
self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
-tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=self.policy.
selected_actions[:, action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
logits=old_normalized_logits[:, action_idx[i]:
action_idx[i + 1]],
) for i in range(len(self.policy.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True,
)
def create_normalizer_update(self, vector_input):
# Based on Welford's algorithm for running mean and standard deviation, for batch updates. Discussion here:
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56402955/whats-the-formula-for-welfords-algorithm-for-variance-std-with-batch-updates
steps_increment = tf.shape(vector_input)[0]
total_new_steps = tf.add(self.normalization_steps, steps_increment)
# Compute the incremental update and divide by the number of new steps.
input_to_old_mean = tf.subtract(vector_input, self.running_mean)
new_mean = self.running_mean + tf.reduce_sum(
input_to_old_mean / tf.cast(total_new_steps, dtype=tf.float32),
axis=0)
# Compute difference of input to the new mean for Welford update
input_to_new_mean = tf.subtract(vector_input, new_mean)
new_variance = self.running_variance + tf.reduce_sum(
input_to_new_mean * input_to_old_mean, axis=0)
update_mean = tf.assign(self.running_mean, new_mean)
update_variance = tf.assign(self.running_variance, new_variance)
update_norm_step = tf.assign(self.normalization_steps, total_new_steps)
return tf.group([update_mean, update_variance, update_norm_step])
def create_inverse_model(self, encoded_state: tf.Tensor,
encoded_next_state: tf.Tensor) -> None:
"""
Creates inverse model TensorFlow ops for Curiosity module.
Predicts action taken given current and future encoded states.
:param encoded_state: Tensor corresponding to encoded current state.
:param encoded_next_state: Tensor corresponding to encoded next state.
"""
combined_input = tf.concat([encoded_state, encoded_next_state], axis=1)
hidden = tf.layers.dense(combined_input,
256,
activation=LearningModel.swish)
if self.policy_model.brain.vector_action_space_type == "continuous":
pred_action = tf.layers.dense(hidden,
self.policy_model.act_size[0],
activation=None)
squared_difference = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.squared_difference(pred_action,
self.policy_model.selected_actions),
axis=1,
)
self.inverse_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(squared_difference,
self.policy_model.mask, 2)[1])
else:
pred_action = tf.concat(
[
tf.layers.dense(hidden,
self.policy_model.act_size[i],
activation=tf.nn.softmax)
for i in range(len(self.policy_model.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_sum(
-tf.log(pred_action + 1e-10) *
self.policy_model.selected_actions,
axis=1,
)
self.inverse_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(cross_entropy, self.policy_model.mask,
2)[1])
def create_discrete_action_masking_layer(all_logits, action_masks,
action_size):
"""
Creates a masking layer for the discrete actions
:param all_logits: The concatenated unnormalized action probabilities for all branches
:param action_masks: The mask for the logits. Must be of dimension [None x total_number_of_action]
:param action_size: A list containing the number of possible actions for each branch
:return: The action output dimension [batch_size, num_branches], the concatenated
normalized probs (after softmax)
and the concatenated normalized log probs
"""
action_idx = [0] + list(np.cumsum(action_size))
branches_logits = [
all_logits[:, action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]]
for i in range(len(action_size))
]
branch_masks = [
action_masks[:, action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]]
for i in range(len(action_size))
]
raw_probs = [
tf.multiply(
tf.nn.softmax(branches_logits[k]) + EPSILON, branch_masks[k])
for k in range(len(action_size))
]
normalized_probs = [
tf.divide(raw_probs[k],
tf.reduce_sum(raw_probs[k], axis=1, keepdims=True))
for k in range(len(action_size))
]
output = tf.concat(
[
tf.multinomial(tf.log(normalized_probs[k] + EPSILON), 1)
for k in range(len(action_size))
],
axis=1,
)
return (
output,
tf.concat([normalized_probs[k] for k in range(len(action_size))],
axis=1),
tf.concat(
[
tf.log(normalized_probs[k] + EPSILON)
for k in range(len(action_size))
],
axis=1,
),
)
def create_loss(self, learning_rate: float) -> None:
"""
Creates the loss and update nodes for the GAIL reward generator
:param learning_rate: The learning rate for the optimizer
"""
self.mean_expert_estimate = tf.reduce_mean(self.expert_estimate)
self.mean_policy_estimate = tf.reduce_mean(self.policy_estimate)
if self.use_vail:
self.beta = tf.get_variable(
"gail_beta",
[],
trainable=False,
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.ones_initializer(),
)
self.discriminator_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(
tf.log(self.expert_estimate + EPSILON)
+ tf.log(1.0 - self.policy_estimate + EPSILON)
)
if self.use_vail:
# KL divergence loss (encourage latent representation to be normal)
self.kl_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
-tf.reduce_sum(
1
+ self.z_log_sigma_sq
- 0.5 * tf.square(self.z_mean_expert)
- 0.5 * tf.square(self.z_mean_policy)
- tf.exp(self.z_log_sigma_sq),
1,
)
)
self.loss = (
self.beta * (self.kl_loss - self.mutual_information)
+ self.discriminator_loss
)
else:
self.loss = self.discriminator_loss
if self.gradient_penalty_weight > 0.0:
self.loss += self.gradient_penalty_weight * self.create_gradient_magnitude()
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate)
self.update_batch = optimizer.minimize(self.loss)
def create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
branches_logits: List[tf.Tensor],
action_masks: tf.Tensor,
action_size: List[int],
) -> Tuple[tf.Tensor, tf.Tensor, tf.Tensor]:
"""
Creates a masking layer for the discrete actions
:param branches_logits: A List of the unnormalized action probabilities for each branch
:param action_masks: The mask for the logits. Must be of dimension [None x total_number_of_action]
:param action_size: A list containing the number of possible actions for each branch
:return: The action output dimension [batch_size, num_branches], the concatenated
normalized probs (after softmax)
and the concatenated normalized log probs
"""
branch_masks = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(action_masks,
action_size)
raw_probs = [
tf.multiply(
tf.nn.softmax(branches_logits[k]) + EPSILON, branch_masks[k])
for k in range(len(action_size))
]
normalized_probs = [
tf.divide(raw_probs[k],
tf.reduce_sum(raw_probs[k], axis=1, keepdims=True))
for k in range(len(action_size))
]
output = tf.concat(
[
tf.multinomial(tf.log(normalized_probs[k] + EPSILON), 1)
for k in range(len(action_size))
],
axis=1,
)
return (
output,
tf.concat([normalized_probs[k] for k in range(len(action_size))],
axis=1),
tf.concat(
[
tf.log(normalized_probs[k] + EPSILON)
for k in range(len(action_size))
],
axis=1,
),
)
def _create_entropy(self, all_log_probs: tf.Tensor, action_idx: List[int],
act_size: List[int]) -> tf.Tensor:
entropy = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=tf.nn.softmax(
all_log_probs[:, action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]]),
logits=all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
) for i in range(len(act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
)
return entropy
def __init__(
self,
logits: tf.Tensor,
act_size: List[int],
reparameterize: bool = False,
tanh_squash: bool = False,
condition_sigma: bool = True,
log_sigma_min: float = -20,
log_sigma_max: float = 2,
):
"""
A Gaussian output distribution for continuous actions.
:param logits: Hidden layer to use as the input to the Gaussian distribution.
:param act_size: List containing the number of continuous actions.
:param reparameterize: Whether or not to use the reparameterization trick (block gradients through
log probability calculation.)
:param tanh_squash: Squash the output using tanh, constraining it between -1 and 1.
From: Haarnoja et. al, https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01290
:param log_sigma_min: Minimum log standard deviation to clip by.
:param log_sigma_max: Maximum log standard deviation to clip by.
"""
encoded = self._create_mu_log_sigma(
logits,
act_size,
log_sigma_min,
log_sigma_max,
condition_sigma=condition_sigma,
)
self._sampled_policy = self._create_sampled_policy(encoded)
if not reparameterize:
_sampled_policy_probs = tf.stop_gradient(self._sampled_policy)
else:
_sampled_policy_probs = self._sampled_policy
self._all_probs = self._create_log_probs(_sampled_policy_probs,
encoded)
if tanh_squash:
self._sampled_policy = tf.tanh(self._sampled_policy)
self._all_probs = self._do_squash_correction_for_tanh(
self._all_probs, self._sampled_policy)
self._total_prob = tf.reduce_sum(self._all_probs,
axis=1,
keepdims=True)
self._entropy = self._create_entropy(encoded)
def _create_cc_critic(
self, h_size: int, num_layers: int, vis_encode_type: EncoderType
) -> None:
"""
Creates Continuous control critic (value) network.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
:param vis_encode_type: The type of visual encoder to use.
"""
hidden_stream = ModelUtils.create_observation_streams(
self.policy.visual_in,
self.policy.processed_vector_in,
1,
h_size,
num_layers,
vis_encode_type,
)[0]
if self.policy.use_recurrent:
hidden_value, memory_value_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_stream,
self.memory_in,
self.policy.sequence_length_ph,
name="lstm_value",
)
self.memory_out = memory_value_out
else:
hidden_value = hidden_stream
self.value_heads, self.value = ModelUtils.create_value_heads(
self.stream_names, hidden_value
)
self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, sum(self.policy.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="old_probabilities",
)
self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.identity(self.all_old_log_probs)), axis=1, keepdims=True
)
def _get_log_probs(
self,
sample_onehot: tf.Tensor,
all_log_probs: tf.Tensor,
action_idx: List[int],
act_size: List[int],
) -> tf.Tensor:
log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
-tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=sample_onehot[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
logits=all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
) for i in range(len(act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True,
)
return log_probs
def _create_losses(
self,
q1_streams: Dict[str, tf.Tensor],
q2_streams: Dict[str, tf.Tensor],
lr: tf.Tensor,
max_step: int,
stream_names: List[str],
discrete: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""
Creates training-specific Tensorflow ops for SAC models.
:param q1_streams: Q1 streams from policy network
:param q1_streams: Q2 streams from policy network
:param lr: Learning rate
:param max_step: Total number of training steps.
:param stream_names: List of reward stream names.
:param discrete: Whether or not to use discrete action losses.
"""
if discrete:
self.target_entropy = [
self.discrete_target_entropy_scale *
np.log(i).astype(np.float32) for i in self.act_size
]
discrete_action_probs = tf.exp(self.policy.all_log_probs)
per_action_entropy = discrete_action_probs * self.policy.all_log_probs
else:
self.target_entropy = (
-1 * self.continuous_target_entropy_scale *
np.prod(self.act_size[0]).astype(np.float32))
self.rewards_holders = {}
self.min_policy_qs = {}
for name in stream_names:
if discrete:
_branched_mpq1 = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
self.policy_network.q1_pheads[name] *
discrete_action_probs,
self.act_size,
)
branched_mpq1 = tf.stack([
tf.reduce_sum(_br, axis=1, keep_dims=True)
for _br in _branched_mpq1
])
_q1_p_mean = tf.reduce_mean(branched_mpq1, axis=0)
_branched_mpq2 = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
self.policy_network.q2_pheads[name] *
discrete_action_probs,
self.act_size,
)
branched_mpq2 = tf.stack([
tf.reduce_sum(_br, axis=1, keep_dims=True)
for _br in _branched_mpq2
])
_q2_p_mean = tf.reduce_mean(branched_mpq2, axis=0)
self.min_policy_qs[name] = tf.minimum(_q1_p_mean, _q2_p_mean)
else:
self.min_policy_qs[name] = tf.minimum(
self.policy_network.q1_pheads[name],
self.policy_network.q2_pheads[name],
)
rewards_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None],
dtype=tf.float32,
name=f"{name}_rewards")
self.rewards_holders[name] = rewards_holder
q1_losses = []
q2_losses = []
# Multiple q losses per stream
expanded_dones = tf.expand_dims(self.dones_holder, axis=-1)
for i, name in enumerate(stream_names):
_expanded_rewards = tf.expand_dims(self.rewards_holders[name],
axis=-1)
q_backup = tf.stop_gradient(
_expanded_rewards +
(1.0 - self.use_dones_in_backup[name] * expanded_dones) *
self.gammas[i] * self.target_network.value_heads[name])
if discrete:
# We need to break up the Q functions by branch, and update them individually.
branched_q1_stream = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
self.policy.selected_actions * q1_streams[name],
self.act_size)
branched_q2_stream = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
self.policy.selected_actions * q2_streams[name],
self.act_size)
# Reduce each branch into scalar
branched_q1_stream = [
tf.reduce_sum(_branch, axis=1, keep_dims=True)
for _branch in branched_q1_stream
]
branched_q2_stream = [
tf.reduce_sum(_branch, axis=1, keep_dims=True)
for _branch in branched_q2_stream
]
q1_stream = tf.reduce_mean(branched_q1_stream, axis=0)
q2_stream = tf.reduce_mean(branched_q2_stream, axis=0)
else:
q1_stream = q1_streams[name]
q2_stream = q2_streams[name]
_q1_loss = 0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) *
tf.squared_difference(q_backup, q1_stream))
_q2_loss = 0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) *
tf.squared_difference(q_backup, q2_stream))
q1_losses.append(_q1_loss)
q2_losses.append(_q2_loss)
self.q1_loss = tf.reduce_mean(q1_losses)
self.q2_loss = tf.reduce_mean(q2_losses)
# Learn entropy coefficient
if discrete:
# Create a log_ent_coef for each branch
self.log_ent_coef = tf.get_variable(
"log_ent_coef",
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=np.log([self.init_entcoef] *
len(self.act_size)).astype(np.float32),
trainable=True,
)
else:
self.log_ent_coef = tf.get_variable(
"log_ent_coef",
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=np.log(self.init_entcoef).astype(np.float32),
trainable=True,
)
self.ent_coef = tf.exp(self.log_ent_coef)
if discrete:
# We also have to do a different entropy and target_entropy per branch.
branched_per_action_ent = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
per_action_entropy, self.act_size)
branched_ent_sums = tf.stack(
[
tf.reduce_sum(_lp, axis=1, keep_dims=True) + _te for _lp,
_te in zip(branched_per_action_ent, self.target_entropy)
],
axis=1,
)
self.entropy_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) * tf.reduce_mean(
self.log_ent_coef *
tf.squeeze(tf.stop_gradient(branched_ent_sums), axis=2),
axis=1,
))
# Same with policy loss, we have to do the loss per branch and average them,
# so that larger branches don't get more weight.
# The equivalent KL divergence from Eq 10 of Haarnoja et al. is also pi*log(pi) - Q
branched_q_term = ModelUtils.break_into_branches(
discrete_action_probs * self.policy_network.q1_p,
self.act_size)
branched_policy_loss = tf.stack([
tf.reduce_sum(self.ent_coef[i] * _lp - _qt,
axis=1,
keep_dims=True)
for i, (_lp, _qt) in enumerate(
zip(branched_per_action_ent, branched_q_term))
])
self.policy_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) *
tf.squeeze(branched_policy_loss))
# Do vbackup entropy bonus per branch as well.
branched_ent_bonus = tf.stack([
tf.reduce_sum(self.ent_coef[i] * _lp, axis=1, keep_dims=True)
for i, _lp in enumerate(branched_per_action_ent)
])
value_losses = []
for name in stream_names:
v_backup = tf.stop_gradient(
self.min_policy_qs[name] -
tf.reduce_mean(branched_ent_bonus, axis=0))
value_losses.append(0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) * tf.squared_difference(
self.policy_network.value_heads[name], v_backup)))
else:
self.entropy_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(
self.log_ent_coef * tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) *
tf.stop_gradient(
tf.reduce_sum(
self.policy.all_log_probs + self.target_entropy,
axis=1,
keep_dims=True,
)))
batch_policy_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
self.ent_coef * self.policy.all_log_probs -
self.policy_network.q1_p,
axis=1,
)
self.policy_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) * batch_policy_loss)
value_losses = []
for name in stream_names:
v_backup = tf.stop_gradient(
self.min_policy_qs[name] - tf.reduce_sum(
self.ent_coef * self.policy.all_log_probs, axis=1))
value_losses.append(0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.to_float(self.policy.mask) * tf.squared_difference(
self.policy_network.value_heads[name], v_backup)))
self.value_loss = tf.reduce_mean(value_losses)
self.total_value_loss = self.q1_loss + self.q2_loss + self.value_loss
self.entropy = self.policy_network.entropy
def create_dc_actor_critic(self, h_size: int, num_layers: int,
vis_encode_type: EncoderType) -> None:
"""
Creates Discrete control actor-critic model.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
"""
hidden_streams = self.create_observation_streams(
1, h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type)
hidden = hidden_streams[0]
if self.use_recurrent:
self.prev_action = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
len(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="prev_action")
prev_action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.prev_action[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
hidden = tf.concat([hidden, prev_action_oh], axis=1)
self.memory_in = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.m_size],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="recurrent_in")
hidden, memory_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden, self.memory_in, self.sequence_length)
self.memory_out = tf.identity(memory_out, name="recurrent_out")
policy_branches = []
for size in self.act_size:
policy_branches.append(
tf.layers.dense(
hidden,
size,
activation=None,
use_bias=False,
kernel_initializer=LearningModel.scaled_init(0.01),
))
self.all_log_probs = tf.concat(policy_branches,
axis=1,
name="action_probs")
self.action_masks = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
sum(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="action_masks")
output, _, normalized_logits = self.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
self.all_log_probs, self.action_masks, self.act_size)
self.output = tf.identity(output)
self.normalized_logits = tf.identity(normalized_logits, name="action")
self.create_value_heads(self.stream_names, hidden)
self.action_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
len(policy_branches)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="action_holder")
self.action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.action_holder[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(self.action_oh)
self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, sum(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="old_probabilities")
_, _, old_normalized_logits = self.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
self.all_old_log_probs, self.action_masks, self.act_size)
action_idx = [0] + list(np.cumsum(self.act_size))
self.entropy = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=tf.nn.softmax(
self.all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]]),
logits=self.all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]],
) for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
)
self.log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
-tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=self.action_oh[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
logits=normalized_logits[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]],
) for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True,
)
self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
-tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=self.action_oh[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
logits=old_normalized_logits[:, action_idx[i]:
action_idx[i + 1]],
) for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True,
)
def create_cc_actor_critic(self, h_size: int, num_layers: int,
vis_encode_type: EncoderType) -> None:
"""
Creates Continuous control actor-critic model.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
"""
hidden_streams = self.create_observation_streams(
2, h_size, num_layers, vis_encode_type)
if self.use_recurrent:
self.memory_in = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.m_size],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="recurrent_in")
_half_point = int(self.m_size / 2)
hidden_policy, memory_policy_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_streams[0],
self.memory_in[:, :_half_point],
self.sequence_length,
name="lstm_policy",
)
hidden_value, memory_value_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_streams[1],
self.memory_in[:, _half_point:],
self.sequence_length,
name="lstm_value",
)
self.memory_out = tf.concat([memory_policy_out, memory_value_out],
axis=1,
name="recurrent_out")
else:
hidden_policy = hidden_streams[0]
hidden_value = hidden_streams[1]
mu = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
kernel_initializer=LearningModel.scaled_init(0.01),
reuse=tf.AUTO_REUSE,
)
self.log_sigma_sq = tf.get_variable(
"log_sigma_squared",
[self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer(),
)
sigma_sq = tf.exp(self.log_sigma_sq)
self.epsilon = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="epsilon")
# Clip and scale output to ensure actions are always within [-1, 1] range.
self.output_pre = mu + tf.sqrt(sigma_sq) * self.epsilon
output_post = tf.clip_by_value(self.output_pre, -3, 3) / 3
self.output = tf.identity(output_post, name="action")
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(output_post)
# Compute probability of model output.
all_probs = (-0.5 * tf.square(tf.stop_gradient(self.output_pre) - mu) /
sigma_sq - 0.5 * tf.log(2.0 * np.pi) -
0.5 * self.log_sigma_sq)
self.all_log_probs = tf.identity(all_probs, name="action_probs")
self.entropy = 0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.log(2 * np.pi * np.e) + self.log_sigma_sq)
self.create_value_heads(self.stream_names, hidden_value)
self.all_old_log_probs = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="old_probabilities")
# We keep these tensors the same name, but use new nodes to keep code parallelism with discrete control.
self.log_probs = tf.reduce_sum((tf.identity(self.all_log_probs)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True)
self.old_log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.identity(self.all_old_log_probs)), axis=1, keepdims=True)
def __init__(
self,
brain,
h_size=128,
lr=1e-4,
n_layers=2,
m_size=128,
normalize=False,
use_recurrent=False,
seed=0,
):
LearningModel.__init__(self, m_size, normalize, use_recurrent, brain, seed)
num_streams = 1
hidden_streams = self.create_observation_streams(num_streams, h_size, n_layers)
hidden = hidden_streams[0]
self.dropout_rate = tf.placeholder(
dtype=tf.float32, shape=[], name="dropout_rate"
)
hidden_reg = tf.layers.dropout(hidden, self.dropout_rate)
if self.use_recurrent:
tf.Variable(
self.m_size, name="memory_size", trainable=False, dtype=tf.int32
)
self.memory_in = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, self.m_size], dtype=tf.float32, name="recurrent_in"
)
hidden_reg, self.memory_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_reg, self.memory_in, self.sequence_length
)
self.memory_out = tf.identity(self.memory_out, name="recurrent_out")
if brain.vector_action_space_type == "discrete":
policy_branches = []
for size in self.act_size:
policy_branches.append(
tf.layers.dense(
hidden_reg,
size,
activation=None,
use_bias=False,
kernel_initializer=tf.initializers.variance_scaling(0.01),
)
)
self.action_probs = tf.concat(
[tf.nn.softmax(branch) for branch in policy_branches],
axis=1,
name="action_probs",
)
self.action_masks = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, sum(self.act_size)], dtype=tf.float32, name="action_masks"
)
self.sample_action_float, _, normalized_logits = self.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
tf.concat(policy_branches, axis=1), self.action_masks, self.act_size
)
tf.identity(normalized_logits, name="action")
self.sample_action = tf.cast(self.sample_action_float, tf.int32)
self.true_action = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, len(policy_branches)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="teacher_action",
)
self.action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.true_action[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
self.loss = tf.reduce_sum(
-tf.log(self.action_probs + 1e-10) * self.action_oh
)
self.action_percent = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.cast(
tf.equal(
tf.cast(tf.argmax(self.action_probs, axis=1), tf.int32),
self.sample_action,
),
tf.float32,
)
)
else:
self.policy = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_reg,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
use_bias=False,
name="pre_action",
kernel_initializer=tf.initializers.variance_scaling(0.01),
)
self.clipped_sample_action = tf.clip_by_value(self.policy, -1, 1)
self.sample_action = tf.identity(self.clipped_sample_action, name="action")
self.true_action = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, self.act_size[0]], dtype=tf.float32, name="teacher_action"
)
self.clipped_true_action = tf.clip_by_value(self.true_action, -1, 1)
self.loss = tf.reduce_sum(
tf.squared_difference(self.clipped_true_action, self.sample_action)
)
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=lr)
self.update = optimizer.minimize(self.loss)
def create_dc_actor(self, hidden_policy, scope):
"""
Creates Discrete control actor for SAC.
:param hidden_policy: Output of feature extractor (i.e. the input for vector obs, output of CNN for visual obs).
:param num_layers: TF scope to assign whatever is created in this block.
"""
scope = self.join_scopes(scope, "policy")
# Create inputs outside of the scope
self.action_masks = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
sum(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="action_masks")
if self.use_recurrent:
self.prev_action = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
len(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="prev_action")
with tf.variable_scope(scope):
hidden_policy = self.create_vector_observation_encoder(
hidden_policy,
self.h_size,
self.activ_fn,
self.num_layers,
"encoder",
False,
)
if self.use_recurrent:
prev_action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.prev_action[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
hidden_policy = tf.concat([hidden_policy, prev_action_oh], axis=1)
hidden_policy, memory_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_policy,
self.policy_memory_in,
self.sequence_length,
name="lstm_policy",
)
self.policy_memory_out = memory_out
with tf.variable_scope(scope):
policy_branches = []
for size in self.act_size:
policy_branches.append(
tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
size,
activation=None,
use_bias=False,
kernel_initializer=tf.initializers.variance_scaling(
0.01),
))
all_logits = tf.concat(policy_branches,
axis=1,
name="action_probs")
output, normalized_probs, normalized_logprobs = self.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
all_logits, self.action_masks, self.act_size)
self.action_probs = normalized_probs
# Really, this is entropy, but it has an analogous purpose to the log probs in the
# continuous case.
self.all_log_probs = self.action_probs * normalized_logprobs
self.output = output
# Create action input (discrete)
self.action_holder = tf.placeholder(
shape=[None, len(policy_branches)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="action_holder")
self.output_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.action_holder[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
# For Curiosity and GAIL to retrieve selected actions. We don't
# need the mask at this point because it's already stored in the buffer.
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(self.output_oh)
self.external_action_in = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.action_holder[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
# This is total entropy over all branches
self.entropy = -1 * tf.reduce_sum(self.all_log_probs, axis=1)
# Extract the normalized logprobs for Barracuda
self.normalized_logprobs = tf.identity(normalized_logprobs,
name="action")
# We kept the LSTMs at a different scope than the rest, so add them if they exist.
self.policy_vars = self.get_vars(scope)
if self.use_recurrent:
self.policy_vars += self.get_vars("lstm")
def create_cc_actor(self, hidden_policy, scope):
"""
Creates Continuous control actor for SAC.
:param hidden_policy: Output of feature extractor (i.e. the input for vector obs, output of CNN for visual obs).
:param num_layers: TF scope to assign whatever is created in this block.
"""
# Create action input (continuous)
self.action_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="action_holder")
self.external_action_in = self.action_holder
scope = self.join_scopes(scope, "policy")
with tf.variable_scope(scope):
hidden_policy = self.create_vector_observation_encoder(
hidden_policy,
self.h_size,
self.activ_fn,
self.num_layers,
"encoder",
False,
)
if self.use_recurrent:
hidden_policy, memory_out = self.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_policy,
self.policy_memory_in,
self.sequence_length,
name="lstm_policy",
)
self.policy_memory_out = memory_out
with tf.variable_scope(scope):
mu = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
name="mu",
kernel_initializer=LearningModel.scaled_init(0.01),
)
# Policy-dependent log_sigma_sq
log_sigma_sq = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
name="log_std",
kernel_initializer=LearningModel.scaled_init(0.01),
)
self.log_sigma_sq = tf.clip_by_value(log_sigma_sq, LOG_STD_MIN,
LOG_STD_MAX)
sigma_sq = tf.exp(self.log_sigma_sq)
# Do the reparameterization trick
policy_ = mu + tf.random_normal(tf.shape(mu)) * sigma_sq
_gauss_pre = -0.5 * (((policy_ - mu) /
(tf.exp(self.log_sigma_sq) + EPSILON))**2 +
2 * self.log_sigma_sq + np.log(2 * np.pi))
all_probs = tf.reduce_sum(_gauss_pre, axis=1, keepdims=True)
self.entropy = tf.reduce_sum(self.log_sigma_sq +
0.5 * np.log(2.0 * np.pi * np.e),
axis=-1)
# Squash probabilities
# Keep deterministic around in case we want to use it.
self.deterministic_output = tf.tanh(mu)
# Note that this is just for symmetry with PPO.
self.output_pre = tf.tanh(policy_)
# Squash correction
all_probs -= tf.reduce_sum(tf.log(1 - self.output_pre**2 +
EPSILON),
axis=1,
keepdims=True)
self.all_log_probs = all_probs
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(self.output_pre)
self.action_probs = all_probs
# Extract output for Barracuda
self.output = tf.identity(self.output_pre, name="action")
# Get all policy vars
self.policy_vars = self.get_vars(scope)
def _create_dc_actor(self, encoded: tf.Tensor) -> None:
"""
Creates Discrete control actor-critic model.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
:param vis_encode_type: Type of visual encoder to use if visual input.
"""
if self.use_recurrent:
self.prev_action = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
len(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="prev_action")
prev_action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.prev_action[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
hidden_policy = tf.concat([encoded, prev_action_oh], axis=1)
self.memory_in = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.m_size],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="recurrent_in")
hidden_policy, memory_policy_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder(
hidden_policy,
self.memory_in,
self.sequence_length_ph,
name="lstm_policy",
)
self.memory_out = tf.identity(memory_policy_out, "recurrent_out")
else:
hidden_policy = encoded
policy_branches = []
with tf.variable_scope("policy"):
for size in self.act_size:
policy_branches.append(
tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
size,
activation=None,
use_bias=False,
kernel_initializer=ModelUtils.scaled_init(0.01),
))
raw_log_probs = tf.concat(policy_branches, axis=1, name="action_probs")
self.action_masks = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
sum(self.act_size)],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="action_masks")
output, self.action_probs, normalized_logits = ModelUtils.create_discrete_action_masking_layer(
raw_log_probs, self.action_masks, self.act_size)
self.output = tf.identity(output)
self.all_log_probs = tf.identity(normalized_logits, name="action")
self.action_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None,
len(policy_branches)],
dtype=tf.int32,
name="action_holder")
self.action_oh = tf.concat(
[
tf.one_hot(self.action_holder[:, i], self.act_size[i])
for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(self.action_oh)
action_idx = [0] + list(np.cumsum(self.act_size))
self.entropy = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=tf.nn.softmax(
self.all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]]),
logits=self.all_log_probs[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]],
) for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
)
self.log_probs = tf.reduce_sum(
(tf.stack(
[
-tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits_v2(
labels=self.action_oh[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i + 1]],
logits=normalized_logits[:,
action_idx[i]:action_idx[i +
1]],
) for i in range(len(self.act_size))
],
axis=1,
)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True,
)
def _create_losses(self, probs, old_probs, value_heads, entropy, beta,
epsilon, lr, max_step):
"""
Creates training-specific Tensorflow ops for PPO models.
:param probs: Current policy probabilities
:param old_probs: Past policy probabilities
:param value_heads: Value estimate tensors from each value stream
:param beta: Entropy regularization strength
:param entropy: Current policy entropy
:param epsilon: Value for policy-divergence threshold
:param lr: Learning rate
:param max_step: Total number of training steps.
"""
self.returns_holders = {}
self.old_values = {}
for name in value_heads.keys():
returns_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="{}_returns".format(name))
old_value = tf.placeholder(shape=[None],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="{}_value_estimate".format(name))
self.returns_holders[name] = returns_holder
self.old_values[name] = old_value
self.advantage = tf.placeholder(shape=[None],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="advantages")
advantage = tf.expand_dims(self.advantage, -1)
decay_epsilon = tf.train.polynomial_decay(epsilon,
self.policy.global_step,
max_step,
0.1,
power=1.0)
decay_beta = tf.train.polynomial_decay(beta,
self.policy.global_step,
max_step,
1e-5,
power=1.0)
value_losses = []
for name, head in value_heads.items():
clipped_value_estimate = self.old_values[name] + tf.clip_by_value(
tf.reduce_sum(head, axis=1) - self.old_values[name],
-decay_epsilon,
decay_epsilon,
)
v_opt_a = tf.squared_difference(self.returns_holders[name],
tf.reduce_sum(head, axis=1))
v_opt_b = tf.squared_difference(self.returns_holders[name],
clipped_value_estimate)
value_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(tf.maximum(v_opt_a, v_opt_b),
self.policy.mask, 2)[1])
value_losses.append(value_loss)
self.value_loss = tf.reduce_mean(value_losses)
r_theta = tf.exp(probs - old_probs)
p_opt_a = r_theta * advantage
p_opt_b = (tf.clip_by_value(r_theta, 1.0 - decay_epsilon,
1.0 + decay_epsilon) * advantage)
self.policy_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(tf.minimum(p_opt_a, p_opt_b),
self.policy.mask, 2)[1])
# For cleaner stats reporting
self.abs_policy_loss = tf.abs(self.policy_loss)
self.loss = (
self.policy_loss + 0.5 * self.value_loss -
decay_beta * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.dynamic_partition(entropy, self.policy.mask, 2)[1]))
def _create_cc_actor(
self,
encoded: tf.Tensor,
tanh_squash: bool = False,
reparameterize: bool = False,
condition_sigma_on_obs: bool = True,
) -> None:
"""
Creates Continuous control actor-critic model.
:param h_size: Size of hidden linear layers.
:param num_layers: Number of hidden linear layers.
:param vis_encode_type: Type of visual encoder to use if visual input.
:param tanh_squash: Whether to use a tanh function, or a clipped output.
:param reparameterize: Whether we are using the resampling trick to update the policy.
"""
if self.use_recurrent:
self.memory_in = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.m_size],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="recurrent_in")
hidden_policy, memory_policy_out = ModelUtils.create_recurrent_encoder(
encoded,
self.memory_in,
self.sequence_length_ph,
name="lstm_policy")
self.memory_out = tf.identity(memory_policy_out,
name="recurrent_out")
else:
hidden_policy = encoded
with tf.variable_scope("policy"):
mu = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
name="mu",
kernel_initializer=ModelUtils.scaled_init(0.01),
reuse=tf.AUTO_REUSE,
)
# Policy-dependent log_sigma
if condition_sigma_on_obs:
log_sigma = tf.layers.dense(
hidden_policy,
self.act_size[0],
activation=None,
name="log_sigma",
kernel_initializer=ModelUtils.scaled_init(0.01),
)
else:
log_sigma = tf.get_variable(
"log_sigma",
[self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer(),
)
log_sigma = tf.clip_by_value(log_sigma, self.log_std_min,
self.log_std_max)
sigma = tf.exp(log_sigma)
epsilon = tf.random_normal(tf.shape(mu))
sampled_policy = mu + sigma * epsilon
# Stop gradient if we're not doing the resampling trick
if not reparameterize:
sampled_policy_probs = tf.stop_gradient(sampled_policy)
else:
sampled_policy_probs = sampled_policy
# Compute probability of model output.
_gauss_pre = -0.5 * (
((sampled_policy_probs - mu) /
(sigma + EPSILON))**2 + 2 * log_sigma + np.log(2 * np.pi))
all_probs = _gauss_pre
all_probs = tf.reduce_sum(_gauss_pre, axis=1, keepdims=True)
if tanh_squash:
self.output_pre = tf.tanh(sampled_policy)
# Squash correction
all_probs -= tf.reduce_sum(tf.log(1 - self.output_pre**2 +
EPSILON),
axis=1,
keepdims=True)
self.output = tf.identity(self.output_pre, name="action")
else:
self.output_pre = sampled_policy
# Clip and scale output to ensure actions are always within [-1, 1] range.
output_post = tf.clip_by_value(self.output_pre, -3, 3) / 3
self.output = tf.identity(output_post, name="action")
self.selected_actions = tf.stop_gradient(self.output)
self.all_log_probs = tf.identity(all_probs, name="action_probs")
single_dim_entropy = 0.5 * tf.reduce_mean(
tf.log(2 * np.pi * np.e) + 2 * log_sigma)
# Make entropy the right shape
self.entropy = tf.ones_like(tf.reshape(mu[:, 0],
[-1])) * single_dim_entropy
# We keep these tensors the same name, but use new nodes to keep code parallelism with discrete control.
self.log_probs = tf.reduce_sum((tf.identity(self.all_log_probs)),
axis=1,
keepdims=True)
self.action_holder = tf.placeholder(shape=[None, self.act_size[0]],
dtype=tf.float32,
name="action_holder")
