def test_am_basic(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
"""Basic associative memory test."""
d = 64
vocab = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab.populate("A; B; C; D")
with spa.Network("model", seed=seed) as m:
m.am = ThresholdingAssocMem(
threshold=0.3,
input_vocab=vocab,
mapping=vocab.keys(),
function=filtered_step_fn,
)
spa.sym.A >> m.am
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.2)
t = sim.trange()
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab))
plt.ylabel("Input")
plt.ylim(top=1.1)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[out_p], vocab))
plt.plot(t[t > 0.15], np.ones(t.shape)[t > 0.15] * 0.95, c="g", lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output")
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[in_p], vocab["A"], skip=0.15, atol=0.05)
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab["A"], skip=0.15)
def test_invalid_dimensions():
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
Vocabulary(1.5)
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
Vocabulary(0)
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
Vocabulary(-1)
def test_added_algebra_match(rng):
v = Vocabulary(4, algebra=VtbAlgebra())
sp = v.create_pointer()
assert sp.algebra is VtbAlgebra()
v.add("V", sp)
assert v["V"].vocab is v
assert v["V"].algebra is VtbAlgebra()
assert v["V"].name == "V"
def test_subset(rng, algebra):
v1 = Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=rng, algebra=algebra)
v1.populate("A; B; C; D; E; F; G")
# Test creating a vocabulary subset
v2 = v1.create_subset(["A", "C", "E"])
assert list(v2.keys()) == ["A", "C", "E"]
assert_equal(v2["A"].v, v1["A"].v)
assert_equal(v2["C"].v, v1["C"].v)
assert_equal(v2["E"].v, v1["E"].v)
assert v1.algebra is v2.algebra
def test_subset(rng, algebra):
v1 = Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=rng, algebra=algebra)
v1.populate('A; B; C; D; E; F; G')
# Test creating a vocabulary subset
v2 = v1.create_subset(['A', 'C', 'E'])
assert list(v2.keys()) == ['A', 'C', 'E']
assert_equal(v2['A'].v, v1['A'].v)
assert_equal(v2['C'].v, v1['C'].v)
assert_equal(v2['E'].v, v1['E'].v)
assert v1.algebra is v2.algebra
def test_am_wta(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
"""Test the winner-take-all ability of the associative memory."""
d = 64
vocab = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab.populate("A; B; C; D")
def input_func(t):
if t < 0.2:
return "A + 0.8 * B"
elif t < 0.3:
return "0"
else:
return "0.8 * A + B"
with spa.Network("model", seed=seed) as m:
m.am = WTAAssocMem(
threshold=0.3,
input_vocab=vocab,
mapping=vocab.keys(),
function=filtered_step_fn,
)
m.stimulus = spa.Transcode(input_func, output_vocab=vocab)
m.stimulus >> m.am
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.5)
t = sim.trange()
more_a = (t > 0.15) & (t < 0.2)
more_b = t > 0.45
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab))
plt.ylabel("Input")
plt.ylim(top=1.1)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[out_p], vocab))
plt.plot(t[more_a], np.ones(t.shape)[more_a] * 0.9, c="g", lw=2)
plt.plot(t[more_b], np.ones(t.shape)[more_b] * 0.9, c="g", lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output")
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab["A"], skip=0.15, duration=0.05)
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab["B"], skip=0.45, duration=0.05)
def test_vocabulary_map_param():
class Test(object):
vocab_map = VocabularyMapParam('vocab_map', readonly=False)
obj = Test()
vm = VocabularyMap()
v16 = Vocabulary(16)
v32 = Vocabulary(32)
obj.vocab_map = vm
assert obj.vocab_map is vm
obj.vocab_map = [v16, v32]
assert obj.vocab_map[16] is v16
assert obj.vocab_map[32] is v32
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
obj.vocab_map = 'incompatible'
def test_am_ia(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
"""Test the winner-take-all ability of the IA memory."""
d = 64
vocab = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab.populate("A; B; C; D")
def input_func(t):
if t < 0.2:
return "A + 0.8 * B"
else:
return "0.6 * A + B"
with spa.Network("model", seed=seed) as m:
m.am = IAAssocMem(input_vocab=vocab, mapping=vocab.keys())
m.stimulus = spa.Transcode(input_func, output_vocab=vocab)
m.reset = nengo.Node(lambda t: 0.2 < t < 0.4)
m.stimulus >> m.am
nengo.Connection(m.reset, m.am.input_reset, synapse=0.1)
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
reset_p = nengo.Probe(m.reset)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with nengo.Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.7)
t = sim.trange()
more_a = (t > 0.15) & (t < 0.2)
more_b = t > 0.65
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab))
plt.plot(t, sim.data[reset_p], c="k", linestyle="--")
plt.ylabel("Input")
plt.ylim(top=1.1)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[out_p], vocab))
plt.plot(t[more_a], np.ones(t.shape)[more_a] * 0.9, c="tab:blue", lw=2)
plt.plot(t[more_b], np.ones(t.shape)[more_b] * 0.9, c="tab:orange", lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output")
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab["A"], skip=0.15, duration=0.05)
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab["B"], skip=0.65, duration=0.05)
def test_readonly(rng):
v1 = Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=rng)
v1.populate('A;B;C')
v1.readonly = True
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
v1.parse('D')
def test_vocabulary_set(rng):
v8 = Vocabulary(8)
v16 = Vocabulary(16)
v32 = Vocabulary(32)
vs = VocabularyMap([v8, v16], rng=rng)
# Behaviour common to set and dict
assert len(vs) == 2
assert 8 in vs
assert 16 in vs
assert 32 not in vs
assert v8 in vs
assert v16 in vs
assert v32 not in vs
assert Vocabulary(8) not in vs
# dict behaviour
assert vs[8] is v8
assert vs[16] is v16
del vs[8]
assert 8 not in vs
# set behaviour
vs.add(v32)
assert vs[32] is v32
with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
vs.add(v32)
vs.discard(32)
assert 32 not in vs
vs.discard(v16)
assert 16 not in vs
# creating new vocabs if non existent
vs.add(v8)
assert vs.get_or_create(8) is v8
new = vs.get_or_create(16)
assert vs[16] is new
assert new.dimensions == 16
assert new.pointer_gen.rng is rng
def test_am_default_output(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
d = 64
vocab = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab.populate("A; B; C; D")
def input_func(t):
return "0.2 * A" if t < 0.25 else "A"
with spa.Network("model", seed=seed) as m:
m.am = ThresholdingAssocMem(
threshold=0.5,
input_vocab=vocab,
mapping=vocab.keys(),
function=filtered_step_fn,
)
m.am.add_default_output("D", 0.5)
m.stimulus = spa.Transcode(input_func, output_vocab=vocab)
m.stimulus >> m.am
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.5)
t = sim.trange()
below_th = (t > 0.15) & (t < 0.25)
above_th = t > 0.4
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab))
plt.ylabel("Input")
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[out_p], vocab))
plt.plot(t[below_th], np.ones(t.shape)[below_th] * 0.9, c="c", lw=2)
plt.plot(t[above_th], np.ones(t.shape)[above_th] * 0.9, c="b", lw=2)
plt.plot(t[above_th], np.ones(t.shape)[above_th] * 0.1, c="c", lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output")
assert np.all(similarity(sim.data[out_p][below_th], [vocab["D"].v]) > 0.9)
assert np.all(similarity(sim.data[out_p][above_th], [vocab["D"].v]) < 0.15)
assert np.all(similarity(sim.data[out_p][above_th], [vocab["A"].v]) > 0.9)
def test_vocabulary_or_dim_param():
v16 = Vocabulary(16)
v32 = Vocabulary(32)
class Test(object):
vocabs = VocabularyMap([v16])
vocab = VocabularyOrDimParam('vocab', readonly=False)
obj = Test()
obj.vocab = v32
assert obj.vocab is v32
obj.vocab = 16
assert obj.vocab is v16
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
obj.vocab = 'incompatible'
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
obj.vocab = 0
def test_add_raises_exception_for_algebra_mismatch():
v = Vocabulary(4, algebra=HrrAlgebra())
with pytest.raises(ValidationError,
match="different vocabulary or algebra"):
v.add("V", SemanticPointer(np.ones(4), algebra=VtbAlgebra()))
v.add("V",
SemanticPointer(np.ones(4), algebra=VtbAlgebra()).reinterpret(v))
def test_parse_n(rng):
v = Vocabulary(64, pointer_gen=rng)
v.populate('A; B; C')
A = v.parse('A')
B = v.parse('B')
parsed = v.parse_n('A', 'A*B', 'A+B', '3')
assert np.allclose(parsed[0].v, A.v)
assert np.allclose(parsed[1].v, (A * B).v)
assert np.allclose(parsed[2].v, (A + B).v)
# FIXME should give an exception?
assert np.allclose(parsed[3].v, 3 * v['Identity'].v)
def test_parse_n(rng):
v = Vocabulary(64, pointer_gen=rng)
v.populate("A; B; C")
A = v.parse("A")
B = v.parse("B")
parsed = v.parse_n("A", "A*B", "A+B", "3")
assert np.allclose(parsed[0].v, A.v)
assert np.allclose(parsed[1].v, (A * B).v)
assert np.allclose(parsed[2].v, (A + B).v)
# FIXME should give an exception?
assert np.allclose(parsed[3].v, 3 * v["Identity"].v)
def test_am_threshold(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
"""Associative memory thresholding with differing input/output vocabs."""
d = 64
vocab = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab.populate("A; B; C; D")
d2 = int(d / 2)
vocab2 = Vocabulary(d2, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab2.populate("A; B; C; D")
def input_func(t):
return "0.49 * A" if t < 0.1 else "0.8 * B"
with spa.Network("model", seed=seed) as m:
m.am = ThresholdingAssocMem(
threshold=0.5,
input_vocab=vocab,
output_vocab=vocab2,
function=filtered_step_fn,
mapping="by-key",
)
m.stimulus = spa.Transcode(input_func, output_vocab=vocab)
m.stimulus >> m.am
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.3)
t = sim.trange()
below_th = t < 0.1
above_th = t > 0.25
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab))
plt.ylabel("Input")
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[out_p], vocab2))
plt.plot(t[above_th], np.ones(t.shape)[above_th] * 0.9, c="g", lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output")
assert np.mean(sim.data[out_p][below_th]) < 0.01
assert_sp_close(t, sim.data[out_p], vocab2["B"], skip=0.25, duration=0.05)
def test_vocabulary_tracking(rng):
v = Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=rng)
v.populate('A')
assert v['A'].vocab is v
assert v.parse('2 * A').vocab is v
def test_populate_with_transform_on_nonstrict_vocab(rng):
v = Vocabulary(64, pointer_gen=rng, strict=False)
v.populate('A.unitary()')
assert 'A' in v
assert np.allclose(v['A'].v, v['A'].unitary().v)
def test_am_spa_keys_as_expressions(Simulator, plt, seed, rng):
"""Provide semantic pointer expressions as input and output keys."""
d = 64
vocab_in = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab_out = Vocabulary(d, pointer_gen=rng)
vocab_in.populate("A; B")
vocab_out.populate("C; D")
in_keys = ["A", "A*B"]
out_keys = ["C*D", "C+D"]
mapping = dict(zip(in_keys, out_keys))
with spa.Network(seed=seed) as m:
m.am = ThresholdingAssocMem(threshold=0.3,
input_vocab=vocab_in,
output_vocab=vocab_out,
mapping=mapping)
m.inp = spa.Transcode(lambda t: "A" if t < 0.1 else "A*B",
output_vocab=vocab_in)
m.inp >> m.am
in_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.input)
out_p = nengo.Probe(m.am.output, synapse=0.03)
with nengo.Simulator(m) as sim:
sim.run(0.2)
# Specify t ranges
t = sim.trange()
t_item1 = (t > 0.075) & (t < 0.1)
t_item2 = (t > 0.175) & (t < 0.2)
# Modify vocabularies (for plotting purposes)
vocab_in.add("AxB", vocab_in.parse(in_keys[1]).v)
vocab_out.add("CxD", vocab_out.parse(out_keys[0]).v)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t, similarity(sim.data[in_p], vocab_in))
plt.ylabel("Input: " + ", ".join(in_keys))
plt.legend(vocab_in.keys(), loc="best")
plt.ylim(top=1.1)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
for t_item, c, k in zip([t_item1, t_item2], ["b", "g"], out_keys):
plt.plot(
t,
similarity(sim.data[out_p], [vocab_out.parse(k).v],
normalize=True),
label=k,
c=c,
)
plt.plot(t[t_item], np.ones(t.shape)[t_item] * 0.9, c=c, lw=2)
plt.ylabel("Output: " + ", ".join(out_keys))
plt.legend(loc="best")
assert (np.mean(
similarity(sim.data[out_p][t_item1],
vocab_out.parse(out_keys[0]).v,
normalize=True)) > 0.9)
assert (np.mean(
similarity(sim.data[out_p][t_item2],
vocab_out.parse(out_keys[1]).v,
normalize=True)) > 0.9)
def test_add(rng):
v = Vocabulary(3, pointer_gen=rng)
v.add('A', [1, 2, 3])
v.add('B', [4, 5, 6])
v.add('C', [7, 8, 9])
assert np.allclose(v.vectors, [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
def test_parse(rng):
v = Vocabulary(64, pointer_gen=rng)
v.populate('A; B; C')
A = v.parse('A')
B = v.parse('B')
C = v.parse('C')
assert np.allclose((A * B).v, v.parse('A * B').v)
assert np.allclose((A * ~B).v, v.parse('A * ~B').v)
assert np.allclose((A + B).v, v.parse('A + B').v)
assert np.allclose((A - (B * C) * 3 + ~C).v, v.parse('A-(B*C)*3+~C').v)
assert np.allclose(v.parse('0').v, np.zeros(64))
assert np.allclose(v.parse('1').v, np.eye(64)[0])
assert np.allclose(v.parse('1.7').v, np.eye(64)[0] * 1.7)
with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
v.parse('A((')
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.parse('"hello"')
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.parse('"hello"')
def test_reserved_names(name):
v = Vocabulary(16)
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.populate(name)
def test_special_sps(name, sp):
v = Vocabulary(16)
assert name in v
assert np.allclose(v[name].v, sp(16).v)
assert np.allclose(v.parse(name).v, sp(16).v)
def test_pointer_gen():
v = Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=AxisAlignedVectors(32))
v.populate('A; B; C')
assert np.all(v.vectors == np.eye(32)[:3])
def test_invalid_pointer_gen(pointer_gen):
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
Vocabulary(32, pointer_gen=pointer_gen)
def test_pointer_names():
v = Vocabulary(16)
v.populate('A; B')
assert v['A'].name == 'A'
assert v.parse('A*B').name == '(A)*(B)'
def test_capital(rng):
v = Vocabulary(16, pointer_gen=rng)
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.parse('a')
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.parse('A+B+C+a')
def test_transform(recwarn, rng, solver):
v1 = Vocabulary(32, strict=False, pointer_gen=rng)
v2 = Vocabulary(64, strict=False, pointer_gen=rng)
v1.populate('A; B; C')
v2.populate('A; B; C')
A = v1['A']
B = v1['B']
C = v1['C']
# Test transform from v1 to v2 (full vocbulary)
# Expected: np.dot(t, A.v) ~= v2.parse('A')
# Expected: np.dot(t, B.v) ~= v2.parse('B')
# Expected: np.dot(t, C.v) ~= v2.parse('C')
t = v1.transform_to(v2, solver=solver)
assert v2.parse('A').compare(np.dot(t, A.v)) > 0.85
assert v2.parse('C+B').compare(np.dot(t, C.v + B.v)) > 0.85
# Test transform from v1 to v2 (only 'A' and 'B')
t = v1.transform_to(v2, keys=['A', 'B'], solver=solver)
assert v2.parse('A').compare(np.dot(t, A.v)) > 0.85
assert v2.parse('B').compare(np.dot(t, C.v + B.v)) > 0.85
# Test warns on missing keys
v1.populate('D')
D = v1['D']
with pytest.warns(NengoWarning):
v1.transform_to(v2, solver=solver)
# Test populating missing keys
t = v1.transform_to(v2, populate=True, solver=solver)
assert v2.parse('D').compare(np.dot(t, D.v)) > 0.85
# Test ignores missing keys in source vocab
v2.populate('E')
v1.transform_to(v2, populate=True, solver=solver)
assert 'E' not in v1
def test_create_pointer_warning(rng):
v = Vocabulary(2, pointer_gen=rng)
# five pointers shouldn't fit
with pytest.warns(UserWarning):
v.populate('A; B; C; D; E')
def test_populate(rng):
v = Vocabulary(64, pointer_gen=rng)
v.populate('')
v.populate(' \r\n\t')
assert len(v) == 0
v.populate('A')
assert 'A' in v
v.populate('B; C')
assert 'B' in v
assert 'C' in v
v.populate('D.unitary()')
assert 'D' in v
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(np.linalg.norm(v['D'].v), 1.)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(np.linalg.norm((v['D'] * v['D']).v), 1.)
v.populate('E = A + 2 * B')
assert np.allclose(v['E'].v, v.parse('A + 2 * B').v)
assert np.linalg.norm(v['E'].v) > 2.
v.populate('F = (A + 2 * B).normalized()')
assert np.allclose(v['F'].v, v.parse('A + 2 * B').normalized().v)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(np.linalg.norm(v['F'].v), 1.)
v.populate('G = A; H')
assert np.allclose(v['G'].v, v['A'].v)
assert 'H' in v
# Assigning non-existing pointer
with pytest.raises(NameError):
v.populate('I = J')
# Redefining
with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
v.populate('H = A')
# Calling non existing function
with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
v.populate('I = H.invalid()')
# invalid names: lowercase, unicode
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.populate('x = A')
with pytest.raises(SpaParseError):
v.populate(u'Aα = A')
