Exemple #1
0
def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Tuning with bi-directional RNN-CNN-CRF')
    parser.add_argument('--mode',
                        choices=['RNN', 'LSTM', 'GRU'],
                        help='architecture of rnn',
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--cuda', action='store_true', help='using GPU')
    parser.add_argument('--num_epochs',
                        type=int,
                        default=100,
                        help='Number of training epochs')
    parser.add_argument('--batch_size',
                        type=int,
                        default=16,
                        help='Number of sentences in each batch')
    parser.add_argument('--hidden_size',
                        type=int,
                        default=128,
                        help='Number of hidden units in RNN')
    parser.add_argument('--tag_space',
                        type=int,
                        default=0,
                        help='Dimension of tag space')
    parser.add_argument('--num_layers',
                        type=int,
                        default=1,
                        help='Number of layers of RNN')
    parser.add_argument('--num_filters',
                        type=int,
                        default=30,
                        help='Number of filters in CNN')
    parser.add_argument('--char_dim',
                        type=int,
                        default=30,
                        help='Dimension of Character embeddings')
    parser.add_argument('--learning_rate',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.015,
                        help='Learning rate')
    parser.add_argument('--decay_rate',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.1,
                        help='Decay rate of learning rate')
    parser.add_argument('--gamma',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.0,
                        help='weight for regularization')
    parser.add_argument('--dropout',
                        choices=['std', 'variational'],
                        help='type of dropout',
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--p_rnn',
                        nargs=2,
                        type=float,
                        required=True,
                        help='dropout rate for RNN')
    parser.add_argument('--p_in',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.33,
                        help='dropout rate for input embeddings')
    parser.add_argument('--p_out',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.33,
                        help='dropout rate for output layer')
    parser.add_argument('--bigram',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='bi-gram parameter for CRF')
    parser.add_argument('--schedule',
                        type=int,
                        help='schedule for learning rate decay')
    parser.add_argument('--unk_replace',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.,
                        help='The rate to replace a singleton word with UNK')
    parser.add_argument('--embedding',
                        choices=['glove', 'senna', 'sskip', 'polyglot'],
                        help='Embedding for words',
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--embedding_dict', help='path for embedding dict')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--train')  # "data/POS-penn/wsj/split1/wsj1.train.original"
    parser.add_argument(
        '--dev')  # "data/POS-penn/wsj/split1/wsj1.dev.original"
    parser.add_argument(
        '--test')  # "data/POS-penn/wsj/split1/wsj1.test.original"

    args = parser.parse_args()

    logger = get_logger("NERCRF")

    mode = args.mode
    train_path = args.train
    dev_path = args.dev
    test_path = args.test
    num_epochs = args.num_epochs
    batch_size = args.batch_size
    hidden_size = args.hidden_size
    num_filters = args.num_filters
    learning_rate = args.learning_rate
    momentum = 0.9
    decay_rate = args.decay_rate
    gamma = args.gamma
    schedule = args.schedule
    p_rnn = tuple(args.p_rnn)
    p_in = args.p_in
    p_out = args.p_out
    unk_replace = args.unk_replace
    bigram = args.bigram
    embedding = args.embedding
    embedding_path = args.embedding_dict

    embedd_dict, embedd_dim = utils.load_embedding_dict(
        embedding, embedding_path)

    logger.info("Creating Alphabets")
    word_alphabet, char_alphabet, pos_alphabet, \
    chunk_alphabet, ner_alphabet = conll03_data.create_alphabets("data/alphabets/ner_crf/", train_path, data_paths=[dev_path, test_path],
                                                                 embedd_dict=embedd_dict, max_vocabulary_size=50000)

    logger.info("Word Alphabet Size: %d" % word_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("Character Alphabet Size: %d" % char_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("POS Alphabet Size: %d" % pos_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("Chunk Alphabet Size: %d" % chunk_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("NER Alphabet Size: %d" % ner_alphabet.size())

    logger.info("Reading Data")
    device = torch.device('cuda') if args.cuda else torch.device('cpu')

    data_train = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(train_path,
                                                  word_alphabet,
                                                  char_alphabet,
                                                  pos_alphabet,
                                                  chunk_alphabet,
                                                  ner_alphabet,
                                                  device=device)
    num_data = sum(data_train[1])
    num_labels = ner_alphabet.size()

    data_dev = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(dev_path,
                                                word_alphabet,
                                                char_alphabet,
                                                pos_alphabet,
                                                chunk_alphabet,
                                                ner_alphabet,
                                                device=device)
    data_test = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(test_path,
                                                 word_alphabet,
                                                 char_alphabet,
                                                 pos_alphabet,
                                                 chunk_alphabet,
                                                 ner_alphabet,
                                                 device=device)

    writer = CoNLL03Writer(word_alphabet, char_alphabet, pos_alphabet,
                           chunk_alphabet, ner_alphabet)

    def construct_word_embedding_table():
        scale = np.sqrt(3.0 / embedd_dim)
        table = np.empty([word_alphabet.size(), embedd_dim], dtype=np.float32)
        table[conll03_data.UNK_ID, :] = np.random.uniform(
            -scale, scale, [1, embedd_dim]).astype(np.float32)
        oov = 0
        for word, index in word_alphabet.items():
            if word in embedd_dict:
                embedding = embedd_dict[word]
            elif word.lower() in embedd_dict:
                embedding = embedd_dict[word.lower()]
            else:
                embedding = np.random.uniform(
                    -scale, scale, [1, embedd_dim]).astype(np.float32)
                oov += 1
            table[index, :] = embedding
        print('oov: %d' % oov)
        return torch.from_numpy(table)

    word_table = construct_word_embedding_table()
    logger.info("constructing network...")

    char_dim = args.char_dim
    window = 3
    num_layers = args.num_layers
    tag_space = args.tag_space
    initializer = nn.init.xavier_uniform_
    if args.dropout == 'std':
        network = BiRecurrentConvCRF(embedd_dim,
                                     word_alphabet.size(),
                                     char_dim,
                                     char_alphabet.size(),
                                     num_filters,
                                     window,
                                     mode,
                                     hidden_size,
                                     num_layers,
                                     num_labels,
                                     tag_space=tag_space,
                                     embedd_word=word_table,
                                     p_in=p_in,
                                     p_out=p_out,
                                     p_rnn=p_rnn,
                                     bigram=bigram,
                                     initializer=initializer)
    else:
        network = BiVarRecurrentConvCRF(embedd_dim,
                                        word_alphabet.size(),
                                        char_dim,
                                        char_alphabet.size(),
                                        num_filters,
                                        window,
                                        mode,
                                        hidden_size,
                                        num_layers,
                                        num_labels,
                                        tag_space=tag_space,
                                        embedd_word=word_table,
                                        p_in=p_in,
                                        p_out=p_out,
                                        p_rnn=p_rnn,
                                        bigram=bigram,
                                        initializer=initializer)

    network = network.to(device)

    lr = learning_rate
    optim = SGD(network.parameters(),
                lr=lr,
                momentum=momentum,
                weight_decay=gamma,
                nesterov=True)
    logger.info(
        "Network: %s, num_layer=%d, hidden=%d, filter=%d, tag_space=%d, crf=%s"
        % (mode, num_layers, hidden_size, num_filters, tag_space,
           'bigram' if bigram else 'unigram'))
    logger.info(
        "training: l2: %f, (#training data: %d, batch: %d, unk replace: %.2f)"
        % (gamma, num_data, batch_size, unk_replace))
    logger.info("dropout(in, out, rnn): (%.2f, %.2f, %s)" %
                (p_in, p_out, p_rnn))

    num_batches = num_data / batch_size + 1
    dev_f1 = 0.0
    dev_acc = 0.0
    dev_precision = 0.0
    dev_recall = 0.0
    test_f1 = 0.0
    test_acc = 0.0
    test_precision = 0.0
    test_recall = 0.0
    best_epoch = 0
    for epoch in range(1, num_epochs + 1):
        print(
            'Epoch %d (%s(%s), learning rate=%.4f, decay rate=%.4f (schedule=%d)): '
            % (epoch, mode, args.dropout, lr, decay_rate, schedule))
        train_err = 0.
        train_total = 0.

        start_time = time.time()
        num_back = 0
        network.train()
        for batch in range(1, num_batches + 1):
            word, char, _, _, labels, masks, lengths = conll03_data.get_batch_tensor(
                data_train, batch_size, unk_replace=unk_replace)

            optim.zero_grad()
            loss = network.loss(word, char, labels, mask=masks)
            loss.backward()
            optim.step()

            with torch.no_grad():
                num_inst = word.size(0)
                train_err += loss * num_inst
                train_total += num_inst

            time_ave = (time.time() - start_time) / batch
            time_left = (num_batches - batch) * time_ave

            # update log
            if batch % 100 == 0:
                sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
                sys.stdout.write(" " * num_back)
                sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
                log_info = 'train: %d/%d loss: %.4f, time left (estimated): %.2fs' % (
                    batch, num_batches, train_err / train_total, time_left)
                sys.stdout.write(log_info)
                sys.stdout.flush()
                num_back = len(log_info)

        sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
        sys.stdout.write(" " * num_back)
        sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
        print('train: %d loss: %.4f, time: %.2fs' %
              (num_batches, train_err / train_total, time.time() - start_time))

        # evaluate performance on dev data
        with torch.no_grad():
            network.eval()
            tmp_filename = 'tmp/%s_dev%d' % (str(uid), epoch)
            writer.start(tmp_filename)

            for batch in conll03_data.iterate_batch_tensor(
                    data_dev, batch_size):
                word, char, pos, chunk, labels, masks, lengths = batch
                preds, _ = network.decode(
                    word,
                    char,
                    target=labels,
                    mask=masks,
                    leading_symbolic=conll03_data.NUM_SYMBOLIC_TAGS)
                writer.write(word.cpu().numpy(),
                             pos.cpu().numpy(),
                             chunk.cpu().numpy(),
                             preds.cpu().numpy(),
                             labels.cpu().numpy(),
                             lengths.cpu().numpy())
            writer.close()
            acc, precision, recall, f1 = evaluate(tmp_filename)
            print(
                'dev acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%%'
                % (acc, precision, recall, f1))

            if dev_f1 < f1:
                dev_f1 = f1
                dev_acc = acc
                dev_precision = precision
                dev_recall = recall
                best_epoch = epoch

                # evaluate on test data when better performance detected
                tmp_filename = 'tmp/%s_test%d' % (str(uid), epoch)
                writer.start(tmp_filename)

                for batch in conll03_data.iterate_batch_tensor(
                        data_test, batch_size):
                    word, char, pos, chunk, labels, masks, lengths = batch
                    preds, _ = network.decode(
                        word,
                        char,
                        target=labels,
                        mask=masks,
                        leading_symbolic=conll03_data.NUM_SYMBOLIC_TAGS)
                    writer.write(word.cpu().numpy(),
                                 pos.cpu().numpy(),
                                 chunk.cpu().numpy(),
                                 preds.cpu().numpy(),
                                 labels.cpu().numpy(),
                                 lengths.cpu().numpy())
                writer.close()
                test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1 = evaluate(
                    tmp_filename)

            print(
                "best dev  acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)"
                % (dev_acc, dev_precision, dev_recall, dev_f1, best_epoch))
            print(
                "best test acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)"
                % (test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1, best_epoch))

        if epoch % schedule == 0:
            lr = learning_rate / (1.0 + epoch * decay_rate)
            optim = SGD(network.parameters(),
                        lr=lr,
                        momentum=momentum,
                        weight_decay=gamma,
                        nesterov=True)
Exemple #2
0
def main():
    # Arguments parser
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Tuning with DNN Model for NER')
    # Model Hyperparameters
    parser.add_argument('--mode',
                        choices=['RNN', 'LSTM', 'GRU'],
                        help='architecture of rnn',
                        default='LSTM')
    parser.add_argument('--encoder_mode',
                        choices=['cnn', 'lstm'],
                        help='Encoder type for sentence encoding',
                        default='lstm')
    parser.add_argument('--char_method',
                        choices=['cnn', 'lstm'],
                        help='Method to create character-level embeddings',
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument(
        '--hidden_size',
        type=int,
        default=128,
        help='Number of hidden units in RNN for sentence level')
    parser.add_argument('--char_hidden_size',
                        type=int,
                        default=30,
                        help='Output character-level embeddings size')
    parser.add_argument('--char_dim',
                        type=int,
                        default=30,
                        help='Dimension of Character embeddings')
    parser.add_argument('--tag_space',
                        type=int,
                        default=0,
                        help='Dimension of tag space')
    parser.add_argument('--num_layers',
                        type=int,
                        default=1,
                        help='Number of layers of RNN')
    parser.add_argument('--dropout',
                        choices=['std', 'weight_drop'],
                        help='Dropout method',
                        default='weight_drop')
    parser.add_argument('--p_em',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.33,
                        help='dropout rate for input embeddings')
    parser.add_argument('--p_in',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.33,
                        help='dropout rate for input of RNN model')
    parser.add_argument('--p_rnn',
                        nargs=2,
                        type=float,
                        required=True,
                        help='dropout rate for RNN')
    parser.add_argument('--p_out',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.33,
                        help='dropout rate for output layer')
    parser.add_argument('--bigram',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='bi-gram parameter for CRF')

    # Data loading and storing params
    parser.add_argument('--embedding_dict', help='path for embedding dict')
    parser.add_argument('--dataset_name',
                        type=str,
                        default='alexa',
                        help='Which dataset to use')
    parser.add_argument('--train',
                        type=str,
                        required=True,
                        help='Path of train set')
    parser.add_argument('--dev',
                        type=str,
                        required=True,
                        help='Path of dev set')
    parser.add_argument('--test',
                        type=str,
                        required=True,
                        help='Path of test set')
    parser.add_argument('--results_folder',
                        type=str,
                        default='results',
                        help='The folder to store results')
    parser.add_argument('--tmp_folder',
                        type=str,
                        default='tmp',
                        help='The folder to store tmp files')
    parser.add_argument('--alphabets_folder',
                        type=str,
                        default='data/alphabets',
                        help='The folder to store alphabets files')
    parser.add_argument('--result_file_name',
                        type=str,
                        default='hyperparameters_tuning',
                        help='File name to store some results')
    parser.add_argument('--result_file_path',
                        type=str,
                        default='results/hyperparameters_tuning',
                        help='File name to store some results')

    # Training parameters
    parser.add_argument('--cuda',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='whether using GPU')
    parser.add_argument('--num_epochs',
                        type=int,
                        default=100,
                        help='Number of training epochs')
    parser.add_argument('--batch_size',
                        type=int,
                        default=16,
                        help='Number of sentences in each batch')
    parser.add_argument('--learning_rate',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.001,
                        help='Base learning rate')
    parser.add_argument('--decay_rate',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.95,
                        help='Decay rate of learning rate')
    parser.add_argument('--schedule',
                        type=int,
                        default=3,
                        help='schedule for learning rate decay')
    parser.add_argument('--gamma',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.0,
                        help='weight for l2 regularization')
    parser.add_argument('--max_norm',
                        type=float,
                        default=1.,
                        help='Max norm for gradients')
    parser.add_argument('--gpu_id',
                        type=int,
                        nargs='+',
                        required=True,
                        help='which gpu to use for training')

    # Misc
    parser.add_argument('--embedding',
                        choices=['glove', 'senna', 'alexa'],
                        help='Embedding for words',
                        required=True)
    parser.add_argument('--restore',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='whether restore from stored parameters')
    parser.add_argument('--save_checkpoint',
                        type=str,
                        default='',
                        help='the path to save the model')
    parser.add_argument('--o_tag',
                        type=str,
                        default='O',
                        help='The default tag for outside tag')
    parser.add_argument('--unk_replace',
                        type=float,
                        default=0.,
                        help='The rate to replace a singleton word with UNK')
    parser.add_argument('--evaluate_raw_format',
                        action='store_true',
                        help='The tagging format for evaluation')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    logger = get_logger("NERCRF")

    # rename the parameters
    mode = args.mode
    encoder_mode = args.encoder_mode
    train_path = args.train
    dev_path = args.dev
    test_path = args.test
    num_epochs = args.num_epochs
    batch_size = args.batch_size
    hidden_size = args.hidden_size
    char_hidden_size = args.char_hidden_size
    char_method = args.char_method
    learning_rate = args.learning_rate
    momentum = 0.9
    decay_rate = args.decay_rate
    gamma = args.gamma
    max_norm = args.max_norm
    schedule = args.schedule
    dropout = args.dropout
    p_em = args.p_em
    p_rnn = tuple(args.p_rnn)
    p_in = args.p_in
    p_out = args.p_out
    unk_replace = args.unk_replace
    bigram = args.bigram
    embedding = args.embedding
    embedding_path = args.embedding_dict
    dataset_name = args.dataset_name
    result_file_name = args.result_file_name
    evaluate_raw_format = args.evaluate_raw_format
    o_tag = args.o_tag
    restore = args.restore
    save_checkpoint = args.save_checkpoint
    gpu_id = args.gpu_id
    results_folder = args.results_folder
    tmp_folder = args.tmp_folder
    alphabets_folder = args.alphabets_folder
    use_elmo = False
    p_em_vec = 0.
    result_file_path = args.result_file_path

    score_file = "%s/score_gpu_%s" % (tmp_folder, '-'.join(map(str, gpu_id)))

    if not os.path.exists(results_folder):
        os.makedirs(results_folder)
    if not os.path.exists(tmp_folder):
        os.makedirs(tmp_folder)
    if not os.path.exists(alphabets_folder):
        os.makedirs(alphabets_folder)

    embedd_dict, embedd_dim = utils.load_embedding_dict(
        embedding, embedding_path)

    logger.info("Creating Alphabets")
    word_alphabet, char_alphabet, ner_alphabet = conll03_data.create_alphabets(
        "{}/{}/".format(alphabets_folder, dataset_name),
        train_path,
        data_paths=[dev_path, test_path],
        embedd_dict=embedd_dict,
        max_vocabulary_size=50000)

    logger.info("Word Alphabet Size: %d" % word_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("Character Alphabet Size: %d" % char_alphabet.size())
    logger.info("NER Alphabet Size: %d" % ner_alphabet.size())

    logger.info("Reading Data")
    device = torch.device('cuda') if args.cuda else torch.device('cpu')
    print(device)

    data_train = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(train_path,
                                                  word_alphabet,
                                                  char_alphabet,
                                                  ner_alphabet,
                                                  device=device)
    num_data = sum(data_train[1])
    num_labels = ner_alphabet.size()

    data_dev = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(dev_path,
                                                word_alphabet,
                                                char_alphabet,
                                                ner_alphabet,
                                                device=device)
    data_test = conll03_data.read_data_to_tensor(test_path,
                                                 word_alphabet,
                                                 char_alphabet,
                                                 ner_alphabet,
                                                 device=device)

    writer = CoNLL03Writer(word_alphabet, char_alphabet, ner_alphabet)

    def construct_word_embedding_table():
        scale = np.sqrt(3.0 / embedd_dim)
        table = np.empty([word_alphabet.size(), embedd_dim], dtype=np.float32)
        table[conll03_data.UNK_ID, :] = np.random.uniform(
            -scale, scale, [1, embedd_dim]).astype(np.float32)
        oov = 0
        for word, index in word_alphabet.items():
            if word in embedd_dict:
                embedding = embedd_dict[word]
            elif word.lower() in embedd_dict:
                embedding = embedd_dict[word.lower()]
            else:
                embedding = np.random.uniform(
                    -scale, scale, [1, embedd_dim]).astype(np.float32)
                oov += 1
            table[index, :] = embedding
        print('oov: %d' % oov)
        return torch.from_numpy(table)

    word_table = construct_word_embedding_table()
    logger.info("constructing network...")

    char_dim = args.char_dim
    window = 3
    num_layers = args.num_layers
    tag_space = args.tag_space
    initializer = nn.init.xavier_uniform_
    if args.dropout == 'std':
        network = BiRecurrentConvCRF(embedd_dim,
                                     word_alphabet.size(),
                                     char_dim,
                                     char_alphabet.size(),
                                     char_hidden_size,
                                     window,
                                     mode,
                                     encoder_mode,
                                     hidden_size,
                                     num_layers,
                                     num_labels,
                                     tag_space=tag_space,
                                     embedd_word=word_table,
                                     use_elmo=use_elmo,
                                     p_em_vec=p_em_vec,
                                     p_em=p_em,
                                     p_in=p_in,
                                     p_out=p_out,
                                     p_rnn=p_rnn,
                                     bigram=bigram,
                                     initializer=initializer)
    elif args.dropout == 'var':
        network = BiVarRecurrentConvCRF(embedd_dim,
                                        word_alphabet.size(),
                                        char_dim,
                                        char_alphabet.size(),
                                        char_hidden_size,
                                        window,
                                        mode,
                                        encoder_mode,
                                        hidden_size,
                                        num_layers,
                                        num_labels,
                                        tag_space=tag_space,
                                        embedd_word=word_table,
                                        use_elmo=use_elmo,
                                        p_em_vec=p_em_vec,
                                        p_em=p_em,
                                        p_in=p_in,
                                        p_out=p_out,
                                        p_rnn=p_rnn,
                                        bigram=bigram,
                                        initializer=initializer)
    else:
        network = BiWeightDropRecurrentConvCRF(embedd_dim,
                                               word_alphabet.size(),
                                               char_dim,
                                               char_alphabet.size(),
                                               char_hidden_size,
                                               window,
                                               mode,
                                               encoder_mode,
                                               hidden_size,
                                               num_layers,
                                               num_labels,
                                               tag_space=tag_space,
                                               embedd_word=word_table,
                                               p_em=p_em,
                                               p_in=p_in,
                                               p_out=p_out,
                                               p_rnn=p_rnn,
                                               bigram=bigram,
                                               initializer=initializer)

    network = network.to(device)

    lr = learning_rate
    optim = SGD(network.parameters(),
                lr=lr,
                momentum=momentum,
                weight_decay=gamma,
                nesterov=True)
    # optim = Adam(network.parameters(), lr=lr, weight_decay=gamma, amsgrad=True)
    nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(network.parameters(), max_norm)
    logger.info("Network: %s, encoder_mode=%s, num_layer=%d, hidden=%d, char_hidden_size=%d, char_method=%s, tag_space=%d, crf=%s" % \
        (mode, encoder_mode, num_layers, hidden_size, char_hidden_size, char_method, tag_space, 'bigram' if bigram else 'unigram'))
    logger.info(
        "training: l2: %f, (#training data: %d, batch: %d, unk replace: %.2f)"
        % (gamma, num_data, batch_size, unk_replace))
    logger.info("dropout(in, out, rnn): (%.2f, %.2f, %s)" %
                (p_in, p_out, p_rnn))

    num_batches = num_data // batch_size + 1
    dev_f1 = 0.0
    dev_acc = 0.0
    dev_precision = 0.0
    dev_recall = 0.0
    test_f1 = 0.0
    test_acc = 0.0
    test_precision = 0.0
    test_recall = 0.0
    best_epoch = 0
    best_test_f1 = 0.0
    best_test_acc = 0.0
    best_test_precision = 0.0
    best_test_recall = 0.0
    best_test_epoch = 0.0
    for epoch in range(1, num_epochs + 1):
        print(
            'Epoch %d (%s(%s), learning rate=%.4f, decay rate=%.4f (schedule=%d)): '
            % (epoch, mode, args.dropout, lr, decay_rate, schedule))

        train_err = 0.
        train_total = 0.

        start_time = time.time()
        num_back = 0
        network.train()
        for batch in range(1, num_batches + 1):
            _, word, char, labels, masks, lengths = conll03_data.get_batch_tensor(
                data_train, batch_size, unk_replace=unk_replace)

            optim.zero_grad()
            loss = network.loss(_, word, char, labels, mask=masks)
            loss.backward()
            optim.step()

            with torch.no_grad():
                num_inst = word.size(0)
                train_err += loss * num_inst
                train_total += num_inst

            time_ave = (time.time() - start_time) / batch
            time_left = (num_batches - batch) * time_ave

            # update log
            if batch % 20 == 0:
                sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
                sys.stdout.write(" " * num_back)
                sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
                log_info = 'train: %d/%d loss: %.4f, time left (estimated): %.2fs' % (
                    batch, num_batches, train_err / train_total, time_left)
                sys.stdout.write(log_info)
                sys.stdout.flush()
                num_back = len(log_info)

        sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
        sys.stdout.write(" " * num_back)
        sys.stdout.write("\b" * num_back)
        print('train: %d loss: %.4f, time: %.2fs' %
              (num_batches, train_err / train_total, time.time() - start_time))

        # evaluate performance on dev data
        with torch.no_grad():
            network.eval()
            tmp_filename = '%s/gpu_%s_dev' % (tmp_folder, '-'.join(
                map(str, gpu_id)))
            writer.start(tmp_filename)

            for batch in conll03_data.iterate_batch_tensor(
                    data_dev, batch_size):
                _, word, char, labels, masks, lengths = batch
                preds, _ = network.decode(
                    _,
                    word,
                    char,
                    target=labels,
                    mask=masks,
                    leading_symbolic=conll03_data.NUM_SYMBOLIC_TAGS)
                writer.write(word.cpu().numpy(),
                             preds.cpu().numpy(),
                             labels.cpu().numpy(),
                             lengths.cpu().numpy())
            writer.close()
            acc, precision, recall, f1 = evaluate(tmp_filename, score_file,
                                                  evaluate_raw_format, o_tag)
            print(
                'dev acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%%'
                % (acc, precision, recall, f1))

            if dev_f1 < f1:
                dev_f1 = f1
                dev_acc = acc
                dev_precision = precision
                dev_recall = recall
                best_epoch = epoch

                # evaluate on test data when better performance detected
                tmp_filename = '%s/gpu_%s_test' % (tmp_folder, '-'.join(
                    map(str, gpu_id)))
                writer.start(tmp_filename)

                for batch in conll03_data.iterate_batch_tensor(
                        data_test, batch_size):
                    _, word, char, labels, masks, lengths = batch
                    preds, _ = network.decode(
                        _,
                        word,
                        char,
                        target=labels,
                        mask=masks,
                        leading_symbolic=conll03_data.NUM_SYMBOLIC_TAGS)
                    writer.write(word.cpu().numpy(),
                                 preds.cpu().numpy(),
                                 labels.cpu().numpy(),
                                 lengths.cpu().numpy())
                writer.close()
                test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1 = evaluate(
                    tmp_filename, score_file, evaluate_raw_format, o_tag)
                if best_test_f1 < test_f1:
                    best_test_acc, best_test_precision, best_test_recall, best_test_f1 = test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1
                    best_test_epoch = epoch

            print(
                "best dev  acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)"
                % (dev_acc, dev_precision, dev_recall, dev_f1, best_epoch))
            print(
                "best test acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)"
                % (test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1, best_epoch))
            print(
                "overall best test acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)"
                % (best_test_acc, best_test_precision, best_test_recall,
                   best_test_f1, best_test_epoch))

        if epoch % schedule == 0:
            lr = learning_rate / (1.0 + epoch * decay_rate)
            optim = SGD(network.parameters(),
                        lr=lr,
                        momentum=momentum,
                        weight_decay=gamma,
                        nesterov=True)

    with open(result_file_path, 'a') as ofile:
        ofile.write(
            "best dev  acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)\n"
            % (dev_acc, dev_precision, dev_recall, dev_f1, best_epoch))
        ofile.write(
            "best test acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)\n"
            % (test_acc, test_precision, test_recall, test_f1, best_epoch))
        ofile.write(
            "overall best test acc: %.2f%%, precision: %.2f%%, recall: %.2f%%, F1: %.2f%% (epoch: %d)\n\n"
            % (best_test_acc, best_test_precision, best_test_recall,
               best_test_f1, best_test_epoch))
    print('Training finished!')