def pushquants(f):
    #    print('pushquant({0})'.format(f))
        if is_quantified(f):
            arg = f.args[0]
            if arg.op == OP_NOT:
                return ~pushquants(Quantifier(opposite(f.op), f.vars, arg.args[0]))
            elif is_quantified(arg):
                arg1 = pushquants(arg)
                # did pushquants have any effect?
                if arg1 == arg:
#                    # if no, see if changing the order of the quants has an effect
#                    arg2 = Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg.args[0])
#                    arg2_ = pushquants(arg2)
#                    if arg2 == arg2_:
#                        return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg1)
#                    else:
#                        return Quantifier(arg.op, arg.vars, arg2_)
                    return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg1)
                else:
                    return pushquants(Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg1))
            elif arg.op in [OP_AND, OP_OR]:
                arg1 = arg.args[0]
                arg2 = arg.args[1]
                variable = f.vars[0]
                if variable in fvars(arg1) and variable in fvars(arg2):
                    if ((arg.op == OP_AND and f.op == OP_FORALL) or
                        (arg.op == OP_OR and f.op == OP_EXISTS)):
                        return pushquants(Expr(arg.op,
                                          Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg1),
                                          Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg2)))
                    else:
                        return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, pushquants(arg))
                if variable in fvars(arg1):
                    return pushquants(Expr(arg.op,
                                      Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg1), arg2))
                if variable in fvars(arg2):
                    return pushquants(Expr(arg.op, arg1,
                                           Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, arg2)))
                else:
                    get_log().warning('Dropped quantifier "{0} : {1}" from "{2}"'
                                      .format(f.op, f.vars, f))
                    return arg
            elif arg.op == OP_IMPLIES:
                arg1 = arg.args[0]
                arg2 = arg.args[1]
                variable = f.vars[0]
                if variable in fvars(arg1) and variable in fvars(arg2):
                    return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, pushquants(arg))
                elif variable in fvars(arg1):
                    quant = opposite(f.op)
                    return (pushquants(Quantifier(quant, variable, arg1)) >>
                            pushquants(arg2))
                elif variable in fvars(arg2):
                    return (pushquants(arg1) >>
                            pushquants(Quantifier(f.op, variable, arg2)))
                else:
                    get_log().warning('Dropped quantifier "{0} : {1}" from "{2}"'
                                      .format(f.op, f.vars, f))
                    return (pushquants(arg1) >> pushquants(arg2))
            elif arg.op == OP_IMPLIED_BY:
                arg1 = arg.args[0]
                arg2 = arg.args[1]
                variable = f.vars[0]
                if variable in fvars(arg1) and variable in fvars(arg2):
                    return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars, pushquants(arg))
                elif variable in fvars(arg1):
                    return (pushquants(Quantifier(f.op, variable, arg1)) <<
                            pushquants(arg2))
                elif variable in fvars(arg2):
                    quant = opposite(f.op)
                    return (pushquants(arg1) <<
                            pushquants(Quantifier(quant, variable, arg2)))
                else:
                    get_log().warning('Dropped quantifier "{0} : {1}" from "{2}"'
                                      .format(f.op, f.vars, f))
                    return (pushquants(arg1) << pushquants(arg2))
            else:
                return Quantifier(f.op, f.vars[0], pushquants(f.args[0]))
        elif f.op == OP_NOT:
            return ~pushquants(f.args[0])
        elif f.op in BINARY_LOGIC_OPS:
            return Expr(f.op, *[pushquants(x) for x in f.args])
        else:
            return f
 def pullquants(f):
 #    print('pullquants({0})'.format(str(f)))
     if f.op == OP_AND:
         arg1 = pullquants(f.args[0])
         arg2 = pullquants(f.args[1])
         if arg1.op == OP_FORALL and arg2.op == OP_FORALL:
             return rename_and_pull(f, OP_FORALL,
                                    arg1.vars[0], arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2.args[0])
         elif is_quantified(arg1):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg1.op,
                                    arg1.vars[0], None,
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2)
         elif is_quantified(arg2):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg2.op,
                                    None, arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1, arg2.args[0])
         else:
             return (arg1 & arg2)
     elif f.op == OP_OR:
         arg1 = pullquants(f.args[0])
         arg2 = pullquants(f.args[1])
         if arg1.op == OP_EXISTS and arg2.op == OP_EXISTS:
             return rename_and_pull(f, OP_EXISTS,
                                    arg1.vars[0], arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2.args[0])
         elif is_quantified(arg1):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg1.op,
                                    arg1.vars[0], None,
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2)
         elif is_quantified(arg2):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg2.op,
                                    None, arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1, arg2.args[0])
         else:
             return (arg1 | arg2)
     elif f.op == OP_IMPLIES:
         arg1 = pullquants(f.args[0])
         arg2 = pullquants(f.args[1])
         if is_quantified(arg1):
             return rename_and_pull(f, opposite(arg1.op),
                                    arg1.vars[0], None,
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2)
         elif is_quantified(arg2):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg2.op,
                                    None, arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1, arg2.args[0])
         else:
             return (arg1 >> arg2)
     elif f.op == OP_IMPLIED_BY:
         arg1 = pullquants(f.args[0])
         arg2 = pullquants(f.args[1])
         if is_quantified(arg1):
             return rename_and_pull(f, arg1.op,
                                    arg1.vars[0], None,
                                    arg1.args[0], arg2)
         elif is_quantified(arg2):
             return rename_and_pull(f, opposite(arg2.op),
                                    None, arg2.vars[0],
                                    arg1, arg2.args[0])
         else:
             return (arg1 << arg2)
     elif f.op == OP_EQUIVALENT:
         arg1 = pullquants(f.args[0])
         arg2 = pullquants(f.args[1])
         return pullquants((arg1 >> arg2) & (arg1 << arg2))
     elif f.op == OP_NOT:
         arg = pullquants(f.args[0])
         if is_quantified(arg):
             return Quantifier(opposite(arg.op), f.vars, ~(arg.args[0]))
         else:
             return (~arg)
     else:
         return f