def testCompute(self):
""" Check that there are no errors in call to compute. """
inputs = SDR(100).randomize(.05)
active = SDR(100)
sp = SP(inputs.dimensions, active.dimensions, stimulusThreshold=1)
sp.compute(inputs, True, active)
assert (active.getSum() > 0)
def testConstructorErrors(self):
def _assertAnyException(func):
try:
func()
except RuntimeError:
return
except TypeError:
return
else:
self.fail()
A = SDR(100)
B = SDR((100, 2))
C = SDR([3, 3])
D = SDR([3, 4])
# Test bad argument dimensions
_assertAnyException(lambda: Concatenation(A)) # Not enough inputs!
_assertAnyException(lambda: Concatenation(A, B))
_assertAnyException(
lambda: Concatenation(B, C)) # All dims except axis must match!
_assertAnyException(
lambda: Concatenation(C, D)) # All dims except axis must match!
Concatenation(C, D, 1) # This should work
_assertAnyException(
lambda: Concatenation(inputs=(C, D), axis=2)) # invalid axis
_assertAnyException(
lambda: Concatenation(inputs=(C, D), axis=-1)) # invalid axis
def testPickle(self):
for sparsity in (0, .3, 1):
A = SDR((103, ))
A.randomize(sparsity)
P = pickle.dumps(A)
B = pickle.loads(P)
assert (A == B)
def testExampleUsage(self):
assert (issubclass(Reshape, SDR))
# Convert SDR dimensions from (4 x 4) to (8 x 2)
A = SDR([4, 4])
B = Reshape(A, [8, 2])
A.coordinates = ([1, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2])
assert ((np.array(B.coordinates) == ([2, 2, 5], [0, 1, 0])).all())
def encode(self, location, grid_cells=None):
location = list(location)
assert (len(location) == 2)
if grid_cells is None:
grid_cells = SDR((self.size, ))
if any(math.isnan(x) for x in location):
grid_cells.zero()
return grid_cells
# Find the distance from the location to each grid cells nearest
# receptive field center.
# Convert the units of location to hex grid with angle 0, scale 1, offset 0.
displacement = location - self.offsets_
radius = np.empty(self.size)
for mod_idx in range(len(self.partitions_)):
start, stop = self.partitions_[mod_idx]
R = self.rot_mats_[mod_idx]
displacement[start:stop] = R.dot(displacement[start:stop].T).T
radius[start:stop] = self.periods[mod_idx] / 2
# Convert into and out of hexagonal coordinates, which rounds to the
# nearest hexagons center.
nearest = hexy.cube_to_pixel(hexy.pixel_to_cube(displacement, radius),
radius)
# Find the distance between the location and the RF center.
distances = np.hypot(*(nearest - displacement).T)
# Activate the closest grid cells in each module.
index = []
for start, stop in self.partitions_:
z = int(round(self.sparsity * (stop - start)))
index.extend(np.argpartition(distances[start:stop], z)[:z] + start)
grid_cells.sparse = index
return grid_cells
def testExampleUsage(self):
A = SDR(10)
B = SDR(10)
X = SDR(A.dimensions)
A.sparse = [0, 1, 2, 3]
B.sparse = [2, 3, 4, 5]
X.intersection(A, B)
assert (set(X.sparse) == set([2, 3]))
def testExampleUsage(self):
A = SDR(10)
B = SDR(10)
C = SDR(20)
A.sparse = [0, 1, 2]
B.sparse = [0, 1, 2]
C.concatenate(A, B)
assert (set(C.sparse) == set([0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12]))
def testNan(self):
gc = GridCellEncoder(size=200,
sparsity=.25,
periods=[6, 8.5, 12, 17, 24],
seed=42)
zero = SDR(gc.dimensions)
zero.randomize(.25)
gc.encode([3, float('nan')], zero)
assert (zero.getSum() == 0)
def testNaNs(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.size = 100
p.activeBits = 10
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 100
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
sdr = SDR(100)
enc.encode(float("nan"), sdr)
assert (sdr.getSum() == 0)
def testExampleUsage(self):
# Make an SDR with 9 values, arranged in a (3 x 3) grid.
X = SDR(dimensions=(3, 3))
# These three statements are equivalent.
X.dense = [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]
assert (X.dense.tolist() == [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
assert ([list(v) for v in X.coordinates] == [[0, 1, 2], [1, 1, 2]])
assert (list(X.sparse) == [1, 4, 8])
X.coordinates = [[0, 1, 2], [1, 1, 2]]
assert (X.dense.tolist() == [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
assert ([list(v) for v in X.coordinates] == [[0, 1, 2], [1, 1, 2]])
assert (list(X.sparse) == [1, 4, 8])
X.sparse = [1, 4, 8]
# Access data in any format, SDR will automatically convert data formats,
# even if it was not the format used by the most recent assignment to the
# SDR.
assert (X.dense.tolist() == [[0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
assert ([list(v) for v in X.coordinates] == [[0, 1, 2], [1, 1, 2]])
assert (list(X.sparse) == [1, 4, 8])
# Data format conversions are cached, and when an SDR value changes the
# cache is cleared.
X.sparse = [1, 2, 3] # Assign new data to the SDR, clearing the cache.
X.dense # This line will convert formats.
X.dense # This line will resuse the result of the previous line
X = SDR((1000, 1000))
data = X.dense
data[0, 4] = 1
data[444, 444] = 1
X.dense = data
assert (list(X.sparse) == [4, 444444])
def testErrorChecks(self):
params1 = RDSE_Parameters()
params1.size = 100
params1.sparsity = .10
params1.radius = 10
R1 = RDSE(params1)
A = SDR([10, 10])
R1.encode(33, A)
# Test wrong input dimensions
B = SDR(1)
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
R1.encode(3, B)
# Test invalid parameters, size == 0
params1.size = 0
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params1)
params1.size = 100
# Test invalid parameters, activeBits == 0
params1.activeBits = 0
params1.sparsity = 0.00001 # Rounds to zero!
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params1)
# Test missing activeBits
params2 = RDSE_Parameters()
params2.size = 100
params2.radius = 10
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params2)
# Test missing resolution/radius
params3 = RDSE_Parameters()
params3.size = 100
params3.activeBits = 10
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params3)
# Test too many parameters: activeBits & sparsity
params4 = RDSE_Parameters()
params4.size = 100
params4.sparsity = .6
params4.activeBits = 10
params4.radius = 4
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params4)
# Test too many parameters: resolution & radius
params5 = RDSE_Parameters()
params5.size = 100
params5.activeBits = 10
params5.radius = 4
params5.resolution = 4
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
RDSE(params5)
def testSparsity(self):
test_cases = [
(0.5, 0.5),
(0.1, 0.9),
(0.25, 0.3),
(0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
(0.95, 0.95, 0.95),
(0.10, 0.10, 0.60),
(0.0, 1.0, 1.0),
(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5),
(0.11, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98),
]
size = 10000
seed = 99
X = SDR(size)
for sparsities in test_cases:
sdrs = []
for S in sparsities:
inp = SDR(size)
inp.randomize(S, seed)
seed += 1
sdrs.append(inp)
X.intersection(sdrs)
mean_sparsity = np.product(sparsities)
assert (X.getSparsity() >= (2. / 3.) * mean_sparsity)
assert (X.getSparsity() <= (4. / 3.) * mean_sparsity)
def testChaining(self):
A = SDR([10, 10])
B = Reshape(A, [100])
C = Reshape(B, [4, 25])
D = Reshape(B, [1, 100])
A.dense.fill(1)
A.dense = A.dense
assert (len(C.sparse) == A.size)
assert (len(D.sparse) == A.size)
del B
def testExampleUsage(self):
assert (issubclass(Intersection, SDR))
A = SDR(100)
B = SDR(100)
C = Concatenation(A, B)
assert (C.dimensions == [200])
D = SDR((640, 480, 3))
E = SDR((640, 480, 7))
F = Concatenation(D, E, 2)
assert (F.dimensions == [640, 480, 10])
def testChaining(self):
A = SDR([10, 10])
B = Reshape(A, [100])
C = Reshape(B, [4, 25])
D = B.reshape([1, 100]) # Test convenience method.
A.dense.fill(1)
A.dense = A.dense
assert (len(C.sparse) == A.size)
assert (len(D.sparse) == A.size)
del B
def testDelete(self):
# Make & Delete it a few times to make sure that doesn't crash.
A = SDR(100)
B = SDR(100)
C = SDR(100)
X = Concatenation(A, B, C)
Concatenation(A, B, C)
Y = Concatenation(A, C)
Concatenation(B, C)
del B
del A
del Y
del C
del X
def testConstructor(self):
# Test all of the constructor overloads
A = SDR((100, 2))
B = SDR((100, 2))
C = SDR((100, 2))
D = SDR((100, 2))
Concatenation(A, B)
Concatenation(A, B, 1)
Concatenation(A, B, C)
Concatenation(A, B, C, 1)
Concatenation(A, B, C, D)
Concatenation(A, B, C, D, 1)
Concatenation([A, B, C, D])
Concatenation([A, B, C, D], 1)
Concatenation(inputs=[A, B, C, D], axis=1)
def testAverageOverlap(self):
""" Verify that nearby values have the correct amount of semantic
similarity. Also measure sparsity & activation frequency. """
P = RDSE_Parameters()
P.size = 2000
P.sparsity = .08
P.radius = 12
P.seed = 42
R = RDSE(P)
A = SDR(R.parameters.size)
num_samples = 10000
M = Metrics(A, num_samples + 1)
for i in range(num_samples):
R.encode(i, A)
print(M)
assert (M.overlap.min() > (1 - 1. / R.parameters.radius) - .04)
assert (M.overlap.max() < (1 - 1. / R.parameters.radius) + .04)
assert (M.overlap.mean() > (1 - 1. / R.parameters.radius) - .001)
assert (M.overlap.mean() < (1 - 1. / R.parameters.radius) + .001)
assert (M.sparsity.min() > R.parameters.sparsity - .01)
assert (M.sparsity.max() < R.parameters.sparsity + .01)
assert (M.sparsity.mean() > R.parameters.sparsity - .005)
assert (M.sparsity.mean() < R.parameters.sparsity + .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.min() > R.parameters.sparsity - .05)
assert (M.activationFrequency.max() < R.parameters.sparsity + .05)
assert (M.activationFrequency.mean() > R.parameters.sparsity - .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.mean() < R.parameters.sparsity + .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.entropy() > .99)
def testRandomOverlap(self):
""" Verify that distant values have little to no semantic similarity.
Also measure sparsity & activation frequency. """
P = RDSE_Parameters()
P.size = 2000
P.sparsity = .08
P.radius = 12
P.seed = 42
R = RDSE(P)
num_samples = 1000
A = SDR(R.parameters.size)
M = Metrics(A, num_samples + 1)
for i in range(num_samples):
X = i * R.parameters.radius
R.encode(X, A)
print(M)
assert (M.overlap.max() < .15)
assert (M.overlap.mean() < .10)
assert (M.sparsity.min() > R.parameters.sparsity - .01)
assert (M.sparsity.max() < R.parameters.sparsity + .01)
assert (M.sparsity.mean() > R.parameters.sparsity - .005)
assert (M.sparsity.mean() < R.parameters.sparsity + .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.min() > R.parameters.sparsity - .05)
assert (M.activationFrequency.max() < R.parameters.sparsity + .05)
assert (M.activationFrequency.mean() > R.parameters.sparsity - .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.mean() < R.parameters.sparsity + .005)
assert (M.activationFrequency.entropy() > .99)
def testClipInput(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.size = 345
p.sparsity = .05
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 1
p.clipInput = 1
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
sdr1 = SDR(345)
sdr2 = SDR(345)
enc.encode(0, sdr1)
enc.encode(-1, sdr2)
assert (sdr1 == sdr2)
enc.encode(1, sdr1)
enc.encode(10, sdr2)
assert (sdr1 == sdr2)
def testStatistics(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.size = 100
p.activeBits = 10
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 20
p.clipInput = True
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
del p
out = SDR(enc.parameters.size)
mtr = Metrics(out, 9999)
# The activation frequency of bits near the endpoints of the range is a
# little weird, because the bits at the very end are not used as often
# as the ones in the middle of the range, unless clipInputs is enabled.
# If clipInputs is enabled then the bits 1 radius from the end get used
# twice as often as the should because they respond to inputs off
# outside of the valid range as well as inputs inside of the range.
for i in np.linspace(
enc.parameters.minimum - enc.parameters.radius / 2,
enc.parameters.maximum + enc.parameters.radius / 2, 100 + 10):
enc.encode(i, out)
# print( i, out.sparse )
print(str(mtr))
assert (mtr.sparsity.min() > .95 * .10)
assert (mtr.sparsity.max() < 1.05 * .10)
assert (mtr.activationFrequency.min() > .50 * .10)
assert (mtr.activationFrequency.max() < 1.75 * .10)
assert (mtr.overlap.min() > .85)
def testExampleUsage(self):
A = SDR(10)
B = SDR(10)
A.sparse = [2, 3, 4, 5]
B.sparse = [0, 1, 2, 3]
X = Intersection(A, B)
assert ((X.sparse == [2, 3]).all())
B.zero()
assert (X.getSparsity() == 0)
def testDeterminism(self):
GOLD = SDR(200)
GOLD.sparse = [
8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 29, 32, 37, 39, 41, 42, 45, 47, 57, 59, 69,
71, 72, 75, 80, 84, 88, 94, 95, 96, 99, 101, 106, 116, 121, 126,
128, 135, 139, 143, 149, 150, 158, 159, 160, 171, 176, 178, 182,
184, 188, 194, 197, 198
]
gc = GridCellEncoder(size=GOLD.size,
sparsity=.25,
periods=[6, 8.5, 12, 17, 24],
seed=42)
actual = gc.encode([77, 88])
print(actual)
assert (actual == GOLD)
def testRadius(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.activeBits = 10
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 100
p.radius = 10
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
sdr1 = SDR(enc.parameters.size)
sdr2 = SDR(enc.parameters.size)
enc.encode(77, sdr1)
enc.encode(77, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 10)
enc.encode(0, sdr1)
enc.encode(1, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 9)
enc.encode(60, sdr1)
enc.encode(69, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 1)
enc.encode(45, sdr1)
enc.encode(55, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 0)
def testResolution(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.activeBits = 10
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 100
p.resolution = .5
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
sdr1 = SDR(enc.parameters.size)
sdr2 = SDR(enc.parameters.size)
enc.encode(.0, sdr1)
enc.encode(.1, sdr2)
assert (sdr1 == sdr2)
enc.encode(.0, sdr1)
enc.encode(.6, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 9)
enc.encode(70, sdr1)
enc.encode(72.5, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 5)
enc.encode(70, sdr1)
enc.encode(75, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 0)
enc.encode(60, sdr1)
enc.encode(80, sdr2)
assert (sdr1.getOverlap(sdr2) == 0)
def encode(self, location, grid_cells=None):
"""
Transform a 2-D coordinate into an SDR.
Argument location: pair of coordinates, such as "[X, Y]"
Argument grid_cells: Optional, the SDR object to store the results in.
Its dimensions must be "[GridCellEncoder.size]"
Returns grid_cells, an SDR object. This will be created if not given.
"""
location = list(location)
assert(len(location) == 2)
if grid_cells is None:
grid_cells = SDR((self.size,))
else:
assert(isinstance(grid_cells, SDR))
assert(grid_cells.dimensions == [self.size])
if any(math.isnan(x) for x in location):
grid_cells.zero()
return grid_cells
# Find the distance from the location to each grid cells nearest
# receptive field center.
# Convert the units of location to hex grid with angle 0, scale 1, offset 0.
displacement = location - self.offsets_
radius = np.empty(self.size)
for mod_idx in range(len(self.partitions_)):
start, stop = self.partitions_[mod_idx]
R = self.rot_mats_[mod_idx]
displacement[start:stop] = R.dot(displacement[start:stop].T).T
radius[start:stop] = self.periods[mod_idx] / 2
# Convert into and out of hexagonal coordinates, which rounds to the
# nearest hexagons center.
nearest = hexy.cube_to_pixel(hexy.pixel_to_cube(displacement, radius), radius)
# Find the distance between the location and the RF center.
distances = np.hypot(*(nearest - displacement).T)
# Activate the closest grid cells in each module.
index = []
for start, stop in self.partitions_:
z = int(round(self.sparsity * (stop - start)))
index.extend( np.argpartition(distances[start : stop], z)[:z] + start )
grid_cells.sparse = index
return grid_cells
def testBadEncode(self):
# Test bad SDR
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.size = 10
p.activeBits = 2
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 1
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
good = SDR(10)
bad = SDR(5)
enc.encode(.25, good)
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
enc.encode(.25, bad)
# Test bad inputs, out of valid range & clipping disabled.
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
enc.encode(-.0001, good)
with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
enc.encode(1.0001, good)
def testDenseInplace(self):
# Check that assigning dense data to itself (ie: sdr.dense = sdr.dense)
# is significantly faster than copying the data on assignment.
# Also, it should not be *too* much faster because this test-case is
# tuned to very fast in both situations.
A = SDR(100 * 1000)
B = np.copy(A.dense)
copy_time = time.clock()
for i in range(100):
A.dense = B
copy_time = time.clock() - copy_time
inplace_time = time.clock()
for i in range(100):
A.dense = A.dense
inplace_time = time.clock() - inplace_time
assert (inplace_time < copy_time / 3)
def testVersusNumpy(self):
# Each testcase is a pair of lists of SDR dimensions and axis
# dimensions.
test_cases = [
([(9, 30, 40), (2, 30, 40)], 0),
([(2, 30, 40), (2, 99, 40)], 1),
([(2, 30, 40), (2, 30, 99)], 2),
([(100, ), (10), (30)], 0),
([(100, 2), (10, 2), (30, 2)], 0),
([(1, 77), (1, 99), (1, 88)], 1),
([(1, 77, 2), (1, 99, 2), (1, 88, 2)], 1),
]
for sdr_dims, axis in test_cases:
sdrs = [SDR(dims) for dims in sdr_dims]
[sdr.randomize(.50) for sdr in sdrs]
cat_dims = sdrs[0].dimensions
cat_dims[axis] = sum(sdr.dimensions[axis] for sdr in sdrs)
cat = SDR(cat_dims)
cat.concatenate(sdrs, axis)
np_cat = np.concatenate([sdr.dense for sdr in sdrs], axis=axis)
assert ((cat.dense == np_cat).all())
def testEncode(self):
p = ScalarEncoderParameters()
p.size = 10
p.activeBits = 3
p.minimum = 0
p.maximum = 1
enc = ScalarEncoder(p)
sdr = SDR(10)
enc.encode(0, sdr)
assert (list(sdr.sparse) == [0, 1, 2])
sdr2 = enc.encode(1)
assert (list(sdr2.sparse) == [7, 8, 9])
