def test(self): # Create a dictionary to store options about the surface mesh_dict = {'num_y' : 7, 'wing_type' : 'CRM', 'symmetry' : True, 'num_twist_cp' : 5} mesh, twist_cp = generate_mesh(mesh_dict) surf_dict = { # Wing definition 'name' : 'wing', # name of the surface 'type' : 'structural', 'symmetry' : True, # if true, model one half of wing # reflected across the plane y = 0 'fem_model_type' : 'tube', 'mesh' : mesh, 'num_x' : mesh.shape[0], 'num_y' : mesh.shape[1], # Structural values are based on aluminum 7075 'E' : 70.e9, # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar 'G' : 30.e9, # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar 'yield' : 500.e6 / 2.5, # [Pa] yield stress divided by 2.5 for limiting case 'mrho' : 3.e3, # [kg/m^3] material density 'fem_origin' : 0.35, # normalized chordwise location of the spar 't_over_c' : 0.15, # maximum airfoil thickness 'thickness_cp' : np.ones((3)) * .1, 'wing_weight_ratio' : 2., 'exact_failure_constraint' : False, } # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = Problem() ny = surf_dict['num_y'] indep_var_comp = IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=np.ones((ny, 6)) * 2e5, units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=2.) struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surf_dict) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surf_dict['name'], struct_group) # Set up the problem prob.setup() prob.run_model() assert_rel_error(self, prob['wing.structural_weight'][0], 2437385.6547349701, 1e-4)
def test(self): import numpy as np from openaerostruct.geometry.utils import generate_mesh from openaerostruct.geometry.geometry_group import Geometry from openaerostruct.transfer.displacement_transfer import DisplacementTransfer from openaerostruct.structures.struct_groups import SpatialBeamAlone from openmdao.api import IndepVarComp, Problem, Group, SqliteRecorder # Create a dictionary to store options about the surface mesh_dict = { 'num_y': 7, 'wing_type': 'CRM', 'symmetry': True, 'num_twist_cp': 5 } mesh, twist_cp = generate_mesh(mesh_dict) surf_dict = { # Wing definition 'name': 'wing', # name of the surface 'type': 'structural', 'symmetry': True, # if true, model one half of wing # reflected across the plane y = 0 'fem_model_type': 'tube', 'mesh': mesh, 'num_x': mesh.shape[0], 'num_y': mesh.shape[1], # Structural values are based on aluminum 7075 'E': 70.e9, # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar 'G': 30.e9, # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar 'yield': 500.e6 / 2.5, # [Pa] yield stress divided by 2.5 for limiting case 'mrho': 3.e3, # [kg/m^3] material density 'fem_origin': 0.35, # normalized chordwise location of the spar 't_over_c': 0.15, # maximum airfoil thickness 'thickness_cp': np.ones((3)) * .1, 'wing_weight_ratio': 2., 'exact_failure_constraint': False, } # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = Problem() ny = surf_dict['num_y'] indep_var_comp = IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=np.ones((ny, 6)) * 2e5, units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=1.) struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surf_dict) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surf_dict['name'], struct_group) from openmdao.api import ScipyOptimizeDriver prob.driver = ScipyOptimizeDriver() prob.driver.options['disp'] = True recorder = SqliteRecorder('struct.db') prob.driver.add_recorder(recorder) prob.driver.recording_options['record_derivatives'] = True # Setup problem and add design variables, constraint, and objective prob.model.add_design_var('wing.thickness_cp', lower=0.01, upper=0.5, scaler=1e2) prob.model.add_constraint('wing.failure', upper=0.) prob.model.add_constraint('wing.thickness_intersects', upper=0.) # Add design variables, constraisnt, and objective on the problem prob.model.add_objective('wing.structural_weight', scaler=1e-5) # Set up the problem prob.setup() prob.run_driver() assert_rel_error(self, prob['wing.structural_weight'][0], 697377.8734430908, 1e-8)
def test(self): # Create a dictionary to store options about the surface mesh_dict = { 'num_y': 5, 'num_x': 3, 'wing_type': 'rect', 'symmetry': True, 'span_cos_spacing': 1., 'span': 10, 'chord': 1 } mesh = generate_mesh(mesh_dict) surf_dict = { # Wing definition 'name': 'wing', # name of the surface 'symmetry': True, # if true, model one half of wing # reflected across the plane y = 0 'fem_model_type': 'tube', 'mesh': mesh, # Structural values are based on aluminum 7075 'E': 70.e9, # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar 'G': 30.e9, # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar 'yield': 500.e6 / 2.5, # [Pa] yield stress divided by 2.5 for limiting case 'mrho': 3.e3, # [kg/m^3] material density 'fem_origin': 0.35, # normalized chordwise location of the spar 't_over_c_cp': np.array([0.15]), # maximum airfoil thickness 'thickness_cp': np.ones((3)) * .0075, 'wing_weight_ratio': 1., 'struct_weight_relief': False, # True to add the weight of the structure to the loads on the structure 'distributed_fuel_weight': False, 'exact_failure_constraint': False, } # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = Problem() ny = surf_dict['mesh'].shape[1] loads = np.zeros((ny, 6)) loads[0, 2] = 1e4 indep_var_comp = IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=loads, units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=1.) struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surf_dict) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surf_dict['name'], struct_group) from openmdao.api import ScipyOptimizeDriver prob.driver = ScipyOptimizeDriver() prob.driver.options['disp'] = True # Setup problem and add design variables, constraint, and objective prob.model.add_design_var('wing.thickness_cp', lower=0.001, upper=0.25, scaler=1e2) prob.model.add_constraint('wing.failure', upper=0.) prob.model.add_constraint('wing.thickness_intersects', upper=0.) # Add design variables, constraisnt, and objective on the problem prob.model.add_objective('wing.structural_weight', scaler=1e-5) # Set up the problem prob.setup() # from openmdao.api import view_model # view_model(prob) prob.run_driver() assert_rel_error(self, prob['wing.structural_weight'][0], 1144.8503583047038, 1e-4)
def test(self): # Create a dictionary to store options about the surface mesh_dict = { 'num_y': 7, 'wing_type': 'uCRM_based', 'symmetry': True, 'num_twist_cp': 5 } mesh, twist_cp = generate_mesh(mesh_dict) surf_dict = { # Wing definition 'name': 'wing', # name of the surface # reflected across the plane y = 0 'S_ref_type': 'wetted', # how we compute the wing area, # can be 'wetted' or 'projected' 'fem_model_type': 'wingbox', 'symmetry': True, 'spar_thickness_cp': np.array([0.004, 0.005, 0.005, 0.008, 0.008, 0.01]), # [m] 'skin_thickness_cp': np.array([0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, 0.026]), 'twist_cp': np.array([4., 5., 8., 8., 8., 9.]), 'mesh': mesh, 'data_x_upper': upper_x, 'data_x_lower': lower_x, 'data_y_upper': upper_y, 'data_y_lower': lower_y, 'strength_factor_for_upper_skin': 1., # Aerodynamic performance of the lifting surface at # an angle of attack of 0 (alpha=0). # These CL0 and CD0 values are added to the CL and CD # obtained from aerodynamic analysis of the surface to get # the total CL and CD. # These CL0 and CD0 values do not vary wrt alpha. 'CL0': 0.0, # CL of the surface at alpha=0 'CD0': 0.0078, # CD of the surface at alpha=0 # Airfoil properties for viscous drag calculation 'k_lam': 0.05, # percentage of chord with laminar # flow, used for viscous drag 't_over_c_cp': np.array([0.08, 0.08, 0.08, 0.10, 0.10, 0.08]), 'original_wingbox_airfoil_t_over_c': 0.12, 'c_max_t': .38, # chordwise location of maximum thickness 'with_viscous': True, 'with_wave': True, # if true, compute wave drag # Structural values are based on aluminum 7075 'E': 73.1e9, # [Pa] Young's modulus 'G': ( 73.1e9 / 2 / 1.33 ), # [Pa] shear modulus (calculated using E and the Poisson's ratio here) 'yield': (420.e6 / 1.5), # [Pa] allowable yield stress 'mrho': 2.78e3, # [kg/m^3] material density 'strength_factor_for_upper_skin': 1.0, # the yield stress is multiplied by this factor for the upper skin # 'fem_origin' : 0.35, # normalized chordwise location of the spar 'wing_weight_ratio': 1.25, 'struct_weight_relief': False, 'distributed_fuel_weight': True, # Constraints 'exact_failure_constraint': True, # if false, use KS function 'fuel_density': 803., # [kg/m^3] fuel density (only needed if the fuel-in-wing volume constraint is used) 'Wf_reserve': 15000., # [kg] reserve fuel mass } # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = Problem() ny = surf_dict['mesh'].shape[1] indep_var_comp = IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=np.ones((ny, 6)) * 2e5, units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=1.) indep_var_comp.add_output('fuel_mass', val=10000., units='kg') struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surf_dict) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surf_dict['name'], struct_group) if surf_dict['distributed_fuel_weight']: prob.model.connect('wing.fuel_mass', 'wing.struct_states.fuel_mass') prob.model.connect('wing.struct_setup.fuel_vols', 'wing.struct_states.fuel_vols') from openmdao.api import ScipyOptimizeDriver prob.driver = ScipyOptimizeDriver() prob.driver.options['tol'] = 1e-9 # Setup problem and add design variables, constraint, and objective prob.model.add_design_var('wing.spar_thickness_cp', lower=0.01, upper=0.5, ref=1e-1) prob.model.add_design_var('wing.skin_thickness_cp', lower=0.01, upper=0.5, ref=1e-1) prob.model.add_constraint('wing.failure', upper=0.) #prob.model.add_constraint('wing.thickness_intersects', upper=0.) # Add design variables, constraisnt, and objective on the problem prob.model.add_objective('wing.structural_mass', scaler=1e-5) import warnings #warnings.filterwarnings('error') # Set up the problem prob.setup() prob.run_model() data = prob.check_partials(compact_print=True, out_stream=None, method='cs') assert_check_partials(data, atol=1e20, rtol=1e-6) prob.run_driver() assert_rel_error(self, prob['wing.structural_mass'], 16704.10113356, 1e-6)
def test_multiple_masses(self): # Create a dictionary to store options about the surface mesh_dict = {'num_y' : 31, 'wing_type' : 'rect', 'span' : 10, 'symmetry' : True} mesh = generate_mesh(mesh_dict) surface = { # Wing definition 'name' : 'wing', # name of the surface 'symmetry' : True, # if true, model one half of wing # reflected across the plane y = 0 'fem_model_type' : 'tube', 'mesh' : mesh, # Structural values are based on aluminum 7075 'E' : 70.e9, # [Pa] Young's modulus of the spar 'G' : 30.e9, # [Pa] shear modulus of the spar 'yield' : 500.e6 / 2.5, # [Pa] yield stress divided by 2.5 for limiting case 'mrho' : 3.e3, # [kg/m^3] material density 'fem_origin' : 0.5, # normalized chordwise location of the spar 't_over_c_cp' : np.array([0.15]), # maximum airfoil thickness 'thickness_cp' : np.ones((3)) * .1, 'wing_weight_ratio' : 2., 'struct_weight_relief' : False, # True to add the weight of the structure to the loads on the structure 'distributed_fuel_weight' : False, 'exact_failure_constraint' : False, } # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = om.Problem() ny = surface['mesh'].shape[1] surface['n_point_masses'] = 2 indep_var_comp = om.IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=np.zeros((ny, 6)), units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=1.) point_masses = np.array([[10., 20.]]) point_mass_locations = np.array([[1., -1., 0.], [1., -2., 0.]]) indep_var_comp.add_output('point_masses', val=point_masses, units='kg') indep_var_comp.add_output('point_mass_locations', val=point_mass_locations, units='m') struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surface) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surface['name'], struct_group, promotes=['*']) # Set up the problem prob.setup() prob.run_model() assert_rel_error(self, prob['vonmises'][-1, 0], 1557126.5793494075, 1e-4)
'struct_weight_relief': False, # True to add the weight of the structure to the loads on the structure 'distributed_fuel_weight': False, 'exact_failure_constraint': False, } ## Part-2: Initialize your problem and add flow conditions ------------ # Create the problem and assign the model group prob = om.Problem() ny = surf_dict['mesh'].shape[1] indep_var_comp = om.IndepVarComp() indep_var_comp.add_output('loads', val=np.ones((ny, 6)) * 2e5, units='N') indep_var_comp.add_output('load_factor', val=1.) struct_group = SpatialBeamAlone(surface=surf_dict) # Add indep_vars to the structural group struct_group.add_subsystem('indep_vars', indep_var_comp, promotes=['*']) prob.model.add_subsystem(surf_dict['name'], struct_group) ## Part-3: Add your design variables, constraints, and objective # Import the Scipy Optimizer and set the driver of the problem to use # it, which defaults to an SLSQP optimization method prob.driver = om.ScipyOptimizeDriver() prob.driver.options['disp'] = True prob.driver.options['tol'] = 1e-9 recorder = om.SqliteRecorder('struct.db') prob.driver.add_recorder(recorder)