def test_3bus_with_transformer():
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=3)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
1,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.01,
x_ohm_per_km=.03,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.02,
x_ohm_per_km=.05,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
1,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.03,
x_ohm_per_km=.08,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 0, std_type="25 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, bus=0) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, bus=1) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -501, 10, 1) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -286, 10, 1) # Q at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 888, 8, 0,
0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1173, 8, 0,
1) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 568, 8, 0,
0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 663, 8, 0,
1) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "transformer", 2067, 10, bus=3,
element=0) # transformer meas.
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "transformer", 1228, 10, bus=3,
element=0) # at hv side
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([
0.98712592369954588, 0.98686806637143187, 0.98654891164725134,
0.98668652867504758
])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array(
[0.56755308073946575, 0.55508269341754568, 0.54096568088774744, 0.0])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-6)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-6)
def add_virtual_pmu_meas_from_loadflow(net,
v_std_dev=0.001,
i_std_dev=0.1,
p_std_dev=0.01,
q_std_dev=0.01,
dg_std_dev=0.1,
seed=14,
with_random_error=True):
np.random.seed(seed)
bus_meas_types = {
'v': 'vm_pu',
"va": "va_degree",
'p': 'p_mw',
'q': 'q_mvar'
}
branch_meas_type = {
'line': {
'side': ('from', 'to'),
'meas_type': ('i_ka', 'ia_degree', 'p_mw', 'q_mvar')
},
'trafo': {
'side': ('hv', 'lv'),
'meas_type': ('i_ka', 'ia_degree', 'p_mw', 'q_mvar')
},
'trafo3w': {
'side': ('hv', 'mv', 'lv'),
'meas_type': ('i_ka', 'ia_degree', 'p_mw', 'q_mvar')
}
}
# Added degree result for branches
for br_type in branch_meas_type.keys():
for side in branch_meas_type[br_type]['side']:
p, q, vm, va = net["res_" + br_type]["p_%s_mw" % side].values, \
net["res_" + br_type]["q_%s_mvar" % side].values, \
net["res_" + br_type]["vm_%s_pu" % side].values, \
net["res_" + br_type]["va_%s_degree" % side].values
S = p + q * 1j
V = vm * np.exp(np.deg2rad(va) * 1j)
I = np.conj(S / V)
net["res_" + br_type]["ia_%s_degree" % side] = np.rad2deg(
np.angle(I))
for bus_ix, bus_res in net.res_bus.iterrows():
for meas_type in bus_meas_types.keys():
meas_value = float(bus_res[bus_meas_types[meas_type]])
if meas_type in ('p', 'q'):
pp.create_measurement(net,
meas_type=meas_type,
element_type='bus',
element=bus_ix,
value=meas_value,
std_dev=1)
else:
pp.create_measurement(net,
meas_type=meas_type,
element_type='bus',
element=bus_ix,
value=meas_value,
std_dev=v_std_dev)
for br_type in branch_meas_type.keys():
if not net['res_' + br_type].empty:
for br_ix, br_res in net['res_' + br_type].iterrows():
for side in branch_meas_type[br_type]['side']:
for meas_type in branch_meas_type[br_type]['meas_type']:
pp.create_measurement(
net,
meas_type=meas_type.split("_")[0],
element_type=br_type,
element=br_ix,
side=side,
value=br_res[meas_type.split("_")[0] + '_' + side +
'_' + meas_type.split("_")[1]],
std_dev=1)
if with_random_error:
add_virtual_meas_error(net,
v_std_dev=v_std_dev,
p_std_dev=p_std_dev,
q_std_dev=q_std_dev,
i_std_dev=i_std_dev,
dg_std_dev=dg_std_dev,
with_random_error=with_random_error)
#create empty network net = pp.create_empty_network() #create buses b1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus 1", vn_kv=1., index=1) b2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus 2", vn_kv=1., index=2) b3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus 3", vn_kv=1., index=3) # set the slack bus to bus 1 pp.create_ext_grid(net, 1) #create lines l1 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0., max_i_ka=1) l2 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 3, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0., max_i_ka=1) l3 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 3, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0., max_i_ka=1) #create measurements pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, element=b1) # V at bus 1 pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.968, .004, element=b2) # V at bus 2 pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -0.501, .0010, element=b2) # P at bus 2 pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -0.286, .0010, element=b2) # Q at bus 2 pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 0.888, .008, element=l1, side=b1) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1 pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, .008, element=l2, side=b1) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1 pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.568, .008, element=l1, side=b1) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1 pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.663, .008, element=l2, side=b1) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1 net.measurement success = estimate(net, init='flat') print(success) net.res_line_est
def test_3bus_with_bad_data():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.7, x_ohm_per_km=0.2, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.8, x_ohm_per_km=0.8, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=1, x_ohm_per_km=0.6, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", -0.0011, 0.01, 0, 0) # p12
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.024, 0.01, 0, 0) # q12
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -0.018, 0.01, 2) # p3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0.1, 0.01, 2) # q3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.08, 0.05, 0) # u1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.015, 0.05, 2) # u3
# 0. Do chi2-test for corret data
assert not chi2_analysis(net, init='flat')
# 1. Create false voltage measurement for testing bad data detection (-> should be removed)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.3, 0.01, 1) # V at bus 2
# 2. Do chi2-test
bad_data_detected = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat')
# 3. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net, init='flat')
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([1.0627, 1.0589, 1.0317])
diff_v = target_v - v_est_rn_max
target_delta = np.array([0., 0.8677, 3.1381])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_est_rn_max
assert bad_data_detected
assert success_rn_max
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
successc = estimate(comm_feeder, init='flat')
print(successc)
#####MIXED ESTIMATOR##############
successrc = estimate(mixed_feeder, init='flat')
print(successrc)
#################################################SET UP MEASUREMENTS FOR OVERALL FEEDER########################
j = 0
while j < 1:
##RESIDENTIAL
i = 0
while i < len(res_feeder.res_bus_est):
pp.create_measurement(net,
'v',
'bus',
res_feeder.res_bus_est.vm_pu[i],
0.0004,
element=i + 3)
pp.create_measurement(net,
'p',
'bus',
-res_feeder.res_bus_est.p_mw[i],
0.0010,
element=i + 3)
pp.create_measurement(net,
'q',
'bus',
res_feeder.res_bus_est.p_mw[i],
0.0010,
element=i + 3)
i = i + 1
def create_net_with_bb_switch():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=10.)
bus5 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus5", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus5, bus1, std_type="40 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus5, vm_pu=1.0)
pp.create_load(net, bus1, p_mw=.350, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=.450, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=.250, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus4, p_mw=.150, q_mvar=.100)
# Created bb switch
pp.create_switch(net, bus2, element=bus3, et='b')
pp.create_switch(net, bus1, element=bus4, et='b')
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus1], .002), .002, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus3], .002), .002, element=bus3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus5], .002), .002, element=bus5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus5], .002), .002, element=bus5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus5], .002), .002, element=bus5)
# If measurement on the bus with bb-switch activated, it will incluence the results of the merged bus
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus3], .001), .001, element=bus3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus3], .001), .001, element=bus3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", r2(net.res_line.q_from_mvar.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
return net
def test_zero_injection_aux_bus():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus2, bus3, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus4, bus1, std_type="40 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus4, vm_pu=1.0)
pp.create_load(net, bus1, p_mw=.350, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=.450, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=.250, q_mvar=.100)
net.bus.at[bus3, 'in_service'] = False
# Created bb switch
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus1], .002), .002, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
# If measurement on the bus with bb-switch activated, it will incluence the results of the merged bus
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", r2(net.res_line.q_from_mvar.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
net_auto = deepcopy(net)
net_aux = deepcopy(net)
success_none = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection=None)
# In this case zero_injection in mode "aux_bus" and "auto" should be exact the same
success_aux = estimate(net_aux, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection='aux_bus')
success_auto = estimate(net_auto, tolerance=1e-5, zero_injection='auto')
assert success_none and success_aux and success_auto
assert np.allclose(net_auto.res_bus_est.va_degree.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.va_degree.values, 1e-4, equal_nan=True)
assert np.allclose(net_auto.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-4, equal_nan=True)
# in case zero injection was set to none, the results should be different
assert ~np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_aux.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-2, equal_nan=True)
def test_3bus_with_pq_line_from_to_measurements():
np.random.seed(2017)
net = load_3bus_network()
net.measurement.drop(net.measurement.index, inplace=True)
pp.create_load(net, 1, p_kw=495.974966, q_kvar=297.749528)
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_kw=1514.220983, q_kvar=787.528929)
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0] * r(0.01),
0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[2] * r(0.01),
0.01, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_kw[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_kvar[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -net.res_bus.p_kw[2] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_kw[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -net.res_bus.q_kvar[2] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_kvar[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_from_kw[0])),
element=0,
bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0])),
element=0,
bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_to_kw[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_to_kw[0])),
element=0,
bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_to_kvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_to_kvar[0])),
element=0,
bus=1)
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(
abs(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus.vm_pu.values)) < 0.023)
assert (np.nanmax(
abs(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - net.res_bus.va_degree.values)) <
0.12)
def test_IEEE_case_9_with_bad_data():
# 1. Create network
# test grid: IEEE case 9 (HV)
# overall: 9 buses, 8 lines
net = pp.networks.case9()
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.0, 0.01, bus=1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.02, 0.01, bus=2) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.9822, 0.01, bus=3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.979, 0.01, bus=4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.005, 0.01, bus=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.997, 0.01, bus=7) # V at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.953, 0.01, bus=8) # V at bus 8
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 72000, 100., bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 162780, 100., bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 84958, 70., bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -89967., 20., bus=4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -100059., 30., bus=6)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -125100, 50., bus=8)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 24000, 100., bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 14500, 100., bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 3644, 70., bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -30041., 20., bus=4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -35087, 30., bus=6)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -49900, 50., bus=8)
# 2. Do state estimation
success_SE = estimate(net, init='flat', ref_power=1e6)
v_est_SE = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_SE = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
# 3. Create false measurement (very close to useful values)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.2, 0.01, bus=0) # V at bus 0
# 4. Do chi2-test
bad_data_detected = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat', ref_power=1e6)
# 5. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net,
init='flat',
ref_power=1e6,
rn_max_threshold=7.0)
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = v_est_SE - v_est_rn_max
diff_delta = delta_SE - delta_est_rn_max
assert success_SE
assert bad_data_detected
assert success_rn_max
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-5)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-5)
def test_3bus_with_transformer():
np.random.seed(12)
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=3, vm_pu=1.01)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
1,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.01,
x_ohm_per_km=.03,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.02,
x_ohm_per_km=.05,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
1,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.03,
x_ohm_per_km=.08,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net,
3,
0,
std_type="25 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older")
pp.create_load(net, 1, 450, 300)
pp.create_load(net, 2, 350, 200)
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"v",
"bus",
r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[0], .004),
.004,
bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"v",
"bus",
r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[1], .004),
.004,
bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"v",
"bus",
r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[3], .004),
.004,
bus=3)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"bus",
-r2(net.res_bus.p_kw.iloc[1], 10),
10,
bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"bus",
-r2(net.res_bus.q_kvar.iloc[1], 10),
10,
bus=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"bus",
-r2(net.res_bus.p_kw.iloc[2], 10),
10,
bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"bus",
-r2(net.res_bus.q_kvar.iloc[2], 10),
10,
bus=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1.0, bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1.0, bus=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line",
r2(net.res_line.p_from_kw.iloc[0], 8), 8, 0, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line",
r2(net.res_line.p_from_kw.iloc[1], 8), 8, 0, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"trafo",
r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_kw.iloc[0], 10),
10,
bus=3,
element=0) # transformer meas.
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"trafo",
r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_kvar.iloc[0], 10),
10,
bus=3,
element=0) # at hv side
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net,
init='slack',
tolerance=5e-5,
maximum_iterations=10,
calculate_voltage_angles=True)
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - v_result
diff_delta = net.res_bus.va_degree.values - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 6e-4)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1.4e-4)
# Backwards check. Use state estimation results for power flow and check for equality
net.load.drop(net.load.index, inplace=True)
net.ext_grid.vm_pu = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.iloc[net.ext_grid.bus.iloc[0]]
pp.create_load(net, 0, net.res_bus_est.p_kw.iloc[0],
net.res_bus_est.q_kvar.iloc[0])
pp.create_load(net, 1, net.res_bus_est.p_kw.iloc[1],
net.res_bus_est.q_kvar.iloc[1])
pp.create_load(net, 2, net.res_bus_est.p_kw.iloc[2],
net.res_bus_est.q_kvar.iloc[2])
_compare_pf_and_se_results(net)
def test_3bus_with_2_slacks():
# load the net which already contains 3 buses
net = load_3bus_network()
# add the same net with different slack (no galvanic connection)
# skip bus index 4 as further stability test
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus5", vn_kv=1., index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus6", vn_kv=1., index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus7", vn_kv=1., index=7)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 5)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
5,
6,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.01,
x_ohm_per_km=.03,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
5,
7,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.02,
x_ohm_per_km=.05,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
6,
7,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.03,
x_ohm_per_km=.08,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, bus=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, bus=6) # V at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -501, 10, 6) # P at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -286, 10, 6) # Q at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 888, 8, 5,
3) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1173, 8, 5,
4) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 568, 8, 5,
3) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 663, 8, 5,
4) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 5
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init='flat', maximum_iterations=10)
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array(
[0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438, np.nan, 0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([
0.0, -1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862, np.nan, 0.0,
-1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862
])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4)
def test_init_slack_with_multiple_transformers():
np.random.seed(123)
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 220, index=0)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=1)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=2)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=3)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=4)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=7, in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net,
3,
7,
std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV",
in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 4, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, std_type="100 MVA 220/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 2, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 3, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 4, 5, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 5, 6, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_load(net, 2, 5000, 3300)
pp.create_load(net, 5, 900, 500)
pp.create_load(net, 6, 700, 300)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
bus=0,
vm_pu=1.04,
va_degree=10.,
name="Slack 220 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
for bus, row in net.res_bus[net.bus.in_service == True].iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
if row.p_kw != 0.:
continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -row.p_kw * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.p_kw)), bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -row.q_kvar * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.q_kvar)), bus)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[0],
10.,
bus=1,
element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0],
10.,
bus=1,
element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[2],
10.,
bus=4,
element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[2],
10.,
bus=4,
element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[3],
10.,
bus=5,
element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[3],
10.,
bus=5,
element=3)
success = estimate(net, init='slack')
diff_v = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - np.asarray([
1.044860374, 1.0425606695, 1.0423765983, 1.0425110929, 1.0412160717,
1.0294819221, 1.0244679562, np.nan
])
diff_delta = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - np.asarray([
10., 9.5804972667, 9.5764432027, 9.5785762652, -140.5572134472,
-140.5248734844, -140.5280590882, np.nan
])
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-8)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-8)
def test_IEEE_case_9_with_bad_data():
# 1. Create network
# test grid: IEEE case 9 (HV)
# overall: 9 buses, 8 lines
# choosen standard deviations for different types of measurements:
# - V: 0.01 p.u.
# - P: 1000 kW (1kW for no load)
# - Q: 1000 kVA (1kVA for no load)
net = pp.networks.case9()
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.995, 0.01, bus=1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.992, 0.01, bus=2) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.988, 0.01, bus=3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.969, 0.01, bus=4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.019, 0.01, bus=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.999, 0.01, bus=7) # V at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 0.963, 0.01, bus=8) # V at bus 8
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 73137., 1000., bus=0) # P at bus 0
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 85133., 1000., bus=2) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3) # P at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 1., bus=5) # P at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -99884., 1000., bus=6) # P at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 10., bus=7) # P at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 24272., 1000., bus=0) # P at bus 0
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 13969., 1000., bus=1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 4235., 1000., bus=2) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=3) # Q at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -30177., 1000., bus=4) # Q at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 10., bus=5) # Q at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -36856., 1000., bus=6) # Q at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 1., bus=7) # Q at bus 7
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -49673., 1000., bus=8) # Q at bus 8
# 2. Do state estimation
success_SE = estimate(net, init='flat')
v_est_SE = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_SE = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
# 3. Create false measurements
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 3000., 1000., bus=1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -2000., 1000., bus=4) # P at bus 4
# 4. Do chi2-test
success_chi2 = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat')
# 5. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net, init='flat')
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = v_est_SE - v_est_rn_max
diff_delta = delta_SE - delta_est_rn_max
assert success_SE
assert success_chi2
assert success_rn_max
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-5)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-5)
def test_3bus():
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
1,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.7,
x_ohm_per_km=0.2,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.8,
x_ohm_per_km=0.8,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
1,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=1,
x_ohm_per_km=0.6,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
-0.0011e3,
0.01e3,
bus=0,
element=0) # p12
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.024e3, 0.01e3, bus=0,
element=0) # q12
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0.018e3, 0.01e3, bus=2) # p3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -0.1e3, 0.01e3, bus=2) # q3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.08, 0.05, 0) # u1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.015, 0.05, 2) # u3
# 2. Do state estimation
success = estimate(net, init='flat')
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([1.0627, 1.0589, 1.0317])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([0., 0.8677, 3.1381])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4)
def test_network_with_trafo3w_pq():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_slack = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus_slack)
bus_20_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20,name="b")
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_20_1, p_mw=0.03, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_10_1, p_mw=0.02, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_load(net, bus=bus_10_2, p_mw=0.06, q_mvar=0.01)
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
pp.create_transformer3w(net, bus_slack, bus_20_1, bus_10_1, std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_hv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_mv_mw[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_mv_mvar[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_lv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_lv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0], 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[1], 0.01, 1)
if not estimate(net):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
if not (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006) or\
not (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed")
#Try estimate with results initialization
if not estimate(net, init="results"):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_init_slack_with_multiple_transformers(angles=True):
np.random.seed(123)
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 220, index=0)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=1)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=2)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=3)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=4)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=7, in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net,
3,
7,
std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older",
in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net,
3,
4,
std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older")
pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, std_type="100 MVA 220/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 2, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 3, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 4, 5, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 5, 6, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_load(net, 2, 5000, 3300)
pp.create_load(net, 5, 900, 500)
pp.create_load(net, 6, 700, 300)
pp.create_ext_grid(net,
bus=0,
vm_pu=1.04,
va_degree=10.,
name="Slack 220 kV")
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
for bus, row in net.res_bus[net.bus.in_service == True].iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
if row.p_kw != 0.:
continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -row.p_kw * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.p_kw)), bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -row.q_kvar * r(),
max(1.0, abs(0.03 * row.q_kvar)), bus)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[0],
10.,
bus=1,
element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[0],
10.,
bus=1,
element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[2],
10.,
bus=4,
element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[2],
10.,
bus=4,
element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
net.res_line.p_from_kw[3],
10.,
bus=5,
element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"q",
"line",
net.res_line.q_from_kvar[3],
10.,
bus=5,
element=3)
success = estimate(net, init='slack', calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
# pretty high error for vm_pu (half percent!)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(
np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) <
0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(
np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values -
net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
def test_network_with_trafo3w_with_disabled_branch():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus_slack = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=110)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus_slack)
bus_20_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=20,name="b")
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_20_1, p_mw=0.03, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_1 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_sgen(net, bus=bus_10_1, p_mw=0.02, q_mvar=0.02)
bus_10_2 = pp.create_bus(net, vn_kv=10)
pp.create_load(net, bus=bus_10_2, p_mw=0.06, q_mvar=0.01)
pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
disabled_line = pp.create_line(net, from_bus=bus_10_1, to_bus=bus_10_2, std_type="149-AL1/24-ST1A 10.0", length_km=2)
net.line.at[disabled_line, 'in_service'] = False
pp.create_transformer3w(net, bus_slack, bus_20_1, bus_10_1, std_type="63/25/38 MVA 110/20/10 kV")
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[1], 0.001, 1, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[1], 0.001, 1, 'to')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_hv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_hv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'hv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_mv_mw[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_mv_mvar[0], 0.002, 0, 'mv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.p_lv_mw[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo3w", net.res_trafo3w.q_lv_mvar[0], 0.001, 0, 'lv')
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0], 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[1], 0.01, 1)
success = estimate(net)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
def test_3bus_with_out_of_service_bus():
# Test case from book "Power System State Estimation", A. Abur, A. G. Exposito, p. 20ff.
# S_ref = 1 MVA (PP standard)
# V_ref = 1 kV
# Z_ref = 1 Ohm
# The example only had per unit values, but pandapower expects kV, MVA, kW, kVar
# Measurements should be in kW/kVar/A - Voltage in p.u.
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=1., in_service=0) # out-of-service bus test
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, 0) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, 1) # V at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", .501, .010, 1) # P at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", .286, .010, 1) # Q at bus 2
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", .888, .008, 0, 0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, .008, 1, 0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .568, .008, 0, 0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .663, .008, 1, 0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 3) at bus 1
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([[0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438, np.nan]])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([[0., -1.2475, -2.7457, np.nan]])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_net_with_zero_injection():
# @author: AndersLi
net = pp.create_empty_network()
b1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 1", vn_kv=220, index=1)
b2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 2", vn_kv=220, index=2)
b3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 3", vn_kv=220, index=3)
b4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="Bus 4", vn_kv=220, index=4)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, b1) # set the slack bus to bus 1
factor = 48.4 * 2 * np.pi * 50 * 1e-9 # capacity factor
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.0221*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.1603*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00274/factor, max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 3, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.0428*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.242*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00384/factor, max_i_ka=1)
l3 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 2, 4, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.002*48.4,
x_ohm_per_km=.0111*48.4, c_nf_per_km=0.00018/factor, max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.063548, .001, b1) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.068342, .001, b3) # V at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.069861, .001, b4) # V at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 40.0, 1, b1) # P at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 9.2, 1, b1) # Q at bus 1
# pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0, 0.01, b2) # P at bus 2 - not required anymore
# pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0, 0.01, b2) # Q at bus 2 - not required anymore
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -10.0, 1, b3) # P at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -1.0, 1, b3) # Q at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -30.0, 1, b4) # P at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0.100, 1, b4) # Q at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 30.100, 1, l3, side="to") # Pline (bus 2 -> bus 4) at bus 4
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", -0.099, 1, l3, side="to") # Qline (bus 2 -> bus 4) at bus 4
estimate(net, tolerance=1e-10, zero_injection='auto', algorithm='wls_with_zero_constraint')
assert np.abs(net.res_bus_est.at[b2, 'p_mw']) < 1e-8
assert np.abs(net.res_bus_est.at[b2, 'q_mvar']) < 1e-8
net_given_bus = deepcopy(net)
success = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection="auto")
success_given_bus = estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection=[b2])
assert success and success_given_bus
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values,net_given_bus.res_bus_est.va_degree.values, 1e-3)
assert np.allclose(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values,net_given_bus.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values, 1e-3)
def test_3bus_with_transformer():
np.random.seed(12)
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=3, vm_pu=1.01)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_std_type(net, {"sn_mva": 25, "vn_hv_kv": 110, "vn_lv_kv": 10, "vk_percent": 10.04,
"vkr_percent": 0.276, "pfe_kw": 28.51, "i0_percent": 0.073, "shift_degree": 150,
"tap_side": "hv", "tap_neutral": 0, "tap_min": -9, "tap_max": 9, "tap_step_degree": 0,
"tap_step_percent": 1.5, "tap_phase_shifter": False},
"25 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older", element="trafo")
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 0, std_type="25 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older")
pp.create_load(net, bus=1, p_mw=0.45, q_mvar=0.3)
pp.create_load(net, bus=2, p_mw=0.35, q_mvar=0.2)
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[0], .004), .004, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[1], .004), .004, element=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[3], .004), .004, element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[1], .01), .01, element=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[1], .01), .01, element=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[2], .01), .010, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[2], .01), .01, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0., 0.001, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0., 0.001, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .008), .008, 0, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[1], .008), .008, 1, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .01), .01,
side="hv", element=0) # transformer meas.
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .01), .01,
side=3, element=0) # at hv side
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='slack', tolerance=1e-6,
maximum_iterations=10, calculate_voltage_angles=True):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
diff_v = net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - v_result
diff_delta = net.res_bus.va_degree.values - delta_result
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 6e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 8e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
# Backwards check. Use state estimation results for power flow and check for equality
net.load.drop(net.load.index, inplace=True)
net.ext_grid.vm_pu = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.iloc[net.ext_grid.bus.iloc[0]]
pp.create_load(net, 0, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[0], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[0])
pp.create_load(net, 1, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[1], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[1])
pp.create_load(net, 2, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[2], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[2])
_compare_pf_and_se_results(net)
def test_net_unobserved_island():
net = pp.create_empty_network()
bus1 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=10.)
bus2 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=10.)
bus3 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=10.)
bus4 = pp.create_bus(net, name="bus4", vn_kv=110.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus1, bus2, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, bus2, bus3, 10, r_ohm_per_km=.59, x_ohm_per_km=.35, c_nf_per_km=10.1,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_transformer(net, bus4, bus1, std_type="40 MVA 110/10 kV")
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=bus4, vm_pu=1.0)
pp.create_load(net, bus1, p_mw=.350, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus2, p_mw=.450, q_mvar=.100)
pp.create_load(net, bus3, p_mw=.250, q_mvar=.100)
# Created bb switch
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=True)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus1], .002), .002, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.vm_pu.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus4], .002), .002, element=bus4)
# IF pq of bus2 is not available makes bus3 an unobserved island
# pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
# pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus2], .001), .001, element=bus2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.p_mw.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", r2(net.res_bus.q_mvar.iloc[bus1], .001), .001, element=bus1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", r2(net.res_line.p_from_mw.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", r2(net.res_line.q_from_mvar.iloc[0], .002), .002, 0, side='from')
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.p_hv_mw.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "trafo", r2(net.res_trafo.q_hv_mvar.iloc[0], .001), .01,
side="hv", element=0)
if not estimate(net, tolerance=1e-6, zero_injection=None):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_3bus_with_2_slacks():
# load the net which already contains 3 buses
net = load_3bus_network()
# add the same net with different slack (no galvanic connection)
# skip bus index 4 as further stability test
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus5", vn_kv=1., index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus6", vn_kv=1., index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus7", vn_kv=1., index=7)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 5)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 5, 6, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.01, x_ohm_per_km=.03, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 5, 7, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.02, x_ohm_per_km=.05, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 6, 7, 1, r_ohm_per_km=.03, x_ohm_per_km=.08, c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, .004, element=5) # V at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, .004, element=6) # V at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", .501, .010, element=6) # P at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", .286, .010, element=6) # Q at bus 6
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", .888, .008, 3, 5) # Pline (bus 5 -> bus 6) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, .008, 4, 5) # Pline (bus 5 -> bus 7) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .568, .008, 3, 5) # Qline (bus 5 -> bus 6) at bus 5
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", .663, .008, 4, 5) # Qline (bus 5 -> bus 7) at bus 5
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='flat', maximum_iterations=10):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438, np.nan, 0.9996, 0.9741, 0.9438])
target_delta = np.array([0.0, -1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862, np.nan, 0.0,
-1.2475469989322963, -2.7457167371166862])
if not np.allclose(v_result, target_v, atol=1e-4, equal_nan=True) or\
not np.allclose(delta_result, target_delta, atol=1e-4, equal_nan=True):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
def test_example_simple():
net = example_simple()
# --- fix scaling
net.load["scaling"] = 1.
# --- add some additional data
net.bus["subnet"] = ["net%i" % i for i in net.bus.index]
pp.create_measurement(net, "i", "trafo", np.nan, np.nan, 0, "hv", name="1")
pp.create_measurement(net, "i", "line", np.nan, np.nan, 1, "to", name="2")
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", np.nan, np.nan, 0, name="3")
net.shunt["max_step"] = np.nan
stor = pp.create_storage(net, 6, 0.01, 0.1, -0.002, 0.05, 80, name="sda", min_p_mw=-0.01,
max_p_mw=0.008, min_q_mvar=-0.01, max_q_mvar=0.005)
net.storage.loc[stor, "efficiency_percent"] = 90
net.storage.loc[stor, "self-discharge_percent_per_day"] = 0.3
pp.create_dcline(net, 4, 6, 0.01, 0.1, 1e-3, 1.0, 1.01, name="df", min_q_from_mvar=-0.01)
pp.runpp(net)
to_drop = pp.create_bus(net, 7, "to_drop")
# --- add names to elements
for i in pp.pp_elements():
net[i] = ensure_full_column_data_existence(net, i, 'name')
avoid_duplicates_in_column(net, i, 'name')
# --- create geodata
net.bus_geodata["x"] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3.63]
net.bus_geodata["y"] = [0]*5+[-5, 5, 2.33]
merge_busbar_coordinates(net)
# --- convert
csv_data = pp2csv_data(net, export_pp_std_types=True, drop_inactive_elements=True)
net_from_csv_data = csv_data2pp(csv_data)
# --- adjust net appearance
pp.drop_buses(net, [to_drop])
del net["OPF_converged"]
net.load["type"] = np.nan
del net_from_csv_data["substation"]
del net_from_csv_data["profiles"]
for key in net.keys():
if isinstance(net[key], pd.DataFrame):
# drop unequal columns
dummy_columns = net[key].columns
extra_columns = net_from_csv_data[key].columns.difference(dummy_columns)
net_from_csv_data[key].drop(columns=extra_columns, inplace=True)
# drop result table rows
if "res_" in key:
if not key == "res_bus":
net[key].drop(net[key].index, inplace=True)
else:
net[key].loc[:, ["p_mw", "q_mvar"]] = np.nan
# adjust dtypes
if net[key].shape[0]:
try:
net_from_csv_data[key] = net_from_csv_data[key].astype(dtype=dict(net[
key].dtypes))
except:
logger.error("dtype adjustment of %s failed." % key)
eq = pp.nets_equal(net, net_from_csv_data, tol=1e-7)
assert eq
def test_3bus_with_side_names():
np.random.seed(2017)
net = load_3bus_network()
net.measurement.drop(net.measurement.index, inplace=True)
pp.create_load(net, 1, p_mw=0.495974966, q_mvar=0.297749528)
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_mw=1.514220983, q_mvar=0.787528929)
pp.runpp(net)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[0] * r(0.01), 0.01, 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", net.res_bus.vm_pu[2] * r(0.01), 0.01, 1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", net.res_bus.p_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", net.res_bus.q_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[0])), 0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", net.res_bus.p_mw[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.p_mw[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", net.res_bus.q_mvar[2] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_bus.q_mvar[2])), 2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_from_mw[0])), element=0, side="from")
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0])), element=0, side="from")
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_to_mw[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.p_to_mw[0])), element=0, side="to")
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0] * r(),
max(1.0e-3, abs(0.03 * net.res_line.q_to_mvar[0])), element=0, side="to")
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus.vm_pu.values)) < 0.023)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values - net.res_bus.va_degree.values)) < 0.12)
def add_virtual_meas_from_loadflow(net,
v_std_dev=0.01,
p_std_dev=0.03,
q_std_dev=0.03,
seed=14,
with_random_error=False):
np.random.seed(seed)
bus_meas_types = {'v': 'vm_pu', 'p': 'p_mw', 'q': 'q_mvar'}
branch_meas_type = {
'line': {
'side': ('from', 'to'),
'meas_type': ('p_mw', 'q_mvar')
},
'trafo': {
'side': ('hv', 'lv'),
'meas_type': ('p_mw', 'q_mvar')
},
'trafo3w': {
'side': ('hv', 'mv', 'lv'),
'meas_type': ('p_mw', 'q_mvar')
}
}
for bus_ix, bus_res in net.res_bus.iterrows():
for meas_type in bus_meas_types.keys():
meas_value = float(bus_res[bus_meas_types[meas_type]])
if meas_type in ('p', 'q'):
pp.create_measurement(net,
meas_type=meas_type,
element_type='bus',
element=bus_ix,
value=meas_value,
std_dev=1)
else:
pp.create_measurement(net,
meas_type=meas_type,
element_type='bus',
element=bus_ix,
value=meas_value,
std_dev=v_std_dev)
for br_type in branch_meas_type.keys():
if not net['res_' + br_type].empty:
for br_ix, br_res in net['res_' + br_type].iterrows():
for side in branch_meas_type[br_type]['side']:
for meas_type in branch_meas_type[br_type]['meas_type']:
pp.create_measurement(
net,
meas_type=meas_type[0],
element_type=br_type,
element=br_ix,
side=side,
value=br_res[meas_type[0] + '_' + side +
meas_type[1:]],
std_dev=1)
add_virtual_meas_error(net,
v_std_dev=v_std_dev,
p_std_dev=p_std_dev,
q_std_dev=q_std_dev,
with_random_error=with_random_error)
def test_init_slack_with_multiple_transformers(angles=True):
np.random.seed(123)
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, 220, index=0)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=1)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=2)
pp.create_bus(net, 110, index=3)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=4)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=5)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=6)
pp.create_bus(net, 10, index=7, in_service=False)
pp.create_std_type(net, {"sn_mva": 63, "vn_hv_kv": 110, "vn_lv_kv": 10, "vk_percent": 10.04,
"vkr_percent": 0.31, "pfe_kw": 31.51, "i0_percent": 0.078, "shift_degree": 150,
"tap_side": "hv", "tap_neutral": 0, "tap_min": -9, "tap_max": 9, "tap_step_degree": 0,
"tap_step_percent": 1.5, "tap_phase_shifter": False},
"63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older", element="trafo")
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 7, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older", in_service=False)
pp.create_transformer(net, 3, 4, std_type="63 MVA 110/10 kV v1.4.3 and older")
pp.create_transformer(net, 0, 1, std_type="100 MVA 220/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 2, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 1, 3, 2.0, std_type="N2XS(FL)2Y 1x120 RM/35 64/110 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 4, 5, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_line(net, 5, 6, 2.0, std_type="NA2XS2Y 1x95 RM/25 12/20 kV")
pp.create_load(net, 2, p_mw=5, q_mvar=3.3)
pp.create_load(net, 5, p_mw=0.9, q_mvar=0.5)
pp.create_load(net, bus=6, p_mw=0.7, q_mvar=0.3)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, bus=0, vm_pu=1.04, va_degree=10., name="Slack 220 kV")
pp.runpp(net, calculate_voltage_angles=angles)
for bus, row in net.res_bus[net.bus.in_service == True].iterrows():
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", row.vm_pu * r(0.01), 0.01, bus)
if row.p_mw != 0.:
continue
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", row.p_mw * r(), max(0.001, abs(0.03 * row.p_mw)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", row.q_mvar * r(), max(.0001, abs(0.03 * row.q_mvar)),
bus)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[0], .01, side=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[0], 0.01, side=1, element=0)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[2], .01, side=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[2], .01, side=4, element=2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", net.res_line.p_from_mw[3], .01, side=5, element=3)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", net.res_line.q_from_mvar[3], 0.01, side=5, element=3)
success = estimate(net, init='slack', calculate_voltage_angles=angles, tolerance=1e-9)
# pretty high error for vm_pu (half percent!)
assert success
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.vm_pu.values - net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values)) < 0.006)
assert (np.nanmax(np.abs(net.res_bus.va_degree.values- net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values)) < 0.006)
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.02,
x_ohm_per_km=.05,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
l3 = pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
2,
3,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=.03,
x_ohm_per_km=.08,
c_nf_per_km=0.,
max_i_ka=1)
# bus voltages
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.006, 0.004, b1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", .968, 0.004, b2)
# bus, p, q
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -0.501, 10., b2)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -.266, 10., b2)
# line
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 0.888, 8., l1, side=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", 1.173, 8., l2, side=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.568, 8., l1, side=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.663, 8., l2, side=1)
est.estimate(net)
print(net.res_bus_est)
def test_3bus():
# 1. Create network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 1, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.7, x_ohm_per_km=0.2, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 0, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=0.8, x_ohm_per_km=0.8, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net, 1, 2, 1, r_ohm_per_km=1, x_ohm_per_km=0.6, c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "line", -0.0011, 0.01, 0, 0) # p12
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.024, 0.01, 0, 0) # q12
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", -0.018, 0.01, 2) # p3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", 0.1, 0.01, 2) # q3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.08, 0.05, 0) # u1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.015, 0.05, 2) # u3
# 2. Do state estimation
if not estimate(net, init='flat'):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
v_result = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_result = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([1.0627, 1.0589, 1.0317])
diff_v = target_v - v_result
target_delta = np.array([0., 0.8677, 3.1381])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_result
if not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4) or\
not (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4):
raise AssertionError("Estimation failed!")
# Backwards check. Use state estimation results for power flow and check for equality
net.ext_grid.vm_pu = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.iloc[0]
pp.create_load(net, 0, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[0], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[0])
pp.create_load(net, 1, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[1], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[1])
pp.create_load(net, 2, net.res_bus_est.p_mw.iloc[2], net.res_bus_est.q_mvar.iloc[2])
_compare_pf_and_se_results(net)
def create_measurement_unit(df_measurement, net):
list_value = []
list_std = []
for index, row in df_measurement.iterrows():
if row['element_type'] == 'bus':
if row['meas_type'] == 'v':
mu = net.res_bus.iloc[row['element'], 0]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_bus_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_bus_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'p':
mu = net.res_bus.iloc[row['element'], 2]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_bus_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_bus_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'q':
mu = net.res_bus.iloc[row['element'], 3]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_bus_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_bus_accuracy) / 4
elif row['element_type'] == 'line':
if row['side'] == 'from':
if row['meas_type'] == 'p':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 0]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'q':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 1]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'i':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 6]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['side'] == 'to':
if row['meas_type'] == 'p':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 2]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'q':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 3]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'i':
mu = net.res_line.iloc[row['element'], 7]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_line_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_line_accuracy) / 4
elif row['element_type'] == 'trafo':
if row['side'] == 'from':
if row['meas_type'] == 'i':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 6]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'p':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 0]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'q':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 1]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
elif row['side'] == 'to':
if row['meas_type'] == 'i':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 7]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'p':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 2]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
elif row['meas_type'] == 'q':
mu = net.res_trafo.iloc[row['element'], 3]
sigma = (abs(mu) * upper_trafo_accuracy -
abs(mu) * lower_trafo_accuracy) / 4
# print(mu)
value = np.random.normal(mu, sigma, 1)
list_value.append(value[0])
list_std.append(sigma)
df_measurement['value'] = list_value
df_measurement['std_dev'] = list_std
for index, row in df_measurement.iterrows():
if row['element_type'] == 'bus':
pp.create_measurement(net,
row['meas_type'],
row['element_type'],
value=row['value'],
std_dev=row['std_dev'],
element=row['element'])
elif row['element_type'] == 'line':
pp.create_measurement(net,
row['meas_type'],
row['element_type'],
value=row['value'],
std_dev=row['std_dev'],
element=row['element'],
side=row['side'])
elif row['element_type'] == 'trafo':
if row['meas_type'] in ['p', 'q']:
pp.create_measurement(net,
row['meas_type'],
row['element_type'],
value=row['value'],
std_dev=row['std_dev'],
element=row['element'],
side=row['side'])
return df_measurement, net
def test_3bus_with_bad_data():
# 1. Create 3-bus-network
net = pp.create_empty_network()
pp.create_ext_grid(net, 0)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus1", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus2", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_bus(net, name="bus3", vn_kv=1.)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
1,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.7,
x_ohm_per_km=0.2,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
0,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=0.8,
x_ohm_per_km=0.8,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_line_from_parameters(net,
1,
2,
1,
r_ohm_per_km=1,
x_ohm_per_km=0.6,
c_nf_per_km=0,
max_i_ka=1)
pp.create_measurement(net,
"p",
"line",
-0.0011e3,
0.01e3,
bus=0,
element=0) # Pline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "line", 0.024e3, 0.01e3, bus=0,
element=0) # Qline (bus 1 -> bus 2) at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "p", "bus", 0.018e3, 0.01e3,
bus=2) # P at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "q", "bus", -0.1e3, 0.01e3, bus=2) # Q at bus 3
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.08, 0.05, bus=0) # V at bus 1
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.015, 0.05, bus=2) # V at bus 3
# create false voltage measurement for testing bad data detection (-> should be removed)
pp.create_measurement(net, "v", "bus", 1.3, 0.05, bus=1) # V at bus 2
# 2. Do chi2-test
success_chi2 = chi2_analysis(net, init='flat')
# 3. Perform rn_max_test
success_rn_max = remove_bad_data(net, init='flat')
v_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.vm_pu.values
delta_est_rn_max = net.res_bus_est.va_degree.values
target_v = np.array([1.0627, 1.0589, 1.0317])
diff_v = target_v - v_est_rn_max
target_delta = np.array([0., 0.8677, 3.1381])
diff_delta = target_delta - delta_est_rn_max
assert success_chi2
assert success_rn_max
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_v)) < 1e-4)
assert (np.nanmax(abs(diff_delta)) < 1e-4)
