def refresh_screen(scr, cline, cp, offset, blink=False):
global curcol
curcol = 1 if curcol == 3 else 3
if not scr:
scr = pew.Pix()
if blink:
scr.pixel(0, cp, curcol)
else:
dt = (cline + " ")[offset:offset + 8]
for i in range(8):
scr.pixel(0, i, curcol if cp == i else 1)
try:
b = MORSE.get(dt[i], 0)
except IndexError:
b = MORSE.get(" ")
for j, v in enumerate(to_beep(b)):
if v > 0:
v += 1
scr.pixel(STARTPOS + j, i, v)
if offset > 0:
scr.pixel(7, 0, curcol)
else:
scr.pixel(7, 0, 0)
if len(cline) - 8 > offset:
scr.pixel(7, 7, curcol)
else:
scr.pixel(7, 7, 0)
def main():
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix()
while True:
screen.box(0, 0, 0)
board = Board(screen)
board.draw()
while not pew.keys():
pew.tick(0.25)
while True:
pew.tick(0.25)
keys = pew.keys()
if keys & pew.K_UP:
board.move_paddle(board.left_paddle, Direction.UP)
if keys & pew.K_DOWN:
board.move_paddle(board.left_paddle, Direction.DOWN)
if keys & pew.K_O:
board.move_paddle(board.right_paddle, Direction.UP)
if keys & pew.K_X:
board.move_paddle(board.right_paddle, Direction.DOWN)
try:
board.refresh()
except BallOut:
break
def __init__(self):
pew.init()
self.screen = pew.Pix()
self.cursorx, self.cursory = 4, 4
self.counter = 0
self.pressing = False
self.main_loop()
def run(self):
screen = pew.Pix()
apple = Apple(self._snake)
apple.paint(screen)
while True:
self.paint(screen)
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(1 / self._game_speed)
self._keyboard.update(pew.keys())
x = (self._snake[-1][0] + self._x_delta) % 8
y = (self._snake[-1][1] + self._y_delta) % 8
if (x, y) in self._snake:
return False
if len(self._snake) >= self._win_length:
return True
self._snake.append((x, y))
if x == apple.x_location and y == apple.y_location:
apple.rub_out(screen)
apple = Apple(self._snake)
apple.paint(screen)
self._game_speed += 0.2
else:
self.rub_out(screen, 0)
def board_to_pix(board):
"""
Returns board converted to pew.Pix.
"""
pix = pew.Pix()
for x, y in board:
pix.pixel(x, y, 3)
return pix
def print(string):
_screen = pew.Pix()
_text = pew.Pix.from_text(string, 3, 0)
for dx in range(-8, _text.width):
_screen.blit(_text, -dx, 1)
pew.show(_screen)
pew.tick(1 / 8)
def __init__(self):
self.screen = pew.Pix()
# Game stats
self.player = (__PLAYER_STARTING_X, __PLAYER_STARTING_Y)
self.old_player = (__PLAYER_STARTING_X, __PLAYER_STARTING_Y)
self.reset_game_logic()
self.game_speed = __STARTING_SPEED
self.speed_factor = __DEFAULT_SPEED_FACTOR
# Visuals
self.title = pew.Pix.from_text("AcidRain")
self.game_over = pew.Pix.from_text("Game Over!")
def update(values, previous):
output = pew.Pix()
for (x_off, y_off), (shift, rot) in zip(OFFSETS, values):
for y in range(4):
for x in range(4):
a, b = x, y
for i in range(rot):
a, b = 3 - b, a
b = (b + shift) % 4
output.pixel(a + x_off, b + y_off,
previous.pixel(x + x_off, y + y_off))
return output
def hint(lt):
if lt:
b = MORSE.get(lt, 0)
if b:
scr = pew.Pix()
scr.blit(pew.Pix.from_text(lt, color=3), 2, 0)
for j, v in enumerate(to_beep(b)):
if v > 1:
v = 3
scr.pixel(STARTPOS + j, 7, v)
pew.show(scr)
pew.tick(1)
def make_image(state):
blocks = []
for num in state:
blocks.append(make_block(num))
image = pew.Pix()
for i in range(2):
for j in range(4):
tmp = blocks[2 * i][j] + blocks[2 * i + 1][j]
for x in range(8):
image.pixel(x, 4 * i + j, tmp[x])
return image
def play():
sc = pew.Pix()
keys = pew.keys()
player_x = 1
p = Player(x=player_x)
o = Obstacle()
score = 0
player_collided = False
# Game loop
while not keys & pew.K_X and not player_collided:
# Parse events
p.parse_keys(keys)
if o.get_pos() == player_x:
if p.collides(o.get_collisions()):
player_collided = True
elif o.get_pos() == player_x - 1:
score += 1
p.fall()
score_array = get_score_array(score)[::-1]
for i in range(len(score_array)):
sc.pixel(7 - i, 0, 3 * score_array[i])
p.blit(sc)
o.blit(sc)
pew.show(sc)
pew.tick(1 / 2)
# Clear last player position
p.blit(sc, clear=True)
o.blit(sc, clear=True)
o.move()
p.clear_jump()
keys = pew.keys()
if p.collides(o.get_collisions()):
# Display score
print(f"Game ended with a score of {score}!!")
else:
print("Quit game.")
def show_text(t):
if not t.strip():
return
scr = pew.Pix()
rpt = False
text = pew.Pix.from_text(t, color=3)
while True:
for dx in range(-8, text.width):
scr.blit(text, -dx, 1)
pew.show(scr)
keys = pew.keys()
if keys:
if keys & pew.K_X:
return
if keys & pew.K_O:
pew.tick(1 / 24)
rpt = True
else:
pew.tick(1 / 6)
if not rpt:
return
def loop():
screen = pew.Pix()
# Run until user input
while not pew.keys():
current_time = time.localtime()
h = current_time[3] % 12
m = current_time[4] // 5
s = current_time[5] // 5
# Paint pixels
enable_hand(screen, h, 1)
enable_hand(screen, m, 2)
enable_hand(screen, s, 3)
# Update display
pew.show(screen)
# Wait until next iteration
pew.tick(1 / 2)
# Clear pixels
disable_hand(screen, h)
disable_hand(screen, m)
disable_hand(screen, s)
def main():
screen = pew.Pix()
r1 = -1
r2 = -1
stop = False
stopped = 0
blend = bytearray(16)
t1r = t1g = t2r = t2g = 0
while stopped != 3:
stop = stop or pew.keys()
if r1 < 10:
if stop:
stopped |= 1
cx1 = 500
r1 = 10
dr1 = 20
else:
cx1 = random.getrandbits(7)
cy1 = random.getrandbits(7)
dx1 = random.getrandbits(4) - 8
dy1 = random.getrandbits(4) - 11
r1 = 10
dr1 = random.getrandbits(4) + 5
t1r = random.getrandbits(8) % 23
t1g = 7
if t1r >= 16:
t1g = 22 - t1r
t1r = 15
for a1 in range(4):
for a2 in range(4):
blend[(a1 << 2) | a2] = 0x80 | ((
(3 * a1 * t1r +
(3 - a1) * a2 * t2r + 4) // 9) << 3) | (
(3 * a1 * t1g + (3 - a1) * a2 * t2g + 4) // 9)
if r2 < 10:
if stop:
stopped |= 2
cx2 = 500
r2 = 10
dr2 = 20
else:
cx2 = random.getrandbits(7)
cy2 = random.getrandbits(7)
dx2 = random.getrandbits(4) - 8
dy2 = random.getrandbits(4) - 11
r2 = 10
dr2 = random.getrandbits(4) + 5
t2r = random.getrandbits(8) % 23
t2g = 7
if t2r >= 16:
t2g = 22 - t2r
t2r = 15
for a1 in range(4):
for a2 in range(4):
blend[(a1 << 2) | a2] = 0x80 | ((
(3 * a1 * t1r +
(3 - a1) * a2 * t2r + 4) // 9) << 3) | (
(3 * a1 * t1g + (3 - a1) * a2 * t2g + 4) // 9)
r = r1 >> 1
l1 = r - 5
l1 *= l1
m1 = r * r
u1 = r + 5
u1 *= u1
r = r2 >> 1
l2 = r - 5
l2 *= l2
m2 = r * r
u2 = r + 5
u2 *= u2
for y in range(8):
for x in range(8):
rx = (x << 4) - cx1
ry = (y << 4) - cy1
rr1 = rx * rx + ry * ry
rx = (x << 4) - cx2
ry = (y << 4) - cy2
rr2 = rx * rx + ry * ry
screen.pixel(
x, y,
blend[((3 if rr1 < l1 else
2 if rr1 < m1 else 1 if rr1 < u1 else 0) << 2) |
(3 if rr2 < l2 else
2 if rr2 < m2 else 1 if rr2 < u2 else 0)])
r1 += dr1
dr1 -= 1
cx1 += dx1
cy1 += dy1
r2 += dr2
dr2 -= 1
cx2 += dx2
cy2 += dy2
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(0.05)
# 6 Sided die - graphic display = press X for next number
from random import randint # import random integer function
import pew # Import pewpew library
pew.init() # Initlise library
screen = pew.Pix() # Create blsnk screen
# Define pattern for 1 dot
score1 = pew.Pix.from_iter((
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
))
# Define pattern for 2 dots
score2 = pew.Pix.from_iter((
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0),
(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0),
# Othello, copyright 2019 Christian Walther
import pew
try:
import random
except ImportError:
import urandom as random
import os
if 'PewPew 10.' in os.uname().machine:
screen2 = pew.Pix()
def show(p):
for i in range(len(p.buffer)):
c = p.buffer[i]
screen2.buffer[i] = c ^ (c >> 1)
pew.show(screen2)
else:
show = pew.show
def lookup(board, x, y):
return 0 if x < 0 or y < 0 or x >= 8 or y >= 8 else board[y * 8 + x]
def move(board, x, y, color):
if lookup(board, x, y) != 0:
return None
turned = False
newboard = bytearray(board)
newboard[8 * y + x] = color
#CC written by Joost Markerink (March 2020) http://joostmarkerink.nl
import pew
import time
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix()
drawing = pew.Pix()
cursorx = 3
cursory = 4
prevkeys = pew.keys()
paint = 1
editing = True
willEdit = False
xbuttontime = 0
eventTime = 0
isClear = True
splash = [
0b11111111, 0b10000001, 0b10111101, 0b10100101, 0b10111101, 0b10100001,
0b10000001, 0b11111111
]
for y in range(8):
for x in range(8):
screen.pixel(x, y, (splash[y] >> (7 - x)) & 1)
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(2.4)
def fill(sx, sy, fill_value):
orig_value = drawing.pixel(sx, sy)
stack = set(((sx, sy), ))
if fill_value == orig_value:
def run():
cos = [
4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -3, -4, -4, -4, -3, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1,
2, 3, 3, 4
]
sin = cos[18:] + cos[:18]
with open('m3dlevel.bmp', 'rb') as f:
f.seek(54)
textures = f.read(64)
textures = bytes(textures[4 * i] for i in range(16))
level = f.read()
def bresenham(ax, ay, bx, by):
x = ax
y = ay
dx = bx - ax
if dx < 0:
dx = -dx
ix = -1
else:
ix = 1
dy = by - ay
if dy < 0:
dy = -dy
iy = -1
else:
iy = 1
dx <<= 1
dy <<= 1
sx = dx
sy = dy
if dx >= dy:
sx >>= 1
while x != bx:
if sx < sy:
y += iy
sx += dx
x += ix
sy += dy
yield x, y
else:
sy >>= 1
while y != by:
if sy < sx:
x += ix
sy += dy
y += iy
sx += dx
yield x, y
def lookup(x, y):
b = level[(y << (_LOG_LEVEL_W - 1 - 2)) & (((1 << _LOG_LEVEL_H) - 1) <<
(_LOG_LEVEL_W - 1)) |
((x >> 3) & ((1 << (_LOG_LEVEL_W - 1)) - 1))]
return (b & 0xF) if (x & 4) else (b >> 4)
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix()
x = (1 << (_LOG_LEVEL_W + 1))
y = (1 << (_LOG_LEVEL_H + 1))
nx = None
b = 6
sb = sin[b]
cb = cos[b]
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(0.1)
while True:
keys = pew.keys()
if keys & pew.K_X:
break
if keys & pew.K_RIGHT:
if keys & pew.K_O:
nx = x + sb
ny = y - cb
else:
b = (b + 23) % 24
sb = sin[b]
cb = cos[b]
#print('xy:', x, y, 'b:', b)
if keys & pew.K_LEFT:
if keys & pew.K_O:
nx = x - sb
ny = y + cb
else:
b = (b + 1) % 24
sb = sin[b]
cb = cos[b]
#print('xy:', x, y, 'b:', b)
if keys & pew.K_UP:
nx = x + cb
ny = y + sb
if keys & pew.K_DOWN:
nx = x - cb
ny = y - sb
if nx is not None and lookup(nx, ny) == 0:
x = nx
y = ny
nx = None
#print('xy:', x, y, 'b:', b)
rx = x + 16 * cb - 14 * sb
ry = y + 16 * sb + 14 * cb
for c in range(8):
p = 0
for bx, by in bresenham(x, y, rx, ry):
p = lookup(bx, by)
if p != 0:
bxy = max(abs(bx - x), abs(by - y))
rxy = max(abs(rx - x), abs(ry - y))
for r in range(8):
t = (7 * rxy - 8 * bxy * (5 - 2 * r)) // (4 * rxy) - 1
screen.pixel(
c, r, 0 if t < 0 else 73 - 8 * r if t >= 4 else
((textures[p] >>
(t << 1)) & 3) + 4 * (bxy * 15 // rxy))
#if keys != 0:
# print(rx, ',', ry, ':', bx, ',', by, '=', p, 'z', 64*bxy/rxy)
break
else:
for r in range(8):
screen.pixel(c, r, 0 if r < 3 else 73 - 8 * r)
rx += 4 * sb
ry -= 4 * cb
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(0.06)
# Simple moving dot from random start position
import pew
from random import randint
pew.init() # intialise device
screen = pew.Pix() # create empty screen image
x = randint(0, 7) # random intial x position
y = randint(0, 7) # random intial y position
dx = 1 # initial x step
dy = 1 # initial y step
while True:
screen.pixel(x, y, 0) #make previuos pixel not lit
if x < 0 or x > 7: #if next x position is off screen
dx = -dx #reverse its direction
if y < 0 or y > 7: #if next y position is off screen
dy = -dy #reverse its direction
x += dx #update x position
y += dy #update y position
screen.pixel(x, y, 2) #plot next pixel
pew.show(screen) #update screen
pew.tick(1 / 12) #pause approx 1/2 second
def __init__(self):
self.screens = pew.Pix(), pew.Pix()
self.x = 1
self.y = 1
def new_scene():
return pew.Pix()
def __init__(self):
pew.init()
self.screen = pew.Pix()
self.main_loop()
def print_dot(self):
self.screen = pew.Pix()
self.screen.box(x=0, y=0, color=self.color_animation(), width=self.size, height=self.size)
import struct
import usb_hid
import pew
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix()
for gamepad in usb_hid.devices:
if gamepad.usage_page == 0x01 and gamepad.usage == 0x05:
break
else:
raise RuntimeError("Gamepad HID device not found")
report = bytearray(6)
while True:
buttons = pew.keys()
report_buttons = 0
if buttons & pew.K_O:
screen.pixel(6, 3, 3)
report_buttons |= 0x01
else:
screen.pixel(6, 3, 1)
if buttons & pew.K_X:
screen.pixel(6, 5, 3)
report_buttons |= 0x02
else:
screen.pixel(6, 5, 1)
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
y = -127
for x in range(brick.width):
if (brick.pixel(x, y)
and board.pixel(brick_x + x + 1, brick_y + y + 3)):
return True
return False
def debounce():
for i in range(100):
pew.tick(1 / 100)
if not pew.keys():
return
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix(width=8, height=8)
screen.box(color=2, x=6, y=0, width=2, height=8)
next_brick = BRICKS[qRand(3)]
board = pew.Pix(width=8, height=12)
board.box(color=1)
board.box(color=0, x=1, y=0, width=6, height=11)
while True:
brick = next_brick
next_brick = BRICKS[qRand(3)] # 0-7
screen.box(color=0, x=6, y=0, width=2, height=5)
screen.blit(next_brick, dx=6, dy=0)
brick_x = 2
brick_y = -3
while True:
if is_colliding(board, brick, brick_x, brick_y):
import pew # setting up tools for the pewpew
import random
from microqiskit import QuantumCircuit, simulate # setting up tools for quantum
pew.init() # initialize the game engine...
screen = pew.Pix() # ...and the screen
qc = QuantumCircuit(
2, 2) # create an empty circuit with two qubits and two output bits
qc.h(0)
qc.cx(0, 1)
# create circuits with the required measurements, so we can add them in easily
meas = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
meas.measure(0, 0)
meas.measure(1, 1)
# loop over the squares centered on (1,2), (6,2) (1,4) and (6,4) and make all dim
for (X, Y) in [(1, 4), (6, 4)]:
for dX in [+1, 0, -1]:
for dY in [+1, 0, -1]:
screen.pixel(X + dX, Y + dY, 2)
pew.show(screen)
for (X, Y) in [(1, 4), (6, 4)]:
screen.pixel(X, Y, 0) # turn off the center pixels of the squares
old_keys = 0
while True: # loop which checks for user input and responds
# look for and act upon key presses
def main():
# -- animations ----
def blink(row):
while len(animations) > 1:
yield
while True:
yield
for x, y in row:
screen.pixel(x, y + 2, 0)
yield
def drop(color, x, y):
for i in range(1, y):
screen.pixel(x, y, 0)
screen.pixel(x, i, color)
yield
# -- initialization ----
pew.init()
screen = pew.Pix()
board = pew.Pix(7, 6)
cursor = 3
opcursor = 3
turn = 1
prevk = 0b111111
won = False
animations = []
with open('four-name', 'rb') as f:
myname = f.read()
lobbyprefix = b'fourinarow/lobby/'
lobbytopic = lobbyprefix + myname
joinprefix = b'fourinarow/join/'
jointopic = joinprefix + myname
client = mqtt.MQTTClient('', 'mqtt.kolleegium.ch')
client.set_last_will(lobbytopic, b'', True)
client.connect()
try:
# -- lobby initialization ----
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'1', True)
joined = None
lobby = set()
lobbylist = ['>exit']
menu = menugen(screen, lobbylist)
def onMessageLobby(topic, message):
nonlocal joined, mycolor
if topic.startswith(lobbyprefix):
username = topic[len(lobbyprefix):]
if message:
lobby.add(username)
screen.box(1, 0, 7, 8, 1)
else:
lobby.discard(username)
screen.box(2, 0, 7, 8, 1)
lobbylist[:-1] = [
str(n, 'ascii') for n in lobby if n != myname
]
elif topic == jointopic:
joined = message
mycolor = 2
client.set_callback(onMessageLobby)
client.subscribe(lobbyprefix + b'+')
client.subscribe(jointopic)
# -- lobby loop ----
for selected in menu:
client.check_msg()
if joined:
break
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(1 / 24)
else:
if selected < len(lobbylist) - 1:
joined = bytes(lobbylist[selected], 'ascii')
client.publish(joinprefix + joined, myname)
mycolor = 1
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'', True)
screen.box(0)
pew.show(screen)
if not joined:
return
# -- game initialization ----
mygameprefix = b'fourinarow/game/' + myname + b'/'
mycursortopic = mygameprefix + b'cursor'
mydroptopic = mygameprefix + b'drop'
opgameprefix = b'fourinarow/game/' + joined + b'/'
opcursortopic = opgameprefix + b'cursor'
opdroptopic = opgameprefix + b'drop'
def move(cursor):
nonlocal won, turn
y = 0
while y < 6 and board.pixel(cursor, y) == 0:
y += 1
if y != 0:
board.pixel(cursor, y - 1, turn)
animations.append(drop(turn, cursor, y + 1))
won = check(board)
if won:
animations.append(blink(won))
turn = 3 - turn
def onMessageGame(topic, message):
nonlocal opcursor
if topic == opcursortopic and len(message) == 1:
opcursor = message[0]
elif topic == opdroptopic and len(
message) == 1 and turn == 3 - mycolor:
move(message[0])
client.set_callback(onMessageGame)
client.subscribe(opgameprefix + b'#')
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
# -- game loop ----
while True:
# -- input handling ----
k = pew.keys()
if not won:
if k & pew.K_LEFT:
if cursor > 0:
cursor -= 1
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
if k & pew.K_RIGHT:
if cursor < 6:
cursor += 1
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
if k & ~prevk & (pew.K_DOWN | pew.K_O
| pew.K_X) and turn == mycolor:
move(cursor)
client.publish(mydroptopic, bytes((cursor, )), False)
else:
if prevk == 0 and k != 0 and len(animations) == 1:
return
prevk = k
client.check_msg()
# -- drawing ----
screen.box(0, 0, 0, 8, 2)
if not won:
screen.pixel(cursor, 0, mycolor)
screen.pixel(opcursor, 0,
3 if cursor == opcursor else 3 - mycolor)
if turn == mycolor:
screen.pixel(7, 1, turn)
screen.blit(board, 0, 2)
for i in range(len(animations) - 1, -1, -1):
try:
next(animations[i])
except StopIteration:
del animations[i]
pew.show(screen)
pew.tick(0.15)
finally:
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'', True)
client.disconnect()
def main():
# -- animations ----
# these functions need access to `screen`, which is a local variable of the main() function, so they must be defined locally as well (or, alternatively, they could take it passed as an argument)
# Generator function that takes a winning row in the format returned by
# check() and makes it blink by alternatingly doing nothing (leaving the
# pixels in their original color) and overwriting them with black.
def blink(row):
# as long as a drop animation is still running, do nothing
while len(animations) > 1:
yield
# infinite loop, the blinking does not end by itself
while True:
# odd iterations: do nothing -> colored pixels
yield
# even iterations: black pixels
for x, y in row:
# x, y are in board coordinates, add 2 to convert to screen coordinates
screen.pixel(x, y + 2, 0)
yield
# Generator function that takes the color and final position of a piece and
# animates it dropping from the top down to that position.
# Drawn over a board where the piece is already in the final position, so
# - the final pixel must be erased
# - the animation ends one before the final position
def drop(color, x, y):
# start at 1 (because the cursor was already at 0) and run up to and excluding y
for i in range(1, y):
# erase final position with black
screen.pixel(x, y, 0)
# draw at current position
screen.pixel(x, i, color)
yield
# -- initialization ----
pew.init()
# the framebuffer
screen = pew.Pix()
# the board
board = pew.Pix(7, 6)
# x coordinate of my cursor
cursor = 3
# x coordinate of opponent's cursor
opcursor = 3
# color value of whose turn it is (1=green, 2=red)
turn = 1
# keys pressed in the previous game loop iteration (pew.keys() value),
# initialized to "all keys pressed" in binary so that there cannot be a
# rising edge in the first iteration
prevk = 0b111111
# whether the game has ended, expressed by the return value of check():
# either False or the winning row, which counts as "true" becaues it is a
# non-empty sequence
won = False
# a list of generators that implement any currently running animations
animations = []
# read the player name from the configuration file
# open for reading ('r'), in binary mode ('b') because we want the name as bytes, not as a string
with open('four-name', 'rb') as f:
myname = f.read()
# various common parts of MQTT topics as bytes
lobbyprefix = b'fourinarow/lobby/'
lobbytopic = lobbyprefix + myname
joinprefix = b'fourinarow/join/'
jointopic = joinprefix + myname
# set up the MQTT client object
client = mqtt.MQTTClient('', 'mqtt.kolleegium.ch')
# last will is the "leaving the lobby" message
client.set_last_will(lobbytopic, b'', True)
client.connect()
# Whatever happens from now on, whether we exit by an error or by a
# deliberate return, we want to close the connection in the end. Use a
# try-finally statement for that.
try:
# -- lobby initialization ----
# I am present
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'1', True)
# the name of the player who joined us or whom we joined, currently nobody
joined = None
# all the player names in the lobby, as a set so we can easily add and remove them by value without getting duplicates
lobby = set()
# the lobby as a list for the menu, which can't directly take a set, and with the additional "exit" entry at the end
lobbylist = ['>exit']
# create the menu generator, it keeps a reference to the list and will automatically pick up changes to it
menu = menugen(screen, lobbylist)
# callback for handling incoming MQTT messages while we're in the lobby
def onMessageLobby(topic, message):
# declare variables from the outer context that we want to assign to, otherwise assignment would create them as local variables of this function
# access to other outer variables such as lobby or screen is read-only and needs no declaration
nonlocal joined, mycolor
# messages about players arriving and leaving
if topic.startswith(lobbyprefix):
username = topic[len(lobbyprefix):]
# message is b'', which counts as false, or non-empty (expected b'1'), which counts as true
if message:
lobby.add(username)
# flash a green bar at the bottom to indicate arrival
# this works because onMessageLobby is called from client.check_msg(), which occurs after drawing the menu (in `for selected in menu`) but before `pew.show(screen)`
screen.box(1, 0, 7, 8, 1)
else:
# use discard(), not remove() to avoid an exception if the name is not there
# (it should, but we have no control over what messages others send us)
lobby.discard(username)
# red bar at the bottom to indicate departure
screen.box(2, 0, 7, 8, 1)
# update the list form of the lobby by
# - transforming the elements of the set form using a list comprehension (they are bytes but the menu wants strings)
# - inserting them using a slice index that replaces everything but the ">exit" item at the end
# it's important that we modify this list in place, not create a totally new list, because this list is the one the menu generator has a reference to
lobbylist[:-1] = [
str(n, 'ascii') for n in lobby if n != myname
]
# messages about someone joining us
elif topic == jointopic:
# message content is the name of the other player
joined = message
# the joined player (us) gets red
mycolor = 2
client.set_callback(onMessageLobby)
# subscribe to all topics 1 level deep in the lobby (= user names)
client.subscribe(lobbyprefix + b'+')
client.subscribe(jointopic)
# -- lobby loop ----
# repeatedly poke the menu generator, which draws the menu and handles buttons, until the user selects an entry - conveniently done by a for loop
# assigns the returned index to `selected` every time - we don't need it during the loop, we only need the value from the last iteration afterwards
for selected in menu:
# while in the menu, we also repeatedly need to check for incoming MQTT messages - this calls onMessageLobby if there is any, which may set joined
client.check_msg()
if joined:
# leave the for loop
break
pew.show(screen)
# this is the frame rate expected by the menu for an appropriate animation speed
pew.tick(1 / 24)
# we can leave the loop above in two ways:
# 1. when the menu generator ends, which is when the local user has selected an emtry from the menu
# 2. by the `break` statement when someone else has sent us a join message
# the `else` block of a `for` statement is executed in case 1 but not in case 2
else:
# if selected == len(lobbylist) - 1, the user selected ">exit", otherwise another player
if selected < len(lobbylist) - 1:
# selected someone to join, look up who by their index, convert from string to bytes, and send them a join message
joined = bytes(lobbylist[selected], 'ascii')
client.publish(joinprefix + joined, myname)
# the joining player gets green
mycolor = 1
# in any case (whether we joined someone, were joined, or are exiting), we now leave the lobby
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'', True)
# clear the menu from the screen
screen.box(0)
pew.show(screen)
# if the user chose ">exit", we're done, return from the main() function
if not joined:
# (the `finally` block at the end will still be executed because we're jumping out from inside the `try` block)
return
# -- game initialization ----
# more MQTT topics
mygameprefix = b'fourinarow/game/' + myname + b'/'
mycursortopic = mygameprefix + b'cursor'
mydroptopic = mygameprefix + b'drop'
opgameprefix = b'fourinarow/game/' + joined + b'/'
opcursortopic = opgameprefix + b'cursor'
opdroptopic = opgameprefix + b'drop'
# Execute a move by dropping a piece of whose turn it is at the given column.
def move(cursor):
nonlocal won, turn
# determine the topmost occupied (or beyond-the-bottom) place in the column by iterating from the top
y = 0
while y < 6 and board.pixel(cursor, y) == 0:
y += 1
# now either y == 6 (all were free) or place y was occupied, in both cases y-1 is the desired free place
# unless the whole column was full (y == 0)
if y != 0:
# place the piece in the final position
board.pixel(cursor, y - 1, turn)
# start the drop animation - doesn't draw anything yet, just sets up the generator that will draw when poked
animations.append(drop(turn, cursor, y + 1))
# check for winning rows
won = check(board)
# won is either False or a non-empty sequence that counts as true
if won:
# start the blink animation
animations.append(blink(won))
# reverse the turn: 1 -> 2, 2 -> 1
turn = 3 - turn
# callback for handling incoming MQTT messages while we're in the game
def onMessageGame(topic, message):
nonlocal opcursor
# input validation: check length, otherwise if someone sends us an empty message we crash with an IndexError on the following line
if topic == opcursortopic and len(message) == 1:
opcursor = message[0]
# input validation: the opponent is only allowed to make a move when it is their turn
elif topic == opdroptopic and len(
message) == 1 and turn == 3 - mycolor:
# opponent's move
move(message[0])
client.set_callback(onMessageGame)
# subscribe to all of the opponent's game topics (cursor and drop)
client.subscribe(opgameprefix + b'#')
# initial update so the opponent knows where my cursor is from the start
# convert number to one-element bytes by packing it into an intermediate tuple (needs trailing comma to distinguish from grouping parentheses)
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
# -- game loop ----
while True:
# -- input handling ----
k = pew.keys()
# key handling is different depending on whether the game is running or over
if not won:
# check for bits in k using the bitwise AND operator - the result is zero or nonzero, which count as false or true
if k & pew.K_LEFT:
# move cursor left if possible and publish the new position
if cursor > 0:
cursor -= 1
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
if k & pew.K_RIGHT:
# move cursor right if possible and publish the new position
if cursor < 6:
cursor += 1
client.publish(mycursortopic, bytes((cursor, )), True)
# drop only if the respective key was not pressed in the last iteration, otherwise we would repeatedly drop while the key is held down (edge detection)
if k & ~prevk & (pew.K_DOWN | pew.K_O
| pew.K_X) and turn == mycolor:
# my move
move(cursor)
client.publish(mydroptopic, bytes((cursor, )), False)
else:
# when the game is over, exit on a key press - several conditions to check:
# - the first time we're getting here, the key that dropped the final piece may still be pressed - do nothing until all keys have been up in the previous iteration
# - do nothing until the drop animation has completed and only the blink animation (which is endless) remains
if prevk == 0 and k != 0 and len(animations) == 1:
return
# save the pressed keys for the next iteration to detect edges
prevk = k
# check for incoming messages, which may execute an opponent's move via onMessageGame
client.check_msg()
# -- drawing ----
# clear previous cursor, dropping piece, and turn indicator
screen.box(0, 0, 0, 8, 2)
if not won:
# draw two cursors - if they overlap, in orange, otherwise in their respective color
screen.pixel(cursor, 0, mycolor)
screen.pixel(opcursor, 0,
3 if cursor == opcursor else 3 - mycolor)
# turn indicator
if turn == mycolor:
screen.pixel(7, 1, turn)
# draw the board (in unanimated state)
screen.blit(board, 0, 2)
# poke all active animations to draw one iteration each
# we'll be removing items from the list while iterating over it, so we need to do it backwards to avoid skipping items
# start at the last position (len-1), continue to 0 inclusively which is -1 exclusively, in steps of -1
for i in range(len(animations) - 1, -1, -1):
try:
# next() pokes, it raises StopIteration when the generator is exhausted (animation is over)
next(animations[i])
except StopIteration:
# remove completed animations
del animations[i]
# done drawing into the framebuffer, send it to the display
pew.show(screen)
# wait until it's time for the next frame
# 0.15 seconds is an appropriate frame time for our animations and key repeating - increase it if you still find it hard to move the cursor by exactly one pixel
# drawing at a faster rate would require more complex key repeat handling
pew.tick(0.15)
# end of game loop
finally:
# however we exited from the try block, by an error or by a deliberate return, leave the lobby and close the connection
client.publish(lobbytopic, b'', True)
client.disconnect()