def evolve_cluster_in_galaxy(N, W0, Rinit, tend, timestep, M, R):
Rgal=1. | units.kpc
Mgal=1.6e10 | units.MSun
alpha=1.2
galaxy_code=GalacticCenterGravityCode(Rgal, Mgal, alpha)
cluster_code=make_king_model_cluster(BHTree,N,W0, M,R,
parameters=[("epsilon_squared", (0.01 | units.parsec)**2)])
stars=cluster_code.particles.copy()
stars.x += Rinit
stars.vy = 0.8*galaxy_code.circular_velocity(Rinit)
channel=stars.new_channel_to(cluster_code.particles)
channel.copy_attributes(["x","y","z","vx","vy","vz"])
system=bridge(verbose=False)
system.add_system(cluster_code, (galaxy_code,))
times=numpy.arange(0|units.Myr, tend, timestep)
for i,t in enumerate(times):
system.evolve_model(t,timestep=timestep)
x=system.particles.x.value_in(units.parsec)
y=system.particles.y.value_in(units.parsec)
cluster_code.stop()
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [pc]', 'Y [pc]')
pyplot.xlim(-60, 60)
pyplot.ylim(-60, 60)
pyplot.scatter(x,y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
pyplot.savefig("Arches")
def plot(stars, GMCs):
figure = figure_frame("X [kpc]", "Y [kpc]", xsize=8, ysize=8)
colors = get_distinct(2)
print(numpy.mean(stars.mass.value_in(units.MSun)))
print(numpy.mean(GMCs.mass.value_in(units.MSun)))
size = stars.mass / (0.1 | units.MSun)
pyplot.scatter(stars.x.value_in(units.kpc),
stars.y.value_in(units.kpc),
s=size,
c=colors[0])
size = numpy.sqrt(GMCs.mass / (100 | units.MSun))
pyplot.scatter(GMCs.x.value_in(units.kpc),
GMCs.y.value_in(units.kpc),
s=size,
alpha=0.5,
lw=0,
c=colors[1])
pyplot.scatter([0], [0], marker="+", s=300, c='r')
pyplot.scatter([-8.4], [0], marker="o", s=100, c='g')
pyplot.axis("equal")
pyplot.xlim(-10, 10)
pyplot.ylim(-10, 10)
pyplot.show()
def plot_mass_function(masses, ximf):
Mmin = masses.min()
Mmax = masses.max()
lm = math.log10(0.5 * Mmin.value_in(units.MSun))
lM = math.log10(1.5 * Mmax.value_in(units.MSun))
bins = 10**numpy.linspace(lm, lM, 51)
Nbin, bin_edges = numpy.histogram(masses.value_in(units.MSun), bins=bins)
y = Nbin / (bin_edges[1:] - bin_edges[:-1])
x = (bin_edges[1:] + bin_edges[:-1]) / 2.0
for i in range(len(y)):
y[i] = max(y[i], 1.e-10)
fig, ax = figure_frame("M$_\odot$", "N", xsize=12, ysize=8)
colors = get_distinct(2)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=100, c=colors[0], lw=0)
c = ((Mmax.value_in(units.MSun)**(ximf+1)) \
- (Mmin.value_in(units.MSun)**(ximf+1))) / (ximf+1)
pyplot.plot(x, len(masses) / c * (x**ximf), c=colors[1])
pyplot.loglog()
save_file = "salpeter.png"
pyplot.savefig(save_file)
print('\nSaved figure in file', save_file, '\n')
pyplot.show()
def plot_mass_function(masses, ximf):
Mmin = masses.min()
Mmax = masses.max()
lm = math.log10(0.5*Mmin.value_in(units.MSun))
lM = math.log10(1.5*Mmax.value_in(units.MSun))
bins = 10**numpy.linspace(lm, lM, 51)
Nbin, bin_edges= numpy.histogram(masses.value_in(units.MSun), bins=bins)
y = Nbin / (bin_edges[1:] - bin_edges[:-1])
x = (bin_edges[1:] + bin_edges[:-1]) / 2.0
for i in range(len(y)):
y[i] = max(y[i], 1.e-10)
fig, ax = figure_frame("M$_\odot$", "N", xsize=12, ysize=8)
colors = get_distinct(2)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=100, c=colors[0], lw=0)
c = ((Mmax.value_in(units.MSun)**(ximf+1)) \
- (Mmin.value_in(units.MSun)**(ximf+1))) / (ximf+1)
pyplot.plot(x, len(masses)/c * (x**ximf), c=colors[1])
pyplot.loglog()
save_file = "salpeter.png"
pyplot.savefig(save_file)
print '\nSaved figure in file', save_file,'\n'
pyplot.show()
def plot_cluster(x, y):
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [kpc]', 'Y [kpc]')
pyplot.xlim(-10, 10)
pyplot.ylim(-10, 10)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
pyplot.show()
def plot_cluster(x, y):
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [kpc]', 'Y [kpc]')
pyplot.xlim(-10, 10)
pyplot.ylim(-10, 10)
pyplot.scatter(x,y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
pyplot.show()
def plot_cluster(x, y):
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [pc]', 'Y [pc]')
pyplot.xlim(-60, 60)
pyplot.ylim(-60, 60)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
save_file = 'Arches Fig. 7.1.png'
pyplot.savefig(save_file)
print('\nSaved figure in file', save_file, '\n')
pyplot.show()
def plot_cluster(x, y):
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [pc]', 'Y [pc]')
pyplot.xlim(-60, 60)
pyplot.ylim(-60, 60)
pyplot.scatter(x,y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
save_file = 'Arches Fig. 7.1.png'
pyplot.savefig(save_file)
print '\nSaved figure in file', save_file, '\n'
pyplot.show()
def plot_cloud(x, y):
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
frame = single_frame('X [pc]', 'Y [pc]')
pyplot.title('Cloud particle positions')
pyplot.xlim(-200, 200)
pyplot.ylim(-200, 200)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
save_file = 'positions_M1e5.png'
pyplot.savefig(save_file)
print '\nSaved figure in file', save_file, '\n'
pyplot.show()
def plot(stars, GMCs):
figure = figure_frame("X [kpc]", "Y [kpc]", xsize=8, ysize=8)
colors = get_distinct(2)
print numpy.mean(stars.mass.value_in(units.MSun))
print numpy.mean(GMCs.mass.value_in(units.MSun))
size = stars.mass/(0.1 |units.MSun)
pyplot.scatter(stars.x.value_in(units.kpc), stars.y.value_in(units.kpc),
s=size, c=colors[0])
size = numpy.sqrt(GMCs.mass/(100 |units.MSun))
pyplot.scatter(GMCs.x.value_in(units.kpc), GMCs.y.value_in(units.kpc),
s=size, alpha = 0.5, lw=0, c=colors[1])
pyplot.scatter([0], [0], marker="+", s=300, c='r')
pyplot.scatter([-8.4], [0], marker="o", s=100, c='g')
pyplot.axis("equal")
pyplot.xlim(-10, 10)
pyplot.ylim(-10, 10)
pyplot.show()
def evolve_cluster_in_galaxy(N, W0, Rinit, tend, timestep, M, R):
Rgal = 1. | units.kpc
Mgal = 1.6e10 | units.MSun
alpha = 1.2
galaxy_code = GalacticCenterGravityCode(Rgal, Mgal, alpha)
cluster_code = make_king_model_cluster(BHTree,
N,
W0,
M,
R,
parameters=[
("epsilon_squared",
(0.01 | units.parsec)**2)
])
stars = cluster_code.particles.copy()
stars.x += Rinit
stars.vy = 0.8 * galaxy_code.circular_velocity(Rinit)
channel = stars.new_channel_to(cluster_code.particles)
channel.copy_attributes(["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz"])
system = bridge(verbose=False)
system.add_system(cluster_code, (galaxy_code, ))
times = numpy.arange(0 | units.Myr, tend, timestep)
for i, t in enumerate(times):
system.evolve_model(t, timestep=timestep)
x = system.particles.x.value_in(units.parsec)
y = system.particles.y.value_in(units.parsec)
cluster_code.stop()
from prepare_figure import single_frame, get_distinct
colors = get_distinct(1)
f = single_frame('X [pc]', 'Y [pc]')
pyplot.xlim(-60, 60)
pyplot.ylim(-60, 60)
pyplot.scatter(x, y, c=colors[0], s=50, lw=0)
pyplot.savefig("Arches")
def integrate_solar_system(particles, end_time):
convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(particles.mass.sum(), particles[1].position.length())
gravity = Huayno(convert_nbody)
gravity.particles.add_particles(particles)
SunEarth = Particles()
SunEarth.add_particle(particles[0])
SunEarth.add_particle(particles[3])
channel_from_to_SunEarth = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(SunEarth)
from matplotlib import pyplot, rc
x_label = "$a-a_0$ [AU]"
y_label = "eccentricty"
figure = single_frame(x_label, y_label, xsize=14, ysize=10)
from amuse.plot import scatter
from matplotlib import pyplot, rc
kep = Kepler(convert_nbody)
kep.initialize_from_particles(SunEarth)
a, e = kep.get_elements()
a0 = a
color = get_distinct(1)
scatter((a-a0).in_(units.AU), e, c=color[0], lw=0)
pyplot.text((a-a0).value_in(units.AU)-0.0003, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
dt = 100 | units.yr
dt_dia = 10000 |units.yr
while gravity.model_time < end_time:
kep.initialize_from_particles(SunEarth)
a, e = kep.get_elements()
scatter((a-a0).in_(units.AU), e, c=color[0], lw=0)
if gravity.model_time> dt_dia:
dt_dia += 10000 |units.yr
if gravity.model_time<=(100|units.yr):
pyplot.text(-0.0006, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(15000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0003, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(25000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0017, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(35000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0031, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(45000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0028, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(55000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0021, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(65000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0017, e+0.002, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(75000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0014, e-0.002, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(85000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0014, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
else:
pyplot.text((a-a0).value_in(units.AU), e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
gravity.evolve_model(gravity.model_time + dt)
channel_from_to_SunEarth.copy()
gravity.stop()
pyplot.xlabel(x_label)
pyplot.ylabel(y_label)
# pyplot.show()
pyplot.savefig("EarthOrbitVariation")
return
def integrate_solar_system(particles, end_time):
convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(particles.mass.sum(), particles[1].position.length())
gravity = Huayno(convert_nbody)
gravity.particles.add_particles(particles)
SunEarth = Particles()
SunEarth.add_particle(particles[0])
SunEarth.add_particle(particles[3])
channel_from_to_SunEarth = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(SunEarth)
from matplotlib import pyplot, rc
x_label = "$a-a_0$ [AU]"
y_label = "eccentricty"
figure = single_frame(x_label, y_label, xsize=14, ysize=10)
from amuse.plot import scatter
from matplotlib import pyplot, rc
kep = Kepler(convert_nbody)
kep.initialize_from_particles(SunEarth)
a, e = kep.get_elements()
a0 = a
color = get_distinct(1)
scatter((a-a0).in_(units.AU), e, c=color[0], lw=0)
pyplot.text((a-a0).value_in(units.AU)-0.0003, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
dt = 100 | units.yr
dt_dia = 10000 |units.yr
while gravity.model_time < end_time:
kep.initialize_from_particles(SunEarth)
a, e = kep.get_elements()
scatter((a-a0).in_(units.AU), e, c=color[0], lw=0, s=80)
if gravity.model_time> dt_dia:
dt_dia += 10000 |units.yr
if gravity.model_time<=(100|units.yr):
pyplot.text(-0.0006, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(15000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0003, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(25000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0017, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(35000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0031, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(45000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0028, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(55000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0021, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(65000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0017, e+0.002, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
elif gravity.model_time<=(75000|units.yr):
pyplot.text(0.0014, e-0.002, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
#elif gravity.model_time<=(85000|units.yr):
# pyplot.text(0.0014, e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
else:
pass
# pyplot.text((a-a0).value_in(units.AU), e, "{0:.0f}".format(0.001*gravity.model_time.value_in(units.yr))+"kyr")
gravity.evolve_model(gravity.model_time + dt)
channel_from_to_SunEarth.copy()
gravity.stop()
pyplot.xlabel(x_label)
pyplot.ylabel(y_label)
pyplot.xlim(-0.001, 0.004)
# pyplot.show()
pyplot.savefig("EarthOrbitVariation")
return
