def run_demo(with_plots=True):
curr_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__));
jmu_name = compile_jmu("Orbital", curr_dir+"/files/Hohmann.mop")
comp_opts = {"normalize_minimum_time_problems": False} # Disable minimum time normalization
fmux_name = compile_fmux("HohmannTransfer", curr_dir+"/files/Hohmann.mop",
compiler_options=comp_opts)
# Optimization
model = CasadiModel(fmux_name)
opts = model.optimize_options(algorithm="CasadiPseudoSpectralAlg")
opts["n_cp"] = 40 # Number of collocation points
opts["n_e"] = 2 # Number of phases
opts["free_phases"] = True # The phase boundary is allowed to be changed in time
opts["phase_options"] = ["t1"] # The phase boundary is connected to variable t1
opts["link_options"] = [(1,"vy","dy1"),(1,"vx","dx1")] # Allow for discontinuities between phase 1 and 2 for vy and vx.
# The discontinuities are connected by dy1 and dx1
# Optimize
res_opt = model.optimize(algorithm="CasadiPseudoSpectralAlg", options=opts)
# Get results
dx1,dy1,dx2,dy2 = res_opt.final("dx1"), res_opt.final("dy1"), res_opt.final("dx2"), res_opt.final("dy2")
r1,r2,my = res_opt.final("rStart"), res_opt.final("rFinal"), res_opt.final("my")
tf,t1 = res_opt.final("time"), res_opt.final("t1")
# Verify solution using theoretical results
# Assert dv1
assert N.abs( N.sqrt(dx1**2+dy1**2) - N.sqrt(my/r1)*(N.sqrt(2*r2/(r1+r2))-1) ) < 1e-1
#Assert dv2
assert N.abs( N.sqrt(dx2**2+dy2**2) - N.sqrt(my/r2)*(1-N.sqrt(2*r1/(r1+r2))) ) < 1e-1
#Assert transfer time
assert N.abs( tf-t1 - N.pi*((r1+r2)**3/(8*my))**0.5 ) < 1e-1
# Verify solution by simulation
model = JMUModel(jmu_name)
# Retrieve the options
opts = model.simulate_options()
opts["ncp"] = 100
opts["solver"] = "IDA"
opts["initialize"] = False
# Simulation of Phase 1
res = model.simulate(final_time=t1,options=opts)
x_phase_1,y_phase_1 = res["x"], res["y"]
# Simulation of Phase 2
model.set("vx", dx1 + res.final("vx"))
model.set("vy", dy1 + res.final("vy"))
res = model.simulate(start_time=t1,final_time=tf,options=opts)
x_phase_2,y_phase_2 = res["x"], res["y"]
# Simulation of Phase 3 (verify that we are still in orbit)
model.set("vx", dx2 + res.final("vx"))
model.set("vy", dy2 + res.final("vy"))
res = model.simulate(start_time=tf, final_time=tf*2, options=opts)
x_phase_3,y_phase_3 = res["x"], res["y"]
if with_plots:
# Plot Earth
r = 1.0
xE = r*N.cos(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
yE = r*N.sin(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
plt.plot(xE,yE,label="Earth")
# Plot Orbits
r = res.final("rStart")
xS = r*N.cos(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
yS = r*N.sin(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
plt.plot(xS,yS,label="Low Orbit")
r = res.final("rFinal")
xSE = r*N.cos(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
ySE = r*N.sin(N.linspace(0,2*N.pi,200))
plt.plot(xSE,ySE,label="High Orbit")
# Plot Satellite trajectory
x_sim=N.hstack((N.hstack((x_phase_1,x_phase_2)),x_phase_3))
y_sim=N.hstack((N.hstack((y_phase_1,y_phase_2)),y_phase_3))
plt.plot(x_sim,y_sim,"-",label="Satellite")
# Plot Rocket Burns
plt.arrow(x_phase_1[-1],y_phase_1[-1],0.5*dx1,0.5*dy1, width=0.01,label="dv1")
plt.arrow(x_phase_2[-1],y_phase_2[-1],0.5*dx2,0.5*dy2, width=0.01,label="dv2")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
def run_demo(with_plots=True):
curr_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
jmu_name = compile_jmu("Orbital", curr_dir + "/files/Hohmann.mop")
comp_opts = {
"normalize_minimum_time_problems": False
} # Disable minimum time normalization
fmux_name = compile_fmux("HohmannTransfer",
curr_dir + "/files/Hohmann.mop",
compiler_options=comp_opts)
# Optimization
model = CasadiModel(fmux_name)
opts = model.optimize_options(algorithm="CasadiPseudoSpectralAlg")
opts["n_cp"] = 40 # Number of collocation points
opts["n_e"] = 2 # Number of phases
opts[
"free_phases"] = True # The phase boundary is allowed to be changed in time
opts["phase_options"] = [
"t1"
] # The phase boundary is connected to variable t1
opts["link_options"] = [
(1, "vy", "dy1"), (1, "vx", "dx1")
] # Allow for discontinuities between phase 1 and 2 for vy and vx.
# The discontinuities are connected by dy1 and dx1
# Optimize
res_opt = model.optimize(algorithm="CasadiPseudoSpectralAlg", options=opts)
# Get results
dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2 = res_opt.final("dx1"), res_opt.final(
"dy1"), res_opt.final("dx2"), res_opt.final("dy2")
r1, r2, my = res_opt.final("rStart"), res_opt.final(
"rFinal"), res_opt.final("my")
tf, t1 = res_opt.final("time"), res_opt.final("t1")
# Verify solution using theoretical results
# Assert dv1
assert N.abs(
N.sqrt(dx1**2 + dy1**2) - N.sqrt(my / r1) *
(N.sqrt(2 * r2 / (r1 + r2)) - 1)) < 1e-1
#Assert dv2
assert N.abs(
N.sqrt(dx2**2 + dy2**2) - N.sqrt(my / r2) *
(1 - N.sqrt(2 * r1 / (r1 + r2)))) < 1e-1
#Assert transfer time
assert N.abs(tf - t1 - N.pi * ((r1 + r2)**3 / (8 * my))**0.5) < 1e-1
# Verify solution by simulation
model = JMUModel(jmu_name)
# Retrieve the options
opts = model.simulate_options()
opts["ncp"] = 100
opts["solver"] = "IDA"
opts["initialize"] = False
# Simulation of Phase 1
res = model.simulate(final_time=t1, options=opts)
x_phase_1, y_phase_1 = res["x"], res["y"]
# Simulation of Phase 2
model.set("vx", dx1 + res.final("vx"))
model.set("vy", dy1 + res.final("vy"))
res = model.simulate(start_time=t1, final_time=tf, options=opts)
x_phase_2, y_phase_2 = res["x"], res["y"]
# Simulation of Phase 3 (verify that we are still in orbit)
model.set("vx", dx2 + res.final("vx"))
model.set("vy", dy2 + res.final("vy"))
res = model.simulate(start_time=tf, final_time=tf * 2, options=opts)
x_phase_3, y_phase_3 = res["x"], res["y"]
if with_plots:
# Plot Earth
r = 1.0
xE = r * N.cos(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
yE = r * N.sin(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
plt.plot(xE, yE, label="Earth")
# Plot Orbits
r = res.final("rStart")
xS = r * N.cos(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
yS = r * N.sin(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
plt.plot(xS, yS, label="Low Orbit")
r = res.final("rFinal")
xSE = r * N.cos(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
ySE = r * N.sin(N.linspace(0, 2 * N.pi, 200))
plt.plot(xSE, ySE, label="High Orbit")
# Plot Satellite trajectory
x_sim = N.hstack((N.hstack((x_phase_1, x_phase_2)), x_phase_3))
y_sim = N.hstack((N.hstack((y_phase_1, y_phase_2)), y_phase_3))
plt.plot(x_sim, y_sim, "-", label="Satellite")
# Plot Rocket Burns
plt.arrow(x_phase_1[-1],
y_phase_1[-1],
0.5 * dx1,
0.5 * dy1,
width=0.01,
label="dv1")
plt.arrow(x_phase_2[-1],
y_phase_2[-1],
0.5 * dx2,
0.5 * dy2,
width=0.01,
label="dv2")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
def run_demo(with_plots=True):
"""
This example is based on the Hicks-Ray Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors
(CSTR) system. The system has two states, the concentration and the
temperature. The control input to the system is the temperature of the
cooling flow in the reactor jacket. The chemical reaction in the reactor is
exothermic, and also temperature dependent; high temperature results in high
reaction rate.
The problem is solved using the CasADi-based collocation algorithm. The
steps performed correspond to those demonstrated in
example pyjmi.examples.cstr, where the same problem is solved using the
default JMI algorithm. FMI is used for initialization and simulation
purposes.
The following steps are demonstrated in this example:
1. How to solve the initialization problem. The initialization model has
equations specifying that all derivatives should be identically zero,
which implies that a stationary solution is obtained. Two stationary
points, corresponding to different inputs, are computed. We call the
stationary points A and B respectively. Point A corresponds to
operating conditions where the reactor is cold and the reaction rate is
low, whereas point B corresponds to a higher temperature where the
reaction rate is high.
2. How to generate an initial guess for a direct collocation method by
means of simulation with a constant input. The trajectories resulting
from the simulation are used to initialize the variables in the
transcribed NLP.
3. An optimal control problem is solved where the objective is to transfer
the state of the system from stationary point A to point B. The
challenge is to ignite the reactor while avoiding uncontrolled
temperature increase.
4. Finally the system is simulated using the optimal control profile. This
step is important in order to verify that the approximation in the
transcription step is sufficiently accurate.
"""
### 1. Solve the initialization problem
# Locate the Modelica and Optimica code
file_path = os.path.join(get_files_path(), "CSTR.mop")
# Compile the stationary initialization model into a FMU
init_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR_Init", file_path)
# Load the FMU
init_model = load_fmu(init_fmu)
# Set input for Stationary point A
Tc_0_A = 250
init_model.set('Tc', Tc_0_A)
# Solve the initialization problem using FMI
init_model.initialize()
# Store stationary point A
[c_0_A, T_0_A] = init_model.get(['c', 'T'])
# Print some data for stationary point A
print(' *** Stationary point A ***')
print('Tc = %f' % Tc_0_A)
print('c = %f' % c_0_A)
print('T = %f' % T_0_A)
# Set inputs for Stationary point B
init_model = load_fmu(init_fmu)
Tc_0_B = 280
init_model.set('Tc', Tc_0_B)
# Solve the initialization problem using FMI
init_model.initialize()
# Store stationary point B
[c_0_B, T_0_B] = init_model.get(['c', 'T'])
# Print some data for stationary point B
print(' *** Stationary point B ***')
print('Tc = %f' % Tc_0_B)
print('c = %f' % c_0_B)
print('T = %f' % T_0_B)
### 2. Compute initial guess trajectories by means of simulation
# Compile the optimization initialization model
init_sim_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR_Init_Optimization", file_path)
# Load the model
init_sim_model = load_fmu(init_sim_fmu)
# Set initial and reference values
init_sim_model.set('cstr.c_init', c_0_A)
init_sim_model.set('cstr.T_init', T_0_A)
init_sim_model.set('c_ref', c_0_B)
init_sim_model.set('T_ref', T_0_B)
init_sim_model.set('Tc_ref', Tc_0_B)
# Simulate with constant input Tc
init_res = init_sim_model.simulate(start_time=0., final_time=150.)
# Extract variable profiles
c_init_sim = init_res['cstr.c']
T_init_sim = init_res['cstr.T']
Tc_init_sim = init_res['cstr.Tc']
t_init_sim = init_res['time']
# Plot the initial guess trajectories
if with_plots:
plt.close(1)
plt.figure(1)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, c_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Initial guess obtained by simulation')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, T_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, Tc_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()
### 3. Solve the optimal control problem
# Compile model
fmux = compile_fmux("CSTR.CSTR_Opt2", file_path)
# Load model
cstr = CasadiModel(fmux)
# Set reference values
cstr.set('Tc_ref', Tc_0_B)
cstr.set('c_ref', c_0_B)
cstr.set('T_ref', T_0_B)
# Set initial values
cstr.set('cstr.c_init', c_0_A)
cstr.set('cstr.T_init', T_0_A)
# Set options
opt_opts = cstr.optimize_options()
opt_opts['n_e'] = 100 # Number of elements
opt_opts['init_traj'] = init_res.result_data
# Solve the optimal control problem
res = cstr.optimize(options=opt_opts)
# Extract variable profiles
c_res = res['cstr.c']
T_res = res['cstr.T']
Tc_res = res['cstr.Tc']
time_res = res['time']
c_ref = res['c_ref']
T_ref = res['T_ref']
Tc_ref = res['Tc_ref']
# Verify solution for testing purposes
try:
import casadi
except:
pass
else:
cost = float(res.solver.solver.output(casadi.NLP_SOLVER_F))
assert (N.abs(cost / 1.e3 - 1.8585429) < 1e-3)
# Plot the results
if with_plots:
plt.close(2)
plt.figure(2)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(time_res, c_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0], time_res[-1]], [c_ref, c_ref], '--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Optimized trajectories')
plt.subplot(312)
plt.plot(time_res, T_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0], time_res[-1]], [T_ref, T_ref], '--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(313)
plt.plot(time_res, Tc_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0], time_res[-1]], [Tc_ref, Tc_ref], '--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()
### 4. Simulate to verify the optimal solution
# Compile model
sim_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR", file_path)
# Load model
sim_model = load_fmu(sim_fmu)
# Get optimized input
(_, opt_input) = res.solver.get_opt_input()
# Set initial values
sim_model.set('c_init', c_0_A)
sim_model.set('T_init', T_0_A)
# Simulate using optimized input
res = sim_model.simulate(start_time=0.,
final_time=150.,
input=('Tc', opt_input))
# Extract variable profiles
c_sim = res['c']
T_sim = res['T']
Tc_sim = res['Tc']
time_sim = res['time']
# Plot the results
if with_plots:
plt.close(3)
plt.figure(3)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(time_res, c_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, c_sim, lw=2)
plt.legend(('optimized', 'simulated'))
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Verification')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(time_res, T_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, T_sim, lw=2)
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot(time_res, Tc_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, Tc_sim, lw=2)
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()
def run_demo(with_plots=True):
"""
This example is based on the Hicks-Ray Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors
(CSTR) system. The system has two states, the concentration and the
temperature. The control input to the system is the temperature of the
cooling flow in the reactor jacket. The chemical reaction in the reactor is
exothermic, and also temperature dependent; high temperature results in high
reaction rate.
The problem is solved using the CasADi-based collocation algorithm. The
steps performed correspond to those demonstrated in
example pyjmi.examples.cstr, where the same problem is solved using the
default JMI algorithm. FMI is used for initialization and simulation
purposes.
The following steps are demonstrated in this example:
1. How to solve the initialization problem. The initialization model has
equations specifying that all derivatives should be identically zero,
which implies that a stationary solution is obtained. Two stationary
points, corresponding to different inputs, are computed. We call the
stationary points A and B respectively. Point A corresponds to
operating conditions where the reactor is cold and the reaction rate is
low, whereas point B corresponds to a higher temperature where the
reaction rate is high.
2. How to generate an initial guess for a direct collocation method by
means of simulation with a constant input. The trajectories resulting
from the simulation are used to initialize the variables in the
transcribed NLP.
3. An optimal control problem is solved where the objective is to transfer
the state of the system from stationary point A to point B. The
challenge is to ignite the reactor while avoiding uncontrolled
temperature increase.
4. Finally the system is simulated using the optimal control profile. This
step is important in order to verify that the approximation in the
transcription step is sufficiently accurate.
"""
### 1. Solve the initialization problem
# Locate the Modelica and Optimica code
file_path = os.path.join(get_files_path(), "CSTR.mop")
# Compile the stationary initialization model into a FMU
init_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR_Init", file_path)
# Load the FMU
init_model = load_fmu(init_fmu)
# Set input for Stationary point A
Tc_0_A = 250
init_model.set('Tc', Tc_0_A)
# Solve the initialization problem using FMI
init_model.initialize()
# Store stationary point A
[c_0_A, T_0_A] = init_model.get(['c', 'T'])
# Print some data for stationary point A
print(' *** Stationary point A ***')
print('Tc = %f' % Tc_0_A)
print('c = %f' % c_0_A)
print('T = %f' % T_0_A)
# Set inputs for Stationary point B
init_model = load_fmu(init_fmu)
Tc_0_B = 280
init_model.set('Tc', Tc_0_B)
# Solve the initialization problem using FMI
init_model.initialize()
# Store stationary point B
[c_0_B, T_0_B] = init_model.get(['c', 'T'])
# Print some data for stationary point B
print(' *** Stationary point B ***')
print('Tc = %f' % Tc_0_B)
print('c = %f' % c_0_B)
print('T = %f' % T_0_B)
### 2. Compute initial guess trajectories by means of simulation
# Compile the optimization initialization model
init_sim_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR_Init_Optimization", file_path)
# Load the model
init_sim_model = load_fmu(init_sim_fmu)
# Set initial and reference values
init_sim_model.set('cstr.c_init', c_0_A)
init_sim_model.set('cstr.T_init', T_0_A)
init_sim_model.set('c_ref', c_0_B)
init_sim_model.set('T_ref', T_0_B)
init_sim_model.set('Tc_ref', Tc_0_B)
# Simulate with constant input Tc
init_res = init_sim_model.simulate(start_time=0., final_time=150.)
# Extract variable profiles
c_init_sim = init_res['cstr.c']
T_init_sim = init_res['cstr.T']
Tc_init_sim = init_res['cstr.Tc']
t_init_sim = init_res['time']
# Plot the initial guess trajectories
if with_plots:
plt.close(1)
plt.figure(1)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, c_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Initial guess obtained by simulation')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, T_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot(t_init_sim, Tc_init_sim)
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()
### 3. Solve the optimal control problem
# Compile model
fmux = compile_fmux("CSTR.CSTR_Opt2", file_path)
# Load model
cstr = CasadiModel(fmux)
# Set reference values
cstr.set('Tc_ref', Tc_0_B)
cstr.set('c_ref', c_0_B)
cstr.set('T_ref', T_0_B)
# Set initial values
cstr.set('cstr.c_init', c_0_A)
cstr.set('cstr.T_init', T_0_A)
# Set options
opt_opts = cstr.optimize_options()
opt_opts['n_e'] = 100 # Number of elements
opt_opts['init_traj'] = init_res.result_data
opt_opts['nominal_traj'] = init_res.result_data
opt_opts['IPOPT_options']['tol'] = 1e-10
# Solve the optimal control problem
res = cstr.optimize(options=opt_opts)
# Extract variable profiles
c_res = res['cstr.c']
T_res = res['cstr.T']
Tc_res = res['cstr.Tc']
time_res = res['time']
c_ref = res['c_ref']
T_ref = res['T_ref']
Tc_ref = res['Tc_ref']
# Verify solution for testing purposes
try:
import casadi
except:
pass
else:
cost = float(res.solver.solver.output(casadi.NLP_SOLVER_F))
assert(N.abs(cost/1.e3 - 1.8585429) < 1e-3)
# Plot the results
if with_plots:
plt.close(2)
plt.figure(2)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(time_res, c_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0], time_res[-1]], [c_ref, c_ref], '--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Optimized trajectories')
plt.subplot(312)
plt.plot(time_res,T_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0],time_res[-1]],[T_ref,T_ref],'--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(313)
plt.plot(time_res,Tc_res)
plt.plot([time_res[0],time_res[-1]],[Tc_ref,Tc_ref],'--')
plt.grid()
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()
### 4. Simulate to verify the optimal solution
# Compile model
sim_fmu = compile_fmu("CSTR.CSTR", file_path)
# Load model
sim_model = load_fmu(sim_fmu)
# Get optimized input
(_, opt_input) = res.solver.get_opt_input()
# Set initial values
sim_model.set('c_init',c_0_A)
sim_model.set('T_init',T_0_A)
# Simulate using optimized input
sim_opts = sim_model.simulate_options()
sim_opts['CVode_options']['rtol'] = 1e-6
sim_opts['CVode_options']['atol'] = 1e-8
res = sim_model.simulate(start_time=0., final_time=150.,
input=('Tc', opt_input), options=sim_opts)
# Extract variable profiles
c_sim=res['c']
T_sim=res['T']
Tc_sim=res['Tc']
time_sim = res['time']
# Verify results
N.testing.assert_array_less(abs(c_res[-1] - c_sim[-1])/c_res[-1], 5e-2)
# Plot the results
if with_plots:
plt.close(3)
plt.figure(3)
plt.hold(True)
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(time_res, c_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, c_sim, lw=2)
plt.legend(('optimized', 'simulated'))
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Concentration')
plt.title('Verification')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
plt.plot(time_res, T_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, T_sim, lw=2)
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Temperature')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot(time_res, Tc_res, '--', lw=5)
plt.plot(time_sim, Tc_sim, lw=2)
plt.grid(True)
plt.ylabel('Cooling temperature')
plt.xlabel('time')
plt.show()