def _check_catching_non_exception(self, handler, exc, part):
if isinstance(exc, astroid.Tuple):
# Check if it is a tuple of exceptions.
inferred = [safe_infer(elt) for elt in exc.elts]
if any(node is astroid.YES for node in inferred):
# Don't emit if we don't know every component.
return
if all(node and inherit_from_std_ex(node) for node in inferred):
return
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.Class):
# Don't emit the warning if the infered stmt
# is None, but the exception handler is something else,
# maybe it was redefined.
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Const) and exc.value is None):
if ((isinstance(handler.type, astroid.Const)
and handler.type.value is None)
or handler.type.parent_of(exc)):
# If the exception handler catches None or
# the exception component, which is None, is
# defined by the entire exception handler, then
# emit a warning.
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(), ))
else:
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(), ))
return
if (not inherit_from_std_ex(exc) and exc.root().name != BUILTINS_NAME):
if has_known_bases(exc):
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(exc.name, ))
def _check_catching_non_exception(self, handler, exc, part):
if isinstance(exc, astroid.Tuple):
# Check if it is a tuple of exceptions.
inferred = [safe_infer(elt) for elt in exc.elts]
if any(node is astroid.YES for node in inferred):
# Don't emit if we don't know every component.
return
if all(node and inherit_from_std_ex(node) for node in inferred):
return
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
# Don't emit the warning if the infered stmt
# is None, but the exception handler is something else,
# maybe it was redefined.
if isinstance(exc, astroid.Const) and exc.value is None:
if (isinstance(handler.type, astroid.Const) and handler.type.value is None) or handler.type.parent_of(
exc
):
# If the exception handler catches None or
# the exception component, which is None, is
# defined by the entire exception handler, then
# emit a warning.
self.add_message("catching-non-exception", node=handler.type, args=(part.as_string(),))
else:
self.add_message("catching-non-exception", node=handler.type, args=(part.as_string(),))
return
if not inherit_from_std_ex(exc) and exc.name not in self.builtin_exceptions:
if has_known_bases(exc):
self.add_message("catching-non-exception", node=handler.type, args=(exc.name,))
def _check_raise_value(self, node, expr):
"""check for bad values, string exception and class inheritance
"""
value_found = True
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Const):
value = expr.value
if not isinstance(value, str):
# raising-string will be emitted from python3 porting checker.
self.add_message('raising-bad-type', node=node,
args=value.__class__.__name__)
elif ((isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and
expr.name in ('None', 'True', 'False')) or
isinstance(expr, (astroid.List, astroid.Dict, astroid.Tuple,
astroid.Module, astroid.FunctionDef))):
emit = True
if not PY3K and isinstance(expr, astroid.Tuple) and expr.elts:
# On Python 2, using the following is not an error:
# raise (ZeroDivisionError, None)
# raise (ZeroDivisionError, )
# What's left to do is to check that the first
# argument is indeed an exception.
# Verifying the other arguments is not
# the scope of this check.
first = expr.elts[0]
inferred = safe_infer(first)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
inferred = inferred._proxied
if (inferred is astroid.YES or
isinstance(inferred, astroid.ClassDef)
and inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
emit = False
if emit:
self.add_message('raising-bad-type',
node=node,
args=expr.name)
elif ((isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and expr.name == 'NotImplemented')
or (isinstance(expr, astroid.Call) and
isinstance(expr.func, astroid.Name) and
expr.func.name == 'NotImplemented')):
self.add_message('notimplemented-raised', node=node)
elif isinstance(expr, (astroid.Instance, astroid.ClassDef)):
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Instance):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
expr = expr._proxied
if (isinstance(expr, astroid.ClassDef) and
not inherit_from_std_ex(expr) and
has_known_bases(expr)):
if expr.newstyle:
self.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=node)
else:
self.add_message('nonstandard-exception', node=node)
else:
value_found = False
else:
value_found = False
return value_found
def _check_raise_value(self, node, expr):
"""check for bad values, string exception and class inheritance
"""
value_found = True
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Const):
value = expr.value
if not isinstance(value, str):
# raising-string will be emitted from python3 porting checker.
self.add_message('raising-bad-type',
node=node,
args=value.__class__.__name__)
elif ((isinstance(expr, astroid.Name)
and expr.name in ('None', 'True', 'False'))
or isinstance(expr, (astroid.List, astroid.Dict, astroid.Tuple,
astroid.Module, astroid.FunctionDef))):
emit = True
if not PY3K and isinstance(expr, astroid.Tuple) and expr.elts:
# On Python 2, using the following is not an error:
# raise (ZeroDivisionError, None)
# raise (ZeroDivisionError, )
# What's left to do is to check that the first
# argument is indeed an exception.
# Verifying the other arguments is not
# the scope of this check.
first = expr.elts[0]
inferred = safe_infer(first)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
inferred = inferred._proxied
if (inferred is astroid.YES
or isinstance(inferred, astroid.ClassDef)
and inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
emit = False
if emit:
self.add_message('raising-bad-type', node=node, args=expr.name)
elif (
(isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and expr.name == 'NotImplemented')
or (isinstance(expr, astroid.Call)
and isinstance(expr.func, astroid.Name)
and expr.func.name == 'NotImplemented')):
self.add_message('notimplemented-raised', node=node)
elif isinstance(expr, (astroid.Instance, astroid.ClassDef)):
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Instance):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
expr = expr._proxied
if (isinstance(expr, astroid.ClassDef)
and not inherit_from_std_ex(expr)
and has_known_bases(expr)):
if expr.newstyle:
self.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=node)
else:
self.add_message('nonstandard-exception', node=node)
else:
value_found = False
else:
value_found = False
return value_found
def visit_classdef(self, node: nodes.ClassDef) -> None:
# TODO (Typing): This function can be called from visit_instance
# with the return type of instance._proxied (not typed right now)
if not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(node) and utils.has_known_bases(node):
if node.newstyle:
self._checker.add_message("raising-non-exception",
node=self._node)
def visit_classdef(self, cls):
if (not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(cls) and
utils.has_known_bases(cls)):
if cls.newstyle:
self._checker.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=self._node)
else:
self._checker.add_message('nonstandard-exception', node=self._node)
def visit_classdef(self, cls):
if (not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(cls) and
utils.has_known_bases(cls)):
if cls.newstyle:
self._checker.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=self._node)
else:
self._checker.add_message('nonstandard-exception', node=self._node)
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
exceptions_classes = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
if handler.type is None:
if not is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message('bare-except', node=handler)
# check if a "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = 'empty except clause should always appear last'
self.add_message('bad-except-order', node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
self.add_message('binary-op-exception',
node=handler,
args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.YES:
continue
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance)
and inherit_from_std_ex(exc)):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
self._check_catching_non_exception(handler, exc, part)
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = '%s is an ancestor class of %s' % (
previous_exc.name, exc.name)
self.add_message('bad-except-order',
node=handler.type,
args=msg)
if (exc.name in self.config.overgeneral_exceptions
and exc.root().name == EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message('broad-except',
args=exc.name,
node=handler.type)
if exc in exceptions_classes:
self.add_message('duplicate-except',
args=exc.name,
node=handler.type)
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in excs]
def visit_raise(self, node):
"""visit raise possibly inferring value"""
# ignore empty raise
if node.exc is None:
return
if PY3K and node.cause:
try:
cause = next(node.cause.infer())
except astroid.InferenceError:
pass
else:
if cause is YES:
return
if isinstance(cause, astroid.Const):
if cause.value is not None:
self.add_message('bad-exception-context',
node=node)
elif (not isinstance(cause, astroid.Class) and
not inherit_from_std_ex(cause)):
self.add_message('bad-exception-context',
node=node)
expr = node.exc
if self._check_raise_value(node, expr):
return
else:
try:
value = next(unpack_infer(expr))
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
self._check_raise_value(node, value)
def _check_catching_non_exception(self, handler, exc, part):
if isinstance(exc, nodes.Tuple):
# Check if it is a tuple of exceptions.
inferred = [utils.safe_infer(elt) for elt in exc.elts]
if any(node is astroid.Uninferable for node in inferred):
# Don't emit if we don't know every component.
return
if all(
node
and (utils.inherit_from_std_ex(node) or not utils.has_known_bases(node))
for node in inferred
):
return
if not isinstance(exc, nodes.ClassDef):
# Don't emit the warning if the inferred stmt
# is None, but the exception handler is something else,
# maybe it was redefined.
if isinstance(exc, nodes.Const) and exc.value is None:
if (
isinstance(handler.type, nodes.Const) and handler.type.value is None
) or handler.type.parent_of(exc):
# If the exception handler catches None or
# the exception component, which is None, is
# defined by the entire exception handler, then
# emit a warning.
self.add_message(
"catching-non-exception",
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(),),
)
else:
self.add_message(
"catching-non-exception",
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(),),
)
return
if (
not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc)
and exc.name not in self._builtin_exceptions
):
if utils.has_known_bases(exc):
self.add_message(
"catching-non-exception", node=handler.type, args=(exc.name,)
)
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
self._check_try_except_raise(node)
exceptions_classes = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
if handler.type is None:
if not utils.is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message('bare-except', node=handler)
# check if an "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = 'empty except clause should always appear last'
self.add_message('bad-except-order', node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
self.add_message('binary-op-exception',
node=handler, args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.Uninferable:
continue
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance)
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc)):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
self._check_catching_non_exception(handler, exc, part)
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = '%s is an ancestor class of %s' % (
previous_exc.name, exc.name)
self.add_message('bad-except-order',
node=handler.type, args=msg)
if (exc.name in self.config.overgeneral_exceptions
and exc.root().name == utils.EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not utils.is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message('broad-except',
args=exc.name, node=handler.type)
if exc in exceptions_classes:
self.add_message('duplicate-except',
args=exc.name, node=handler.type)
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in excs]
def visit_subscript(self, node):
""" Look for indexing exceptions. """
try:
for infered in node.value.infer():
if not isinstance(infered, astroid.Instance):
continue
if utils.inherit_from_std_ex(infered):
self.add_message('indexing-exception', node=node)
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def visit_subscript(self, node):
""" Look for indexing exceptions. """
try:
for infered in node.value.infer():
if not isinstance(infered, astroid.Instance):
continue
if utils.inherit_from_std_ex(infered):
self.add_message('indexing-exception', node=node)
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def possible_exc_types(node: nodes.NodeNG) -> set[nodes.ClassDef]:
"""Gets all the possible raised exception types for the given raise node.
.. note::
Caught exception types are ignored.
:param node: The raise node to find exception types for.
:returns: A list of exception types possibly raised by :param:`node`.
"""
exceptions = []
if isinstance(node.exc, nodes.Name):
inferred = utils.safe_infer(node.exc)
if inferred:
exceptions = [inferred]
elif node.exc is None:
handler = node.parent
while handler and not isinstance(handler, nodes.ExceptHandler):
handler = handler.parent
if handler and handler.type:
try:
for exception in astroid.unpack_infer(handler.type):
if exception is not astroid.Uninferable:
exceptions.append(exception)
except astroid.InferenceError:
pass
else:
target = _get_raise_target(node)
if isinstance(target, nodes.ClassDef):
exceptions = [target]
elif isinstance(target, nodes.FunctionDef):
for ret in target.nodes_of_class(nodes.Return):
if ret.value is None:
continue
if ret.frame(future=True) != target:
# return from inner function - ignore it
continue
val = utils.safe_infer(ret.value)
if val and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(val):
if isinstance(val, nodes.ClassDef):
exceptions.append(val)
elif isinstance(val, astroid.Instance):
exceptions.append(val.getattr("__class__")[0])
try:
return {
exc
for exc in exceptions
if not utils.node_ignores_exception(node, exc.name)
}
except astroid.InferenceError:
return set()
def test_inherit_from_std_ex_recursive_definition():
node = astroid.extract_node("""
import datetime
class First(datetime.datetime):
pass
class Second(datetime.datetime): #@
pass
datetime.datetime = First
datetime.datetime = Second
""")
assert not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(node)
def visit_attribute(self, node):
""" Look for accessing message on exceptions. """
try:
for infered in node.expr.infer():
if not isinstance(infered, astroid.Instance):
continue
if utils.inherit_from_std_ex(infered):
if node.attrname == 'message':
self.add_message('exception-message-attribute',
node=node)
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def possible_exc_types(node):
"""
Gets all of the possible raised exception types for the given raise node.
.. note::
Caught exception types are ignored.
:param node: The raise node to find exception types for.
:type node: astroid.node_classes.NodeNG
:returns: A list of exception types possibly raised by :param:`node`.
:rtype: set(str)
"""
excs = []
if isinstance(node.exc, astroid.Name):
inferred = utils.safe_infer(node.exc)
if inferred:
excs = [inferred.name]
elif (isinstance(node.exc, astroid.Call)
and isinstance(node.exc.func, astroid.Name)):
target = utils.safe_infer(node.exc.func)
if isinstance(target, astroid.ClassDef):
excs = [target.name]
elif isinstance(target, astroid.FunctionDef):
for ret in target.nodes_of_class(astroid.Return):
if ret.frame() != target:
# return from inner function - ignore it
continue
val = utils.safe_infer(ret.value)
if (val and isinstance(val,
(astroid.Instance, astroid.ClassDef))
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(val)):
excs.append(val.name)
elif node.exc is None:
handler = node.parent
while handler and not isinstance(handler, astroid.ExceptHandler):
handler = handler.parent
if handler and handler.type:
inferred_excs = astroid.unpack_infer(handler.type)
excs = (exc.name for exc in inferred_excs
if exc is not astroid.Uninferable)
try:
return {
exc
for exc in excs if not utils.node_ignores_exception(node, exc)
}
except astroid.InferenceError:
return set()
def visit_attribute(self, node):
""" Look for accessing message on exceptions. """
try:
for inferred in node.expr.infer():
if (isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance) and
utils.inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
if node.attrname == 'message':
self.add_message('exception-message-attribute', node=node)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Module):
self._warn_if_deprecated(node, inferred.name, {node.attrname})
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def visit_tryexcept(self, node: nodes.TryExcept) -> None:
"""check for empty except"""
for handler in node.handlers:
if handler.type is None:
continue
if isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
continue
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
handled_in_clause: List[Tuple[Any, Any]] = []
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.Uninferable:
continue
if isinstance(
exc,
astroid.Instance) and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
for prev_part, prev_exc in handled_in_clause:
prev_exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in prev_exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
if exc == prev_exc:
self.add_message(
"overlapping-except",
node=handler.type,
args=
f"{prev_part.as_string()} and {part.as_string()} are the same",
)
elif prev_exc in exc_ancestors or exc in prev_exc_ancestors:
ancestor = part if exc in prev_exc_ancestors else prev_part
descendant = part if prev_exc in exc_ancestors else prev_part
self.add_message(
"overlapping-except",
node=handler.type,
args=
f"{ancestor.as_string()} is an ancestor class of {descendant.as_string()}",
)
handled_in_clause += [(part, exc)]
def _check_bad_exception_context(self, node):
"""Verify that the exception context is properly set.
An exception context can be only `None` or an exception.
"""
cause = safe_infer(node.cause)
if cause in (astroid.YES, None):
return
if isinstance(cause, astroid.Const):
if cause.value is not None:
self.add_message("bad-exception-context", node=node)
elif not isinstance(cause, astroid.ClassDef) and not inherit_from_std_ex(cause):
self.add_message("bad-exception-context", node=node)
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
for handler in node.handlers:
if handler.type is None:
continue
if isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
continue
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
handled_in_clause = []
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.Uninferable:
continue
if isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance) and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exc.ancestors() if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
for prev_part, prev_exc in handled_in_clause:
prev_exc_ancestors = [
anc
for anc in prev_exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
if exc == prev_exc:
self.add_message(
"overlapping-except",
node=handler.type,
args="%s and %s are the same"
% (prev_part.as_string(), part.as_string()),
)
elif prev_exc in exc_ancestors or exc in prev_exc_ancestors:
ancestor = part if exc in prev_exc_ancestors else prev_part
descendant = part if prev_exc in exc_ancestors else prev_part
self.add_message(
"overlapping-except",
node=handler.type,
args="%s is an ancestor class of %s"
% (ancestor.as_string(), descendant.as_string()),
)
handled_in_clause += [(part, exc)]
def possible_exc_types(node):
"""
Gets all of the possible raised exception types for the given raise node.
.. note::
Caught exception types are ignored.
:param node: The raise node to find exception types for.
:type node: astroid.node_classes.NodeNG
:returns: A list of exception types possibly raised by :param:`node`.
:rtype: list(str)
"""
excs = []
if isinstance(node.exc, astroid.Name):
inferred = safe_infer(node.exc)
if inferred:
excs = [inferred.name]
elif (isinstance(node.exc, astroid.Call) and
isinstance(node.exc.func, astroid.Name)):
target = safe_infer(node.exc.func)
if isinstance(target, astroid.ClassDef):
excs = [target.name]
elif isinstance(target, astroid.FunctionDef):
for ret in target.nodes_of_class(astroid.Return):
if ret.frame() != target:
# return from inner function - ignore it
continue
val = safe_infer(ret.value)
if (val and isinstance(val, (astroid.Instance, astroid.ClassDef))
and inherit_from_std_ex(val)):
excs.append(val.name)
elif node.exc is None:
handler = node.parent
while handler and not isinstance(handler, astroid.ExceptHandler):
handler = handler.parent
if handler and handler.type:
inferred_excs = astroid.unpack_infer(handler.type)
excs = (exc.name for exc in inferred_excs
if exc is not astroid.Uninferable)
try:
return set(exc for exc in excs if not node_ignores_exception(node, exc))
except astroid.InferenceError:
return ()
def visit_attribute(self, node):
""" Look for accessing message on exceptions. """
try:
for inferred in node.expr.infer():
if (isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance)
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
if node.attrname == 'message':
self.add_message('exception-message-attribute',
node=node)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Module):
self._warn_if_deprecated(node, inferred.name,
{node.attrname})
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
for handler in node.handlers:
if handler.type is None:
continue
if isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
continue
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
handled_in_clause = []
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.YES:
continue
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance)
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc)):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
for prev_part, prev_exc in handled_in_clause:
prev_exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in prev_exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
if exc == prev_exc:
self.add_message(
'overlapping-except',
node=handler.type,
args='%s and %s are the same' %
(prev_part.as_string(), part.as_string()))
elif (prev_exc in exc_ancestors
or exc in prev_exc_ancestors):
ancestor = part if exc in prev_exc_ancestors else prev_part
descendant = part if prev_exc in exc_ancestors else prev_part
self.add_message(
'overlapping-except',
node=handler.type,
args='%s is an ancestor class of %s' %
(ancestor.as_string(), descendant.as_string()))
handled_in_clause += [(part, exc)]
def _check_bad_exception_context(self, node):
"""Verify that the exception context is properly set.
An exception context can be only `None` or an exception.
"""
cause = safe_infer(node.cause)
if cause in (YES, None):
return
if isinstance(cause, astroid.Const):
if cause.value is not None:
self.add_message('bad-exception-context', node=node)
elif (not isinstance(cause, astroid.Class)
and not inherit_from_std_ex(cause)):
self.add_message('bad-exception-context', node=node)
def _check_bad_exception_context(self, node: astroid.Raise) -> None:
"""Verify that the exception context is properly set.
An exception context can be only `None` or an exception.
"""
cause = utils.safe_infer(node.cause)
if cause in (astroid.Uninferable, None):
return
if isinstance(cause, astroid.Const):
if cause.value is not None:
self.add_message("bad-exception-context", node=node)
elif not isinstance(
cause,
astroid.ClassDef) and not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(cause):
self.add_message("bad-exception-context", node=node)
def visit_attribute(self, node):
"""Look for accessing message on exceptions. """
message = 'message'
try:
for inferred in node.expr.infer():
if (isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance) and
utils.inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
if node.attrname == message:
# Exceptions with .message clearly defined are an exception
if message in inferred.instance_attrs:
continue
self.add_message('exception-message-attribute', node=node)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Module):
self._warn_if_deprecated(node, inferred.name, {node.attrname},
report_on_modules=False)
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def visit_attribute(self, node):
"""Look for accessing message on exceptions. """
message = 'message'
try:
for inferred in node.expr.infer():
if (isinstance(inferred, astroid.Instance) and
utils.inherit_from_std_ex(inferred)):
if node.attrname == message:
# Exceptions with .message clearly defined are an exception
if message in inferred.instance_attrs:
continue
self.add_message('exception-message-attribute', node=node)
if isinstance(inferred, astroid.Module):
self._warn_if_deprecated(node, inferred.name, {node.attrname},
report_on_modules=False)
except astroid.InferenceError:
return
def _check_raise_value(self, node, expr):
"""check for bad values, string exception and class inheritance
"""
value_found = True
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Const):
value = expr.value
if isinstance(value, str):
self.add_message('raising-string', node=node)
else:
self.add_message('raising-bad-type',
node=node,
args=value.__class__.__name__)
elif (isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and \
expr.name in ('None', 'True', 'False')) or \
isinstance(expr, (astroid.List, astroid.Dict, astroid.Tuple,
astroid.Module, astroid.Function)):
self.add_message('raising-bad-type', node=node, args=expr.name)
elif (
(isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and expr.name == 'NotImplemented')
or (isinstance(expr, astroid.CallFunc)
and isinstance(expr.func, astroid.Name)
and expr.func.name == 'NotImplemented')):
self.add_message('notimplemented-raised', node=node)
elif isinstance(expr, astroid.BinOp) and expr.op == '%':
self.add_message('raising-string', node=node)
elif isinstance(expr, (Instance, astroid.Class)):
if isinstance(expr, Instance):
expr = expr._proxied
if (isinstance(expr, astroid.Class)
and not inherit_from_std_ex(expr)
and expr.root().name != BUILTINS_NAME):
if expr.newstyle:
self.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=node)
else:
self.add_message(
'nonstandard-exception',
node=node,
confidence=INFERENCE
if has_known_bases(expr) else INFERENCE_FAILURE)
else:
value_found = False
else:
value_found = False
return value_found
def _check_raise_value(self, node, expr):
"""check for bad values, string exception and class inheritance
"""
value_found = True
if isinstance(expr, astroid.Const):
value = expr.value
if isinstance(value, str):
# raising-string will be emitted from python3 porting checker.
pass
else:
self.add_message('raising-bad-type', node=node,
args=value.__class__.__name__)
elif (isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and \
expr.name in ('None', 'True', 'False')) or \
isinstance(expr, (astroid.List, astroid.Dict, astroid.Tuple,
astroid.Module, astroid.Function)):
self.add_message('raising-bad-type', node=node, args=expr.name)
elif ((isinstance(expr, astroid.Name) and expr.name == 'NotImplemented')
or (isinstance(expr, astroid.CallFunc) and
isinstance(expr.func, astroid.Name) and
expr.func.name == 'NotImplemented')):
self.add_message('notimplemented-raised', node=node)
elif isinstance(expr, (Instance, astroid.Class)):
if isinstance(expr, Instance):
expr = expr._proxied
if (isinstance(expr, astroid.Class) and
not inherit_from_std_ex(expr) and
expr.root().name != BUILTINS_NAME):
if expr.newstyle:
self.add_message('raising-non-exception', node=node)
else:
self.add_message(
'nonstandard-exception', node=node,
confidence=INFERENCE if has_known_bases(expr) else INFERENCE_FAILURE)
else:
value_found = False
else:
value_found = False
return value_found
def visit_classdef(self, node: nodes.ClassDef) -> None:
if not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(node) and utils.has_known_bases(node):
if node.newstyle:
self._checker.add_message("raising-non-exception", node=self._node)
def visit_classdef(self, cls):
if not utils.inherit_from_std_ex(cls) and utils.has_known_bases(cls):
if cls.newstyle:
self._checker.add_message("raising-non-exception",
node=self._node)
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
exceptions_classes = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
# `raise` as the first operator inside the except handler
if utils.is_raising([handler.body[0]]):
# flags when there is a bare raise
if handler.body[0].exc is None:
self.add_message('try-except-raise', node=handler)
else:
# not a bare raise
raise_type = None
if isinstance(handler.body[0].exc, astroid.Call):
raise_type = handler.body[0].exc.func
# flags only when the exception types of the handler
# and the raise statement match b/c we're raising the same
# type of exception that we're trying to handle. Example:
#
# except ValueError:
# raise ValueError('some user friendly message')
if (isinstance(handler.type, astroid.Name)
and isinstance(raise_type, astroid.Name)
and raise_type.name == handler.type.name):
self.add_message('try-except-raise', node=handler)
if handler.type is None:
if not utils.is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message('bare-except', node=handler)
# check if an "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = 'empty except clause should always appear last'
self.add_message('bad-except-order', node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
self.add_message('binary-op-exception',
node=handler, args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.Uninferable:
continue
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance)
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc)):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
self._check_catching_non_exception(handler, exc, part)
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = '%s is an ancestor class of %s' % (
previous_exc.name, exc.name)
self.add_message('bad-except-order',
node=handler.type, args=msg)
if (exc.name in self.config.overgeneral_exceptions
and exc.root().name == utils.EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not utils.is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message('broad-except',
args=exc.name, node=handler.type)
if exc in exceptions_classes:
self.add_message('duplicate-except',
args=exc.name, node=handler.type)
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in excs]
def visit_tryexcept(self, node: nodes.TryExcept) -> None:
"""Check for empty except."""
self._check_try_except_raise(node)
exceptions_classes: list[Any] = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
if handler.type is None:
if not _is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message("bare-except", node=handler)
# check if an "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = "empty except clause should always appear last"
self.add_message("bad-except-order", node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, nodes.BoolOp):
self.add_message("binary-op-exception",
node=handler,
args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
exceptions = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exception in exceptions:
if exception is astroid.Uninferable:
continue
if isinstance(exception, astroid.Instance
) and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exception):
exception = exception._proxied
self._check_catching_non_exception(handler, exception,
part)
if not isinstance(exception, nodes.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exception.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, nodes.ClassDef)
]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = f"{previous_exc.name} is an ancestor class of {exception.name}"
self.add_message("bad-except-order",
node=handler.type,
args=msg)
if (exception.name
in self.linter.config.overgeneral_exceptions and
exception.root().name == utils.EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not _is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message("broad-except",
args=exception.name,
node=handler.type)
if exception in exceptions_classes:
self.add_message("duplicate-except",
args=exception.name,
node=handler.type)
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in exceptions]
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
exceptions_classes = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
# single except doing nothing but "pass" without else clause
if is_empty(handler.body) and not node.orelse:
self.add_message('pointless-except',
node=handler.type or handler.body[0])
if handler.type is None:
if not is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message('bare-except', node=handler)
# check if a "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = 'empty except clause should always appear last'
self.add_message('bad-except-order', node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
self.add_message('binary-op-exception',
node=handler, args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is YES:
continue
if isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance) and inherit_from_std_ex(exc):
exc = exc._proxied
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.Class):
# Don't emit the warning if the infered stmt
# is None, but the exception handler is something else,
# maybe it was redefined.
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Const) and
exc.value is None):
if ((isinstance(handler.type, astroid.Const) and
handler.type.value is None) or
handler.type.parent_of(exc)):
# If the exception handler catches None or
# the exception component, which is None, is
# defined by the entire exception handler, then
# emit a warning.
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(), ))
else:
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(part.as_string(), ))
continue
exc_ancestors = [anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.Class)]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = '%s is an ancestor class of %s' % (
previous_exc.name, exc.name)
self.add_message('bad-except-order',
node=handler.type, args=msg)
if (exc.name in self.config.overgeneral_exceptions
and exc.root().name == EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message('broad-except',
args=exc.name, node=handler.type)
if (not inherit_from_std_ex(exc) and
exc.root().name != BUILTINS_NAME):
if has_known_bases(exc):
self.add_message('catching-non-exception',
node=handler.type,
args=(exc.name, ))
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in excs]
def visit_tryexcept(self, node):
"""check for empty except"""
exceptions_classes = []
nb_handlers = len(node.handlers)
for index, handler in enumerate(node.handlers):
# `raise` as the first operator inside the except handler
if utils.is_raising([handler.body[0]]):
# flags when there is a bare raise
if handler.body[0].exc is None:
self.add_message('try-except-raise', node=handler)
else:
# not a bare raise
raise_type = None
if isinstance(handler.body[0].exc, astroid.Call):
raise_type = handler.body[0].exc.func
# flags only when the exception types of the handler
# and the raise statement match b/c we're raising the same
# type of exception that we're trying to handle. Example:
#
# except ValueError:
# raise ValueError('some user friendly message')
if (isinstance(handler.type, astroid.Name)
and isinstance(raise_type, astroid.Name)
and raise_type.name == handler.type.name):
self.add_message('try-except-raise', node=handler)
if handler.type is None:
if not utils.is_raising(handler.body):
self.add_message('bare-except', node=handler)
# check if an "except:" is followed by some other
# except
if index < (nb_handlers - 1):
msg = 'empty except clause should always appear last'
self.add_message('bad-except-order', node=node, args=msg)
elif isinstance(handler.type, astroid.BoolOp):
self.add_message('binary-op-exception',
node=handler,
args=handler.type.op)
else:
try:
excs = list(_annotated_unpack_infer(handler.type))
except astroid.InferenceError:
continue
for part, exc in excs:
if exc is astroid.YES:
continue
if (isinstance(exc, astroid.Instance)
and utils.inherit_from_std_ex(exc)):
# pylint: disable=protected-access
exc = exc._proxied
self._check_catching_non_exception(handler, exc, part)
if not isinstance(exc, astroid.ClassDef):
continue
exc_ancestors = [
anc for anc in exc.ancestors()
if isinstance(anc, astroid.ClassDef)
]
for previous_exc in exceptions_classes:
if previous_exc in exc_ancestors:
msg = '%s is an ancestor class of %s' % (
previous_exc.name, exc.name)
self.add_message('bad-except-order',
node=handler.type,
args=msg)
if (exc.name in self.config.overgeneral_exceptions
and exc.root().name == utils.EXCEPTIONS_MODULE
and not utils.is_raising(handler.body)):
self.add_message('broad-except',
args=exc.name,
node=handler.type)
if exc in exceptions_classes:
self.add_message('duplicate-except',
args=exc.name,
node=handler.type)
exceptions_classes += [exc for _, exc in excs]