def test_custom_lower_bound():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(0.02, 1)
)
ef.max_sharpe()
assert ef.weights.min() >= 0.02
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
def getMinVolatilityPortfolio(data):
mu, Sigma = getMuSigma(data)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, Sigma)
raw_weights = ef.min_volatility()
weights = ef.clean_weights()
performance = ef.portfolio_performance()
return weights, performance
def test_lp_portfolio_allocation_different_params():
df = get_data()
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df)
da = DiscreteAllocation(w,
latest_prices,
total_portfolio_value=80000,
short_ratio=0.4)
allocation, leftover = da.lp_portfolio()
# assert allocation == {
# "GOOG": 3,
# "AAPL": 32,
# "FB": 99,
# "BABA": 34,
# "AMZN": 2,
# "BBY": 15,
# "MA": 164,
# "PFE": 438,
# "SBUX": 15,
# }
total = 0
for ticker, num in allocation.items():
total += num * latest_prices[ticker]
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(total + leftover, 80000, decimal=4)
def test_lp_portfolio_allocation_different_params():
df = get_data()
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df)
da = DiscreteAllocation(
w,
latest_prices,
min_allocation=0.002,
total_portfolio_value=80000,
short_ratio=0.4,
)
allocation, leftover = da.lp_portfolio()
assert da.allocation == {
"GOOG": 1,
"AAPL": 43,
"FB": 95,
"BABA": 44,
"AMZN": 4,
"BBY": 69,
"MA": 114,
"PFE": 412,
"SBUX": 51,
}
total = 0
for ticker, num in allocation.items():
total += num * latest_prices[ticker]
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(total + leftover, 80000)
def get_momentum_stocks(df, date, portfolio_size, cash):
# Filter the df to get the top 10 momentum stocks for the latest day
df_top_m = df.loc[df['date'] == pd.to_datetime(date)]
df_top_m = df_top_m.sort_values(
by='momentum', ascending=False).head(portfolio_size)
# Set the universe to the top momentum stocks for the period
universe = df_top_m['symbol'].tolist()
# Create a df with just the stocks from the universe
df_u = df.loc[df['symbol'].isin(universe)]
# Create the portfolio
# Pivot to format for the optimization library
df_u = df_u.pivot_table(index='date',
columns='symbol',
values='close',
aggfunc='sum')
# Calculate expected returns and sample covariance
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(df_u)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(df_u)
# Optimise the portfolio for maximal Sharpe ratio
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S,
gamma=1) # Use regularization (gamma=1)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
# Allocate
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df_u)
da = DiscreteAllocation(cleaned_weights,
latest_prices,
total_portfolio_value=cash)
allocation = da.lp_portfolio()[0]
# Put the stocks and the number of shares from the portfolio into a df
symbol_list = []
num_shares_list = []
for symbol, num_shares in allocation.items():
symbol_list.append(symbol)
num_shares_list.append(num_shares)
# Now that we have the stocks we want to buy we filter the df for those ones
df_buy = df.loc[df['symbol'].isin(symbol_list)]
# Filter for the period to get the closing price
df_buy = df_buy.loc[df_buy['date'] == date].sort_values(
by='symbol')
# Add in the qty that was allocated to each stock
df_buy['qty'] = num_shares_list
# Calculate the amount we own for each stock
df_buy['amount_held'] = df_buy['close'] * df_buy['qty']
df_buy = df_buy.loc[df_buy['qty'] != 0]
return df_buy
def get_mean_variance_share_allocation():
dates, ticker_to_closing_prices = get_ticker_to_closing_prices(
START_DATE, TEST_START_DATE - timedelta(days=1))
tickers = ticker_to_closing_prices.keys()
prices = list(
zip(*[ticker_to_closing_prices[ticker] for ticker in tickers]))
df = pd.DataFrame(
prices,
index=dates,
columns=tickers,
)
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = CovarianceShrinkage(df).ledoit_wolf()
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
_, ticker_to_closing_prices_at_test_start = get_ticker_to_closing_prices(
TEST_START_DATE, TEST_END_DATE)
prices_at_test_start = pd.Series([
float(ticker_to_closing_prices_at_test_start[ticker][0])
for ticker in tickers
],
index=tickers)
da = DiscreteAllocation(weights,
prices_at_test_start,
total_portfolio_value=INITIAL_PORTFOLIO_VAL)
allocation, leftover = da.lp_portfolio()
for ticker in tickers:
if ticker not in allocation:
allocation[ticker] = 0
return allocation
def test_allocation_errors():
df = get_data()
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df)
assert DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
DiscreteAllocation(ef.weights, latest_prices)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices.values.tolist())
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices, total_portfolio_value=0)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices, short_ratio=-0.4)
with pytest.raises(NameError):
da = DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices)
da.lp_portfolio(solver="ABCDEF")
w2 = w.copy()
w2["AAPL"] = np.nan
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
DiscreteAllocation(w2, latest_prices)
latest_prices.iloc[0] = np.nan
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices)
def get_sorted_weights(prices):
'''
prices: dataframe of the following shape. Column as symbols, Date as indices
AAL AAPL GOOGL
Date
2014-02-14 32.439728 17.411098 0.00
2014-02-15 32.439728 17.411098 0.00
'''
# calculate parameters
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(prices)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(prices)
# remove infinite values
symbols = prices.columns
for symbol in symbols:
# if value is infinite
mu_value = mu[symbol]
if not np.isfinite(mu_value) or mu_value == 0:
# delete from means
del mu[symbol]
# delete from sample covariance
S.drop(symbol, axis=1, inplace=True)
S.drop(symbol, axis=0, inplace=True)
# calculate efficient frontier
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
sorted_weights = sorted(cleaned_weights.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])
return sorted_weights
def expected_r(tickers, start_date):
today = pd.datetime.today()
if start_date == '1y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=1)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '3y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=3)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '5y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=5)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '10y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=10)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == 'max':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=30)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
prices = ffn.get(tickers, start=delta)
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(prices)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(prices)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
raw_weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
st.write(cleaned_weights)
metrics = ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=True)
st.write('Expected Return: {:.2f}'.format(metrics[0]))
st.write('Annual Volatility: {:.2f}'.format(metrics[1]))
st.write('Sharpe Ratio {:.2f}'.format(metrics[2]))
def __min_vol(mu: pd.Series, cov_matrix: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
# Setup
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, cov_matrix)
# Optimizes for minimum volatility
min_ptf = ef.min_volatility()
return pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data=min_ptf, orient='index').T
def test_greedy_portfolio_allocation():
df = get_data()
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df)
da = DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices)
allocation, leftover = da.greedy_portfolio()
assert da.allocation == {
"MA": 14,
"FB": 12,
"PFE": 51,
"BABA": 5,
"AAPL": 5,
"AMZN": 0,
"BBY": 9,
"SBUX": 6,
"GOOG": 1,
}
total = 0
for ticker, num in allocation.items():
total += num * latest_prices[ticker]
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(total + leftover, 10000)
def getMaxSharpePortfolio(data):
mu, Sigma = getMuSigma(data)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, Sigma)
raw_weights = ef.max_sharpe()
weights = ef.clean_weights()
performance = ef.portfolio_performance()
return weights, performance
def test_custom_bounds_same():
ef = EfficientFrontier(*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True),
weight_bounds=(0.03, 0.13))
ef.max_sharpe()
assert ef.weights.min() >= 0.03
assert ef.weights.max() <= 0.13
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
def opt_data(ticker, start, end, amt):
weight = np.array([1 / len(ticker)] * len(ticker))
hist_data = get_data(ticker, start, end)
daily_returns = hist_data.pct_change()
cov_annual_mat = daily_returns.cov() * 255
port_variance = np.dot(weight.T, np.dot(cov_annual_mat, weight))
port_volatility = np.sqrt(port_variance).round(4)
port_simple_annual_return = np.sum(daily_returns.mean() * weight) * 255
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(hist_data)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(hist_data)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
cw = ef.clean_weights()
e = ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=False)
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(hist_data)
da = DiscreteAllocation(cw, latest_prices, total_portfolio_value=amt)
allocation, leftover = da.lp_portfolio()
return {
"orignal_port_volatility": str(round(port_volatility, 3) * 100) + "%",
"orignal_annual_return":
str(round(port_simple_annual_return, 3) * 100) + "%",
"new_port_volatility": str(round(e[1], 3) * 100) + "%",
"new_annual_return": str(round(e[0], 3) * 100) + "%",
"Allocation": cw,
"AllocationNo": allocation,
"Left_Amount": str(round(leftover, 2))
}
def run_allocation(date, duration):
df = pd.DataFrame(columns=symbols)
for symbol in symbols:
try:
data = get_all_binance(symbol, date, duration, save=False)
df[symbol] = data["close"]
except BinanceAPIException:
print("Symbol was : " + symbol)
df = df.apply(pd.to_numeric)
df.fillna(0)
print(df)
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = CovarianceShrinkage(df).ledoit_wolf()
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
#aws, graphql, table'a ekle
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
print(ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=True))
lists = sorted(weights.items()) # sorted by key, return a list of tuples
lists = {x: y for x, y in lists if y > 0}
f = open("Coin" + duration + ".txt", "w")
f.write(str(lists))
f.close()
print(weights)
s3 = boto3.client('s3')
with open("Coin" + duration + ".txt", "rb") as f:
s3.upload_fileobj(f, "model-predictions", "Coin" + duration + ".txt")
def test_greedy_portfolio_allocation():
df = get_data()
mu = mean_historical_return(df)
S = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df)
da = DiscreteAllocation(w, latest_prices, short_ratio=0.3)
allocation, leftover = da.greedy_portfolio()
assert allocation == {
"MA": 20,
"FB": 12,
"PFE": 54,
"BABA": 4,
"AAPL": 4,
"BBY": 2,
"SBUX": 1,
"GOOG": 1,
}
total = 0
for ticker, num in allocation.items():
total += num * latest_prices[ticker]
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(total + leftover, 10000, decimal=4)
# Cover the verbose parameter,
allocation_verbose, leftover_verbose = da.greedy_portfolio(verbose=True)
assert allocation_verbose == allocation
assert leftover_verbose == leftover
def asset_allocation(tickers, start_date):
today = pd.datetime.today()
if start_date == '1y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=1)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '3y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=3)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '5y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=5)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == '10y':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=10)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
elif start_date == 'max':
delta = today - pd.DateOffset(years=30)
delta = delta.date()
delta = delta.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
prices = ffn.get(tickers, start=delta)
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(prices)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(prices)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
raw_weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
latest_prices = discrete_allocation.get_latest_prices(prices)
da = DiscreteAllocation(cleaned_weights, latest_prices, total_portfolio_value=amount)
allocation, leftover = da.lp_portfolio()
st.subheader('Asset Allocation breakdown: ')
st.write(allocation)
st.write("Funds remaining: ${:.2f}".format(leftover))
def ef_risk_strategy(returns=None, cov_matrix=None, target_volatility=5.0):
assert returns is not None
assert cov_matrix is not None
ef = EfficientFrontier(returns, cov_matrix)
ef.add_objective(objective_functions.L2_reg, gamma=0.1)
weights = ef.efficient_risk(target_volatility=target_volatility)
return weights, portfolio_performance(ef), ef
def ef_sharpe_strategy(returns=None, cov_matrix=None):
assert returns is not None
ef = EfficientFrontier(returns, cov_matrix)
ef.add_objective(objective_functions.L2_reg,
gamma=0.1) # eliminate minor weights
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
return weights, portfolio_performance(ef), ef
def max_sharpe_multi(ticker_list, time='1d', cash=10000000):
data = yf.download(ticker_list, period='10y', interval=time)
if len(ticker_list) > 1:
data = yf.download(ticker_list,
period='10y',
interval=time,
group_by='ticker')
new_data = []
df = pd.DataFrame()
weight = 1 / len(ticker_list)
for i in ticker_list:
stock_normal_ret = data['Close'] / data.iloc[0]['Close']
df[i] = data['Close']
if len(ticker_list) > 1:
stock_normal_ret = data[i]['Close'] / data[i].iloc[0]['Close']
df[i] = data[i]['Close']
alloc = stock_normal_ret * weight
balance = alloc * cash
new_data.append(balance)
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(df)
s = risk_models.sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, s)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
x = ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=True)
return cleaned_weights, round(2.5 * x[2] / 15, 3) # sharpe adjusted weight
def test_custom_lower_bound():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(0.02, 1)
)
ef.max_sharpe()
assert ef.weights.min() >= 0.02
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
def get_momentum_stocks(df, date, portfolio_size, cash):
# Convert dates and filter all momentum scores to include only top `portfolio_size` movers
df_top_movers = df.loc[df['date'] == pd.to_datetime(date)]
df_top_movers = df_top_movers.sort_values(by='momentum', ascending=False).head(portfolio_size)
# Create a universe of top momentum stocks
universe = df_top_movers['symbol'].tolist()
# Create universe as DF for these stocks
df_universe_top_movers = df.loc[df['symbol'].isin(universe)]
# Create pre-optimzed portfolio
df_universe_top_movers = df_universe_top_movers.pivot_table(
index='date',
columns='symbol',
values='close',
aggfunc='sum')
# Calculate expected returns and sample covariance
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(df_universe_top_movers)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(df_universe_top_movers)
# Optimize by Sharpe Ratio
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S, gamma=1) # Use regularization (gamma=1)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
cleaned_weights = ef.clean_weights()
# Allocate
latest_prices = get_latest_prices(df_universe_top_movers)
allocated = DiscreteAllocation(
cleaned_weights,
latest_prices,
total_portfolio_value=cash)
allocation = allocated.lp_portfolio()[0]
# Put the stocks and the number of shares from the portfolio into a df
symbols = []
num_shares = []
for sym, shares in allocation.items():
symbols.append(sym)
num_shares.append(shares)
# Create the to-buy dataframe
df_buy = df.loc[df['symbol'].isin(symbols)]
# Filter out irrelevant dates
df_buy = df_buy.loc[df_buy['date'] == date].sort_values(by='symbol')
# Add quantity allocations into dataframe
df_buy['qty'] = num_shares # has thrown -> ValueError
# Calculate the new/desired equity for each stock
df_buy['equity'] = df_buy['close'] * df_buy['qty']
df_buy = df_buy.loc[df_buy['qty'] != 0]
return df_buy
def test_custom_upper_bound():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(0, 0.10)
)
ef.max_sharpe()
ef.portfolio_performance()
assert ef.weights.max() <= 0.1
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
def new_w(self, new_pred, date):
new_ret = self.train_ret.append(new_pred)
new_vcv = new_ret.cov()
new_mu = new_ret.mean()
eff = EfficientFrontier(expected_returns=new_mu,
cov_matrix=new_vcv,
weight_bounds=self.w_bounds)
return pd.DataFrame(eff.max_sharpe(risk_free_rate=0), index=[date])
def markowitz(tickers, start=None, end=None, regularize=False):
prices = load_prices(tickers, start, end)
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(prices, frequency=12)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(prices, frequency=12)
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
if regularize:
ef.gamma = 1
return ef
def calculate(self, date, universe):
prices = universe.pricing['price'].unstack()[self.assets].iloc[-self.window:]
mu = mean_historical_return(prices)
S = CovarianceShrinkage(prices).ledoit_wolf()
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
weights = ef.min_volatility()
weights = pd.Series(weights, index=self.assets)
return weights
def test_efficient_frontier_init_errors():
df = get_data()
mean_returns = df.pct_change().dropna(how="all").mean()
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
EfficientFrontier("test", "string")
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
EfficientFrontier(mean_returns, mean_returns)
def min_CVaR(self):
prices = self.prices
returns = self.returns
cov = self.covariance
ef = EfficientFrontier(None, cov)
optimal_weights = ef.custom_objective(negative_cvar, returns)
return optimal_weights, None
def ef_sharpe_strategy(ld: LazyDictionary, **kwargs) -> None:
ef = EfficientFrontier(
expected_returns=kwargs.get("returns"),
cov_matrix=kwargs.get("cov_matrix", None),
)
ef.add_objective(objective_functions.L2_reg,
gamma=0.1) # eliminate minor weights
ld["optimizer"] = ef
ld["raw_weights"] = lambda ld: ld["optimizer"].max_sharpe()
def __init__(self, dfs, on='date', rf=0.02):
df = reduce(lambda left, right: pd.merge(left, right, on=on), dfs)
df_pct = df.pct_change()
self.prices = df
self.mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(df)
self.rf = rf
self.S = risk_models.sample_cov(df)
self.ef = EfficientFrontier(self.mu, self.S)
self.ef.max_sharpe(risk_free_rate=rf)
def test_bounds_errors():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
EfficientFrontier(*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True),
weight_bounds=(0.06, 1))
assert EfficientFrontier(*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True),
weight_bounds=(0, 1))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
EfficientFrontier(*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True),
weight_bounds=(0.06, 1, 3))
def __init__(self, dataframe):
self.dataframe = dataframe
# Calculate expected returns and sample covariance
self.mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(self.dataframe)
self.S = risk_models.sample_cov(self.dataframe)
# Optimise for maximal Sharpe ratio
self.ef = EfficientFrontier(self.mu, self.S)
self.weights = self.ef.max_sharpe()
self.ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=True)
def test_clean_weights_short():
ef = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(-1, 1)
)
ef.max_sharpe()
# In practice we would never use such a high cutoff
number_tiny_weights = sum(np.abs(ef.weights) < 0.05)
cleaned = ef.clean_weights(cutoff=0.05)
cleaned_weights = cleaned.values()
clean_number_tiny_weights = sum(abs(i) < 0.05 for i in cleaned_weights)
assert clean_number_tiny_weights == number_tiny_weights
def test_max_sharpe_input_errors():
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), gamma="2"
)
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), gamma=-1)
assert len(w) == 1
assert issubclass(w[0].category, UserWarning)
assert (
str(w[0].message)
== "in most cases, gamma should be positive"
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
ef.max_sharpe(risk_free_rate="0.2")
def test_efficient_return_short():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(None, None)
)
w = ef.efficient_return(0.25)
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
ef.portfolio_performance(), (0.25, 0.168264744226909, 1.3640929002973508)
)
sharpe = ef.portfolio_performance()[2]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.efficient_return(0.25)
long_only_sharpe = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[2]
assert sharpe > long_only_sharpe
def test_portfolio_allocation_errors():
df = get_data()
e_ret = mean_historical_return(df)
cov = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(e_ret, cov)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = discrete_allocation.get_latest_prices(df)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
discrete_allocation.portfolio(ef.weights, latest_prices)
with pytest.raises(TypeError):
discrete_allocation.portfolio(w, latest_prices.values.tolist())
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
discrete_allocation.portfolio(w, latest_prices, min_allocation=0.5)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
discrete_allocation.portfolio(w, latest_prices, total_portfolio_value=0)
def test_max_sharpe_short():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(None, None)
)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.40723757138191374, 0.24823079451957306, 1.5524922427959371),
)
sharpe = ef.portfolio_performance()[2]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.max_sharpe()
long_only_sharpe = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[2]
assert sharpe > long_only_sharpe
def test_efficient_return_market_neutral():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(-1, 1)
)
w = ef.efficient_return(0.25, market_neutral=True)
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 0)
assert (ef.weights < 1).all() and (ef.weights > -1).all()
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.25, 0.20567621957041887, 1.1087335497769277)
)
sharpe = ef.portfolio_performance()[2]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.efficient_return(0.25)
long_only_sharpe = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[2]
assert long_only_sharpe > sharpe
def test_efficient_risk_market_neutral():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(-1, 1)
)
w = ef.efficient_risk(0.19, market_neutral=True)
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 0)
assert (ef.weights < 1).all() and (ef.weights > -1).all()
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.2309497469661495, 0.19000021138101422, 1.1021245569881066)
)
sharpe = ef.portfolio_performance()[2]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.efficient_return(0.25)
long_only_sharpe = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[2]
assert long_only_sharpe > sharpe
def test_min_volatility_short():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(None, None)
)
w = ef.min_volatility()
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.1719799158957379, 0.15559547854162945, 0.9734986722620801),
)
# Shorting should reduce volatility
volatility = ef.portfolio_performance()[1]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.min_volatility()
long_only_volatility = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[1]
assert volatility < long_only_volatility
def test_max_sharpe_L2_reg_with_shorts():
ef_no_reg = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_no_reg.max_sharpe()
initial_number = sum(ef_no_reg.weights > 0.01)
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(None, None)
)
ef.gamma = 1
w = ef.max_sharpe()
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.3236047844566581, 0.20241509723550233, 1.4969817524033966),
)
new_number = sum(ef.weights > 0.01)
assert new_number >= initial_number
def test_efficient_risk_short():
ef = EfficientFrontier(
*setup_efficient_frontier(data_only=True), weight_bounds=(None, None)
)
w = ef.efficient_risk(0.19)
assert isinstance(w, dict)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.tickers)
assert set(w.keys()) == set(ef.expected_returns.index)
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(ef.weights.sum(), 1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
ef.portfolio_performance(),
(0.30468522897560224, 0.19, 1.4947624032507056),
atol=1e6,
)
sharpe = ef.portfolio_performance()[2]
ef_long_only = setup_efficient_frontier()
ef_long_only.efficient_return(0.25)
long_only_sharpe = ef_long_only.portfolio_performance()[2]
assert sharpe > long_only_sharpe
def test_portfolio_allocation():
df = get_data()
e_ret = mean_historical_return(df)
cov = sample_cov(df)
ef = EfficientFrontier(e_ret, cov)
w = ef.max_sharpe()
latest_prices = discrete_allocation.get_latest_prices(df)
allocation, leftover = discrete_allocation.portfolio(w, latest_prices)
assert allocation == {
"MA": 14,
"FB": 12,
"PFE": 51,
"BABA": 5,
"AAPL": 5,
"AMZN": 0,
"BBY": 9,
"SBUX": 6,
"GOOG": 1,
}
total = 0
for ticker, num in allocation.items():
total += num * latest_prices[ticker]
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(total + leftover, 10000)
from pypfopt.efficient_frontier import EfficientFrontier
from pypfopt import risk_models
from pypfopt import expected_returns
from pypfopt.hierarchical_risk_parity import hrp_portfolio
from pypfopt.value_at_risk import CVAROpt
from pypfopt import discrete_allocation
# Reading in the data; preparing expected returns and a risk model
df = pd.read_csv("tests/stock_prices.csv", parse_dates=True, index_col="date")
returns = df.pct_change().dropna(how="all")
mu = expected_returns.mean_historical_return(df)
S = risk_models.sample_cov(df)
# Long-only Maximum Sharpe portfolio, with discretised weights
ef = EfficientFrontier(mu, S)
weights = ef.max_sharpe()
ef.portfolio_performance(verbose=True)
latest_prices = discrete_allocation.get_latest_prices(df)
allocation, leftover = discrete_allocation.portfolio(weights, latest_prices)
print("Discrete allocation:", allocation)
print("Funds remaining: ${:.2f}".format(leftover))
"""
Expected annual return: 33.0%
Annual volatility: 21.7%
Sharpe Ratio: 1.43
Discrete allocation: {'MA': 14, 'FB': 12, 'PFE': 51, 'BABA': 5, 'AAPL': 5,
'AMZN': 0, 'BBY': 9, 'SBUX': 6, 'GOOG': 1}
Funds remaining: $12.15
