def connect_to_dwave():
"""
Establish a connection to the D-Wave, and use this to talk to a solver.
We rely on the qOp infrastructure to set the environment variables properly.
"""
try:
url = os.environ["DW_INTERNAL__HTTPLINK"]
token = os.environ["DW_INTERNAL__TOKEN"]
proxy = os.environ["DW_INTERNAL__HTTPPROXY"]
conn = RemoteConnection(url, token, proxy)
except KeyError:
url = "<local>"
token = "<N/A>"
conn = local_connection
except IOError as e:
qasm.abend("Failed to establish a remote connection (%s)" % e)
try:
qasm.solver_name = os.environ["DW_INTERNAL__SOLVER"]
except:
# Solver was not specified: Use the first available solver.
qasm.solver_name = conn.solver_names()[0]
try:
qasm.solver = conn.get_solver(qasm.solver_name)
except KeyError:
qasm.abend("Failed to find solver %s on connection %s" %
(qasm.solver_name, url))
def submit_dwave_problem(physical, samples, anneal_time):
"Submit a QMI to the D-Wave."
# Submit a QMI to the D-Wave and get back a list of solution vectors.
solver_params = dict(chains=physical.embedding,
num_reads=samples,
annealing_time=anneal_time)
while True:
# Repeatedly remove parameters the particular solver doesn't like until
# it actually works -- or fails for a different reason.
try:
answer = solve_ising(qasm.solver, physical.weights,
physical.strengths, **solver_params)
break
except ValueError as e:
# Is there a better way to extract the failing symbol than a regular
# expression match?
bad_name = re.match(r'"(.*?)"', str(e))
if bad_name == None:
raise e
del solver_params[bad_name.group(1)]
except RuntimeError as e:
qasm.abend(e)
# Discard solutions with broken pins or broken chains.
solutions = answer["solutions"]
valid_solns = [s for s in solutions if solution_is_intact(physical, s)]
final_answer = unembed_answer(valid_solns,
physical.embedding,
broken_chains="discard")
return answer, final_answer
def embed_problem_on_dwave(logical, optimize, verbosity):
"""Embed a logical problem in the D-Wave's physical topology. Return a
physical Problem object."""
# Embed the problem. Abort on failure.
find_dwave_embedding(logical, optimize, verbosity)
try:
h_range = qasm.solver.properties["h_range"]
j_range = qasm.solver.properties["j_range"]
except KeyError:
h_range = [-1.0, 1.0]
j_range = [-1.0, 1.0]
weight_list = [logical.weights[q] for q in range(qasm.next_sym_num + 1)]
smearable = any([s != 0.0 for s in logical.strengths.values()])
try:
[new_weights, new_strengths, new_chains,
new_embedding] = embed_problem(weight_list, logical.strengths,
logical.embedding, logical.hw_adj,
True, smearable, h_range, j_range)
except ValueError as e:
qasm.abend("Failed to embed the problem in the solver (%s)" % e)
# Construct a physical Problem object.
physical = copy.deepcopy(logical)
physical.chains = new_chains
physical.embedding = new_embedding
physical.h_range = h_range
physical.j_range = j_range
physical.strengths = new_strengths
physical.weight_list = weight_list
physical.weights = new_weights
physical.pinned = []
for l, v in logical.pinned:
physical.pinned.extend([(p, v) for p in physical.embedding[l]])
return physical
def error_in_line(self, msg):
if self.lineno == None:
qasm.abend(msg)
else:
sys.stderr.write('%s:%d: error: %s\n' %
(self.filename, self.lineno, msg))
sys.exit(1)
def parse_files(file_list):
"Parse a list of file(s) into an internal representation."
if file_list == []:
# No files were specified: Read from standard input.
parse_file("<stdin>", sys.stdin)
if current_macro[0] != None:
error_in_line("Unterminated definition of macro %s" %
current_macro[0])
else:
# Files were specified: Process each in turn.
for infilename in file_list:
try:
infile = open(infilename)
except IOError:
qasm.abend('Failed to open %s for input' % infilename)
parse_file(infilename, infile)
if current_macro[0] != None:
error_in_line("Unterminated definition of macro %s" %
current_macro[0])
infile.close()
def parse_pin(pin):
"Parse a pin statement passed on the command line."
for pstr in pin:
lhs_rhs = pstr.split(":=")
if len(lhs_rhs) != 2:
qasm.abend('Failed to parse --pin="%s"' % pstr)
lhs = lhs_rhs[0].strip().split()
rhs = []
for r in lhs_rhs[1].strip().upper().split():
try:
rhs.append(str2bool[r])
except KeyError:
for subr in r:
try:
rhs.append(str2bool[subr])
except KeyError:
qasm.abend('Failed to parse --pin="%s"' % pstr)
if len(lhs) != len(rhs):
qasm.abend(
'Different number of left- and right-hand-side values in --pin="%s" (%d vs. %d)'
% (pstr, len(lhs), len(rhs)))
for l, r in zip(lhs, rhs):
qasm.program.append(Pin("[command line]", 1, l, r))
def find_dwave_embedding(logical, optimize, verbosity):
"""Find an embedding of a logical problem in the D-Wave's physical topology.
Store the embedding within the Problem object."""
edges = logical.strengths.keys()
edges.sort()
try:
hw_adj = get_hardware_adjacency(qasm.solver)
except KeyError:
# The Ising heuristic solver is an example of a solver that lacks a
# fixed hardware representation. We therefore assert that the hardware
# exactly matches the problem'input graph.
hw_adj = edges
# Determine the edges of a rectangle of cells we want to use.
L, M, N = qasm.chimera_topology(qasm.solver)
L2 = 2 * L
ncells = (qasm.next_sym_num + 1) // L2
if optimize:
edgey = max(int(math.sqrt(ncells)), 1)
edgex = max((ncells + edgey - 1) // edgey, 1)
else:
edgey = N
edgex = M
# Announce what we're about to do.
if verbosity >= 2:
sys.stderr.write(
"Embedding the logical adjacency within the physical topology.\n\n"
)
# Repeatedly expand edgex and edgey until the embedding works.
while edgex <= M and edgey <= N:
# Retain adjacencies only within the rectangle.
alt_hw_adj = []
for q1, q2 in hw_adj:
c1 = q1 // L2
if c1 % M >= edgex:
continue
if c1 // M >= edgey:
continue
c2 = q2 // L2
if c2 % M >= edgex:
continue
if c2 // M >= edgey:
continue
alt_hw_adj.append((q1, q2))
alt_hw_adj = set(alt_hw_adj)
# Try to find an embedding.
if verbosity >= 2:
sys.stderr.write(" Trying a %dx%d unit-cell embedding ... " %
(edgex, edgey))
status_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", delete=False)
stdout_fd = os.dup(sys.stdout.fileno())
os.dup2(status_file.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
embedding = find_embedding(edges, alt_hw_adj, verbose=1)
sys.stdout.flush()
os.dup2(stdout_fd, sys.stdout.fileno())
status_file.close()
if len(embedding) > 0:
sys.stderr.write("succeeded\n\n")
else:
sys.stderr.write("failed\n\n")
with open(status_file.name, "r") as status:
for line in status:
sys.stderr.write(" %s" % line)
sys.stderr.write("\n")
os.remove(status_file.name)
else:
embedding = find_embedding(edges, alt_hw_adj, verbose=0)
if len(embedding) > 0:
# Success!
break
# Failure -- increase edgex or edgey and try again.
if edgex < edgey:
edgex += 1
else:
edgey += 1
if not (edgex <= M and edgey <= N):
qasm.abend("Failed to embed the problem")
# Store in the logical problem additional information about the embedding.
logical.embedding = embedding
logical.hw_adj = alt_hw_adj
logical.edges = edges
def parse_file(infilename, infile):
global macros, current_macro, aliases, target, filename, lineno
filename = infilename
for line in infile:
# Split the line into fields and apply text aliases.
lineno += 1
if line.strip() == "":
continue
fields = shlex.split(line, True)
for i in range(len(fields)):
try:
fields[i] = aliases[fields[i]]
except KeyError:
pass
# Process the line.
if len(fields) == 0:
# Ignore empty lines.
continue
elif len(fields) >= 2 and fields[0] == "!include":
# "!include" "<filename>" -- process a named auxiliary file.
incname = string.join(fields[1:], " ")
if len(incname) >= 2 and incname[0] == "<" and incname[-1] == ">":
# Search QASMPATH for the filename.
incname = incname[1:-1]
try:
qasmpath = string.split(os.environ["QASMPATH"], ":")
qasmpath.append(".")
except KeyError:
qasmpath = ["."]
found_incname = find_file_in_path(qasmpath, incname)
if found_incname != None:
incname = found_incname
elif len(incname) >= 2:
# Search only the current directory for the filename.
found_incname = find_file_in_path(["."], incname)
if found_incname != None:
incname = found_incname
try:
incfile = open(incname)
except IOError:
qasm.abend('Failed to open %s for input' % incname)
parse_file(incname, incfile)
incfile.close()
elif len(fields) == 2:
if fields[0] == "!begin_macro":
# "!begin_macro" <name> -- begin a macro definition.
name = fields[1]
if macros.has_key(name):
error_in_line("Macro %s is multiply defined" % name)
if current_macro[0] != None:
error_in_line("Nested macros are not supported")
current_macro = (name, [])
target = current_macro[1]
elif fields[0] == "!end_macro":
# "!end_macro" <name> -- end a macro definition.
name = fields[1]
if current_macro[0] == None:
error_in_line(
"Ended macro %s with no corresponding begin" % name)
if current_macro[0] != name:
error_in_line("Ended macro %s after beginning macro %s" %
(name, current_macro[0]))
macros[name] = current_macro[1]
target = qasm.program
current_macro = (None, [])
else:
# <symbol> <weight> -- increment a symbol's point weight.
try:
val = float(fields[1])
except ValueError:
error_in_line(
'Failed to parse "%s %s" as a symbol followed by a numerical weight'
% (fields[0], fields[1]))
target.append(Weight(filename, lineno, fields[0], val))
elif len(fields) == 3:
if fields[1] == "=":
# <symbol_1> = <symbol_2> -- create a chain between <symbol_1> and
# <symbol_2>.
target.append(Chain(filename, lineno, fields[0], fields[2]))
elif fields[1] == ":=":
# <symbol> := <value> -- force symbol <symbol> to have value
# <value>.
try:
goal = str2bool[fields[2].upper()]
except KeyError:
error_in_line(
'Right-hand side ("%s") must be a Boolean value' %
fields[2])
target.append(Pin(filename, lineno, fields[0], goal))
elif fields[1] == "<->":
# <symbol_1> <-> <symbol_2> -- make <symbol_1> an alias of
# <symbol_2>.
target.append(Alias(filename, lineno, fields[0], fields[2]))
elif fields[0] == "!use_macro":
# "!use_macro" <macro_name> <instance_name> -- instantiate
# a macro using <instance_name> as each variable's prefix.
name = fields[1]
try:
target.append(
MacroUse(filename, lineno, name, macros[name],
fields[2] + "."))
except KeyError:
error_in_line("Unknown macro %s" % name)
elif fields[0] == "!alias":
# "!alias" <symbol> <text> -- replace a field of <symbol> with
# <text>.
aliases[fields[1]] = fields[2]
elif is_float(fields[2]):
# <symbol_1> <symbol_2> <strength> -- increment a coupler strength.
try:
strength = float(fields[2])
except ValueError:
error_in_line('Failed to parse "%s" as a number' %
fields[2])
target.append(
Strength(filename, lineno, fields[0], fields[1], strength))
else:
# Three fields but none of the above cases
error_in_line('Cannot parse "%s"' % line)
else:
# Neither two nor three fields
error_in_line('Cannot parse "%s"' % line)