def test_circuit_set_parameters_with_dictionary(backend, accelerators):
"""Check updating parameters of circuit with list."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
c = Circuit(3, accelerators)
c.add(gates.X(0))
c.add(gates.X(2))
c.add(gates.U1(0, theta=0))
c.add(gates.RZ(1, theta=0))
c.add(gates.CZ(1, 2))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 2, theta=0))
c.add(gates.H(2))
c.add(gates.Unitary(np.eye(2), 1))
final_state = c()
params = [0.123, 0.456, 0.789, np.random.random((2, 2))]
target_c = Circuit(3, accelerators)
target_c.add(gates.X(0))
target_c.add(gates.X(2))
target_c.add(gates.U1(0, theta=params[0]))
target_c.add(gates.RZ(1, theta=params[1]))
target_c.add(gates.CZ(1, 2))
target_c.add(gates.CU1(0, 2, theta=params[2]))
target_c.add(gates.H(2))
target_c.add(gates.Unitary(params[3], 1))
param_dict = {c.queue[i]: p for i, p in zip([2, 3, 5, 7], params)}
c.set_parameters(param_dict)
np.testing.assert_allclose(c(), target_c())
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_circuit_set_parameters_with_dictionary(backend, accelerators,
trainable):
"""Check updating parameters of circuit with list."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
params = [0.123, 0.456, 0.789, np.random.random((2, 2))]
c1 = Circuit(3, accelerators)
c1.add(gates.X(0))
c1.add(gates.X(2))
if trainable:
c1.add(gates.U1(0, theta=0, trainable=trainable))
else:
c1.add(gates.U1(0, theta=params[0], trainable=trainable))
c2 = Circuit(3, accelerators)
c2.add(gates.RZ(1, theta=0))
c2.add(gates.CZ(1, 2))
c2.add(gates.CU1(0, 2, theta=0))
c2.add(gates.H(2))
if trainable:
c2.add(gates.Unitary(np.eye(2), 1, trainable=trainable))
else:
c2.add(gates.Unitary(params[3], 1, trainable=trainable))
c = c1 + c2
final_state = c()
target_c = Circuit(3, accelerators)
target_c.add(gates.X(0))
target_c.add(gates.X(2))
target_c.add(gates.U1(0, theta=params[0]))
target_c.add(gates.RZ(1, theta=params[1]))
target_c.add(gates.CZ(1, 2))
target_c.add(gates.CU1(0, 2, theta=params[2]))
target_c.add(gates.H(2))
target_c.add(gates.Unitary(params[3], 1))
if trainable:
params_dict = {c.queue[i]: p for i, p in zip([2, 3, 5, 7], params)}
else:
params_dict = {c.queue[3]: params[1], c.queue[5]: params[2]}
c.set_parameters(params_dict)
np.testing.assert_allclose(c(), target_c())
# test not passing all parametrized gates
target_c = Circuit(3, accelerators)
target_c.add(gates.X(0))
target_c.add(gates.X(2))
target_c.add(gates.U1(0, theta=params[0]))
target_c.add(gates.RZ(1, theta=params[1]))
target_c.add(gates.CZ(1, 2))
target_c.add(gates.CU1(0, 2, theta=0.7891))
target_c.add(gates.H(2))
target_c.add(gates.Unitary(params[3], 1))
c.set_parameters({c.queue[5]: 0.7891})
np.testing.assert_allclose(c(), target_c())
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_copied_circuit_execution(backend, accelerators, deep):
"""Check that circuit copy execution is equivalent to original circuit."""
theta = 0.1234
c1 = Circuit(4, accelerators)
c1.add([gates.X(0), gates.X(1), gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)])
c1.add([gates.H(2), gates.H(3), gates.CU1(2, 3, theta)])
if not deep and accelerators is not None:
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
c2 = c1.copy(deep)
else:
c2 = c1.copy(deep)
K.assert_allclose(c2(), c1())
def test_circuit_vs_gate_execution(backend, compile):
"""Check consistency between executing circuit and stand alone gates."""
from qibo import K
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
target_c = Circuit(2)
target_c.add(gates.X(0))
target_c.add(gates.X(1))
target_c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
target_result = target_c()
# custom circuit
def custom_circuit(initial_state, theta):
l1 = gates.X(0)(initial_state)
l2 = gates.X(1)(l1)
o = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)(l2)
return o
initial_state = target_c.get_initial_state()
if compile:
c = K.compile(custom_circuit)
else:
c = custom_circuit
if backend == "custom" and compile:
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
result = c(initial_state, theta)
else:
result = c(initial_state, theta)
np.testing.assert_allclose(result, target_result)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def _DistributedQFT(nqubits: int,
accelerators: Optional[Dict[str, int]] = None,
memory_device: str = "/CPU:0") -> DistributedCircuit:
"""QFT with the order of gates optimized for reduced multi-device communication."""
import numpy as np
from qibo import gates
circuit = Circuit(nqubits, accelerators, memory_device)
icrit = nqubits // 2 + nqubits % 2
if accelerators is not None:
circuit.global_qubits = range(circuit.nlocal, nqubits)
if icrit < circuit.nglobal:
raise_error(
NotImplementedError, "Cannot implement QFT for {} qubits "
"using {} global qubits."
"".format(nqubits, circuit.nglobal))
for i1 in range(nqubits):
if i1 < icrit:
i1eff = i1
else:
i1eff = nqubits - i1 - 1
circuit.add(gates.SWAP(i1, i1eff))
circuit.add(gates.H(i1eff))
for i2 in range(i1 + 1, nqubits):
theta = np.pi / 2**(i2 - i1)
circuit.add(gates.CU1(i2, i1eff, theta))
return circuit
def _DistributedQFT(nqubits, accelerators=None):
"""QFT with the order of gates optimized for reduced multi-device communication."""
from qibo import gates
circuit = Circuit(nqubits, accelerators)
icrit = nqubits // 2 + nqubits % 2
if accelerators is not None:
circuit.global_qubits = range(circuit.nlocal, nqubits) # pylint: disable=E1101
if icrit < circuit.nglobal: # pylint: disable=E1101
raise_error(NotImplementedError, "Cannot implement QFT for {} qubits "
"using {} global qubits."
"".format(nqubits, circuit.nglobal)) # pylint: disable=E1101
for i1 in range(nqubits):
if i1 < icrit:
i1eff = i1
else:
i1eff = nqubits - i1 - 1
circuit.add(gates.SWAP(i1, i1eff))
circuit.add(gates.H(i1eff))
for i2 in range(i1 + 1, nqubits):
theta = math.pi / 2 ** (i2 - i1)
circuit.add(gates.CU1(i2, i1eff, theta))
return circuit
def test_circuit_vs_gate_execution(backend, compile):
"""Check consistency between executing circuit and stand alone gates."""
from qibo import K
theta = 0.1234
target_c = Circuit(2)
target_c.add(gates.X(0))
target_c.add(gates.X(1))
target_c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
target_result = target_c()
# custom circuit
def custom_circuit(initial_state, theta):
l1 = gates.X(0)(initial_state)
l2 = gates.X(1)(l1)
o = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)(l2)
return o
initial_state = target_c.get_initial_state()
if compile:
c = K.compile(custom_circuit)
else:
c = custom_circuit
result = c(initial_state, theta)
K.assert_allclose(result, target_result)
def test_cu1_cirq():
c1 = Circuit(2)
c1.add(gates.RX(0, 0.1234))
c1.add(gates.RZ(1, 0.4321))
c1.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, 0.567))
# catches unknown gate "cu1"
with pytest.raises(exception.QasmException):
c2 = circuit_from_qasm(c1.to_qasm())
def QFT(nqubits: int,
with_swaps: bool = True,
accelerators: Optional[Dict[str, int]] = None,
memory_device: str = "/CPU:0") -> Circuit:
"""Creates a circuit that implements the Quantum Fourier Transform.
Args:
nqubits (int): Number of qubits in the circuit.
with_swaps (bool): Use SWAP gates at the end of the circuit so that the
qubit order in the final state is the same as the initial state.
accelerators (dict): Accelerator device dictionary in order to use a
distributed circuit
If ``None`` a simple (non-distributed) circuit will be used.
memory_device (str): Device to use for memory in case a distributed circuit
is used. Ignored for non-distributed circuits.
Returns:
A qibo.models.Circuit that implements the Quantum Fourier Transform.
Example:
::
import numpy as np
from qibo.models import QFT
nqubits = 6
c = QFT(nqubits)
# Random normalized initial state vector
init_state = np.random.random(2 ** nqubits) + 1j * np.random.random(2 ** nqubits)
init_state = init_state / np.sqrt((np.abs(init_state)**2).sum())
# Execute the circuit
final_state = c(init_state)
"""
if accelerators is not None:
if not with_swaps:
raise_error(NotImplementedError,
"Distributed QFT is only implemented "
"with SWAPs.")
return _DistributedQFT(nqubits, accelerators, memory_device)
import numpy as np
from qibo import gates
circuit = Circuit(nqubits)
for i1 in range(nqubits):
circuit.add(gates.H(i1))
for i2 in range(i1 + 1, nqubits):
theta = np.pi / 2**(i2 - i1)
circuit.add(gates.CU1(i2, i1, theta))
if with_swaps:
for i in range(nqubits // 2):
circuit.add(gates.SWAP(i, nqubits - i - 1))
return circuit
def test_construct_unitary(backend):
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 1], [1, -1]]) / np.sqrt(2)
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.H(0).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.X(0).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[0, -1j], [1j, 0]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.Y(0).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 0], [0, -1]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.Z(1).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1],
[0, 0, 1, 0]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.CNOT(0, 1).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.diag([1, 1, 1, -1])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.CZ(1, 3).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.SWAP(2, 4).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0], [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
0], [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.TOFFOLI(1, 2, 3).unitary, target_matrix)
theta = 0.1234
target_matrix = np.array([[np.cos(theta / 2.0), -1j * np.sin(theta / 2.0)],
[-1j * np.sin(theta / 2.0),
np.cos(theta / 2.0)]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.RX(0, theta).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.array([[np.cos(theta / 2.0), -np.sin(theta / 2.0)],
[np.sin(theta / 2.0),
np.cos(theta / 2.0)]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.RY(0, theta).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.diag(
[np.exp(-1j * theta / 2.0),
np.exp(1j * theta / 2.0)])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.RZ(0, theta).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.diag([1, np.exp(1j * theta)])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.U1(0, theta).unitary, target_matrix)
target_matrix = np.diag([1, 1, 1, np.exp(1j * theta)])
np.testing.assert_allclose(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta).unitary, target_matrix)
from qibo import matrices
target_matrix = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(matrices.SWAP, target_matrix)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_cu1():
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.RX(0, 0.1234))
c.add(gates.RZ(1, 0.4321))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, 0.567))
target = f"""// Generated by QIBO {__version__}
OPENQASM 2.0;
include "qelib1.inc";
qreg q[2];
rx(0.1234) q[0];
rz(0.4321) q[1];
cu1(0.567) q[0],q[1];"""
assert_strings_equal(c.to_qasm(), target)
def test_two_qubit_parametrized_gates(backend, nqubits, ndevices):
"""Check ``CU1`` and ``fSim`` gate."""
theta = 0.1234
phi = 0.4321
targets = random_active_qubits(nqubits, nactive=2)
qibo_gate = gates.CU1(*targets, np.pi * theta)
cirq_gate = [(cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=theta), targets)]
assert_gates_equivalent(qibo_gate, cirq_gate, nqubits)
targets = random_active_qubits(nqubits, nactive=2)
qibo_gate = gates.fSim(*targets, theta, phi)
cirq_gate = [(cirq.FSimGate(theta=theta, phi=phi), targets)]
assert_gates_equivalent(qibo_gate, cirq_gate, nqubits, ndevices)
def test_cu1gate_application_twoqubit(backend):
"""Check applying two qubit gate to three qubit density matrix."""
theta = 0.1234
nqubits = 3
initial_rho = random_density_matrix(nqubits)
gate = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta=theta)
gate.density_matrix = True
final_rho = gate(np.copy(initial_rho))
matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=np.complex128)
matrix[3, 3] = np.exp(1j * theta)
matrix = np.kron(matrix, np.eye(2))
target_rho = matrix.dot(initial_rho).dot(matrix.T.conj())
K.assert_allclose(final_rho, target_rho)
def i_qft(q):
"""(Inverse) Quantum Fourier Transform on a quantum register.
Args:
q (list): quantum register where the QFT is applied.
Returns:
generator with the required quantum gates applied on the quantum circuit.
"""
for i in range(len(q) // 2):
yield gates.SWAP(i, len(q) - i - 1)
for i1 in reversed(range(len(q))):
for i2 in reversed(range(i1 + 1, len(q))):
theta = np.pi / 2 ** (i2 - i1)
yield gates.CU1(q[i2], q[i1], -theta)
yield gates.H(q[i1])
def test_from_qasm_parametrized_gates():
import numpy as np
target = """OPENQASM 2.0;
qreg q[2];
rx(0.1234) q[0];
rz(0.4321) q[1];
cu1(0.567) q[0],q[1];"""
c = Circuit.from_qasm(target)
assert c.depth == 2
assert isinstance(c.queue[0], gates.RX)
assert isinstance(c.queue[1], gates.RZ)
assert isinstance(c.queue[2], gates.CU1)
c2 = Circuit(2)
c2.add([gates.RX(0, 0.1234), gates.RZ(1, 0.4321), gates.CU1(0, 1, 0.567)])
np.testing.assert_allclose(c2().numpy(), c().numpy())
def SupremacyLikeCircuit(nqubits: int, nlayers: int):
one_qubit_gates = ["RX", "RY", "RZ"]
d = 1
for l in range(nlayers):
for i in range(nqubits):
gate = getattr(gates, one_qubit_gates[int(np.random.randint(0, len(one_qubit_gates)))])
yield gate(i, np.pi / 2.0)
for i in range(nqubits):
yield gates.CU1(i, (i + d) % nqubits, np.pi / 6.0)
d += 1
if d > nqubits - 1:
d = 1
for i in range(nqubits):
gate = getattr(gates, one_qubit_gates[int(np.random.randint(0, len(one_qubit_gates)))])
yield gate(i, np.pi / 2.0)
yield gates.M(i)
def test_circuit_copy(backend, accelerators, deep):
"""Check that circuit copy execution is equivalent to original circuit."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
c1 = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c1.add([gates.X(0), gates.X(1), gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)])
if not deep and accelerators is not None:
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
c2 = c1.copy(deep)
else:
c2 = c1.copy(deep)
target_state = c1.execute().numpy()
final_state = c2.execute().numpy()
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_cu1(backend, accelerators):
"""Check CU1 gate is working properly on |11>."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
c = Circuit(2, accelerators)
c.add(gates.X(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
final_state = c.execute().numpy()
phase = np.exp(1j * theta)
target_state = np.zeros_like(final_state)
target_state[3] = phase
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_state, target_state)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_cu1gate_application_twoqubit(backend):
"""Check applying two qubit gate to three qubit density matrix."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
nqubits = 3
initial_rho = random_density_matrix(nqubits)
gate = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta=theta)
final_rho = gate(initial_rho.reshape(2 * nqubits * (2,)),
is_density_matrix=True).numpy().reshape(initial_rho.shape)
matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=np.complex128)
matrix[3, 3] = np.exp(1j * theta)
matrix = np.kron(matrix, np.eye(2))
target_rho = matrix.dot(initial_rho).dot(matrix.T.conj())
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_rho, target_rho)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_circuit(backend):
"""Check passing density matrix as initial state to circuit."""
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
initial_rho = random_density_matrix(3)
c = models.Circuit(3)
c.add(gates.X(2))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta=theta))
final_rho = c(initial_rho).numpy().reshape(initial_rho.shape)
m1 = np.kron(np.eye(4), np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]]))
m2 = np.eye(4, dtype=np.complex128)
m2[3, 3] = np.exp(1j * theta)
m2 = np.kron(m2, np.eye(2))
target_rho = m1.dot(initial_rho).dot(m1)
target_rho = m2.dot(target_rho).dot(m2.T.conj())
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_rho, target_rho)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def test_ugates():
c = Circuit(3)
c.add(gates.RX(0, 0.1))
c.add(gates.RZ(1, 0.4))
c.add(gates.U2(2, 0.5, 0.6))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, 0.7))
c.add(gates.CU3(2, 1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4))
target = f"""// Generated by QIBO {__version__}
OPENQASM 2.0;
include "qelib1.inc";
qreg q[3];
rx(0.1) q[0];
rz(0.4) q[1];
u2(0.5, 0.6) q[2];
cu1(0.7) q[0],q[1];
cu3(0.2, 0.3, 0.4) q[2],q[1];"""
assert_strings_equal(c.to_qasm(), target)
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.CU2(0, 1, 0.1, 0.2))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
target = c.to_qasm()
def test_custom_circuit(backend):
"""Check consistency between Circuit and custom circuits"""
import tensorflow as tf
original_backend = qibo.get_backend()
qibo.set_backend(backend)
theta = 0.1234
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.X(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
r1 = c.execute().numpy()
# custom circuit
def custom_circuit(initial_state, theta):
l1 = gates.X(0)(initial_state)
l2 = gates.X(1)(l1)
o = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)(l2)
return o
init2 = c._default_initial_state()
init3 = c._default_initial_state()
if backend != "custom":
init2 = tf.reshape(init2, (2, 2))
init3 = tf.reshape(init3, (2, 2))
r2 = custom_circuit(init2, theta).numpy().ravel()
np.testing.assert_allclose(r1, r2)
tf_custom_circuit = tf.function(custom_circuit)
if backend == "custom":
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
r3 = tf_custom_circuit(init3, theta).numpy().ravel()
else:
r3 = tf_custom_circuit(init3, theta).numpy().ravel()
np.testing.assert_allclose(r2, r3)
qibo.set_backend(original_backend)
def create_circuit(theta = 0.1234):
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.X(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
return c
def run_circuit(initial_state):
c = Circuit(2)
c.add(gates.X(0))
c.add(gates.X(1))
c.add(gates.CU1(0, 1, theta))
return c.execute(initial_state)
def ansatz_Fourier(layers, qubits=1):
"""Fourier Ansatz implementation. It is composed by 3 parameters per layer
and qubit: U3(a, b, c) Ry(x) || U3(a, b, c) Ry(log x).
Args:
layers (int): number of layers.
qubits (int): number of qubits.
Returns:
The circuit, the rotation function and the total number of parameters.
"""
circuit = Circuit(qubits)
for l in range(layers - 1):
for q in range(qubits):
for _ in range(2):
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RZ(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
if qubits > 1:
for q in range(0, qubits, 2):
circuit.add(gates.CU1(q, q + 1, theta=0))
if qubits > 2:
for q in range(1, qubits + 1, 2):
circuit.add(gates.CU1(q, (q + 1) % qubits, theta=0))
for q in range(qubits):
for _ in range(2):
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RZ(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
def rotation(theta, x):
p = circuit.get_parameters()
i = 0
j = 0
for l in range(layers - 1):
for q in range(qubits):
p[i] = map_to(x)
p[i + 1:i + 3] = theta[j:j + 2]
i += 3
j += 2
p[i] = .5 * maplog_to(x)
p[i + 1:i + 3] = theta[j:j + 2]
i += 3
j += 2
if qubits > 1:
for q in range(0, qubits, 2):
p[i] = theta[j]
i += 1
j += 1
if qubits > 2:
for q in range(1, qubits + 1, 2):
p[i] = theta[j]
i += 1
j += 1
for q in range(qubits):
p[i] = .5 * map_to(x)
p[i + 1:i + 3] = theta[j:j + 2]
i += 3
j += 2
p[i] = .5 * maplog_to(x)
p[i + 1:i + 3] = theta[j:j + 2]
i += 3
j += 2
return p
nparams = 4 * layers * qubits + \
(layers - 1) * int(K.np.ceil(qubits / 2)) * \
(int(qubits > 1) + int(qubits > 2))
return circuit, rotation, nparams
def ansatz_Weighted(layers, qubits=1):
"""Fourier Ansatz implementation. 4 parameters per layer and
qubit: Ry(wx + a), Rz(v log(x) + b)
Args:
layers (int): number of layers.
qubits (int): number of qubits.
Returns:
The circuit, the rotation function and the total number of
parameters.
"""
circuit = Circuit(qubits)
for _ in range(layers - 1):
for q in range(qubits):
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RZ(q, theta=0))
if qubits > 1:
for q in range(0, qubits, 2):
circuit.add(gates.CU1(q, (q + 1) % qubits, theta=0))
if qubits > 2:
for q in range(1, qubits + 1, 2):
circuit.add(gates.CU1(q, (q + 1) % qubits, theta=0))
for q in range(qubits):
circuit.add(gates.RY(q, theta=0))
circuit.add(gates.RZ(q, theta=0))
def rotation(theta, x):
p = circuit.get_parameters()
i = 0
j = 0
for l in range(layers - 1):
for q in range(qubits):
p[i] = theta[j] + theta[j + 1] * map_to(x)
p[i + 1] = theta[j + 2] + theta[j + 3] * maplog_to(x)
i += 2
j += 4
if qubits > 1:
for q in range(0, qubits, 2):
p[i] = theta[j]
i += 1
j += 1
if qubits > 2:
for q in range(1, qubits + 1, 2):
p[i] = theta[j]
i += 1
j += 1
for q in range(qubits):
p[i] = theta[j] + theta[j + 1] * map_to(x)
p[i + 1] = theta[j + 2] + theta[j + 3] * maplog_to(x)
i += 2
j += 4
return p
nparams = 4 * layers * qubits + \
(layers - 1) * int(K.np.ceil(qubits / 2)) * \
(int(qubits > 1) + int(qubits > 2))
return circuit, rotation, nparams
def custom_circuit(initial_state, theta):
l1 = gates.X(0)(initial_state)
l2 = gates.X(1)(l1)
o = gates.CU1(0, 1, theta)(l2)
return o