def simplify_U(theta, phi, lam):
"""Return the gate u1, u2, or u3 implementing U with the fewest pulses.
The returned gate implements U exactly, not up to a global phase.
Args:
theta, phi, lam: input Euler rotation angles for a general U gate
Returns:
Gate: one of IdGate, U1Gate, U2Gate, U3Gate.
"""
gate = U3Gate(theta, phi, lam)
# Y rotation is 0 mod 2*pi, so the gate is a u1
if abs(gate.params[0] % (2.0 * math.pi)) < _CUTOFF_PRECISION:
gate = U1Gate(gate.params[0] + gate.params[1] + gate.params[2])
# Y rotation is pi/2 or -pi/2 mod 2*pi, so the gate is a u2
if isinstance(gate, U3Gate):
# theta = pi/2 + 2*k*pi
if abs((gate.params[0] - math.pi / 2) % (2.0 * math.pi)) < _CUTOFF_PRECISION:
gate = U2Gate(gate.params[1],
gate.params[2] + (gate.params[0] - math.pi / 2))
# theta = -pi/2 + 2*k*pi
if abs((gate.params[0] + math.pi / 2) % (2.0 * math.pi)) < _CUTOFF_PRECISION:
gate = U2Gate(gate.params[1] + math.pi,
gate.params[2] - math.pi + (gate.params[0] + math.pi / 2))
# u1 and lambda is 0 mod 4*pi so gate is nop
if isinstance(gate, U1Gate) and abs(gate.params[0] % (4.0 * math.pi)) < _CUTOFF_PRECISION:
gate = IdGate()
return gate
def test_multi_controlled_u1_matrix(self, num_controls):
"""Test the matrix representation of the multi-controlled CU1 gate.
Based on the test moved here from Aqua:
https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aqua/blob/769ca8f/test/aqua/test_mcu1.py
"""
# registers for the circuit
q_controls = QuantumRegister(num_controls)
q_target = QuantumRegister(1)
# iterate over all possible combinations of control qubits
for ctrl_state in range(2 ** num_controls):
bitstr = bin(ctrl_state)[2:].zfill(num_controls)[::-1]
lam = 0.3165354 * pi
qc = QuantumCircuit(q_controls, q_target)
for idx, bit in enumerate(bitstr):
if bit == '0':
qc.x(q_controls[idx])
qc.mcu1(lam, q_controls, q_target[0])
# for idx in subset:
for idx, bit in enumerate(bitstr):
if bit == '0':
qc.x(q_controls[idx])
backend = BasicAer.get_backend('unitary_simulator')
simulated = execute(qc, backend).result().get_unitary(qc)
base = U1Gate(lam).to_matrix()
expected = _compute_control_matrix(base, num_controls, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
with self.subTest(msg='control state = {}'.format(ctrl_state)):
self.assertTrue(matrix_equal(simulated, expected))
def test_multi_controlled_rotation_gate_matrices(self, num_controls,
base_gate_name,
use_basis_gates):
"""Test the multi controlled rotation gates without ancillas.
Based on the test moved here from Aqua:
https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aqua/blob/769ca8f/test/aqua/test_mcr.py
"""
q_controls = QuantumRegister(num_controls)
q_target = QuantumRegister(1)
# iterate over all possible combinations of control qubits
for ctrl_state in range(2**num_controls):
bitstr = bin(ctrl_state)[2:].zfill(num_controls)[::-1]
theta = 0.871236 * pi
qc = QuantumCircuit(q_controls, q_target)
for idx, bit in enumerate(bitstr):
if bit == '0':
qc.x(q_controls[idx])
# call mcrx/mcry/mcrz
if base_gate_name == 'y':
qc.mcry(theta,
q_controls,
q_target[0],
None,
mode='noancilla',
use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates)
else: # case 'x' or 'z' only support the noancilla mode and do not have this keyword
getattr(qc, 'mcr' + base_gate_name)(
theta,
q_controls,
q_target[0],
use_basis_gates=use_basis_gates)
for idx, bit in enumerate(bitstr):
if bit == '0':
qc.x(q_controls[idx])
backend = BasicAer.get_backend('unitary_simulator')
simulated = execute(qc, backend).result().get_unitary(qc)
if base_gate_name == 'x':
rot_mat = RXGate(theta).to_matrix()
elif base_gate_name == 'y':
rot_mat = RYGate(theta).to_matrix()
else: # case 'z'
rot_mat = U1Gate(theta).to_matrix()
expected = _compute_control_matrix(rot_mat,
num_controls,
ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
with self.subTest(msg='control state = {}'.format(ctrl_state)):
self.assertTrue(matrix_equal(simulated, expected))
def _define(self):
definition = []
# No controls:
# q = b
# One Control:
# q = b, c1
# Two Controls:
# q = c1, c2, b
q = QuantumRegister(self.total_n, "q")
rule = []
angles = [0] * self.n
for i in range(self.n):
if self.a & (1 << i):
for j in range(i, self.n):
angles[j] += np.pi / 2**(j - i)
# Inverse of U1 gates is just a negative theta
if self._inverse:
for i in range(len(angles)):
angles[i] *= -1
# No controlled bits
if self.c1 is None and self.c2 is None:
for i in range(len(angles)):
rule.append((U1Gate(angles[i]), [q[i]], []))
# One controlled bit
if self.c1 and self.c2 is None:
for i in range(len(angles)):
rule.append((Cu1Gate(angles[i]), [q[self.total_n - 1],
q[i]], []))
# Two controlled bits
# Uses sqrt of U1 gates which is just half of theta
if self.c1 and self.c2:
for i in range(len(angles)):
rule.append((Cu1Gate(angles[i] / 2.), [q[1], q[i + 2]], []))
# circ.cu1(angles[i]/2., c2, b[i])
rule.append((CnotGate(), [q[0], q[1]], []))
# circ.cx(c1, c2)
for i in range(len(angles)):
rule.append((Cu1Gate(-angles[i] / 2.), [q[1], q[i + 2]], []))
# circ.cu1(-angles[i]/2., c2, b[i])
rule.append((CnotGate(), [q[0], q[1]], []))
# circ.cx(c1, c2)
for i in range(len(angles)):
rule.append((Cu1Gate(angles[i] / 2.), [q[0], q[i + 2]], []))
# circ.cu1(angles[i]/2., c1, b[i])
for inst in rule:
definition.append(inst)
self.definition = definition
def _circuit_u1x(theta, phi, lam, simplify=True, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
# Shift theta and phi so decomposition is
# U1(phi).X90.U1(theta).X90.U1(lam)
theta += np.pi
phi += np.pi
# Check for decomposition into minimimal number required X90 pulses
if simplify and np.isclose(abs(theta), np.pi, atol=atol):
# Zero X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam + phi + theta), [0])
return circuit
if simplify and np.isclose(abs(theta), np.pi / 2, atol=atol):
# Single X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam + theta), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(phi + theta), [0])
return circuit
# General two-X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(theta), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(phi), [0])
return circuit
class TestParameterCtrlState(QiskitTestCase):
"""Test gate equality with ctrl_state parameter."""
@data((RXGate(0.5), CRXGate(0.5)), (RYGate(0.5), CRYGate(0.5)),
(RZGate(0.5), CRZGate(0.5)), (XGate(), CXGate()),
(YGate(), CYGate()), (ZGate(), CZGate()),
(U1Gate(0.5), CU1Gate(0.5)), (SwapGate(), CSwapGate()),
(HGate(), CHGate()), (U3Gate(0.1, 0.2, 0.3), CU3Gate(0.1, 0.2, 0.3)))
@unpack
def test_ctrl_state_one(self, gate, controlled_gate):
"""Test controlled gates with ctrl_state
See https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-terra/pull/4025
"""
self.assertEqual(gate.control(1, ctrl_state='1'), controlled_gate)
def _circuit_u1x(theta, phi, lam, simplify=True, atol=DEFAULT_ATOL):
# Check for U1 and U2 decompositions into minimimal
# required X90 pulses
if simplify and np.allclose([theta, phi], [0., 0.], atol=atol):
# zero X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam), [0])
return circuit
if simplify and np.isclose(theta, np.pi / 2, atol=atol):
# single X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam - np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(phi + np.pi / 2), [0])
return circuit
# General two-X90 gate decomposition
circuit = QuantumCircuit(1)
circuit.append(U1Gate(lam), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(theta + np.pi), [0])
circuit.append(RXGate(np.pi / 2), [0])
circuit.append(U1Gate(phi + np.pi), [0])
return circuit
def test_controlled_u1(self):
"""Test creation of controlled u1 gate"""
theta = 0.5
self.assertEqual(U1Gate(theta).control(), Cu1Gate(theta))
def test_controlled_u1(self):
"""Test the creation of a controlled U1 gate."""
theta = 0.5
self.assertEqual(U1Gate(theta).control(), CU1Gate(theta))