def smesolve_generic(H, rho0, tlist, c_ops, e_ops, rhs, d1, d2, ntraj, nsubsteps):
"""
internal
.. note::
Experimental.
"""
if debug: print inspect.stack()[0][3]
N_store = len(tlist)
N_substeps = nsubsteps
N = N_store * N_substeps
dt = (tlist[1]-tlist[0]) / N_substeps
print("N = %d. dt=%.2e" % (N, dt))
data = Odedata()
data.expect = np.zeros((len(e_ops), N_store), dtype=complex)
# pre-compute collapse operator combinations that are commonly needed
# when evaluating the RHS of stochastic master equations
A_ops = []
for c_idx, c in enumerate(c_ops):
# xxx: precompute useful operator expressions...
cdc = c.dag() * c
Ldt = spre(c) * spost(c.dag()) - 0.5 * spre(cdc) - 0.5 * spost(cdc)
LdW = spre(c) + spost(c.dag())
Lm = spre(c) + spost(c.dag()) # currently same as LdW
A_ops.append([Ldt.data, LdW.data, Lm.data])
# Liouvillian for the unitary part
L = -1.0j*(spre(H) - spost(H)) # XXX: should we split the ME in stochastic
# and deterministic collapse operators here?
progress_acc = 0.0
for n in range(ntraj):
if debug and (100 * float(n)/ntraj) >= progress_acc:
print("Progress: %.2f" % (100 * float(n)/ntraj))
progress_acc += 10.0
rho_t = mat2vec(rho0.full())
states_list = _smesolve_single_trajectory(L, dt, tlist, N_store, N_substeps,
rho_t, A_ops, e_ops, data, rhs, d1, d2)
# if average -> average...
data.states.append(states_list)
# average
data.expect = data.expect/ntraj
return data
def brmesolve(H, psi0, tlist, c_ops, e_ops=[], spectra_cb=[], args={}, options=Odeoptions()):
"""
Solve the dynamics for the system using the Bloch-Redfeild master equation.
.. note::
This solver does not currently support time-dependent Hamiltonian or
collapse operators.
Parameters
----------
H : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
System Hamiltonian.
rho0 / psi0: :class:`qutip.Qobj`
Initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
tlist : *list* / *array*
List of times for :math:`t`.
c_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj`
List of collapse operators.
expt_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj` / callback function
List of operators for which to evaluate expectation values.
args : *dictionary*
Dictionary of parameters for time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse
operators.
options : :class:`qutip.Qdeoptions`
Options for the ODE solver.
Returns
-------
output: :class:`qutip.Odedata`
An instance of the class :class:`qutip.Odedata`, which contains either
an *array* of expectation values for the times specified by `tlist`.
"""
if len(spectra_cb) == 0:
for n in range(len(c_ops)):
spectra_cb.append(lambda w: 1.0) # add white noise callbacks if absent
R, ekets = bloch_redfield_tensor(H, c_ops, spectra_cb)
output = Odedata()
output.times = tlist
output.expect = bloch_redfield_solve(R, ekets, psi0, tlist, e_ops, options)
return output
def ssesolve_generic(H, psi0, tlist, c_ops, e_ops, rhs, d1, d2, ntraj,
nsubsteps):
"""
internal
.. note::
Experimental.
"""
if debug: print inspect.stack()[0][3]
N_store = len(tlist)
N_substeps = nsubsteps
N = N_store * N_substeps
dt = (tlist[1] - tlist[0]) / N_substeps
print("N = %d. dt=%.2e" % (N, dt))
data = Odedata()
data.expect = np.zeros((len(e_ops), N_store), dtype=complex)
# pre-compute collapse operator combinations that are commonly needed
# when evaluating the RHS of stochastic Schrodinger equations
A_ops = []
for c_idx, c in enumerate(c_ops):
A_ops.append([c.data, (c + c.dag()).data, (c.dag() * c).data])
progress_acc = 0.0
for n in range(ntraj):
if debug and (100 * float(n) / ntraj) >= progress_acc:
print("Progress: %.2f" % (100 * float(n) / ntraj))
progress_acc += 10.0
psi_t = psi0.full()
states_list = _ssesolve_single_trajectory(H, dt, tlist, N_store,
N_substeps, psi_t, A_ops,
e_ops, data, rhs, d1, d2)
# if average -> average...
data.states.append(states_list)
# average
data.expect = data.expect / ntraj
return data
def ssesolve_generic(H, psi0, tlist, c_ops, e_ops, rhs, d1, d2, ntraj, nsubsteps):
"""
internal
.. note::
Experimental.
"""
if debug: print inspect.stack()[0][3]
N_store = len(tlist)
N_substeps = nsubsteps
N = N_store * N_substeps
dt = (tlist[1]-tlist[0]) / N_substeps
print("N = %d. dt=%.2e" % (N, dt))
data = Odedata()
data.expect = np.zeros((len(e_ops), N_store), dtype=complex)
# pre-compute collapse operator combinations that are commonly needed
# when evaluating the RHS of stochastic Schrodinger equations
A_ops = []
for c_idx, c in enumerate(c_ops):
A_ops.append([c.data, (c+c.dag()).data, (c.dag()*c).data])
progress_acc = 0.0
for n in range(ntraj):
if debug and (100 * float(n)/ntraj) >= progress_acc:
print("Progress: %.2f" % (100 * float(n)/ntraj))
progress_acc += 10.0
psi_t = psi0.full()
states_list = _ssesolve_single_trajectory(H, dt, tlist, N_store, N_substeps, psi_t, A_ops, e_ops, data, rhs, d1, d2)
# if average -> average...
data.states.append(states_list)
# average
data.expect = data.expect/ntraj
return data
def brmesolve(H,
psi0,
tlist,
c_ops,
e_ops=[],
spectra_cb=[],
args={},
options=Odeoptions()):
"""
Solve the dynamics for the system using the Bloch-Redfeild master equation.
.. note::
This solver does not currently support time-dependent Hamiltonian or
collapse operators.
Parameters
----------
H : :class:`qutip.Qobj`
system Hamiltonian.
rho0 / psi0: :class:`qutip.Qobj`
initial density matrix or state vector (ket).
tlist : *list* / *array*
list of times for :math:`t`.
c_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj`
list of collapse operators.
expt_ops : list of :class:`qutip.Qobj` / callback function
list of operators for which to evaluate expectation values.
args : *dictionary*
dictionary of parameters for time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse operators.
options : :class:`qutip.Qdeoptions`
with options for the ODE solver.
Returns
-------
output: :class:`qutip.Odedata`
An instance of the class :class:`qutip.Odedata`, which contains either
an *array* of expectation values for the times specified by `tlist`.
"""
if len(spectra_cb) == 0:
for n in range(len(c_ops)):
spectra_cb.append(
lambda w: 1.0) # add white noise callbacks if absent
R, ekets = bloch_redfield_tensor(H, c_ops, spectra_cb)
output = Odedata()
output.times = tlist
output.expect = bloch_redfield_solve(R, ekets, psi0, tlist, e_ops, options)
return output
def _generic_ode_solve(r, psi0, tlist, expt_ops, opt, state_vectorize, state_norm_func=None):
"""
Internal function for solving ODEs.
"""
#
# prepare output array
#
n_tsteps = len(tlist)
dt = tlist[1]-tlist[0]
output = Odedata()
output.solver = "mesolve"
output.times = tlist
if isinstance(expt_ops, types.FunctionType):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
elif isinstance(expt_ops, list):
n_expt_op = len(expt_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states = []
else:
output.expect = []
output.num_expect = n_expt_op
for op in expt_ops:
if op.isherm and psi0.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps,dtype=complex))
else:
raise TypeError("Expectation parameter must be a list or a function")
#
# start evolution
#
psi = Qobj(psi0)
t_idx = 0
for t in tlist:
if not r.successful():
break;
if state_norm_func:
psi.data = state_vectorize(r.y)
state_norm = state_norm_func(psi.data)
psi.data = psi.data / state_norm
r.set_initial_value(r.y/state_norm, r.t)
else:
psi.data = state_vectorize(r.y)
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
expt_ops(t, Qobj(psi))
else:
# calculate all the expectation values, or output rho if no operators
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states.append(Qobj(psi)) # copy psi/rho
else:
for m in range(0, n_expt_op):
output.expect[m][t_idx] = expect(expt_ops[m], psi)
r.integrate(r.t + dt)
t_idx += 1
if not opt.rhs_reuse and odeconfig.tdname != None:
try:
os.remove(odeconfig.tdname+".pyx")
except:
pass
return output
def floquet_markov_mesolve(R, ekets, rho0, tlist, e_ops, options=None):
"""
Solve the dynamics for the system using the Floquet-Markov master equation.
"""
if options == None:
opt = Odeoptions()
else:
opt=options
if opt.tidy:
R.tidyup()
#
# check initial state
#
if isket(rho0):
# Got a wave function as initial state: convert to density matrix.
rho0 = ket2dm(rho0)
#
# prepare output array
#
n_tsteps = len(tlist)
dt = tlist[1]-tlist[0]
output = Odedata()
output.times = tlist
if isinstance(e_ops, FunctionType):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
elif isinstance(e_ops, list):
n_expt_op = len(e_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states = []
else:
output.expect = []
output.num_expect = n_expt_op
for op in e_ops:
if op.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps,dtype=complex))
else:
raise TypeError("Expectation parameter must be a list or a function")
#
# transform the initial density matrix and the e_ops opterators to the
# eigenbasis: from computational basis to the floquet basis
#
if ekets != None:
rho0 = rho0.transform(ekets, True)
if isinstance(e_ops, list):
for n in np.arange(len(e_ops)): # not working
e_ops[n] = e_ops[n].transform(ekets) #
#
# setup integrator
#
initial_vector = mat2vec(rho0.full())
r = scipy.integrate.ode(cyq_ode_rhs)
r.set_f_params(R.data.data, R.data.indices, R.data.indptr)
r.set_integrator('zvode', method=opt.method, order=opt.order,
atol=opt.atol, rtol=opt.rtol,
max_step=opt.max_step)
r.set_initial_value(initial_vector, tlist[0])
#
# start evolution
#
rho = Qobj(rho0)
t_idx = 0
for t in tlist:
if not r.successful():
break;
rho.data = vec2mat(r.y)
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
e_ops(t, Qobj(rho))
else:
# calculate all the expectation values, or output rho if no operators
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states.append(Qobj(rho)) # copy psi/rho
else:
for m in range(0, n_expt_op):
output.expect[m][t_idx] = expect(e_ops[m], rho) # basis OK?
r.integrate(r.t + dt)
t_idx += 1
return output
def mcsolve(H,psi0,tlist,c_ops,e_ops,ntraj=500,args={},options=Odeoptions()):
"""Monte-Carlo evolution of a state vector :math:`|\psi \\rangle` for a given
Hamiltonian and sets of collapse operators, and possibly, operators
for calculating expectation values. Options for the underlying ODE solver are
given by the Odeoptions class.
mcsolve supports time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse operators using either
Python functions of strings to represent time-dependent coefficients. Note that,
the system Hamiltonian MUST have at least one constant term.
As an example of a time-dependent problem, consider a Hamiltonian with two terms ``H0``
and ``H1``, where ``H1`` is time-dependent with coefficient ``sin(w*t)``, and collapse operators
``C0`` and ``C1``, where ``C1`` is time-dependent with coeffcient ``exp(-a*t)``. Here, w and a are
constant arguments with values ``W`` and ``A``.
Using the Python function time-dependent format requires two Python functions,
one for each collapse coefficient. Therefore, this problem could be expressed as::
def H1_coeff(t,args):
return sin(args['w']*t)
def C1_coeff(t,args):
return exp(-args['a']*t)
H=[H0,[H1,H1_coeff]]
c_op_list=[C0,[C1,C1_coeff]]
args={'a':A,'w':W}
or in String (Cython) format we could write::
H=[H0,[H1,'sin(w*t)']]
c_op_list=[C0,[C1,'exp(-a*t)']]
args={'a':A,'w':W}
Constant terms are preferably placed first in the Hamiltonian and collapse
operator lists.
Parameters
----------
H : qobj
System Hamiltonian.
psi0 : qobj
Initial state vector
tlist : array_like
Times at which results are recorded.
ntraj : int
Number of trajectories to run.
c_ops : array_like
``list`` or ``array`` of collapse operators.
e_ops : array_like
``list`` or ``array`` of operators for calculating expectation values.
args : dict
Arguments for time-dependent Hamiltonian and collapse operator terms.
options : Odeoptions
Instance of ODE solver options.
Returns
-------
results : Odedata
Object storing all results from simulation.
"""
if psi0.type!='ket':
raise Exception("Initial state must be a state vector.")
odeconfig.options=options
#set num_cpus to the value given in qutip.settings if none in Odeoptions
if not odeconfig.options.num_cpus:
odeconfig.options.num_cpus=qutip.settings.num_cpus
#set initial value data
if options.tidy:
odeconfig.psi0=psi0.tidyup(options.atol).full()
else:
odeconfig.psi0=psi0.full()
odeconfig.psi0_dims=psi0.dims
odeconfig.psi0_shape=psi0.shape
#set general items
odeconfig.tlist=tlist
if isinstance(ntraj,(list,ndarray)):
odeconfig.ntraj=sort(ntraj)[-1]
else:
odeconfig.ntraj=ntraj
#----
#----------------------------------------------
# SETUP ODE DATA IF NONE EXISTS OR NOT REUSING
#----------------------------------------------
if (not options.rhs_reuse) or (not odeconfig.tdfunc):
#reset odeconfig collapse and time-dependence flags to default values
_reset_odeconfig()
#check for type of time-dependence (if any)
time_type,h_stuff,c_stuff=_ode_checks(H,c_ops,'mc')
h_terms=len(h_stuff[0])+len(h_stuff[1])+len(h_stuff[2])
c_terms=len(c_stuff[0])+len(c_stuff[1])+len(c_stuff[2])
#set time_type for use in multiprocessing
odeconfig.tflag=time_type
#-Check for PyObjC on Mac platforms
if sys.platform=='darwin':
try:
import Foundation
except:
odeconfig.options.gui=False
#check if running in iPython and using Cython compiling (then no GUI to work around error)
if odeconfig.options.gui and odeconfig.tflag in array([1,10,11]):
try:
__IPYTHON__
except:
pass
else:
odeconfig.options.gui=False
if qutip.settings.qutip_gui=="NONE":
odeconfig.options.gui=False
#check for collapse operators
if c_terms>0:
odeconfig.cflag=1
else:
odeconfig.cflag=0
#Configure data
_mc_data_config(H,psi0,h_stuff,c_ops,c_stuff,args,e_ops,options)
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1,10,11]): #compile time-depdendent RHS code
os.environ['CFLAGS'] = '-w'
import pyximport
pyximport.install(setup_args={'include_dirs':[numpy.get_include()]})
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1,11]):
code = compile('from '+odeconfig.tdname+' import cyq_td_ode_rhs,col_spmv,col_expect', '<string>', 'exec')
exec(code, globals())
odeconfig.tdfunc=cyq_td_ode_rhs
odeconfig.colspmv=col_spmv
odeconfig.colexpect=col_expect
else:
code = compile('from '+odeconfig.tdname+' import cyq_td_ode_rhs', '<string>', 'exec')
exec(code, globals())
odeconfig.tdfunc=cyq_td_ode_rhs
try:
os.remove(odeconfig.tdname+".pyx")
except:
print("Error removing pyx file. File not found.")
elif odeconfig.tflag==0:
odeconfig.tdfunc=cyq_ode_rhs
else:#setup args for new parameters when rhs_reuse=True and tdfunc is given
#string based
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1,10,11]):
if any(args):
odeconfig.c_args=[]
arg_items=args.items()
for k in range(len(args)):
odeconfig.c_args.append(arg_items[k][1])
#function based
elif odeconfig.tflag in array([2,3,20,22]):
odeconfig.h_func_args=args
#load monte-carlo class
mc=MC_class()
#RUN THE SIMULATION
mc.run()
#AFTER MCSOLVER IS DONE --------------------------------------
#-------COLLECT AND RETURN OUTPUT DATA IN ODEDATA OBJECT --------------#
output=Odedata()
output.solver='mcsolve'
#state vectors
if any(mc.psi_out) and odeconfig.options.mc_avg:
output.states=mc.psi_out
#expectation values
if any(mc.expect_out) and odeconfig.cflag and odeconfig.options.mc_avg:#averaging if multiple trajectories
if isinstance(ntraj,int):
output.expect=mean(mc.expect_out,axis=0)
elif isinstance(ntraj,(list,ndarray)):
output.expect=[]
for num in ntraj:
expt_data=mean(mc.expect_out[:num],axis=0)
data_list=[]
if any([op.isherm==False for op in e_ops]):
for k in range(len(e_ops)):
if e_ops[k].isherm:
data_list.append(real(expt_data[k]))
else:
data_list.append(expt_data[k])
else:
data_list=[data for data in expt_data]
output.expect.append(data_list)
else:#no averaging for single trajectory or if mc_avg flag (Odeoptions) is off
output.expect=mc.expect_out
#simulation parameters
output.times=odeconfig.tlist
output.num_expect=odeconfig.e_num
output.num_collapse=odeconfig.c_num
output.ntraj=odeconfig.ntraj
output.col_times=mc.collapse_times_out
output.col_which=mc.which_op_out
return output
def _generic_ode_solve(r,
psi0,
tlist,
expt_ops,
opt,
state_vectorize,
state_norm_func=None):
"""
Internal function for solving ODEs.
"""
#
# prepare output array
#
n_tsteps = len(tlist)
dt = tlist[1] - tlist[0]
output = Odedata()
output.solver = "mesolve"
output.times = tlist
if isinstance(expt_ops, types.FunctionType):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
elif isinstance(expt_ops, list):
n_expt_op = len(expt_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states = []
else:
output.expect = []
output.num_expect = n_expt_op
for op in expt_ops:
if op.isherm and psi0.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps, dtype=complex))
else:
raise TypeError("Expectation parameter must be a list or a function")
#
# start evolution
#
psi = Qobj(psi0)
t_idx = 0
for t in tlist:
if not r.successful():
break
if state_norm_func:
psi.data = state_vectorize(r.y)
state_norm = state_norm_func(psi.data)
psi.data = psi.data / state_norm
r.set_initial_value(r.y / state_norm, r.t)
else:
psi.data = state_vectorize(r.y)
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
expt_ops(t, Qobj(psi))
else:
# calculate all the expectation values, or output rho if no operators
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states.append(Qobj(psi)) # copy psi/rho
else:
for m in range(0, n_expt_op):
output.expect[m][t_idx] = expect(expt_ops[m], psi)
r.integrate(r.t + dt)
t_idx += 1
if not opt.rhs_reuse and odeconfig.tdname != None:
try:
os.remove(odeconfig.tdname + ".pyx")
except:
pass
return output
def floquet_markov_mesolve(R, ekets, rho0, tlist, e_ops, options=None):
"""
Solve the dynamics for the system using the Floquet-Markov master equation.
"""
if options == None:
opt = Odeoptions()
else:
opt = options
if opt.tidy:
R.tidyup()
#
# check initial state
#
if isket(rho0):
# Got a wave function as initial state: convert to density matrix.
rho0 = ket2dm(rho0)
#
# prepare output array
#
n_tsteps = len(tlist)
dt = tlist[1] - tlist[0]
output = Odedata()
output.times = tlist
if isinstance(e_ops, FunctionType):
n_expt_op = 0
expt_callback = True
elif isinstance(e_ops, list):
n_expt_op = len(e_ops)
expt_callback = False
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states = []
else:
output.expect = []
output.num_expect = n_expt_op
for op in e_ops:
if op.isherm:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps))
else:
output.expect.append(np.zeros(n_tsteps, dtype=complex))
else:
raise TypeError("Expectation parameter must be a list or a function")
#
# transform the initial density matrix and the e_ops opterators to the
# eigenbasis: from computational basis to the floquet basis
#
if ekets != None:
rho0 = rho0.transform(ekets, True)
if isinstance(e_ops, list):
for n in np.arange(len(e_ops)): # not working
e_ops[n] = e_ops[n].transform(ekets) #
#
# setup integrator
#
initial_vector = mat2vec(rho0.full())
r = scipy.integrate.ode(cyq_ode_rhs)
r.set_f_params(R.data.data, R.data.indices, R.data.indptr)
r.set_integrator('zvode',
method=opt.method,
order=opt.order,
atol=opt.atol,
rtol=opt.rtol,
max_step=opt.max_step)
r.set_initial_value(initial_vector, tlist[0])
#
# start evolution
#
rho = Qobj(rho0)
t_idx = 0
for t in tlist:
if not r.successful():
break
rho.data = vec2mat(r.y)
if expt_callback:
# use callback method
e_ops(t, Qobj(rho))
else:
# calculate all the expectation values, or output rho if no operators
if n_expt_op == 0:
output.states.append(Qobj(rho)) # copy psi/rho
else:
for m in range(0, n_expt_op):
output.expect[m][t_idx] = expect(e_ops[m],
rho) # basis OK?
r.integrate(r.t + dt)
t_idx += 1
return output
def smesolve_generic(H, rho0, tlist, c_ops, e_ops, rhs, d1, d2, ntraj,
nsubsteps):
"""
internal
.. note::
Experimental.
"""
if debug: print inspect.stack()[0][3]
N_store = len(tlist)
N_substeps = nsubsteps
N = N_store * N_substeps
dt = (tlist[1] - tlist[0]) / N_substeps
print("N = %d. dt=%.2e" % (N, dt))
data = Odedata()
data.expect = np.zeros((len(e_ops), N_store), dtype=complex)
# pre-compute collapse operator combinations that are commonly needed
# when evaluating the RHS of stochastic master equations
A_ops = []
for c_idx, c in enumerate(c_ops):
# xxx: precompute useful operator expressions...
cdc = c.dag() * c
Ldt = spre(c) * spost(c.dag()) - 0.5 * spre(cdc) - 0.5 * spost(cdc)
LdW = spre(c) + spost(c.dag())
Lm = spre(c) + spost(c.dag()) # currently same as LdW
A_ops.append([Ldt.data, LdW.data, Lm.data])
# Liouvillian for the unitary part
L = -1.0j * (spre(H) - spost(H)
) # XXX: should we split the ME in stochastic
# and deterministic collapse operators here?
progress_acc = 0.0
for n in range(ntraj):
if debug and (100 * float(n) / ntraj) >= progress_acc:
print("Progress: %.2f" % (100 * float(n) / ntraj))
progress_acc += 10.0
rho_t = mat2vec(rho0.full())
states_list = _smesolve_single_trajectory(L, dt, tlist, N_store,
N_substeps, rho_t, A_ops,
e_ops, data, rhs, d1, d2)
# if average -> average...
data.states.append(states_list)
# average
data.expect = data.expect / ntraj
return data
def mcsolve(H,
psi0,
tlist,
c_ops,
e_ops,
ntraj=500,
args={},
options=Odeoptions()):
"""Monte-Carlo evolution of a state vector :math:`|\psi \\rangle` for a given
Hamiltonian and sets of collapse operators, and possibly, operators
for calculating expectation values. Options for the underlying ODE solver are
given by the Odeoptions class.
mcsolve supports time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse operators using either
Python functions of strings to represent time-dependent coefficients. Note that,
the system Hamiltonian MUST have at least one constant term.
As an example of a time-dependent problem, consider a Hamiltonian with two terms ``H0``
and ``H1``, where ``H1`` is time-dependent with coefficient ``sin(w*t)``, and collapse operators
``C0`` and ``C1``, where ``C1`` is time-dependent with coeffcient ``exp(-a*t)``. Here, w and a are
constant arguments with values ``W`` and ``A``.
Using the Python function time-dependent format requires two Python functions,
one for each collapse coefficient. Therefore, this problem could be expressed as::
def H1_coeff(t,args):
return sin(args['w']*t)
def C1_coeff(t,args):
return exp(-args['a']*t)
H=[H0,[H1,H1_coeff]]
c_op_list=[C0,[C1,C1_coeff]]
args={'a':A,'w':W}
or in String (Cython) format we could write::
H=[H0,[H1,'sin(w*t)']]
c_op_list=[C0,[C1,'exp(-a*t)']]
args={'a':A,'w':W}
Constant terms are preferably placed first in the Hamiltonian and collapse
operator lists.
Parameters
----------
H : qobj
System Hamiltonian.
psi0 : qobj
Initial state vector
tlist : array_like
Times at which results are recorded.
ntraj : int
Number of trajectories to run.
c_ops : array_like
``list`` or ``array`` of collapse operators.
e_ops : array_like
``list`` or ``array`` of operators for calculating expectation values.
args : dict
Arguments for time-dependent Hamiltonian and collapse operator terms.
options : Odeoptions
Instance of ODE solver options.
Returns
-------
results : Odedata
Object storing all results from simulation.
"""
if psi0.type != 'ket':
raise Exception("Initial state must be a state vector.")
odeconfig.options = options
#set num_cpus to the value given in qutip.settings if none in Odeoptions
if not odeconfig.options.num_cpus:
odeconfig.options.num_cpus = qutip.settings.num_cpus
#set initial value data
if options.tidy:
odeconfig.psi0 = psi0.tidyup(options.atol).full()
else:
odeconfig.psi0 = psi0.full()
odeconfig.psi0_dims = psi0.dims
odeconfig.psi0_shape = psi0.shape
#set general items
odeconfig.tlist = tlist
if isinstance(ntraj, (list, ndarray)):
odeconfig.ntraj = sort(ntraj)[-1]
else:
odeconfig.ntraj = ntraj
#----
#----------------------------------------------
# SETUP ODE DATA IF NONE EXISTS OR NOT REUSING
#----------------------------------------------
if (not options.rhs_reuse) or (not odeconfig.tdfunc):
#reset odeconfig collapse and time-dependence flags to default values
_reset_odeconfig()
#check for type of time-dependence (if any)
time_type, h_stuff, c_stuff = _ode_checks(H, c_ops, 'mc')
h_terms = len(h_stuff[0]) + len(h_stuff[1]) + len(h_stuff[2])
c_terms = len(c_stuff[0]) + len(c_stuff[1]) + len(c_stuff[2])
#set time_type for use in multiprocessing
odeconfig.tflag = time_type
#-Check for PyObjC on Mac platforms
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
try:
import Foundation
except:
odeconfig.options.gui = False
#check if running in iPython and using Cython compiling (then no GUI to work around error)
if odeconfig.options.gui and odeconfig.tflag in array([1, 10, 11]):
try:
__IPYTHON__
except:
pass
else:
odeconfig.options.gui = False
if qutip.settings.qutip_gui == "NONE":
odeconfig.options.gui = False
#check for collapse operators
if c_terms > 0:
odeconfig.cflag = 1
else:
odeconfig.cflag = 0
#Configure data
_mc_data_config(H, psi0, h_stuff, c_ops, c_stuff, args, e_ops, options)
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1, 10,
11]): #compile time-depdendent RHS code
os.environ['CFLAGS'] = '-w'
import pyximport
pyximport.install(
setup_args={'include_dirs': [numpy.get_include()]})
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1, 11]):
code = compile(
'from ' + odeconfig.tdname +
' import cyq_td_ode_rhs,col_spmv,col_expect', '<string>',
'exec')
exec(code, globals())
odeconfig.tdfunc = cyq_td_ode_rhs
odeconfig.colspmv = col_spmv
odeconfig.colexpect = col_expect
else:
code = compile(
'from ' + odeconfig.tdname + ' import cyq_td_ode_rhs',
'<string>', 'exec')
exec(code, globals())
odeconfig.tdfunc = cyq_td_ode_rhs
try:
os.remove(odeconfig.tdname + ".pyx")
except:
print("Error removing pyx file. File not found.")
elif odeconfig.tflag == 0:
odeconfig.tdfunc = cyq_ode_rhs
else: #setup args for new parameters when rhs_reuse=True and tdfunc is given
#string based
if odeconfig.tflag in array([1, 10, 11]):
if any(args):
odeconfig.c_args = []
arg_items = args.items()
for k in range(len(args)):
odeconfig.c_args.append(arg_items[k][1])
#function based
elif odeconfig.tflag in array([2, 3, 20, 22]):
odeconfig.h_func_args = args
#load monte-carlo class
mc = MC_class()
#RUN THE SIMULATION
mc.run()
#AFTER MCSOLVER IS DONE --------------------------------------
#-------COLLECT AND RETURN OUTPUT DATA IN ODEDATA OBJECT --------------#
output = Odedata()
output.solver = 'mcsolve'
#state vectors
if any(mc.psi_out) and odeconfig.options.mc_avg:
output.states = mc.psi_out
#expectation values
if any(
mc.expect_out
) and odeconfig.cflag and odeconfig.options.mc_avg: #averaging if multiple trajectories
if isinstance(ntraj, int):
output.expect = mean(mc.expect_out, axis=0)
elif isinstance(ntraj, (list, ndarray)):
output.expect = []
for num in ntraj:
expt_data = mean(mc.expect_out[:num], axis=0)
data_list = []
if any([op.isherm == False for op in e_ops]):
for k in range(len(e_ops)):
if e_ops[k].isherm:
data_list.append(real(expt_data[k]))
else:
data_list.append(expt_data[k])
else:
data_list = [data for data in expt_data]
output.expect.append(data_list)
else: #no averaging for single trajectory or if mc_avg flag (Odeoptions) is off
output.expect = mc.expect_out
#simulation parameters
output.times = odeconfig.tlist
output.num_expect = odeconfig.e_num
output.num_collapse = odeconfig.c_num
output.ntraj = odeconfig.ntraj
output.col_times = mc.collapse_times_out
output.col_which = mc.which_op_out
return output