def precip_water(lower, upper, prof):
'''
Calculates the precipitable water from a profile object within the
specified layer. The default layer (lower=-1 & upper=-1) is defined to
be surface to 400 hPa.
Inputs
------
lower (float) Lower pressure level
upper (float) Upper pressure level
prof (profile object) Profile Object
Returns
-------
pwat (float) Precipitable Water (in)
'''
if lower == -1: lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
if upper == -1: upper = 400.
# Find lower and upper ind bounds for looping
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower:
i += 1
lptr = i
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > upper:
i += 1
uptr = i
# Start with interpolated bottom level
d1 = interp.dwpt(lower, prof)
p1 = lower
w1 = thermo.mixratio(p1, d1)
# Loop through every level that has a dew point
pwat = 0
for i in range(lptr, uptr + 1):
if QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
p2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
w2 = thermo.mixratio(p2, prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind])
pwat += ((w1 + w2) / 2.) * (p1 - p2)
p1 = p2
w1 = w2
# Finish with interpolated top level
d2 = interp.dwpt(upper, prof)
p2 = upper
w2 = thermo.mixratio(p2, d2)
pwat += ((w1 + w2) / 2.) * (p1 - p2)
return pwat * 0.00040173
def test_mixratio():
input_p = 950
input_t = 25
correct_w = 21.549675456205275
returned_w = thermo.mixratio(input_p, input_t)
npt.assert_almost_equal(returned_w, correct_w)
input_p = np.asanyarray([1013, 1000, 975, 950, 900])
input_t = np.asanyarray([26, 15, 20, 10, 10])
correct_w = [21.448870702611913, 10.834359059077558, 15.346544211592512,
8.17527964576288, 8.633830400361578]
correct_w = np.asanyarray(correct_w)
returned_w = thermo.mixratio(input_p, input_t)
npt.assert_almost_equal(returned_w, correct_w)
def precip_water(lower, upper, prof):
'''
Calculates the precipitable water from a profile object within the
specified layer. The default layer (lower=-1 & upper=-1) is defined to
be surface to 400 hPa.
Inputs
------
lower (float) Lower pressure level
upper (float) Upper pressure level
prof (profile object) Profile Object
Returns
-------
pwat (float) Precipitable Water (in)
'''
if lower == -1: lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
if upper == -1: upper = 400.
# Find lower and upper ind bounds for looping
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower: i+=1
lptr = i
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > upper: i+=1
uptr = i
# Start with interpolated bottom level
d1 = interp.dwpt(lower, prof)
p1 = lower
w1 = thermo.mixratio(p1, d1)
# Loop through every level that has a dew point
pwat = 0
for i in range(lptr, uptr+1):
if QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
p2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
w2 = thermo.mixratio(p2, prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind])
pwat += ((w1 + w2) / 2.) * (p1 - p2)
p1 = p2
w1 = w2
# Finish with interpolated top level
d2 = interp.dwpt(upper, prof)
p2 = upper
w2 = thermo.mixratio(p2, d2)
pwat += ((w1 + w2) / 2.) * (p1 - p2)
return pwat * 0.00040173
def get_sars(self):
'''
Function to get the SARS analogues from the hail and
supercell databases. Requires calling get_kinematics()
and get_parcels() first. Also calculates the significant
hail parameter.
Function returns nothing, but sets the following variables:
self.matches - the matches from SARS HAIL
self.ship - significant hail parameter
self.supercell_matches - the matches from SARS SUPERCELL
Parameters
----------
None
Returns
-------
None
'''
sfc_6km_shear = utils.KTS2MS(
utils.mag(self.sfc_6km_shear[0], self.sfc_6km_shear[1]))
sfc_3km_shear = utils.KTS2MS(
utils.mag(self.sfc_3km_shear[0], self.sfc_3km_shear[1]))
sfc_9km_shear = utils.KTS2MS(
utils.mag(self.sfc_9km_shear[0], self.sfc_9km_shear[1]))
h500t = interp.temp(self, 500.)
lapse_rate = params.lapse_rate(self, 700., 500., pres=True)
srh3km = self.srh3km[0]
srh1km = self.srh1km[0]
mucape = self.mupcl.bplus
mlcape = self.mlpcl.bplus
mllcl = self.mlpcl.lclhght
mumr = thermo.mixratio(self.mupcl.pres, self.mupcl.dwpc)
self.ship = params.ship(self)
## Cambios para el hemisferio sur JP JP
if self.latitude < 0:
srh1km = -srh1km
srh3km = -srh3km
self.hail_database = 'sars_hail.txt'
self.supercell_database = 'sars_supercell.txt'
try:
self.matches = hail(self.hail_database, mumr, mucape, h500t,
lapse_rate, sfc_6km_shear, sfc_9km_shear,
sfc_3km_shear, srh3km)
except:
self.matches = ([], [], 0, 0, 0)
try:
self.supercell_matches = supercell(self.supercell_database, mlcape,
mllcl, h500t, lapse_rate,
utils.MS2KTS(sfc_6km_shear),
srh1km,
utils.MS2KTS(sfc_3km_shear),
utils.MS2KTS(sfc_9km_shear),
srh3km)
except Exception as e:
self.supercell_matches = ([], [], 0, 0, 0)
def get_sars(self):
'''
Function to get the SARS analogues from the hail and
supercell databases. Requires calling get_kinematics()
and get_parcels() first. Also calculates the significant
hail parameter.
Function returns nothing, but sets the following variables:
self.matches - the matches from SARS HAIL
self.ship - significant hail parameter
self.supercell_matches - the matches from SARS SUPERCELL
Parameters
----------
None
Returns
-------
None
'''
sfc_6km_shear = utils.KTS2MS( utils.mag( self.sfc_6km_shear[0], self.sfc_6km_shear[1]) )
sfc_3km_shear = utils.KTS2MS( utils.mag( self.sfc_3km_shear[0], self.sfc_3km_shear[1]) )
sfc_9km_shear = utils.KTS2MS( utils.mag( self.sfc_9km_shear[0], self.sfc_9km_shear[1]) )
h500t = interp.temp(self, 500.)
lapse_rate = params.lapse_rate( self, 700., 500., pres=True )
srh3km = self.srh3km[0]
srh1km = self.srh1km[0]
mucape = self.mupcl.bplus
mlcape = self.mlpcl.bplus
mllcl = self.mlpcl.lclhght
mumr = thermo.mixratio(self.mupcl.pres, self.mupcl.dwpc)
self.ship = params.ship(self)
self.hail_database = 'sars_hail.txt'
self.supercell_database = 'sars_supercell.txt'
try:
self.matches = hail(self.hail_database, mumr, mucape, h500t, lapse_rate, sfc_6km_shear,
sfc_9km_shear, sfc_3km_shear, srh3km)
except:
self.matches = ([], [], 0, 0, 0)
try:
self.supercell_matches = supercell(self.supercell_database, mlcape, mllcl, h500t, lapse_rate, utils.MS2KTS(sfc_6km_shear), srh1km, utils.MS2KTS(sfc_3km_shear), utils.MS2KTS(sfc_9km_shear), srh3km)
except Exception as e:
self.supercell_matches = ([], [], 0, 0, 0)
def get_wvmr_profile(self):
'''
Function to calculate the water vapor mixing ratio profile.
Parameters
----------
None
Returns
-------
Array of water vapor mixing ratio profile
'''
#wvmr = ma.empty(self.pres.shape[0])
#for i in range(len(self.v)):
wvmr = thermo.mixratio( self.pres, self.dwpc )
wvmr[wvmr == self.missing] = ma.masked
wvmr.set_fill_value(self.missing)
return wvmr
''' Create the Sounding (Profile) Object '''
def mean_mixratio(prof, lower=-1, upper=-1):
'''
Calculates the mean mixing ratio from a profile object within the
specified layer.
Inputs
------
prof (profile object) Profile Object
lower (float) Bottom level (hPa) [-1=SFC]
upper (float) Top level (hPa) [-1=SFC-100hPa]
Returns
-------
Mean Mixing Ratio (float)
'''
if lower == -1: lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
if upper == -1: upper = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind] - 100.
if not QC(interp.temp(upper, prof)): mmw = RMISSD
if not QC(interp.temp(lower, prof)): prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
# Find lowest observations in the layer
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower:
i += 1
while not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
i += 1
lptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == lower: lptr += 1
# Find highest observations in the layer
i = prof.gNumLevels - 1
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] < upper:
i -= 1
uptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == upper: uptr -= 1
totd = 0
totp = 0
# Start with interpolated bottom layer
p1 = lower
dp1 = interp.dwpt(p1, prof)
num = 1
# Calculate every level that reports a dew point
for i in range(lptr, uptr + 1):
if QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
dp2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]
p2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
dpbar = (dp1 + dp2) / 2.
pbar = (p1 + p2) / 2.
totd += dpbar
totp += pbar
dp1 = dp2
p1 = p2
num += 1
# Finish with top layer
dp2 = interp.dwpt(upper, prof)
p2 = upper
dbar = (dp1 + dp2) / 2.
pbar = (p1 + p2) / 2.
totd += dbar
totp += pbar
return thermo.mixratio(totp / num, totd / num)
def parcelx(lower, upper, pres, temp, dwpt, prof, **kwargs):
'''
Lifts the specified parcel, calculated various levels and parameters from
the profile object. B+/B- are calculated based on the specified layer.
!! All calculations use the virtual temperature correction unless noted. !!
Inputs
------
lower (float) Lower-bound lifting level (hPa)
upper (float) Upper-bound lifting level
pres (float) Pressure of parcel to lift (hPa)
temp (float) Temperature of parcel to lift (C)
dwpt (float) Dew Point of parcel to lift (C)
prof (profile object) Profile Object
Returns
-------
pcl (parcel object) Parcel Object
'''
pcl = Parcel(-1, -1, pres, temp, dwpt)
if 'lplvals' in kwargs: pcl.lplvals = kwargs.get('lplvals')
else:
lplvals = DefineParcel(prof, 5, pres=pres, temp=temp, dwpt=dwpt)
pcl.lplvals = lplvals
if prof.gNumLevels < 1: return pcl
lyre = -1
cap_strength = RMISSD
cap_strengthpres = RMISSD
li_max = RMISSD
li_maxpres = RMISSD
totp = 0.
totn = 0.
tote = 0.
cinh_old = 0.
# See if default layer is specified
if lower == -1:
lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
pcl.blayer = lower
if upper == -1:
upper = prof.gSndg[prof.gNumLevels - 1][prof.pind]
pcl.tlayer = upper
# Make sure that this is a valid layer
if lower > pres:
lower = pres
pcl.blayer = lower
if not QC(interp.vtmp(lower, prof)) or \
not QC(interp.vtmp(upper, prof)):
return RMISSD
# Begin with the Mixing Layer
te1 = interp.vtmp(pres, prof)
pe1 = lower
h1 = interp.hght(pe1, prof)
tp1 = thermo.virtemp(pres, temp, dwpt)
# te1 = tp1
# Lift parcel and return LCL pres (hPa) and LCL temp (c)
pe2, tp2 = thermo.drylift(pres, temp, dwpt)
blupper = pe2 # Define top of layer as LCL pres
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
pcl.lclpres = pe2
pcl.lclhght = interp.agl(h2, prof)
# Calculate lifted parcel theta for use in iterative CINH loop below
# RECALL: lifted parcel theta is CONSTANT from LPL to LCL
theta_parcel = thermo.theta(pe2, tp2, 1000.)
# Environmental theta and mixing ratio at LPL
bltheta = thermo.theta(pres, interp.temp(pres, prof), 1000.)
blmr = thermo.mixratio(pres, dwpt)
# ACCUMULATED CINH IN MIXING LAYER BELOW THE LCL
# This will be done in 10mb increments, and will use the virtual
# temperature correction where possible
pinc = -10
a = int(lower)
b = int(blupper)
for pp in range(a, b, int(pinc)):
pp1 = pp
pp2 = pp + pinc
if pp2 < blupper: pp2 = blupper
dz = interp.hght(pp2, prof) - interp.hght(pp1, prof)
# Calculate difference between Tv_parcel and Tv_environment at top
# and bottom of 10mb layers. Make use of constant lifted parcel
# theta and mixing ratio from LPL to LCL
tv_env_bot = thermo.virtemp(
pp1, thermo.theta(pp1, interp.temp(pp1, prof), 1000.),
interp.dwpt(pp1, prof))
tdef1 = (thermo.virtemp(pp1, theta_parcel,
thermo.temp_at_mixrat(blmr, pp1)) - tv_env_bot) / \
(thermo.ctok(tv_env_bot))
tv_env_top = thermo.virtemp(
pp2, thermo.theta(pp2, interp.temp(pp2, prof), 1000.),
interp.dwpt(pp2, prof))
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pp2, theta_parcel,
thermo.temp_at_mixrat(blmr, pp2)) - tv_env_top) / \
(thermo.ctok(tv_env_bot))
lyre = G * (tdef1 + tdef2) / 2. * dz
if lyre < 0: totn += lyre
# Move the bottom layer to the top of the boundary layer
if lower > pe2:
lower = pe2
pcl.blayer = lower
# Calculate height of various temperature levels
p0c = temp_lvl(0., prof)
pm10c = temp_lvl(-10., prof)
pm20c = temp_lvl(-20., prof)
pm30c = temp_lvl(-30., prof)
hgt0c = interp.hght(p0c, prof)
hgtm10c = interp.hght(pm10c, prof)
hgtm20c = interp.hght(pm20c, prof)
hgtm30c = interp.hght(pm30c, prof)
pcl.p0c = p0c
pcl.pm10c = pm10c
pcl.pm20c = pm20c
pcl.pm30c = pm30c
pcl.hght0c = hgt0c
pcl.hghtm10c = hgtm10c
pcl.hghtm20c = hgtm20c
pcl.hghtm30c = hgtm30c
# Find lowest observation in layer
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower:
if i == prof.gNumLevels - 1: break
i += 1
while not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
if i == prof.gNumLevels - 1: break
i += 1
lptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == lower:
if i != prof.gNumLevels - 1: lptr += 1
# Find highest observation in layer
i = prof.gNumLevels - 1
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] < upper:
if i < lptr: break
i -= 1
uptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == upper:
if i > lptr: uptr -= 1
# START WITH INTERPOLATED BOTTOM LAYER
# Begin moist ascent from lifted parcel LCL (pe2, tp2)
pe1 = lower
h1 = interp.hght(pe1, prof)
te1 = interp.vtmp(pe1, prof)
tp1 = thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp2, pe1)
lyre = 0
lyrlast = 0
for i in range(lptr, prof.gNumLevels):
if not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tind]): continue
pe2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
h2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.zind]
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe2)
tdef1 = (thermo.virtemp(pe1, tp1, tp1) - te1) / thermo.ctok(te1)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrlast = lyre
lyre = G * (tdef1 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h1)
# Add layer energy to total positive if lyre > 0
if lyre > 0:
totp += lyre
# Add layer energy to total negative if lyre < 0, only up to EL
else:
if pe2 > 500.: totn += lyre
# Check for Max LI
mli = thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2
if mli > li_max:
li_max = mli
li_maxpres = pe2
# Check for Max Cap Strength
mcap = te2 - mli
if mcap > cap_strength:
cap_strength = mcap
cap_strengthpres = pe2
tote += lyre
pelast = pe1
pe1 = pe2
h1 = h2
te1 = te2
tp1 = tp2
# Is this the top of the specified layer
if i >= uptr and not QC(pcl.bplus):
pe3 = pe1
h3 = h1
te3 = te1
tp3 = tp1
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0:
pcl.bplus = totp - lyrf
pcl.bminus = totn
else:
pcl.bplus = totp
if pe2 > 500.: pcl.bminus = totn + lyrf
else: pcl.bminus = totn
pe2 = upper
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.bplus += lyrf
else:
if pe2 > 500.: pcl.bminus += lyrf
if pcl.bplus == 0: pcl.bminus = 0.
# Is this the freezing level
if te2 < 0. and not QC(pcl.bfzl):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.bfzl = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.bfzl = totp
if not QC(p0c) or p0c > pe3:
pcl.bfzl = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgt0c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.bfzl += lyrf
# Is this the -10C level
if te2 < -10. and not QC(pcl.wm10c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm10c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm10c = totp
if not QC(pm10c) or pm10c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm10c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm10c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm10c += lyrf
# Is this the -20C level
if te2 < -20. and not QC(pcl.wm20c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm20c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm20c = totp
if not QC(pm20c) or pm20c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm20c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm20c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm20c += lyrf
# Is this the -30C level
if te2 < -30. and not QC(pcl.wm30c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm30c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm30c = totp
if not QC(pm30c) or pm30c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm30c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm30c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm30c += lyrf
# Is this the 3km level
if pcl.lclhght < 3000.:
h = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
if h >= 3000. and not QC(pcl.b3km):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b3km = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.b3km = totp
h2 = interp.msl(3000., prof)
pe2 = interp.pres(h2, prof)
if QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b3km += lyrf
else: pcl.b3km = 0.
# Is this the 6km level
if pcl.lclhght < 6000.:
h = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
if h >= 6000. and not QC(pcl.b6km):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b6km = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.b6km = totp
h2 = interp.msl(6000., prof)
pe2 = interp.pres(h2, prof)
if QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b6km += lyrf
else: pcl.b6km = 0.
# LFC Possibility
if lyre >= 0. and lyrlast <= 0.:
tp3 = tp1
te3 = te1
pe2 = pe1
pe3 = pelast
while interp.vtmp(pe3, prof) > thermo.virtemp(
pe3, thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3),
thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3)):
pe3 -= 5
pcl.lfcpres = pe3
pcl.lfchght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe3, prof), prof)
cinh_old = totn
tote = 0.
pcl.elpres = RMISSD
li_max = RMISSD
if cap_strength < 0.: cap_strength = 0.
pcl.cap = cap_strength
pcl.cappres = cap_strengthpres
# Hack to force LFC to be at least at the LCL
if pcl.lfcpres > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.lfcpres = pcl.lclpres
pcl.lfchght = pcl.lclhght
# EL Possibility
if lyre <= 0. and lyrlast >= 0.:
tp3 = tp1
te3 = te1
pe2 = pe1
pe3 = pelast
while interp.vtmp(pe3, prof) < thermo.virtemp(
pe3, thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3),
thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3)):
pe3 -= 5
pcl.elpres = pe3
pcl.elhght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe3, prof), prof)
pcl.mplpres = RMISSD
pcl.limax = -li_max
pcl.limaxpress = li_maxpres
# MPL Possibility
if tote < 0. and not QC(pcl.mplpres) and QC(pcl.elpres):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
totx = tote - lyre
pe2 = pelast
while totx > 0:
pe2 -= 1
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
totx += lyrf
tp3 = tp2
te3 = te2
pe3 = pe2
pcl.mplpres = pe2
pcl.mplhght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
# 500 hPa Lifted Index
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] <= 500. and pcl.li5 == RMISSD:
a = interp.vtmp(500., prof)
b = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, 500.)
pcl.li5 = a - thermo.virtemp(500, b, b)
# 300 hPa Lifted Index
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] <= 300. and pcl.li3 == RMISSD:
a = interp.vtmp(300., prof)
b = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, 300.)
pcl.li3 = a - thermo.virtemp(300, b, b)
# Calculate BRN if available
pcl = bulk_rich(pcl, prof)
pcl.bminus = cinh_old
if pcl.bplus == 0: pcl.bminus = 0.
return pcl
def mean_mixratio(prof, lower=-1, upper=-1):
'''
Calculates the mean mixing ratio from a profile object within the
specified layer.
Inputs
------
prof (profile object) Profile Object
lower (float) Bottom level (hPa) [-1=SFC]
upper (float) Top level (hPa) [-1=SFC-100hPa]
Returns
-------
Mean Mixing Ratio (float)
'''
if lower == -1: lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
if upper == -1: upper = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind] - 100.
if not QC(interp.temp(upper, prof)): mmw = RMISSD
if not QC(interp.temp(lower, prof)): prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
# Find lowest observations in the layer
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower: i+=1
while not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]): i+=1
lptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == lower: lptr+=1
# Find highest observations in the layer
i = prof.gNumLevels - 1
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] < upper: i-=1
uptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == upper: uptr-=1
totd = 0
totp = 0
# Start with interpolated bottom layer
p1 = lower
dp1 = interp.dwpt(p1, prof)
num = 1
# Calculate every level that reports a dew point
for i in range(lptr, uptr+1):
if QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
dp2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]
p2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
dpbar = (dp1 + dp2) / 2.
pbar = (p1 + p2) / 2.
totd += dpbar
totp += pbar
dp1 = dp2
p1 = p2
num += 1
# Finish with top layer
dp2 = interp.dwpt(upper, prof)
p2 = upper
dbar = (dp1 + dp2) / 2.
pbar = (p1 + p2) / 2.
totd += dbar
totp += pbar
return thermo.mixratio(totp/num, totd/num)
def parcelx(lower, upper, pres, temp, dwpt, prof, **kwargs):
'''
Lifts the specified parcel, calculated various levels and parameters from
the profile object. B+/B- are calculated based on the specified layer.
!! All calculations use the virtual temperature correction unless noted. !!
Inputs
------
lower (float) Lower-bound lifting level (hPa)
upper (float) Upper-bound lifting level
pres (float) Pressure of parcel to lift (hPa)
temp (float) Temperature of parcel to lift (C)
dwpt (float) Dew Point of parcel to lift (C)
prof (profile object) Profile Object
Returns
-------
pcl (parcel object) Parcel Object
'''
pcl = Parcel(-1, -1, pres, temp, dwpt)
if 'lplvals' in kwargs: pcl.lplvals = kwargs.get('lplvals')
else:
lplvals = DefineParcel(prof, 5, pres=pres, temp=temp, dwpt=dwpt)
pcl.lplvals = lplvals
if prof.gNumLevels < 1: return pcl
lyre = -1
cap_strength = RMISSD
cap_strengthpres = RMISSD
li_max = RMISSD
li_maxpres = RMISSD
totp = 0.
totn = 0.
tote = 0.
cinh_old = 0.
# See if default layer is specified
if lower == -1:
lower = prof.gSndg[prof.sfc][prof.pind]
pcl.blayer = lower
if upper == -1:
upper = prof.gSndg[prof.gNumLevels-1][prof.pind]
pcl.tlayer = upper
# Make sure that this is a valid layer
if lower > pres:
lower = pres
pcl.blayer = lower
if not QC(interp.vtmp(lower, prof)) or \
not QC(interp.vtmp(upper, prof)):
return RMISSD
# Begin with the Mixing Layer
te1 = interp.vtmp(pres, prof)
pe1 = lower
h1 = interp.hght(pe1, prof)
tp1 = thermo.virtemp(pres, temp, dwpt)
# te1 = tp1
# Lift parcel and return LCL pres (hPa) and LCL temp (c)
pe2, tp2 = thermo.drylift(pres, temp, dwpt)
blupper = pe2 # Define top of layer as LCL pres
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
pcl.lclpres = pe2
pcl.lclhght = interp.agl(h2, prof)
# Calculate lifted parcel theta for use in iterative CINH loop below
# RECALL: lifted parcel theta is CONSTANT from LPL to LCL
theta_parcel = thermo.theta(pe2, tp2, 1000.)
# Environmental theta and mixing ratio at LPL
bltheta = thermo.theta(pres, interp.temp(pres, prof), 1000.)
blmr = thermo.mixratio(pres, dwpt)
# ACCUMULATED CINH IN MIXING LAYER BELOW THE LCL
# This will be done in 10mb increments, and will use the virtual
# temperature correction where possible
pinc = -10
a = int(lower)
b = int(blupper)
for pp in range(a, b, int(pinc)):
pp1 = pp
pp2 = pp + pinc
if pp2 < blupper: pp2 = blupper
dz = interp.hght(pp2, prof) - interp.hght(pp1, prof)
# Calculate difference between Tv_parcel and Tv_environment at top
# and bottom of 10mb layers. Make use of constant lifted parcel
# theta and mixing ratio from LPL to LCL
tv_env_bot = thermo.virtemp(pp1, thermo.theta(pp1,
interp.temp(pp1, prof), 1000.), interp.dwpt(pp1, prof))
tdef1 = (thermo.virtemp(pp1, theta_parcel,
thermo.temp_at_mixrat(blmr, pp1)) - tv_env_bot) / \
(thermo.ctok(tv_env_bot))
tv_env_top = thermo.virtemp(pp2, thermo.theta(pp2,
interp.temp(pp2, prof), 1000.), interp.dwpt(pp2, prof))
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pp2, theta_parcel,
thermo.temp_at_mixrat(blmr, pp2)) - tv_env_top) / \
(thermo.ctok(tv_env_bot))
lyre = G * (tdef1 + tdef2) / 2. * dz
if lyre < 0: totn += lyre
# Move the bottom layer to the top of the boundary layer
if lower > pe2:
lower = pe2
pcl.blayer = lower
# Calculate height of various temperature levels
p0c = temp_lvl(0., prof)
pm10c = temp_lvl(-10., prof)
pm20c = temp_lvl(-20., prof)
pm30c = temp_lvl(-30., prof)
hgt0c = interp.hght(p0c, prof)
hgtm10c = interp.hght(pm10c, prof)
hgtm20c = interp.hght(pm20c, prof)
hgtm30c = interp.hght(pm30c, prof)
pcl.p0c = p0c
pcl.pm10c = pm10c
pcl.pm20c = pm20c
pcl.pm30c = pm30c
pcl.hght0c = hgt0c
pcl.hghtm10c = hgtm10c
pcl.hghtm20c = hgtm20c
pcl.hghtm30c = hgtm30c
# Find lowest observation in layer
i = 0
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] > lower:
if i == prof.gNumLevels-1: break
i += 1
while not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tdind]):
if i == prof.gNumLevels-1: break
i += 1
lptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == lower:
if i != prof.gNumLevels-1: lptr += 1
# Find highest observation in layer
i = prof.gNumLevels-1
while prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] < upper:
if i < lptr: break
i -= 1
uptr = i
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] == upper:
if i > lptr: uptr -= 1
# START WITH INTERPOLATED BOTTOM LAYER
# Begin moist ascent from lifted parcel LCL (pe2, tp2)
pe1 = lower
h1 = interp.hght(pe1, prof)
te1 = interp.vtmp(pe1, prof)
tp1 = thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp2, pe1)
lyre = 0
lyrlast = 0
for i in range(lptr, prof.gNumLevels):
if not QC(prof.gSndg[i][prof.tind]): continue
pe2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind]
h2 = prof.gSndg[i][prof.zind]
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe2)
tdef1 = (thermo.virtemp(pe1, tp1, tp1) - te1) / thermo.ctok(te1)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrlast = lyre
lyre = G * (tdef1 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h1)
# Add layer energy to total positive if lyre > 0
if lyre > 0: totp += lyre
# Add layer energy to total negative if lyre < 0, only up to EL
else:
if pe2 > 500.: totn += lyre
# Check for Max LI
mli = thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2
if mli > li_max:
li_max = mli
li_maxpres = pe2
# Check for Max Cap Strength
mcap = te2 - mli
if mcap > cap_strength:
cap_strength = mcap
cap_strengthpres = pe2
tote += lyre
pelast = pe1
pe1 = pe2
h1 = h2
te1 = te2
tp1 = tp2
# Is this the top of the specified layer
if i >= uptr and not QC(pcl.bplus):
pe3 = pe1
h3 = h1
te3 = te1
tp3 = tp1
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0:
pcl.bplus = totp - lyrf
pcl.bminus = totn
else:
pcl.bplus = totp
if pe2 > 500.: pcl.bminus = totn + lyrf
else: pcl.bminus = totn
pe2 = upper
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.bplus += lyrf
else:
if pe2 > 500.: pcl.bminus += lyrf
if pcl.bplus == 0: pcl.bminus = 0.
# Is this the freezing level
if te2 < 0. and not QC(pcl.bfzl):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.bfzl = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.bfzl = totp
if not QC(p0c) or p0c > pe3:
pcl.bfzl = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgt0c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.bfzl += lyrf
# Is this the -10C level
if te2 < -10. and not QC(pcl.wm10c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm10c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm10c = totp
if not QC(pm10c) or pm10c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm10c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm10c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm10c += lyrf
# Is this the -20C level
if te2 < -20. and not QC(pcl.wm20c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm20c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm20c = totp
if not QC(pm20c) or pm20c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm20c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm20c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm20c += lyrf
# Is this the -30C level
if te2 < -30. and not QC(pcl.wm30c):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0.: pcl.wm30c = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.wm30c = totp
if not QC(pm30c) or pm30c > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.wm30c = 0
elif QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (hgtm30c - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.wm30c += lyrf
# Is this the 3km level
if pcl.lclhght < 3000.:
h = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
if h >= 3000. and not QC(pcl.b3km):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b3km = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.b3km = totp
h2 = interp.msl(3000., prof)
pe2 = interp.pres(h2, prof)
if QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b3km += lyrf
else: pcl.b3km = 0.
# Is this the 6km level
if pcl.lclhght < 6000.:
h = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
if h >= 6000. and not QC(pcl.b6km):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
lyrf = lyre
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b6km = totp - lyrf
else: pcl.b6km = totp
h2 = interp.msl(6000., prof)
pe2 = interp.pres(h2, prof)
if QC(pe2):
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
if lyrf > 0: pcl.b6km += lyrf
else: pcl.b6km = 0.
# LFC Possibility
if lyre >= 0. and lyrlast <= 0.:
tp3 = tp1
te3 = te1
pe2 = pe1
pe3 = pelast
while interp.vtmp(pe3, prof) > thermo.virtemp(pe3,
thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3), thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3)):
pe3 -= 5
pcl.lfcpres = pe3
pcl.lfchght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe3, prof), prof)
cinh_old = totn
tote = 0.
pcl.elpres = RMISSD
li_max = RMISSD
if cap_strength < 0.: cap_strength = 0.
pcl.cap = cap_strength
pcl.cappres = cap_strengthpres
# Hack to force LFC to be at least at the LCL
if pcl.lfcpres > pcl.lclpres:
pcl.lfcpres = pcl.lclpres
pcl.lfchght = pcl.lclhght
# EL Possibility
if lyre <= 0. and lyrlast >= 0.:
tp3 = tp1
te3 = te1
pe2 = pe1
pe3 = pelast
while interp.vtmp(pe3, prof) < thermo.virtemp(pe3,
thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3), thermo.wetlift(pe2, tp3, pe3)):
pe3 -= 5
pcl.elpres = pe3
pcl.elhght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe3, prof), prof)
pcl.mplpres = RMISSD
pcl.limax = -li_max
pcl.limaxpress = li_maxpres
# MPL Possibility
if tote < 0. and not QC(pcl.mplpres) and QC(pcl.elpres):
pe3 = pelast
h3 = interp.hght(pe3, prof)
te3 = interp.vtmp(pe3, prof)
tp3 = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, pe3)
totx = tote - lyre
pe2 = pelast
while totx > 0:
pe2 -= 1
te2 = interp.vtmp(pe2, prof)
tp2 = thermo.wetlift(pe3, tp3, pe2)
h2 = interp.hght(pe2, prof)
tdef3 = (thermo.virtemp(pe3, tp3, tp3) - te3) / \
thermo.ctok(te3)
tdef2 = (thermo.virtemp(pe2, tp2, tp2) - te2) / \
thermo.ctok(te2)
lyrf = G * (tdef3 + tdef2) / 2. * (h2 - h3)
totx += lyrf
tp3 = tp2
te3 = te2
pe3 = pe2
pcl.mplpres = pe2
pcl.mplhght = interp.agl(interp.hght(pe2, prof), prof)
# 500 hPa Lifted Index
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] <= 500. and pcl.li5 == RMISSD:
a = interp.vtmp(500., prof)
b = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, 500.)
pcl.li5 = a - thermo.virtemp(500, b, b)
# 300 hPa Lifted Index
if prof.gSndg[i][prof.pind] <= 300. and pcl.li3 == RMISSD:
a = interp.vtmp(300., prof)
b = thermo.wetlift(pe1, tp1, 300.)
pcl.li3 = a - thermo.virtemp(300, b, b)
# Calculate BRN if available
pcl = bulk_rich(pcl, prof)
pcl.bminus = cinh_old
if pcl.bplus == 0: pcl.bminus = 0.
return pcl
