class BaseRobot(WorldObject):
type = 'BaseRobot'
""" A base robot class, intended to be subclassed and overridden.
Any robot usable in SoaR should supplement or re-implement this class' methods with the desired behavior.
Attributes:
type (str): A human readable name for robots of this type.
world: The instance of :class:`soar.sim.world.World` (or a subclass) in which the robot resides, or `None`,
if the robot is real.
simulated (bool): Any BaseRobot subclass should consider the robot to be simulated if this is `True`, and real
otherwise. By default, it is `False`.
pose: An instance of :class:`soar.sim.geometry.Pose` representing the robot's `(x, y, theta)` position.
In simulation, this is the actual position; on a real robot this may be determined through other means.
polygon: A :class:`soar.sim.world.Polygon` that defines the boundaries of the robot and is used for collision.
fv (float): The robot's current translational velocity, in arbitrary units. Positive values indicate movement
towards the front of the robot, and negative values indicate movement towards the back.
rv (float): The robot's current rotational velocity, in radians/second. Positive values indicate
counterclockwise rotation (when viewed from above), and negative values indicate clockwise rotation.
Args:
polygon: A :class:`soar.sim.world.Polygon` that defines the boundaries of the robot and is used for collision.
**options: Arbitrary keyword arguments. This may include Tkinter keywords passed to the `WorldObject`
constructor, or robot options supported as arguments to `set_robot_options`.
"""
def __init__(self, polygon, **options):
WorldObject.__init__(self, do_draw=True, do_step=True,
**options) # Robots are always drawn and stepped
self.simulated = True
self.world = None
self.pose = Pose(0, 0, 0)
self.fv = 0.0
self.rv = 0.0
# Re-instantiate the polygon with the robot's tags
del polygon.options['tags']
self.polygon = Polygon(polygon.points,
polygon.center,
tags=self.tags,
**polygon.options)
# The maximum radius, used for pushing the robot back before a collision
self._radius = sorted([
self.polygon.center.distance(vertex) for vertex in self.polygon
])[-1]
def set_robot_options(self, **options):
""" Set one or many keyworded, robot-specific options. Document these options here.
Args:
**options: `BaseRobot` does not support any robot options.
"""
pass
@property
def pos(
self
): # TODO: This property exists only for backwards compatibility. Deprecate by 2.0.
return self.pose
@pos.setter
def pos(
self, t
): # TODO: This property exists only for backwards compatibility. Deprecate by 2.0.
self.pose = t
def to_dict(self):
""" Return a dictionary representation of the robot, usable for serialization. """
return {
'x_pos': self.pose[0],
'y_pos': self.pose[1],
't_pos': self.pose[2],
'fv': self.fv,
'rv': self.rv,
'type': self.type
}
def move(self, pose):
""" Move the robot to the specified `(x, y, theta)` pose.
Args:
pose: An :class:`soar.sim.geometry.Pose` or 3-tuple-like object to move the robot to.
"""
x, y, t = pose
current_theta = self.pose[2]
self.pose = Pose(x, y, t)
self.polygon.recenter(self.pose)
self.polygon.rotate(self.polygon.center, t - current_theta)
def collision(self, other, eps=1e-8):
""" Determine whether the robot collides with an object.
Supported objects include other robots, and subclasses of :class:`soar.sim.world.Polygon` and
:class:`soar.sim.world.Wall`.
Args:
other: A supported `WorldObject` subclass with which this object could potentially collide.
eps (float, optional): The epsilon within which to consider a collision to have occurred, different for
each subclass.
Returns:
list: A list of `(x, y)` tuples consisting of all the collision points with `other`, or `None`
if there weren't any.
"""
if isinstance(
other,
BaseRobot): # Dispatch to collisions between robot polygons
return self.polygon.collision(other.polygon, eps=eps)
elif isinstance(other, Polygon) or isinstance(other, Wall):
return self.polygon.collision(other, eps=eps)
def draw(self, canvas):
""" Draw the robot on a canvas.
Canvas items are preserved. If drawn more than once on the same canvas, the item will be moved and not redrawn.
Args:
canvas: An instance of :class:`soar.gui.canvas.SoarCanvas`.
"""
try: # Try and find the drawn polygon on the canvas, in case it already exists
canvas_poly = canvas.find_withtag(self.tags)[0]
except IndexError: # If no such item exists, draw it for the first time
self.polygon.draw(canvas)
else:
# Remap metered coordinates to pixel coordinates, and change the canvas polygon
coords = canvas.remap_coords(
[p for pair in self.polygon for p in pair])
canvas.coords(canvas_poly, coords)
def delete(self, canvas): # TODO: Deprecate this in 2.0
""" Delete the robot from a canvas.
Args:
canvas: An instance of :class:`soar.gui.canvas.SoarCanvas`.
"""
self.polygon.delete(canvas)
def on_load(self):
""" Called when the controller of the robot is loaded.
The behavior of this method should differ depending on the value of `simulated`; if it is `False`, this
method should be used to connect with the real robot. If a connection error occurs, a
:class:`soar.errors.SoarIOError` should be raised to notify the client that the error was not due to other
causes.
"""
if not self.simulated:
raise SoarIOError('BaseRobot has no real interface to connect to')
def on_start(self):
""" Called when the controller of the robot is started.
This method will always be called by the controller at most once per controller session, before the first step.
"""
pass
def on_pause(self):
""" Called when the controller is paused. """
pass
def on_step(self, step_duration):
""" Called when the controller of the robot undergoes a single step of a specified duration.
For BaseRobot, this tries to perform an integrated position update based on the forward and rotational
velocities. If the robot cannot move to the new position because there is an object in its way, it will be moved
to a safe space just before it would have collided.
Subclasses will typically have more complex `on_step()` methods, usually with behavior for stepping
non-simulated robots.
Args:
step_duration (float): The duration of the step, in seconds.
"""
if self.simulated: # Do the simulated move update (with collision preemption)
# Try and make sure that the robot can actually move to its new location
# Integrate over the path, making the new position at the end of the arc
theta = self.pose[2]
d_t = self.rv * step_duration
new_theta = theta + d_t
if self.rv != 0:
d_x = self.fv * (sin(new_theta) - sin(theta)) / self.rv
d_y = self.fv * (cos(theta) - cos(new_theta)) / self.rv
else:
d_x, d_y = self.fv * cos(theta) * step_duration, self.fv * sin(
theta) * step_duration
new_pos = self.pose.transform((d_x, d_y, d_t))
# Build a dummy wall between the old and new position and check if it collides with anything
w = Wall(self.pose.point(), new_pos.point(), dummy=True)
collisions = self.world.find_all_collisions(
w, condition=lambda obj: obj is not self)
if collisions: # If there were collisions, push the robot to a safe distance from the closest one
collisions.sort(key=lambda tup: self.pose.distance(tup[1]))
safe_point = Point(*collisions[0][1])
offset = Point(self._radius, 0.0).rotate((0, 0), new_pos[2])
safe_point = safe_point.sub(offset)
new_pos = Pose(safe_point.x, safe_point.y, new_pos[2])
self.pose = new_pos
self.polygon.recenter(new_pos)
self.polygon.rotate(self.polygon.center, d_t)
def on_stop(self):
""" Called when the controller of the robot is stopped. """
pass
def on_shutdown(self):
""" Called when the controller of the robot is shutdown.
If interacting with a real robot, the connection should be safely closed and reset for any later connections.
"""
pass
class MyRobot(BaseRobot):
type = 'my_bot'
# Sonar poses relative to the robot's center
sonar_poses = [
Pose(0.08, 0.134, pi / 2),
Pose(0.122, 0.118, 5 * pi / 18),
Pose(0.156, 0.077, pi / 6),
Pose(0.174, 0.0266, pi / 18),
Pose(.153, 0, 0),
Pose(0.174, -0.0266, -pi / 18),
Pose(0.156, -0.077, -pi / 6),
Pose(0.122, -0.118, -5 * pi / 18),
Pose(0.08, -0.134, -pi / 2)
]
SONAR_MAX = 1.5 # meters
""" An abstract, universal Pioneer 3 robot. Instances of this class can be fully simulated, or used to communicate
with an actual Pioneer3 robot over a serial port.
Attributes:
type (str): Always `'Pioneer3'`; used to identify this robot type.
simulated (bool): If `True`, the robot is being simulated. Otherwise it should be assumed to be real.
pose: An instance of :class:`soar.sim.geometry.Pose` representing the robot's `(x, y, theta)` position.
In simulation, this is the actual position; on a real robot this is based on information from the encoders.
world: An instance of :class:`soar.sim.world.World` or a subclass, or `None`, if the robot is real.
FV_CAP (float): The maximum translational velocity at which the robot can move, in meters/second.
RV_CAP (float): The maximum rotational velocity at which the robot can move, in radians/second.
SONAR_MAX (float): The maximum distance that the sonars can sense, in meters.
arcos: An instance of :class:`soar.robot.arcos.ARCOSClient` if the robot is real and has been loaded, otherwise
`None`.
serial_device (str): The device name of the serial port the robot is connected to, if it is real and has been
been loaded, otherwise `None`.
Args:
**options: See `set_robot_options`.
"""
def __init__(self, **options):
self.FV_CAP = 1.5 # meters/second
self.RV_CAP = 2 * pi # radians/second
BaseRobot.__init__(self,
polygon=Polygon([(-0.034, -0.219), (0.057, -0.219),
(0.139, -0.170), (0.196, -0.098),
(0.216, -0.009), (0.196, 0.079),
(0.139, 0.150), (0.057, 0.190),
(-0.034, 0.190), (-0.051, 0.190),
(-0.051, 0.150), (-0.153, 0.150),
(-0.223, 0.074), (-0.223, -0.103),
(-0.153, -0.179), (-0.051, -0.179),
(-0.051, -0.219)],
None,
fill='black',
dummy=True))
self.arcos = None # The ARCOS client, if connected
self.serial_device = None # The serial device, if connected
self._fv = 0.0 # Internal forward velocity storage
self._rv = 0.0 # Internal rotational velocity storage
self._collided = False # Private flag to check if the robot has collided
self._sonars = None # Super secret calculated sonars (shh)
# self._move_data = {'x': set(), 'y': set(), 'item': None} # Drag data for the canvas
self._move_data = set() # Drag data for the canvas
self._turn_data = {
'x': 0,
'y': 0,
'item': None
} # Drag data for the canvas
self._serial_ports = None # Serial ports to use when connecting with ARCOS; any if None
self._last_x, self._last_y = 0, 0 # For dealing with encoder rollover
self._x_sum, self._y_sum = 0, 0 # For dealing with encoder rollover
self._ignore_brain_lag = False # For making the step duration fixed
self._raw_sonars = False # Whether to cast out-of-range sonars to None
self.set_robot_options(
**options) # Sets any options passed in on construction
self._sonar_max = 1.5
self._target_found = False
self._success = False
self._done = False
def to_dict(self):
""" Return a dictionary representation of the robot, usable for serialization.
This contains the robot type, position, sonar data, and forward and rotational velocities.
"""
d = BaseRobot.to_dict(self)
d.update({'sonars': self.sonars, 'collided': self._collided})
return d
def set_robot_options(self, **options):
""" Set Pioneer3 specific options. Any unsupported keywords are ignored.
Args:
**options: Arbitrary robot options.
serial_ports (list, optional): Sets the serial ports to try connecting to with the ARCOS client.
ignore_brain_lag (bool): If `True`, a step will always be assumed to be 0.1 seconds long. Otherwise,
whatever duration the controller tells the robot to step is how long a step lasts.
raw_sonars (bool): If `True`, sonar values will not be recast to `None` when no distance was returned.
`5.0` will be returned instead.
"""
if 'serial_ports' in options:
self._serial_ports = options['serial_ports']
if 'ignore_brain_lag' in options:
self._ignore_brain_lag = options['ignore_brain_lag']
if 'raw_sonars' in options:
self._raw_sonars = options['raw_sonars']
@property
def fv(self):
""" `float` The robot's current translational velocity, in meters/second.
Positive values indicate movement towards the front of the robot, and negative values indicate movement
towards the back.
Setting the robot's forward velocity is always subject to :attr:`soar.robot.pioneer.PioneerRobot.FV_CAP`.
On a real robot, this is further limited by the hardware translational velocity cap.
"""
return self._fv
@fv.setter
def fv(self, value):
self._fv = clip(value, -self.FV_CAP, self.FV_CAP)
if not self.simulated: # For real robots, must send an ARCOS command
try:
self.arcos.send_command(VEL, int(self._fv *
1000)) # Convert m/s to mm/s
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
@property
def rv(self):
""" `float` The robot's current rotational velocity, in radians/second.
Positive values indicate counterclockwise rotation (when viewed from above) and negative values indicate
clockwise rotation.
Setting the robot's rotational velocity is always subject to :attr:`soar.robot.pioneer.PioneerRobot.RV_CAP`.
On a real robot, this is further limited by the hardware rotational velocity cap.
"""
return self._rv
@rv.setter
def rv(self, value):
self._rv = clip(value, -self.RV_CAP, self.RV_CAP)
if not self.simulated:
try:
self.arcos.send_command(RVEL, int(
self._rv * 180 / pi)) # Convert radians/sec to degrees/sec
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
@property
def sonars(self):
""" (`list` of `float`) The latest sonar readings as an array.
The array contains the latest distance sensed by each sonar, in order, clockwise from the robot's far left to
its far right. Readings are given in meters and are accurate to the millimeter. If no distance was sensed by a
sonar, its entry in the array will be `None`, unless the robot option `raw_sonars` has been set to `True`, in
which case its entry will be `5.0`.
"""
if self.simulated: # If simulating, grab the data from the latest calculated sonars
if not self._sonars: # If somehow this has been called before sonars are calculated, calculate them
self.calc_sonars()
return [
round(s, 3) if s < self.SONAR_MAX else None
for s in self._sonars
]
else: # Otherwise grab the sonar data from the ARCOS Client
if self._raw_sonars: # Don't recast out-of-range values to None
return [s / 1000.0 for s in self.arcos.sonars[:8]]
else:
return [
s / 1000.0 if s != 5000 else None
for s in self.arcos.sonars[:8]
] # Convert mm to meters
@property
def analogs(self):
""" Get the robot's 4 analog inputs, so long as it is real and not simulated, as a 4 tuple. """
if self.simulated:
raise SoarIOError(
'Cannot access the inputs of a simulated robot (yet)'
) # TODO: CMax integration
else:
# Assume that the io information is relatively current
return tuple([
round(a * 10.0 / 1023.0, 3)
for a in self.arcos.io['ANALOGS'][4:]
])
def set_analog_voltage(self, v):
""" Sets the robot's analog output voltage.
Args:
v (float): The output voltage to set. This is limited to the range of 0-10V.
"""
if self.simulated:
raise SoarIOError(
'Cannot set the analog output of a simulated robot (yet)'
) # TODO: CMax integration
else: # Sent the analog-digital output required to read it later
try:
self.arcos.send_command(DIGOUT,
int(clip(v, 0, 10) * 25.5) | 0xff00)
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
def get_distance_right(self):
""" Get the perpendicular distance to the right of the robot.
Returns:
float: The perpendicular distance to the right of the robot, assuming there is a linear surface.
"""
return self.get_distance_right_and_angle()[0]
def get_distance_right_and_angle(self):
""" Get the perpendicular distance and angle to a surface on the right.
Returns:
`(d, a)` where `d` is the perpendicular distance to a surface on the right, assuming it is linear, and `a`
is the angle to that surface.
"""
# Build a list of the points the sonars hit, or None if the distance was greater than the sonar max
endpoints = [
Ray(origin, d, dummy=True).p2 if d else None
for (origin, d) in zip(self.sonar_poses, self.sonars)
]
return self.dist_and_angle(endpoints[6], endpoints[7])
def get_distance_left(self):
""" Get the perpendicular distance to the left of the robot.
Returns:
float: The perpendicular distance to the left of the robot, assuming there is a linear surface.
"""
return self.get_distance_left_and_angle()[0]
def get_distance_left_and_angle(self):
""" Get the perpendicular distance and angle to a surface on the left.
Returns:
`(d, a)` where `d` is the perpendicular distance to a surface on the left, assuming it is linear, and `a`
is the angle to that surface.
"""
# Build a list of the points the sonars hit, or None if the distance was greater than the sonar max
endpoints = [
Ray(origin, d, dummy=True).p2 if d else None
for (origin, d) in zip(self.sonar_poses, self.sonars)
]
return self.dist_and_angle(endpoints[0], endpoints[1])
def dist_and_angle(
self, h0,
h1): # Used to calculate perpendicular distance from surfaces
if h0 and h1:
l = Line(h0, h1, normalize=True
) # It is *essential* that the lines be normalized
l_x, l_y, l_d = l.a, l.b, l.c
return abs(l_d), pi / 2 - atan2(l_y, l_x)
elif h0:
(hx, hy) = h0
return sqrt(hx * hx + hy * hy), None
elif h1:
(hx, hy) = h1
return sqrt(hx * hx + hy * hy), None
else:
return self.SONAR_MAX, None
def calc_sonars(
self
): # Calculate the actual sonar ranges. Called once per simulated timestep
self._sonars = [0] * len(self.sonar_poses)
self._target_headings = set()
for i in range(len(self.sonar_poses)):
# We take each sonar and build a ray longer than the world's max diagonal
origin = self.sonar_poses[i]
# Translate and turn by the robot's pose, then rotate about its center
origin = origin.transform(self.pose).rotate(
self.pose.point(), self.pose[2])
sonar_ray = Ray(origin,
1.5 * max(self.world.dimensions),
dummy=True)
# Find all collisions with objects that aren't the robot itself
# Sonars only accurate to the millimeter, so let epsilon be 0.001 meters
collisions = self.world.find_all_collisions(
sonar_ray, condition=lambda obj: obj is not self, eps=1e-3)
# print(collisions)
target = self.world.find_all_collisions(sonar_ray,
condition=self.is_color,
eps=1e-3)
# print(i,self._target_headings)
if target:
self._target_found = True
self._target_heading = i
self._target_headings.add(i)
if collisions: # Should always be True since the world has boundaries
# Sort the collisions by distance to origin
distances = [origin.distance(p) for _, p in collisions]
distances.sort()
self._sonars[i] = distances[
0] # Sonar reading is the distance to the nearest collision
def is_color(self, obj, color='purple'):
try:
if obj.options['fill'] == color:
return True
else:
return False
except:
return False
def draw(self, canvas): # Draw the robot
BaseRobot.draw(self, canvas)
self.draw_sonars(canvas)
def draw_sonars(self, canvas): # Draw just the sonars
canvas.delete(
self.tags + 'sonars'
) # Deleting a nonexistent tag is safe, so always delete the sonar lines
if not self._sonars:
self.calc_sonars()
for dist, pose in zip(self._sonars, self.sonar_poses):
origin = pose.transform(self.pose).rotate(self.pose.point(),
self.pose[2])
fill = 'firebrick2' if dist > self.SONAR_MAX else 'gray'
sonar_ray = Ray(origin,
dist,
tags=self.tags + 'sonars',
fill=fill,
width=1)
sonar_ray.draw(canvas)
def delete(self, canvas): # TODO: Deprecate this in 2.0
canvas.delete(self.tags, self.tags +
'sonars') # Delete both the robot and sonar tags
def collision(self, other, eps=1e-8):
""" Determine whether the robot collides with an object.
Supported objects include other robots, and subclasses of :class:`soar.sim.world.Polygon` and
:class:`soar.sim.world.Wall`.
Args:
other: A supported `WorldObject` subclass with which this object could potentially collide.
eps (float, optional): The epsilon within which to consider a collision to have occurred, different for
each subclass.
Returns:
list: A list of `(x, y)` tuples consisting of all the collision points with `other`, or `None`
if there weren't any.
"""
try:
success = other.options['fill'] == 'purple'
except:
success = False
if self.polygon.collision(other, eps=eps) and success:
self._success = True
elif isinstance(
other,
BaseRobot): # Dispatch to collisions between robot polygons
return self.polygon.collision(other.polygon, eps=eps)
elif isinstance(other, Polygon) or isinstance(other, Wall):
return self.polygon.collision(other, eps=eps)
def check_if_collided(
self
): # Check if the robot has collided, and set its collision flag accordingly
if self.simulated:
for obj in self.world: # Check for collisions
if obj is not self:
if self.collision(obj) == 'target':
self._success = True
elif self.collision(obj): # If any collision occurs
self._collided = True
self.polygon.options['fill'] = 'red'
return True
self._collided = False
self.polygon.options['fill'] = 'black'
return False
else:
return False
def on_load(self):
if self.simulated:
self.arcos = None
print(
'Connected to Pioneer p3dx-sh MIT_0042 (12.0 Volts) [Simulated]'
)
print('Your robot\'s name is \'Denny\'') # Hi Denny Freeman!
else:
try:
self.arcos = ARCOSClient()
self.arcos.connect(forced_ports=self._serial_ports)
self.arcos.send_command(
ENABLE, 0
) # We disable the motors so that the robot is easily movable
# Continuously request IOpacs, and make sure we receive at least one
self.arcos.send_command(IOREQUEST, 2)
self.arcos.wait_or_timeout(
self.arcos.io_event, 1.0,
'Could not access robot IO information')
# Request a CONFIGpac and make sure we receive one
self.arcos.send_command(CONFIG)
self.arcos.wait_or_timeout(
self.arcos.config_event, 1.0,
'Could not access robot configuration')
config = self.arcos.config
serial_num = str(getnode())
battery_volts = self.arcos.standard['BATTERY'] / 10.0
# Set the serial device for viewing
self.serial_device = self.arcos.ser.name
# Print the standard connection message and warn if the battery is low
print(
'Connected to', ' '.join([
config[field]
for field in ['ROBOT_TYPE', 'SUBTYPE', 'NAME']
]), 'on', self.serial_device, '(%s Volts)' % battery_volts)
print('Your robot\'s name is \'%s\'' %
name_from_sernum(serial_num))
if battery_volts < self.arcos.config['LOWBATTERY'] / 10.0:
printerr(
'WARNING: The robot\'s battery is low. Consider recharging or finding a new one.'
)
except ARCOSError as e: # If anything goes wrong, raise a SoarIOError
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
def on_start(self):
if not self.simulated:
for _ in range(5): # Try enabling motors a few times
if self.arcos.standard[
'FLAGS'] & 0x1 != 0x1: # If the motors have not been enabled
try:
self.arcos.send_command(ENABLE, 1) # Re-enable them
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
sleep(1.0)
else: # If they have been, we're all set
break
if self.arcos.standard[
'FLAGS'] & 0x1 != 0x1: # If they still aren't enabled, raise an error
raise SoarIOError('Unable to enable the robot\'s motors')
try:
self.arcos.send_command(SETO)
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
def on_step(self, duration):
if self._done:
self._fv = 0
self._rv = 0
else:
if self._success:
self._fv = 0
self._rv = 0
self._done = True
print('FOUND IT!!!')
if self._ignore_brain_lag:
duration = 0.1 # If ignoring brain lag, fix the step duration
if self.simulated: # Move, check for collisions, and update the internal sonars
if not self._collided: # The robot only moves if it hasn't collided
BaseRobot.on_step(
self, duration
) # Do BaseRobot's simulated move and collision preemption
self.check_if_collided()
self.calc_sonars()
else: # Update the position information from the encoders
# Assume that io.standard is relatively current, which is likely
# Encoders can roll over, so keep track of the last x, y encoder reports and update accordingly
x, y, t = self.arcos.standard['XPOS'], self.arcos.standard[
'YPOS'], self.arcos.standard['THPOS']
d_x, d_y = x - self._last_x, y - self._last_y
if d_x > 60000: # A positive rollover occurred
d_x -= 65536
elif d_x < -60000: # A negative rollover occurred
d_x += 65536
if d_y > 60000: # A positive rollover occurred
d_y -= 65536
elif d_y < -60000: # A negative rollover occurred
d_y += 65536
self._last_x, self._last_y = x, y
self._x_sum += d_x
self._y_sum += d_y
self.pose = Pose(self._x_sum / 1000.0, self._y_sum / 1000.0,
t * 0.001534)
def on_stop(self):
if not self.simulated:
try:
self.arcos.send_command(STOP) # Stop the robot from moving
self.arcos.send_command(
ENABLE, 0) # Disable the motors after we've stopped
except Timeout as e: # Recast arcos errors as Soar errors
raise SoarIOError(str(e)) from e
def on_shutdown(self):
if self.arcos:
self.arcos.disconnect()
# Mouse event bindings follow
# Left-click-drag moves the robot, while right-click-drag rotates it
def on_press_left(self, event):
self._move_data['x'] = event.x
self._move_data['y'] = event.y
def on_release_left(self, event):
self._move_data['x'] = 0
self._move_data['y'] = 0
def on_motion_left(self, event):
delta_x = event.x - self._move_data["x"]
delta_y = event.y - self._move_data["y"]
self._move_data["x"] = event.x
self._move_data["y"] = event.y
real_d_x = delta_x / self.world.canvas.pixels_per_meter
real_d_y = -delta_y / self.world.canvas.pixels_per_meter
# Update the robot's real position, check for a collision, and redraw/recalcuate the robot and sonars
self.pose = self.pose.transform((real_d_x, real_d_y, 0))
self.polygon.recenter(self.pose)
if self.check_if_collided():
self.world.canvas.itemconfigure(self.tags, fill='red')
else:
self.world.canvas.itemconfigure(self.tags, fill='black')
self.calc_sonars()
self.draw(self.world.canvas)
def on_press_right(self, event):
self._turn_data['x'] = event.x
self._turn_data['y'] = event.y
def on_release_right(self, event):
self._turn_data['x'] = 0
self._turn_data['y'] = 0
def on_motion_right(self, event):
delta_x = event.x - self._turn_data["x"]
delta_y = event.y - self._turn_data["y"]
self._turn_data["x"] = event.x
self._turn_data["y"] = event.y
# Moving left or up rotates counterclockwise, right or down rotates clockwise
theta = -delta_x * 2 * pi / 150 - delta_y * 2 * pi / 150
# Change the robot's position, rotate and redraw the polygon, and recalculate and redraw the sonars
self.pose = self.pose.transform((0, 0, theta))
self.polygon.rotate(self.polygon.center, theta)
self.calc_sonars()
self.draw(self.world.canvas)
def play_notes(self,
note_string,
bpm=120,
sync=False,
_force_new_thread=True):
""" Play a string of musical notes through the robot's piezoelectric speaker.
Args:
note_string (str): A space-delimited list of notes. Notes should all be in the form `n/m(name)[#|b][octave]`.
Ex: `'1/4C'` produces a quarter note middle C. `'1/8A#7'` produces an eighth note A# in the 7th MIDI octave.
`'1/4-'` produces a quarter rest. All of the MIDI notes in the range 1-127 can be played.
bpm (int): The beats per minute or tempo at which to play the notes.
sync (bool): By default `False`, this determines whether notes are sent one by one, with synchronization
performed by the function itself, or all at once.
force_new_thread (bool): By default `True`, this determines whether to force the execution of this function
to occur on a new thread.
"""
if _force_new_thread: # Force this function to run on a new thread
Thread(
target=lambda: self.play_notes(note_string, bpm, sync, False),
daemon=True).start()
return
tone_pairs = gen_tone_pairs(note_string, bpm)
b, total_duration = [], 0
for dur, tone in tone_pairs:
print(int(dur / 0.02), min(127, tone))
total_duration += dur
b.extend([min(255, int(dur / 0.02)), min(127, tone)])
if len(b) == 19 * 2: # If the buffer contains 19 notes
b = [40] + b + [
0, 0
] # Prepend the length byte and append the null terminator
self.arcos.send_command(SAY, bytes(b), append_null=False)
sleep(total_duration)
b, total_duration = [], 0
if b: # If there are any more unsent notes
b = [len(b) + 2] + b + [
0, 0
] # Prepend the length byte and append the null terminator
self.arcos.send_command(SAY, bytes(b), append_null=False)
sleep(total_duration)
def play_song(self, song_name):
""" Play one of a number of songs through the robot's piezoelectric speaker.
Args:
song_name (str): The song to play. Must be one of `'reveille'`, `'daisy'`, or `'fanfare'`.
"""
bpm, notes = {
'reveille':
(60,
'1/8G. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8E6. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8E6. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8C6. 1/4E6 1/8C6 1/8G. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8E6. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8E6. 1/8C6 1/16E6 1/16C6 1/8G 1/8G. 3/8C6 1/8E6. 1/8E6 1/8E6 1/8E6 1/8E6. 1/4G6 1/8E6 1/8C6. 1/8E6 1/8C6 1/8E6 1/8C6. 1/4E6 1/8C6 1/8E6. 1/8E6 1/8E6 1/8E6 1/8E6. 1/4G6 1/8E6 1/8C6. 1/8E6 1/8C6 1/8G 1/8G. 1/2C6.'
),
'daisy':
(60,
'1/8F#6 1/8G6. 3/4A6. 3/4F#6. 3/4D6. 3/4A. 1/4B 1/4C#6 1/4D6. 1/2B 1/4D6. 1/1A 1/4D6. 3/4E6. 3/4A6. 3/4F#6. 3/4D6.'
'1/4B 1/4C#6 1/4D6. 1/2E6 1/4F#6. 1/1E6 1/4E6 1/4F#6. 1/4G6 1/4F#6 1/4E6. 1/2A6 1/4F#6. 1/4E6 3/4D6 1/4D6 1/4E6. 1/2F#6 1/4D6. 1/2B 1/4D6.'
'1/4B 3/4A 1/4C#6. 1/2D6 1/4F#6. 1/2E6 1/4A. 1/2D6 1/4F#6. 1/4E6 1/4F#6 1/4G6. 1/4A6 1/4F#6 1/4D6. 1/2E6 1/4F#6. 5/4D6.'
),
'fanfare':
(32,
'1/24G 1/24C6 1/24E6. 1/16G6 1/16- 1/32G6 1/32- 1/32G6 1/32- 1/16G6 1/16-. 1/8E6 1/16E6 1/16E6 1/8E6. 1/8C6 1/8E6 1/8C6. 1/1G.'
)
}[song_name]
self.arcos.send_command(SOUNDTOG, 1) # Enable the speaker
sleep(1.0)
self.play_notes(notes, bpm)