Exemple #1
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    def __init__(self, output_dir=None, output_fname='progress.txt', exp_name=None):
        """
        Initialize a Logger.

        Args:
            output_dir (string): A directory for saving results to. If 
                ``None``, defaults to a temp directory of the form
                ``/tmp/experiments/somerandomnumber``.

            output_fname (string): Name for the tab-separated-value file 
                containing metrics logged throughout a training run. 
                Defaults to ``progress.txt``. 

            exp_name (string): Experiment name. If you run multiple training
                runs and give them all the same ``exp_name``, the plotter
                will know to group them. (Use case: if you run the same
                hyperparameter configuration with multiple random seeds, you
                should give them all the same ``exp_name``.)
        """
        if proc_id()==0:
            self.output_dir = output_dir or "/tmp/experiments/%i"%int(time.time())
            if osp.exists(self.output_dir):
                print("Warning: Log dir %s already exists! Storing info there anyway."%self.output_dir)
            else:
                os.makedirs(self.output_dir)
            self.output_file = open(osp.join(self.output_dir, output_fname), 'w')
            atexit.register(self.output_file.close)
            print(colorize("Logging data to %s"%self.output_file.name, 'green', bold=True))
        else:
            self.output_dir = None
            self.output_file = None
        self.first_row=True
        self.log_headers = []
        self.log_current_row = {}
        self.exp_name = exp_name
Exemple #2
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    def save_state(self, state_dict, itr=None):
        """
        Saves the state of an experiment.

        To be clear: this is about saving *state*, not logging diagnostics.
        All diagnostic logging is separate from this function. This function
        will save whatever is in ``state_dict``---usually just a copy of the
        environment---and the most recent parameters for the model you 
        previously set up saving for with ``setup_tf_saver``. 

        Call with any frequency you prefer. If you only want to maintain a
        single state and overwrite it at each call with the most recent 
        version, leave ``itr=None``. If you want to keep all of the states you
        save, provide unique (increasing) values for 'itr'.

        Args:
            state_dict (dict): Dictionary containing essential elements to
                describe the current state of training.

            itr: An int, or None. Current iteration of training.
        """
        if proc_id()==0:
            fname = 'vars.pkl' if itr is None else 'vars%d.pkl'%itr
            try:
                joblib.dump(state_dict, osp.join(self.output_dir, fname))
            except:
                self.log('Warning: could not pickle state_dict.', color='red')
            if hasattr(self, 'tf_saver_elements'):
                self._tf_simple_save(itr)
Exemple #3
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    def dump_tabular(self):
        """
        Write all of the diagnostics from the current iteration.

        Writes both to stdout, and to the output file.
        """
        if proc_id()==0:
            vals = []
            key_lens = [len(key) for key in self.log_headers]
            max_key_len = max(15,max(key_lens))
            keystr = '%'+'%d'%max_key_len
            fmt = "| " + keystr + "s | %15s |"
            n_slashes = 22 + max_key_len
            print("-"*n_slashes)
            for key in self.log_headers:
                val = self.log_current_row.get(key, "")
                valstr = "%8.3g"%val if hasattr(val, "__float__") else val
                print(fmt%(key, valstr))
                vals.append(val)
            print("-"*n_slashes)
            if self.output_file is not None:
                if self.first_row:
                    self.output_file.write("\t".join(self.log_headers)+"\n")
                self.output_file.write("\t".join(map(str,vals))+"\n")
                self.output_file.flush()
        self.log_current_row.clear()
        self.first_row=False
Exemple #4
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    def save_config(self, config):
        """
        Log an experiment configuration.

        Call this once at the top of your experiment, passing in all important
        config vars as a dict. This will serialize the config to JSON, while
        handling anything which can't be serialized in a graceful way (writing
        as informative a string as possible). 

        Example use:

        .. code-block:: python

            logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
            logger.save_config(locals())
        """
        config_json = convert_json(config)
        if self.exp_name is not None:
            config_json['exp_name'] = self.exp_name
        if proc_id()==0:
            output = json.dumps(config_json, separators=(',',':\t'), indent=4, sort_keys=True)
            print(colorize('Saving config:\n', color='cyan', bold=True))
            print(output)
            with open(osp.join(self.output_dir, "config.json"), 'w') as out:
                out.write(output)
Exemple #5
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 def _tf_simple_save(self, itr=None):
     """
     Uses simple_save to save a trained model, plus info to make it easy
     to associated tensors to variables after restore. 
     """
     if proc_id()==0:
         assert hasattr(self, 'tf_saver_elements'), \
             "First have to setup saving with self.setup_tf_saver"
         fpath = 'simple_save' + ('%d'%itr if itr is not None else '')
         fpath = osp.join(self.output_dir, fpath)
         if osp.exists(fpath):
             # simple_save refuses to be useful if fpath already exists,
             # so just delete fpath if it's there.
             shutil.rmtree(fpath)
         tf.saved_model.simple_save(export_dir=fpath, **self.tf_saver_elements)
         joblib.dump(self.tf_saver_info, osp.join(fpath, 'model_info.pkl'))
Exemple #6
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    if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
        os.makedirs(save_dir)
        os.makedirs(save_dir + '/losses')
        os.makedirs(save_dir + '/models')
        os.makedirs(save_dir + '/training_data')

    env = gym.make(args.env)
    # env = HalfCheetahRandDirecEnv()
    env = normalize(env)
    random_policy = Policy_Random(env)

    # local_steps_per_epoch = int(steps_per_epoch / num_procs())
    logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
    # logger.save_config(locals())
    seed = args.seed
    seed += 10000 * proc_id()
    tf.set_random_seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    # gpu_device = 3
    # gpu_frac = 0.3
    # os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = str(gpu_device)
    # gpu_options = tf.GPUOptions(per_process_gpu_memory_fraction=gpu_frac)
    # config = tf.ConfigProto(gpu_options=gpu_options,
    #                         log_device_placement=False,
    #                         allow_soft_placement=True,
    #                         inter_op_parallelism_threads=1,
    #                         intra_op_parallelism_threads=1)

    # with tf.Session(config=config) as sess:
    with tf.Session() as sess:
Exemple #7
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 def log(self, msg, color='green'):
     """Print a colorized message to stdout."""
     if proc_id()==0:
         print(colorize(msg, color, bold=True))
Exemple #8
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def trpo(env_fn,
         actor_critic=core.mlp_actor_critic,
         ac_kwargs=dict(),
         seed=0,
         steps_per_epoch=4000,
         epochs=50,
         gamma=0.99,
         delta=0.01,
         vf_lr=1e-3,
         train_v_iters=80,
         damping_coeff=0.1,
         cg_iters=10,
         backtrack_iters=10,
         backtrack_coeff=0.8,
         lam=0.97,
         max_ep_len=1000,
         logger_kwargs=dict(),
         save_freq=10,
         algo='trpo'):
    """

    Args:
        env_fn : A function which creates a copy of the environment.
            The environment must satisfy the OpenAI Gym API.

        actor_critic: A function which takes in placeholder symbols 
            for state, ``x_ph``, and action, ``a_ph``, and returns the main 
            outputs from the agent's Tensorflow computation graph:

            ============  ================  ========================================
            Symbol        Shape             Description
            ============  ================  ========================================
            ``pi``        (batch, act_dim)  | Samples actions from policy given 
                                            | states.
            ``logp``      (batch,)          | Gives log probability, according to
                                            | the policy, of taking actions ``a_ph``
                                            | in states ``x_ph``.
            ``logp_pi``   (batch,)          | Gives log probability, according to
                                            | the policy, of the action sampled by
                                            | ``pi``.
            ``info``      N/A               | A dict of any intermediate quantities
                                            | (from calculating the policy or log 
                                            | probabilities) which are needed for
                                            | analytically computing KL divergence.
                                            | (eg sufficient statistics of the
                                            | distributions)
            ``info_phs``  N/A               | A dict of placeholders for old values
                                            | of the entries in ``info``.
            ``d_kl``      ()                | A symbol for computing the mean KL
                                            | divergence between the current policy
                                            | (``pi``) and the old policy (as 
                                            | specified by the inputs to 
                                            | ``info_phs``) over the batch of 
                                            | states given in ``x_ph``.
            ``v``         (batch,)          | Gives the value estimate for states
                                            | in ``x_ph``. (Critical: make sure 
                                            | to flatten this!)
            ============  ================  ========================================

        ac_kwargs (dict): Any kwargs appropriate for the actor_critic 
            function you provided to TRPO.

        seed (int): Seed for random number generators.

        steps_per_epoch (int): Number of steps of interaction (state-action pairs) 
            for the agent and the environment in each epoch.

        epochs (int): Number of epochs of interaction (equivalent to
            number of policy updates) to perform.

        gamma (float): Discount factor. (Always between 0 and 1.)

        delta (float): KL-divergence limit for TRPO / NPG update. 
            (Should be small for stability. Values like 0.01, 0.05.)

        vf_lr (float): Learning rate for value function optimizer.

        train_v_iters (int): Number of gradient descent steps to take on 
            value function per epoch.

        damping_coeff (float): Artifact for numerical stability, should be 
            smallish. Adjusts Hessian-vector product calculation:
            
            .. math:: Hv \\rightarrow (\\alpha I + H)v

            where :math:`\\alpha` is the damping coefficient. 
            Probably don't play with this hyperparameter.

        cg_iters (int): Number of iterations of conjugate gradient to perform. 
            Increasing this will lead to a more accurate approximation
            to :math:`H^{-1} g`, and possibly slightly-improved performance,
            but at the cost of slowing things down. 

            Also probably don't play with this hyperparameter.

        backtrack_iters (int): Maximum number of steps allowed in the 
            backtracking line search. Since the line search usually doesn't 
            backtrack, and usually only steps back once when it does, this
            hyperparameter doesn't often matter.

        backtrack_coeff (float): How far back to step during backtracking line
            search. (Always between 0 and 1, usually above 0.5.)

        lam (float): Lambda for GAE-Lambda. (Always between 0 and 1,
            close to 1.)

        max_ep_len (int): Maximum length of trajectory / episode / rollout.

        logger_kwargs (dict): Keyword args for EpochLogger.

        save_freq (int): How often (in terms of gap between epochs) to save
            the current policy and value function.

        algo: Either 'trpo' or 'npg': this code supports both, since they are 
            almost the same.

    """

    logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
    logger.save_config(locals())

    seed += 10000 * proc_id()
    tf.set_random_seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    env = env_fn()
    obs_dim = env.observation_space.shape
    act_dim = env.action_space.shape

    # Share information about action space with policy architecture
    ac_kwargs['action_space'] = env.action_space

    # Inputs to computation graph
    x_ph, a_ph = core.placeholders_from_spaces(env.observation_space,
                                               env.action_space)
    adv_ph, ret_ph, logp_old_ph = core.placeholders(None, None, None)

    # Main outputs from computation graph, plus placeholders for old pdist (for KL)
    pi, logp, logp_pi, info, info_phs, d_kl, v = actor_critic(
        x_ph, a_ph, **ac_kwargs)

    # Need all placeholders in *this* order later (to zip with data from buffer)
    all_phs = [x_ph, a_ph, adv_ph, ret_ph, logp_old_ph
               ] + core.values_as_sorted_list(info_phs)

    # Every step, get: action, value, logprob, & info for pdist (for computing kl div)
    get_action_ops = [pi, v, logp_pi] + core.values_as_sorted_list(info)

    # Experience buffer
    local_steps_per_epoch = int(steps_per_epoch / num_procs())
    info_shapes = {k: v.shape.as_list()[1:] for k, v in info_phs.items()}
    buf = GAEBuffer(obs_dim, act_dim, local_steps_per_epoch, info_shapes,
                    gamma, lam)

    # Count variables
    var_counts = tuple(core.count_vars(scope) for scope in ['pi', 'v'])
    logger.log('\nNumber of parameters: \t pi: %d, \t v: %d\n' % var_counts)

    # TRPO losses
    ratio = tf.exp(logp - logp_old_ph)  # pi(a|s) / pi_old(a|s)
    pi_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(ratio * adv_ph)
    v_loss = tf.reduce_mean((ret_ph - v)**2)

    # Optimizer for value function
    train_vf = MpiAdamOptimizer(learning_rate=vf_lr).minimize(v_loss)

    # Symbols needed for CG solver
    pi_params = core.get_vars('pi')
    gradient = core.flat_grad(pi_loss, pi_params)
    v_ph, hvp = core.hessian_vector_product(d_kl, pi_params)
    if damping_coeff > 0:
        hvp += damping_coeff * v_ph

    # Symbols for getting and setting params
    get_pi_params = core.flat_concat(pi_params)
    set_pi_params = core.assign_params_from_flat(v_ph, pi_params)

    sess = tf.Session()
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    # Sync params across processes
    sess.run(sync_all_params())

    # Setup model saving
    logger.setup_tf_saver(sess, inputs={'x': x_ph}, outputs={'pi': pi, 'v': v})

    def cg(Ax, b):
        """
        Conjugate gradient algorithm
        (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gradient_method)
        """
        x = np.zeros_like(b)
        r = b.copy(
        )  # Note: should be 'b - Ax(x)', but for x=0, Ax(x)=0. Change if doing warm start.
        p = r.copy()
        r_dot_old = np.dot(r, r)
        for _ in range(cg_iters):
            z = Ax(p)
            alpha = r_dot_old / (np.dot(p, z) + EPS)
            x += alpha * p
            r -= alpha * z
            r_dot_new = np.dot(r, r)
            p = r + (r_dot_new / r_dot_old) * p
            r_dot_old = r_dot_new
        return x

    def update():
        # Prepare hessian func, gradient eval
        inputs = {k: v for k, v in zip(all_phs, buf.get())}
        Hx = lambda x: mpi_avg(sess.run(hvp, feed_dict={**inputs, v_ph: x}))
        g, pi_l_old, v_l_old = sess.run([gradient, pi_loss, v_loss],
                                        feed_dict=inputs)
        g, pi_l_old = mpi_avg(g), mpi_avg(pi_l_old)

        # Core calculations for TRPO or NPG
        x = cg(Hx, g)
        alpha = np.sqrt(2 * delta / (np.dot(x, Hx(x)) + EPS))
        old_params = sess.run(get_pi_params)

        def set_and_eval(step):
            sess.run(set_pi_params,
                     feed_dict={v_ph: old_params - alpha * x * step})
            return mpi_avg(sess.run([d_kl, pi_loss], feed_dict=inputs))

        if algo == 'npg':
            # npg has no backtracking or hard kl constraint enforcement
            kl, pi_l_new = set_and_eval(step=1.)

        elif algo == 'trpo':
            # trpo augments npg with backtracking line search, hard kl
            for j in range(backtrack_iters):
                kl, pi_l_new = set_and_eval(step=backtrack_coeff**j)
                if kl <= delta and pi_l_new <= pi_l_old:
                    logger.log(
                        'Accepting new params at step %d of line search.' % j)
                    logger.store(BacktrackIters=j)
                    break

                if j == backtrack_iters - 1:
                    logger.log('Line search failed! Keeping old params.')
                    logger.store(BacktrackIters=j)
                    kl, pi_l_new = set_and_eval(step=0.)

        # Value function updates
        for _ in range(train_v_iters):
            sess.run(train_vf, feed_dict=inputs)
        v_l_new = sess.run(v_loss, feed_dict=inputs)

        # Log changes from update
        logger.store(LossPi=pi_l_old,
                     LossV=v_l_old,
                     KL=kl,
                     DeltaLossPi=(pi_l_new - pi_l_old),
                     DeltaLossV=(v_l_new - v_l_old))

    start_time = time.time()
    o, r, d, ep_ret, ep_len = env.reset(), 0, False, 0, 0

    # Main loop: collect experience in env and update/log each epoch
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        for t in range(local_steps_per_epoch):
            agent_outs = sess.run(get_action_ops,
                                  feed_dict={x_ph: o.reshape(1, -1)})
            a, v_t, logp_t, info_t = agent_outs[0][0], agent_outs[
                1], agent_outs[2], agent_outs[3:]

            # save and log
            buf.store(o, a, r, v_t, logp_t, info_t)
            logger.store(VVals=v_t)

            o, r, d, _ = env.step(a)
            ep_ret += r
            ep_len += 1

            terminal = d or (ep_len == max_ep_len)
            if terminal or (t == local_steps_per_epoch - 1):
                if not (terminal):
                    print('Warning: trajectory cut off by epoch at %d steps.' %
                          ep_len)
                # if trajectory didn't reach terminal state, bootstrap value target
                last_val = r if d else sess.run(
                    v, feed_dict={x_ph: o.reshape(1, -1)})
                buf.finish_path(last_val)
                if terminal:
                    # only save EpRet / EpLen if trajectory finished
                    logger.store(EpRet=ep_ret, EpLen=ep_len)
                o, r, d, ep_ret, ep_len = env.reset(), 0, False, 0, 0

        # Save model
        if (epoch % save_freq == 0) or (epoch == epochs - 1):
            logger.save_state({'env': env}, None)

        # Perform TRPO or NPG update!
        update()

        # Log info about epoch
        logger.log_tabular('Epoch', epoch)
        logger.log_tabular('EpRet', with_min_and_max=True)
        logger.log_tabular('EpLen', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('VVals', with_min_and_max=True)
        logger.log_tabular('TotalEnvInteracts', (epoch + 1) * steps_per_epoch)
        logger.log_tabular('LossPi', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('LossV', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('DeltaLossPi', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('DeltaLossV', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('KL', average_only=True)
        if algo == 'trpo':
            logger.log_tabular('BacktrackIters', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('Time', time.time() - start_time)
        logger.dump_tabular()
Exemple #9
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def ppo(env_fn,
        actor_critic=core.mlp_actor_critic,
        ac_kwargs=dict(),
        seed=0,
        steps_per_epoch=4000,
        epochs=50,
        gamma=0.99,
        clip_ratio=0.2,
        pi_lr=3e-4,
        vf_lr=1e-3,
        train_pi_iters=80,
        train_v_iters=80,
        lam=0.97,
        max_ep_len=1000,
        target_kl=0.01,
        logger_kwargs=dict(),
        save_freq=10):
    """

    Args:
        env_fn : A function which creates a copy of the environment.
            The environment must satisfy the OpenAI Gym API.

        actor_critic: A function which takes in placeholder symbols 
            for state, ``x_ph``, and action, ``a_ph``, and returns the main 
            outputs from the agent's Tensorflow computation graph:

            ===========  ================  ======================================
            Symbol       Shape             Description
            ===========  ================  ======================================
            ``pi``       (batch, act_dim)  | Samples actions from policy given 
                                           | states.
            ``logp``     (batch,)          | Gives log probability, according to
                                           | the policy, of taking actions ``a_ph``
                                           | in states ``x_ph``.
            ``logp_pi``  (batch,)          | Gives log probability, according to
                                           | the policy, of the action sampled by
                                           | ``pi``.
            ``v``        (batch,)          | Gives the value estimate for states
                                           | in ``x_ph``. (Critical: make sure 
                                           | to flatten this!)
            ===========  ================  ======================================

        ac_kwargs (dict): Any kwargs appropriate for the actor_critic 
            function you provided to PPO.

        seed (int): Seed for random number generators.

        steps_per_epoch (int): Number of steps of interaction (state-action pairs) 
            for the agent and the environment in each epoch.

        epochs (int): Number of epochs of interaction (equivalent to
            number of policy updates) to perform.

        gamma (float): Discount factor. (Always between 0 and 1.)

        clip_ratio (float): Hyperparameter for clipping in the policy objective.
            Roughly: how far can the new policy go from the old policy while 
            still profiting (improving the objective function)? The new policy 
            can still go farther than the clip_ratio says, but it doesn't help
            on the objective anymore. (Usually small, 0.1 to 0.3.)

        pi_lr (float): Learning rate for policy optimizer.

        vf_lr (float): Learning rate for value function optimizer.

        train_pi_iters (int): Maximum number of gradient descent steps to take 
            on policy loss per epoch. (Early stopping may cause optimizer
            to take fewer than this.)

        train_v_iters (int): Number of gradient descent steps to take on 
            value function per epoch.

        lam (float): Lambda for GAE-Lambda. (Always between 0 and 1,
            close to 1.)

        max_ep_len (int): Maximum length of trajectory / episode / rollout.

        target_kl (float): Roughly what KL divergence we think is appropriate
            between new and old policies after an update. This will get used 
            for early stopping. (Usually small, 0.01 or 0.05.)

        logger_kwargs (dict): Keyword args for EpochLogger.

        save_freq (int): How often (in terms of gap between epochs) to save
            the current policy and value function.

    """

    logger = EpochLogger(**logger_kwargs)
    logger.save_config(locals())

    seed += 10000 * proc_id()
    tf.set_random_seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)

    env = env_fn()
    obs_dim = env.observation_space.shape
    act_dim = env.action_space.shape

    # Share information about action space with policy architecture
    ac_kwargs['action_space'] = env.action_space

    # Inputs to computation graph
    x_ph, a_ph = core.placeholders_from_spaces(env.observation_space,
                                               env.action_space)
    adv_ph, ret_ph, logp_old_ph = core.placeholders(None, None, None)

    # Main outputs from computation graph
    pi, logp, logp_pi, v = actor_critic(x_ph, a_ph, **ac_kwargs)

    # Need all placeholders in *this* order later (to zip with data from buffer)
    all_phs = [x_ph, a_ph, adv_ph, ret_ph, logp_old_ph]

    # Every step, get: action, value, and logprob
    get_action_ops = [pi, v, logp_pi]

    # Experience buffer
    local_steps_per_epoch = int(steps_per_epoch / num_procs())
    buf = PPOBuffer(obs_dim, act_dim, local_steps_per_epoch, gamma, lam)

    # Count variables
    var_counts = tuple(core.count_vars(scope) for scope in ['pi', 'v'])
    logger.log('\nNumber of parameters: \t pi: %d, \t v: %d\n' % var_counts)

    # PPO objectives
    ratio = tf.exp(logp - logp_old_ph)  # pi(a|s) / pi_old(a|s)
    min_adv = tf.where(adv_ph > 0, (1 + clip_ratio) * adv_ph,
                       (1 - clip_ratio) * adv_ph)
    pi_loss = -tf.reduce_mean(tf.minimum(ratio * adv_ph, min_adv))
    v_loss = tf.reduce_mean((ret_ph - v)**2)

    # Info (useful to watch during learning)
    approx_kl = tf.reduce_mean(
        logp_old_ph -
        logp)  # a sample estimate for KL-divergence, easy to compute
    approx_ent = tf.reduce_mean(
        -logp)  # a sample estimate for entropy, also easy to compute
    clipped = tf.logical_or(ratio > (1 + clip_ratio), ratio < (1 - clip_ratio))
    clipfrac = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(clipped, tf.float32))

    # Optimizers
    train_pi = MpiAdamOptimizer(learning_rate=pi_lr).minimize(pi_loss)
    train_v = MpiAdamOptimizer(learning_rate=vf_lr).minimize(v_loss)

    sess = tf.Session()
    sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

    # Sync params across processes
    sess.run(sync_all_params())

    # Setup model saving
    logger.setup_tf_saver(sess, inputs={'x': x_ph}, outputs={'pi': pi, 'v': v})

    def update():
        inputs = {k: v for k, v in zip(all_phs, buf.get())}
        pi_l_old, v_l_old, ent = sess.run([pi_loss, v_loss, approx_ent],
                                          feed_dict=inputs)

        # Training
        for i in range(train_pi_iters):
            _, kl = sess.run([train_pi, approx_kl], feed_dict=inputs)
            kl = mpi_avg(kl)
            if kl > 1.5 * target_kl:
                logger.log(
                    'Early stopping at step %d due to reaching max kl.' % i)
                break
        logger.store(StopIter=i)
        for _ in range(train_v_iters):
            sess.run(train_v, feed_dict=inputs)

        # Log changes from update
        pi_l_new, v_l_new, kl, cf = sess.run(
            [pi_loss, v_loss, approx_kl, clipfrac], feed_dict=inputs)
        logger.store(LossPi=pi_l_old,
                     LossV=v_l_old,
                     KL=kl,
                     Entropy=ent,
                     ClipFrac=cf,
                     DeltaLossPi=(pi_l_new - pi_l_old),
                     DeltaLossV=(v_l_new - v_l_old))

    start_time = time.time()
    return_list = []
    o, r, d, ep_ret, ep_len = env.reset(), 0, False, 0, 0

    # Main loop: collect experience in env and update/log each epoch
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        for t in range(local_steps_per_epoch):
            a, v_t, logp_t = sess.run(get_action_ops,
                                      feed_dict={x_ph: o.reshape(1, -1)})

            # save and log
            buf.store(o, a, r, v_t, logp_t)
            logger.store(VVals=v_t)

            o, r, d, _ = env.step(a[0])
            ep_ret += r
            ep_len += 1

            terminal = d or (ep_len == max_ep_len)
            if terminal or (t == local_steps_per_epoch - 1):
                if not (terminal):
                    print('Warning: trajectory cut off by epoch at %d steps.' %
                          ep_len)
                # if trajectory didn't reach terminal state, bootstrap value target
                last_val = r if d else sess.run(
                    v, feed_dict={x_ph: o.reshape(1, -1)})
                buf.finish_path(last_val)
                if terminal:
                    # only save EpRet / EpLen if trajectory finished
                    logger.store(EpRet=ep_ret, EpLen=ep_len)
                    return_list.append(ep_ret)
                o, r, d, ep_ret, ep_len = env.reset(), 0, False, 0, 0

        # Save model
        if (epoch % save_freq == 0) or (epoch == epochs - 1):
            logger.save_state({'env': env}, None)

        # Perform PPO update!
        update()

        # Log info about epoch
        logger.log_tabular('Epoch', epoch)
        logger.log_tabular('EpRet', with_min_and_max=True)
        logger.log_tabular('EpLen', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('VVals', with_min_and_max=True)
        logger.log_tabular('TotalEnvInteracts', (epoch + 1) * steps_per_epoch)
        logger.log_tabular('LossPi', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('LossV', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('DeltaLossPi', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('DeltaLossV', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('Entropy', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('KL', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('ClipFrac', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('StopIter', average_only=True)
        logger.log_tabular('Time', time.time() - start_time)
        logger.dump_tabular()
    np.savetxt('../data/run_0702/change_env/training_data/env_return.txt',
               return_list)