def __mine(self, mempool: Set[Transaction], chain: Chain,
wallet: Wallet) -> Block:
c_pool = list(copy.deepcopy(mempool))
mlist = self.__calculate_transactions(c_pool)
logger.debug(len(mlist))
block_header = BlockHeader(
version=consts.MINER_VERSION,
height=chain.length,
prev_block_hash=dhash(chain.header_list[-1]),
merkle_root=merkle_hash(mlist),
timestamp=int(time.time()),
signature="",
)
sign = wallet.sign(dhash(block_header))
block_header.signature = sign
block = Block(header=block_header, transactions=mlist)
r = requests.post("http://0.0.0.0:" + str(consts.MINER_SERVER_PORT) +
"/newblock",
data=compress(block.to_json()))
if r.text == "Block Received":
vjti_chain_relayer = VJTIChainRelayer(wallet)
vjti_chain_relayer.new_block(block)
logger.info(f"Miner: Mined Block with {len(mlist)} transaction(s)")
return block
else:
logger.info(
f"Miner: Could not mine block with {len(mlist)} transaction(s)"
)
return None
def render_block_header(hdr):
html = "<table>"
html += "<tr><th>" + "Height" + "</th>"
html += "<td>" + str(hdr.height) + "</td></tr>"
html += "<tr><th>" + "Block Hash" + "</th>"
html += "<td>" + dhash(hdr) + "</td></tr>"
html += "<tr><th>" + "Prev Block Hash" + "</th>"
html += "<td>" + str(hdr.prev_block_hash) + "</td></tr>"
html += "<tr><th>" + "Merkle Root" + "</th>"
html += "<td>" + str(hdr.merkle_root) + "</td></tr>"
html += "<tr><th>" + "Timestamp" + "</th>"
html += ("<td>" + str(
datetime.fromtimestamp(hdr.timestamp).strftime("%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S")) +
" (" + str(hdr.timestamp) + ")</td></tr>")
# get block
block = Block.from_json(get_block_from_db(dhash(hdr))).object()
html += "<tr><th>" + "Transactions" + "</th>"
html += "<td>" + str(len(block.transactions)) + "</td></tr>"
# for i, transaction in enumerate(block.transactions):
# s = "coinbase: " + str(transaction.is_coinbase) + ", fees: " + str(transaction.fees)
# html += "<tr><th>Transaction " + str(i) + "</th><td>" + str(s) + "</td></tr>"
html += "</table>"
return str(html)
def add_block(self, block: Block, is_genesis: bool) -> bool:
if is_genesis or self.is_block_valid(block):
self.header_list.append(block.header)
self.update_utxo(block)
self.length = len(self.header_list)
add_block_to_db(block)
for tx in block.transactions:
pub_key, data = tx.summarize()
for address in data:
amount = data[address]
timestamp = tx.timestamp
bhash = dhash(block.header)
thash = dhash(tx)
message = tx.message
history = generate_tx_hist(amount, pub_key, timestamp,
bhash, thash, message)
self.transaction_history.append(address, history)
history = generate_tx_hist(-amount, address, timestamp,
bhash, thash, message)
self.transaction_history.append(pub_key, history)
logger.info("Chain: Added Block " + str(block))
return True
return False
def is_block_valid(self, block: Block):
# Check if the block is valid -1
local_utxo = copy.deepcopy(self.utxo)
if not block.is_valid():
logger.debug("Block is not valid")
return False
# Ensure the prev block header matches the previous block hash in the Chain -4
if len(self.header_list) > 0 and not dhash(
self.header_list[-1]) == block.header.prev_block_hash:
logger.debug(
"Chain: Block prev header does not match previous block")
return False
# Validating each transaction in block
for t in block.transactions:
if self.is_transaction_valid(t):
thash = dhash(t)
# Remove the spent outputs
for tinput in t.vin:
so = t.vin[tinput].payout
if so:
if local_utxo.get(so)[0] is not None:
local_utxo.remove(so)
else:
logger.error(
"Chain: Single output missing in UTxO, Transaction invalid"
)
return False
else:
logger.error(
"Chain: No Single output, Transaction invalid")
return False
# Add new unspent outputs
for touput in t.vout:
local_utxo.set(SingleOutput(txid=thash, vout=touput),
t.vout[touput], block.header)
else:
logger.debug("Chain: Transaction not valid")
return False
# Validate Authority Signature
timestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(block.header.timestamp)
seconds_since_midnight = (timestamp - timestamp.replace(
hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)).total_seconds()
for authority in authority_rules["authorities"]:
if seconds_since_midnight <= authority[
"to"] and seconds_since_midnight >= authority["from"]:
blk_hdr = copy.deepcopy(block.header)
blk_hdr.signature = ""
if Wallet.verify(dhash(blk_hdr), block.header.signature,
authority["pubkey"]):
return True
return False
def __mine(self, mempool: Set[Transaction], chain: Chain,
payout_addr: str) -> Block:
c_pool = list(copy.deepcopy(mempool))
mlist, fees = self.__calculate_best_transactions(c_pool)
# logger.debug(f"Miner: Will mine {len(mlist)} transactions and get {fees} scoins in fees")
coinbase_tx_in = {
0:
TxIn(payout=None,
sig="Receiving some Money",
pub_key="Does it matter?")
}
coinbase_tx_out = {
0: TxOut(amount=chain.current_block_reward(), address=payout_addr),
1: TxOut(amount=fees, address=payout_addr),
}
coinbase_tx = Transaction(
is_coinbase=True,
version=consts.MINER_VERSION,
fees=0,
timestamp=int(time.time()),
locktime=-1,
vin=coinbase_tx_in,
vout=coinbase_tx_out,
)
mlist.insert(0, coinbase_tx)
block_header = BlockHeader(
version=consts.MINER_VERSION,
height=chain.length,
prev_block_hash=dhash(chain.header_list[-1]),
merkle_root=merkle_hash(mlist),
timestamp=int(time.time()),
target_difficulty=chain.target_difficulty,
nonce=0,
)
DONE = False
for n in range(2**64):
block_header.nonce = n
bhash = dhash(block_header)
if chain.is_proper_difficulty(bhash):
block = Block(header=block_header, transactions=mlist)
requests.post("http://0.0.0.0:" +
str(consts.MINER_SERVER_PORT) + "/newblock",
data=compress(block.to_json()))
logger.info(
f"Miner: Mined Block with {len(mlist)} transactions, Got {fees} in fees and {chain.current_block_reward()} as reward"
)
DONE = True
break
if not DONE:
logger.error(
"Miner: Exhausted all 2 ** 64 values without finding proper hash"
)
def remove_transactions_from_mempool(self, block: Block):
"""Removes transaction from the mempool based on a new received block
Arguments:
block {Block} -- The block which is received
"""
new_mempool = set()
for x in self.mempool:
DONE = True
for t in block.transactions:
if dhash(x) == dhash(t):
DONE = False
if DONE:
new_mempool.add(x)
self.mempool = new_mempool
def send_block_hashes():
peer_height = int(request.form.get("myheight"))
hash_list = []
for i in range(peer_height, ACTIVE_CHAIN.length):
hash_list.append(dhash(ACTIVE_CHAIN.header_list[i]))
logger.debug(peer_height)
return jsonify(hash_list)
def process_new_block(request_data: bytes) -> str:
global BLOCKCHAIN
block_json = decompress(request_data)
if block_json:
try:
block = Block.from_json(block_json).object()
# Check if block already exists
if get_block_from_db(dhash(block.header)):
logger.info("Server: Received block exists, doing nothing")
return "Block already Received Before"
if BLOCKCHAIN.add_block(block):
logger.info(
"Server: Received a New Valid Block, Adding to Chain")
logger.debug("Server: Sending new block to peers")
# Broadcast block to other peers
send_to_all_peers("/newblock", request_data)
else:
return "Block Received, but was not added, due to some error"
except Exception as e:
logger.error("Server: New Block: invalid block received " + str(e))
return "Invalid Block Received"
# Kill Miner
t = Timer(1, miner.stop_mining)
t.start()
return "Block Received"
logger.error("Server: Invalid Block Received")
return "Invalid Block"
def build_from_header_list(cls, hlist: List[BlockHeader]):
nchain = cls()
nchain.header_list = []
for header in hlist:
block = Block.from_json(get_block_from_db(dhash(header))).object()
nchain.add_block(block)
return nchain
def send_block_hashes():
log_ip(request, inspect.stack()[0][3])
peer_height = int(request.forms.get("myheight"))
hash_list = []
for i in range(peer_height, BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length):
hash_list.append(dhash(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[i]))
return compress(json.dumps(hash_list)).decode()
def sendinfo():
log_ip(request, inspect.stack()[0][3])
s = ("No. of Blocks: " + str(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length) + "<br>" +
dhash(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[-1]) + "<br>" + "Balance " +
str(check_balance(MY_WALLET.public_key)) + "<br>Public Key: <br>" +
str(get_wallet_from_db(consts.MINER_SERVER_PORT)[1]))
return s
def send_block_hashes():
peer_height = int(request.forms.get("myheight"))
hash_list = []
for i in range(peer_height, BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length):
hash_list.append(dhash(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[i]))
# logger.debug("Server: Sending Peer this Block Hash List: " + str(hash_list))
return compress(json.dumps(hash_list)).decode()
def add_block(self, block: Block):
# if check_block_in_db(dhash(block.header)):
# logger.debug("Chain: AddBlock: Block already exists")
# return True
blockAdded = False
for chain in self.chains:
if chain.length == 0 or block.header.prev_block_hash == dhash(
chain.header_list[-1]):
if chain.add_block(block):
BlockChain.block_ref_count[dhash(block.header)] += 1
self.update_active_chain()
if chain is self.active_chain:
# Remove the transactions from MemPool
self.remove_transactions_from_mempool(block)
blockAdded = True
if blockAdded:
return True
# Check if we need to fork
self.chains.sort(key=attrgetter("length"), reverse=True)
new_chains = copy.deepcopy(self.chains)
for chain in new_chains:
hlist = copy.deepcopy(chain.header_list)
for h in reversed(hlist):
# Check if block can be added for current header
if dhash(h) == block.header.prev_block_hash:
newhlist = []
for hh in chain.header_list:
newhlist.append(hh)
if dhash(hh) == block.header.prev_block_hash:
break
nchain = Chain.build_from_header_list(newhlist)
if nchain.add_block(block):
for header in nchain.header_list:
BlockChain.block_ref_count[dhash(header)] += 1
if nchain not in self.chains:
self.chains.append(nchain)
self.update_active_chain()
logger.debug(
f"There was a soft fork and a new chain was created with length {nchain.length}"
)
return True
return False
def update_active_chain(self):
self.active_chain = max(self.chains, key=attrgetter("length"))
max_length = self.active_chain.length
# Try removing old chains
new_chains = []
for chain in self.chains:
if chain.length > max_length - consts.FORK_CHAIN_HEIGHT:
new_chains.append(chain)
else:
for hdr in chain.header_list:
if BlockChain.block_ref_count[dhash(hdr)] == 1:
del BlockChain.block_ref_count[dhash(hdr)]
remove_block_from_db(dhash(hdr))
else:
BlockChain.block_ref_count[dhash(hdr)] -= 1
self.chains = new_chains
# Save Active Chain to DB
write_header_list_to_db(self.active_chain.header_list)
def sendinfo():
s = ("No. of Blocks: " + str(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length) + "<br>" +
dhash(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[-1]) + "<br>" +
"Number of chains " + str(len(BLOCKCHAIN.chains)) + "<br>" +
"Balance " + str(check_balance()) + "<br>" + "Difficulty: " +
str(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.target_difficulty) + "<br>Block reward " +
str(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.current_block_reward()) +
"<br>Public Key: <br>" +
str(get_wallet_from_db(consts.MINER_SERVER_PORT)[1]))
return s
def explorer():
log_ip(request, inspect.stack()[0][3])
prev = int(request.query.prev or 0)
if prev < 0:
prev = 0
hdr_list = list(reversed(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list))
indexes = [i for i in range(prev * 8, (prev + 1) * 8) if i < len(hdr_list)]
blocks = [Block.from_json(get_block_from_db(dhash(hdr_list[i]))).object() for i in indexes]
transactions = list(BLOCKCHAIN.mempool)
return template("explorer.html", blocks=blocks, transactions=transactions, prev=prev)
def update_utxo(self, block: Block):
block_transactions: List[Transaction] = block.transactions
for t in block_transactions:
thash = dhash(t)
# Remove the spent outputs
for tinput in t.vin:
so = t.vin[tinput].payout
if so:
self.utxo.remove(so)
# Add new unspent outputs
for toutput in t.vout:
self.utxo.set(SingleOutput(txid=thash, vout=toutput), t.vout[toutput], block.header)
def add_block(self, block: Block) -> bool:
blockAdded = False
chain = self.active_chain
is_genesis = chain.length == 0
if is_genesis or block.header.prev_block_hash == dhash(chain.header_list[-1]):
if chain.add_block(block, is_genesis):
self.update_active_chain()
self.remove_transactions_from_mempool(block)
blockAdded = True
return blockAdded
def visualize_chain():
data = []
start = BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length - 10 if BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length > 10 else 0
for i, chain in enumerate(BLOCKCHAIN.chains):
headers = []
if len(chain.header_list) > 200:
for hdr in chain.header_list[:100]:
d = {}
d["hash"] = dhash(hdr)[-5:]
d["time"] = hdr.timestamp
d["data"] = render_block_header(hdr)
d["height"] = hdr.height
headers.append(d)
for hdr in chain.header_list[-100:]:
d = {}
d["hash"] = dhash(hdr)[-5:]
d["time"] = hdr.timestamp
d["data"] = render_block_header(hdr)
d["height"] = hdr.height
headers.append(d)
data.append(headers)
return template("chains.html", data=data, start=start)
def visualize_chain():
log_ip(request, inspect.stack()[0][3])
data = []
start = BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length - 10 if BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.length > 10 else 0
headers = []
hdr_list = BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list
if len(hdr_list) > 200:
hdr_list = BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[:100] + BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[-100:]
for hdr in hdr_list:
d = {}
d["hash"] = dhash(hdr)[-5:]
d["time"] = hdr.timestamp
d["data"] = render_block_header(hdr)
headers.append(d)
data.append(headers)
return template("chains.html", data=data, start=start)
def is_block_valid(self, block: Block):
# Check if the block is valid -1
if not block.is_valid():
logger.debug("Block is not valid")
return False
# Block hash should have proper difficulty -2
if not block.header.target_difficulty >= self.target_difficulty:
logger.debug("Chain: BlockHeader has invalid difficulty")
return False
if not self.is_proper_difficulty(dhash(block.header)):
logger.debug("Chain: Block has invalid POW")
return False
# Block should not have been mined more than 2 hours in the future -3
difference = get_time_difference_from_now_secs(block.header.timestamp)
if difference > consts.BLOCK_MAX_TIME_FUTURE_SECS:
logger.debug("Block: Time Stamp not valid")
return False
# Reject if timestamp is the median time of the last 11 blocks or before -5
if len(self.header_list) > 11:
last_11 = self.header_list[-11:]
last_11_timestamp = []
for bl in last_11:
last_11_timestamp.append(bl.timestamp)
med = median(last_11_timestamp)
if block.header.timestamp <= med:
logger.debug("Chain: Median time past")
return False
# Ensure the prev block header matches the previous block hash in the Chain -4
if len(self.header_list) > 0 and not dhash(
self.header_list[-1]) == block.header.prev_block_hash:
logger.debug(
"Chain: Block prev header does not match previous block")
return False
# Validating each transaction in block
for tx in block.transactions:
if not self.is_transaction_valid(tx):
logger.debug("Chain: Transaction not valid")
return False
# Validate that the first coinbase Transaction has valid Block reward and fees
remaining_transactions = block.transactions[1:]
fee_total = 0
for tx in remaining_transactions:
if not self.is_transaction_valid(tx):
logger.debug("Chain: Transaction not valid")
return False
else:
fee_total += tx.fees
if not len(block.transactions[0].vout) == 2:
logger.debug("Chain: Coinbase vout length != 2")
return False
if not block.transactions[0].vout[1].amount == fee_total:
logger.debug("Chain: Coinbase fee invalid")
return False
if not block.transactions[0].vout[
0].amount == self.current_block_reward():
logger.debug("Chain: Coinbase reward invalid")
return False
return True
def build_utxo(self):
for header in self.header_list:
block = Block.from_json(get_block_from_db(dhash(header))).object()
self.update_utxo(block)
from utils.utils import dhash
def is_proper_difficulty(target_difficulty, bhash: str) -> bool:
pow = 0
for c in bhash:
if not c == "0":
break
else:
pow += 1
if pow < target_difficulty:
return False
return True
print(genesis_block, dhash(genesis_block_header))
for difficulty in range(5, 10):
tss = time.time()
for n in range(2 ** 64):
genesis_block_header.nonce = n
genesis_block_header.target_difficulty = difficulty
bhash = dhash(genesis_block_header)
if is_proper_difficulty(difficulty, bhash):
print(f"Timestamp {int(tss)} Nonce {n} hash {bhash}\n Difficulty {difficulty} in {(time.time() - tss)} secs")
print(genesis_block_header)
DONE = True
break
if not DONE:
print("Miner: Exhausted all 2 ** 64 values without finding proper hash")
def __hash__(self):
return int(dhash(self), 16)
def get_block_header_hash(height):
return dhash(BLOCKCHAIN.active_chain.header_list[height])
def __repr__(self):
return dhash(self.header)
def hash(self):
return dhash(self)
def __eq__(self, other):
for i, h in enumerate(self.header_list):
if dhash(h) != dhash(other.header_list[i]):
return False
return True
return get_block_from_db(hhash)
return "Hash hi nahi bheja LOL"
@app.route("/getblockhashes", methods=["POST"])
def send_block_hashes():
peer_height = int(request.form.get("myheight"))
hash_list = []
for i in range(peer_height, ACTIVE_CHAIN.length):
hash_list.append(dhash(ACTIVE_CHAIN.header_list[i]))
logger.debug(peer_height)
return jsonify(hash_list)
# The singleOutput for first coinbase transaction in genesis block
so = SingleOutput(txid=dhash(genesis_block_transaction[0]), vout=0)
first_block_transactions = [
Transaction(
version=1,
locktime=0,
timestamp=2,
is_coinbase=True,
fees=0,
vin={0: TxIn(payout=None, sig="", pub_key=consts.WALLET_PUBLIC)},
vout={
0: TxOut(amount=5000000000, address=consts.WALLET_PUBLIC),
1: TxOut(amount=4000000000, address=consts.WALLET_PUBLIC),
},
),
Transaction(
def fetch_peer_list():
r = requests.get(consts.SEED_SERVER_URL)
peer_list = json.loads(r.text)
return peer_list
def get_peer_url(peer: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
return "http://" + str(peer["ip"]) + ":" + str(peer["port"])
if __name__ == "__main__":
# The singleOutput for first coinbase transaction in genesis block
so = SingleOutput(txid=dhash(first_block_transaction[0]), vout=0)
first_transaction = Transaction(
version=1,
locktime=0,
timestamp=3,
is_coinbase=False,
fees=4000000000,
vin={0: TxIn(payout=so, sig="", pub_key=consts.WALLET_PUBLIC)},
vout={0: TxOut(amount=1000000000, address=consts.WALLET_PUBLIC)}
)
sign_copy_of_tx = copy.deepcopy(first_transaction)
sign_copy_of_tx.vin = {}
w = Wallet()
w.public_key = consts.WALLET_PUBLIC