def test_emitter_reentrance_allowed_when_blocked3():
# Like the previous, but blocking callbacks instead of the event itself.
# Allows more fine-grained control. To some extent anyway - all callbacks
# of the event must be blocked to prevent raising the emitter loop error.
e1 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test1')
e2 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test2')
count = 0
@e1.connect
def foo(x):
nonlocal count
count += 1
with e1.blocker(foo):
e2()
@e2.connect
def bar(x):
nonlocal count
count += 10
e1()
@e2.connect
def eggs(x):
nonlocal count
count += 100
e1()
e1()
assert count == 111
def test_chained_emitters(self):
"""Chained emitters"""
em1 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test_event1')
em2 = EventEmitter(source=self, type='test_event2')
em1.connect(em2)
em1.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = em1()
self.assert_result(
event=ev,
event_class=Event,
source=None,
type='test_event1',
sources=[None])
# sources look different from second emitter, but type is the same.
em1.disconnect(self.record_event)
em2.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = em1()
self.assert_result(
event=ev,
event_class=Event,
source=self,
type='test_event1',
sources=[
None,
self])
def test_emitter_reentrance_allowed_when_blocked2():
# More realistic re-entrance example
# The real world case for this might be a longer chain of events
# where event1's callback knows that what it's doing will trigger
# the same event so it blocks it:
# event1 -> foo -> event2 -> bar -> event1 -> (ignored bc blocked).
e1 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test1')
e2 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test2')
count = 0
@e1.connect
def foo(x):
nonlocal count
count += 1
with e1.blocker():
e2()
@e2.connect
def bar(x):
nonlocal count
count += 10
e1()
e1()
assert count == 11
def test_emitter_type_event_class(self):
"""Emitter constructed with event_class argument"""
em = EventEmitter(event_class=BasicEvent)
ev = self.try_emitter(em, type='test_event')
self.assert_result(event=ev,
event_class=BasicEvent,
source=None,
type='test_event',
sources=[None])
# specifying non-event class should fail (eventually):
class X:
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.blocked = False
def _push_source(self, s):
pass
def _pop_source(self):
pass
try:
em = EventEmitter(event_class=X)
ev = self.try_emitter(em, type='test_event')
self.assert_result() # checks event type
assert False, \
"Should not be able to construct emitter with non-Event class"
except Exception:
pass
def test_event_kwargs(self):
"""Extra Event kwargs"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.default_args['key1'] = 'test1'
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
em(key2='test2')
self.assert_result(key1='test1', key2='test2')
def test_event_kwargs(self):
"""Extra Event kwargs"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.default_args['key1'] = 'test1'
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
em(key2='test2')
self.assert_result(key1='test1', key2='test2')
def test_multiple_callbacks(self):
"""Multiple emitter callbacks"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=1))
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=2))
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=3))
ev = em()
self.assert_result(key=1, event=ev, sources=[None])
self.assert_result(key=2, event=ev, sources=[None])
self.assert_result(key=3, event=ev, sources=[None])
def test_reconnect(self):
"""Ignore callback reconnect"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb(ev):
self.result += 1
em.connect(cb)
em.connect(cb) # second connection should do nothing.
self.result = 0
em()
assert self.result == 1
def test_prebuilt_event(self):
"""Emit pre-built event"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.default_args['key1'] = 'test1'
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = Event(type='my_type')
em(ev)
self.assert_result(event=ev, type='my_type')
assert not hasattr(self.result[0], 'key1')
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(DXCanvas, self).__init__(keys='interactive', **kwargs)
self.size = 450, 450
self.unfreeze()
# add grid central widget
self.grid = self.central_widget.add_grid()
# add view to grid
self.view = self.grid.add_view(row=0, col=0)
self.view.border_color = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1)
# This is hardcoded now, but maybe handled as the data source changes
self.img_data = np.zeros((360, 128))
# initialize colormap, we take cubehelix for now
# this is the most nice colormap for radar in vispy
cmap = 'cubehelix'
# this way we can hold several images on the same scene
# usable for radar mosaic
self.images = []
self.image = PolarImage(
source=None,
data=self.img_data,
method='impostor',
# interpolation='bicubic',
cmap=cmap,
clim=(-32.5, 95),
parent=self.view.scene)
self.images.append(self.image)
# add signal emitters
self.mouse_moved = EventEmitter(source=self, type="mouse_moved")
self.key_pressed = EventEmitter(source=self, type="key_pressed")
# block double clicks
self.events.mouse_double_click.block()
# create PanZoomCamera
# the camera should zoom to the ppi "bounding box"
self.cam = PanZoomCamera(name="PanZoom",
rect=Rect(0, 0, 256, 256),
aspect=1,
parent=self.view.scene)
self.view.camera = self.cam
self._mouse_position = None
self.freeze()
self.measure_fps()
def test_prebuilt_event(self):
"""Emit pre-built event"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.default_args['key1'] = 'test1'
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = Event(type='my_type')
em(ev)
self.assert_result(event=ev, type='my_type')
assert not hasattr(self.result[0], 'key1')
def test_emitter_block(self):
"""EventEmitter.blocker"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
with em.blocker():
em()
assert self.result is None
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
def test_emitter_block(self):
"""EventEmitter.blocker"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
with em.blocker():
em()
assert self.result is None
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
def test_event_handling(self):
"""Event.handled"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb1(ev):
ev.handled = True
def cb2(ev):
assert ev.handled
self.result = 1
em.connect(cb2)
em.connect(cb1)
self.result = None
em()
assert self.result == 1
def test_source_stack_integrity(self):
"""Emitter checks source stack"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb(ev):
ev._sources.append('x')
em.connect(cb)
try:
em()
except RuntimeError as err:
if str(err) != 'Event source-stack mismatch.':
raise
em.disconnect()
def cb(ev):
ev._sources = []
em.connect(cb)
try:
em()
except IndexError:
pass
def __init__(self, entity, container, slot):
self.entity = entity
self.container = None
self.slot = None
# emitted when this actual location changes
self.changed = EventEmitter(source=self,
type='location_change',
event_class=LocationChangeEvent)
# emitted when this location or any parent changes
self.global_changed = EventEmitter(source=self,
type='global_location_change',
event_class=LocationChangeEvent)
self.update(container, slot)
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(RadolanCanvas, self).__init__(keys='interactive', **kwargs)
# set size ov Canvas
self.size = 450, 450
# unfreeze needed to add more elements
self.unfreeze()
# add grid central widget
self.grid = self.central_widget.add_grid()
# add view to grid
self.view = self.grid.add_view(row=0, col=0)
self.view.border_color = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1)
# add signal emitters
self.mouse_moved = EventEmitter(source=self, type="mouse_moved")
# block double clicks
self.events.mouse_double_click.block()
# initialize empty RADOLAN image
img_data = np.zeros((900, 900))
# initialize colormap, we take cubehelix for now
# this is the most nice colormap for radar in vispy
cmap = 'cubehelix'
# initialize Image Visual with img_data
# add to view
self.image = Image(
img_data,
method='subdivide',
#interpolation='bicubic',
cmap=cmap,
parent=self.view.scene)
# add transform to Image
# (mostly positioning within canvas)
self.image.transform = STTransform(translate=(0, 0, 0))
# get radolan ll point coodinate into self.r0
self.r0 = utils.get_radolan_origin()
# create cities (Markers and Text Visuals
self.create_cities()
# create PanZoomCamera
self.cam = PanZoomCamera(name="PanZoom",
rect=Rect(0, 0, 900, 900),
aspect=1,
parent=self.view.scene)
self.view.camera = self.cam
self._mouse_position = None
self.freeze()
# print FPS to console, vispy SceneCanvas internal function
self.measure_fps()
def test_emitter_loop(self):
"""Catch emitter loops"""
em1 = EventEmitter(type='test_event1')
em2 = EventEmitter(type='test_event2')
em1.ignore_callback_errors = False
em2.ignore_callback_errors = False
# cross-connect emitters; when we emit, an exception should be raised
# indicating an event loop.
em1.connect(em2)
em2.connect(em1)
try:
em1()
except RuntimeError as err:
if str(err) != 'EventEmitter loop detected!':
raise err
def test_emitter_type(self):
"""Emitter constructed with type argument"""
em = EventEmitter(type='asdf')
ev = self.try_emitter(em)
self.assert_result(event=ev, event_class=Event, source=None, type='asdf', sources=[None])
# overriding type is ok:
ev = self.try_emitter(em, type='qwer')
self.assert_result(event=ev, event_class=Event, source=None, type='qwer', sources=[None])
def test_typed_event(self):
"""Emit Event class with pre-specified type"""
em = EventEmitter(event_class=TypedEvent)
ev = self.try_emitter(em) # no need to specify type here
self.assert_result(event=ev,
event_class=TypedEvent,
source=None,
type='typed_event',
sources=[None])
def test_symbolic_callback(self):
"""Symbolic callbacks"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
# now check overriding the connected method
def cb(ev):
self.result = 1
self.result = None
orig_method = self.record_event
try:
self.record_event = cb
em()
assert self.result == 1
finally:
self.record_event = orig_method
def test_symbolic_callback(self):
"""Symbolic callbacks"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
# now check overriding the connected method
def cb(ev):
self.result = 1
self.result = None
orig_method = self.record_event
try:
self.record_event = cb
em()
assert self.result == 1
finally:
self.record_event = orig_method
def test_decorator_connection(self):
"""Connection by decorator"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
@em.connect
def cb(ev):
self.result = 1
self.result = None
em()
assert self.result == 1
def test_emitter_source(self):
"""Emitter constructed with source argument"""
em = EventEmitter(source=self)
ev = self.try_emitter(em, type='test_event')
self.assert_result(event=ev, event_class=Event, source=self, type='test_event', sources=[self])
# overriding source should fail:
try:
ev = em(type='test_event', source=None)
assert False, "Should not be able to specify source when emitting"
except AttributeError:
pass
def test_emitter_loop(self):
"""Catch emitter loops"""
em1 = EventEmitter(type='test_event1')
em2 = EventEmitter(type='test_event2')
em1.ignore_callback_errors = False
em2.ignore_callback_errors = False
# cross-connect emitters; when we emit, an exception should be raised
# indicating an event loop.
em1.connect(em2)
em2.connect(em1)
try:
em1()
except RuntimeError as err:
if str(err) != 'EventEmitter loop detected!':
raise err
def test_emitter_reentrance_allowed_when_blocked1():
# Minimal re-entrance example
e = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test')
count = 0
@e.connect
def foo(x):
nonlocal count
count += 1
with e.blocker():
e()
e()
assert count == 1
def test_emitter(self):
"""Emitter constructed with no arguments"""
em = EventEmitter()
# type must be specified when emitting since Event requires type argument
# and the emitter was constructed without it.
try:
em()
assert False, "Emitting event with no type should have failed."
except TypeError:
pass
# See that emitted event has all of the properties we expect
ev = self.try_emitter(em, type='test_event')
self.assert_result(event=ev, event_class=Event, source=None, type='test_event', sources=[None])
def test_multiple_callbacks(self):
"""Multiple emitter callbacks"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=1))
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=2))
em.connect(functools.partial(self.record_event, key=3))
ev = em()
self.assert_result(key=1, event=ev, sources=[None])
self.assert_result(key=2, event=ev, sources=[None])
self.assert_result(key=3, event=ev, sources=[None])
def test_emission_order(self):
"""Event emission order"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb1(ev):
self.result = 1
def cb2(ev):
self.result = 2
em.connect(cb1)
em.connect(cb2)
self.result = None
em()
assert self.result == 1, "Events emitted in wrong order"
em.disconnect()
em.connect(cb2)
em.connect(cb1)
self.result = None
em()
assert self.result == 2, "Events emitted in wrong order"
def test_event_block(self):
"""Event.blocked"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb1(ev):
ev.handled = True
self.result = 1
def cb2(ev):
ev.blocked = True
self.result = 2
em.connect(self.record_event)
em.connect(cb1)
self.result = None
em()
self.assert_result()
em.connect(cb2)
self.result = None
em()
assert self.result == 2
def test_emitter_error_handling(self):
"""Emitter error handling"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
em.print_callback_errors = False
def cb(ev):
raise Exception('test')
# first callback fails; second callback still runs.
em.connect(self.record_event)
em.connect(cb)
self.result = None
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
# this time we should get an exception
self.result = None
em.ignore_callback_errors = False
try:
em()
assert False, "Emission should have raised exception"
except Exception as err:
if str(err) != 'test':
raise
def test_source_stack_integrity(self):
"""Emitter checks source stack"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb(ev):
ev._sources.append('x')
em.connect(cb)
try:
em()
except RuntimeError as err:
if str(err) != 'Event source-stack mismatch.':
raise
em.disconnect()
def cb(ev):
ev._sources = []
em.connect(cb)
try:
em()
except IndexError:
pass
def test_emitter_block():
state = [False, False]
def a(ev):
state[0] = True
def b(ev):
state[1] = True
e = EventEmitter(source=None, type='event')
e.connect(a)
e.connect(b)
def assert_state(a, b):
assert state == [a, b]
state[0] = False
state[1] = False
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test global blocking
e.block()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.block()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test global unlock, multiple depth
e.unblock()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.unblock()
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test unblock failure
try:
e.unblock()
raise Exception("Expected RuntimeError")
except RuntimeError:
pass
# test single block
e.block(a)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
e.block(b)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.block(b)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test single unblock
e.unblock(a)
e()
assert_state(True, False)
e.unblock(b)
e()
assert_state(True, False)
e.unblock(b)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# Test single unblock failure
try:
e.unblock(a)
raise Exception("Expected RuntimeError")
except RuntimeError:
pass
# test global blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test nested blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test single blocker
with e.blocker(a):
e()
assert_state(False, True)
# test nested gloabel blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
# test nested single blocker
with e.blocker(a):
e()
assert_state(False, True)
with e.blocker(b):
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
def test_event_connect_order():
"""Test event connection order"""
def a():
return
def b():
return
def c():
return
def d():
return
def e():
return
def f():
return
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, c, before=['c', 'foo'])
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, c, position='foo')
assert_raises(TypeError, em.connect, c, ref=dict())
em.connect(c, ref=True)
assert_equal((c, ), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(c)
assert_equal((c, ), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(d, ref=True, position='last')
assert_equal((c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(b, ref=True) # position='first'
assert_equal((b, c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
assert_raises(RuntimeError, em.connect, a, before='c', after='d') # can't
em.connect(a, ref=True, before=['c', 'd']) # first possible pos == 0
assert_equal((a, b, c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(f, ref=True, after=['c', 'd'])
assert_equal((a, b, c, d, f), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(e, ref=True, after='d', before='f')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, ref=True, after='a', before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, ref='e', after='d', before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, after='d', before='f', position='first') # no name
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', None, 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, e, ref='d') # duplicate name
em.connect(e, ref=True, after=[], before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
assert_equal((a, b, c, d, e, f), tuple(em.callbacks))
old_e = e
def e():
return
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, e, ref=True) # duplicate name
em.connect(e)
assert_equal((None, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
assert_equal((e, a, b, c, d, old_e, f), tuple(em.callbacks))
def __init__(self):
self.events = EmitterGroup(source=self)
self.events['changed'] = EventEmitter(event_class=ConfigEvent,
source=self)
self._config = {}
def test_chained_emitters(self):
"""Chained emitters"""
em1 = EventEmitter(source=None, type='test_event1')
em2 = EventEmitter(source=self, type='test_event2')
em1.connect(em2)
em1.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = em1()
self.assert_result(event=ev,
event_class=Event,
source=None,
type='test_event1',
sources=[None])
# sources look different from second emitter, but type is the same.
em1.disconnect(self.record_event)
em2.connect(self.record_event)
self.result = None
ev = em1()
self.assert_result(event=ev,
event_class=Event,
source=self,
type='test_event1',
sources=[None, self])
def test_disconnect(self):
"""Emitter disconnection"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb1(ev):
self.result = 1
def cb2(ev):
self.result = 2
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
em.connect(cb1)
em.connect(cb2)
self.result = None
em.disconnect(cb2)
em.disconnect(cb2) # should pass silently
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
self.result = None
em.disconnect((self, 'record_event'))
ev = em()
assert self.result == 1
self.result = None
em.connect(cb1)
em.connect(cb2)
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
em.disconnect()
em()
assert self.result is None
def test_disconnect(self):
"""Emitter disconnection"""
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
def cb1(ev):
self.result = 1
def cb2(ev):
self.result = 2
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
em.connect(cb1)
em.connect(cb2)
self.result = None
em.disconnect(cb2)
em.disconnect(cb2) # should pass silently
ev = em()
self.assert_result(event=ev)
self.result = None
em.disconnect((self, 'record_event'))
ev = em()
assert self.result == 1
self.result = None
em.connect(cb1)
em.connect(cb2)
em.connect((self, 'record_event'))
em.disconnect()
em()
assert self.result is None
def test_emitter_block():
state = [False, False]
def a(ev):
state[0] = True
def b(ev):
state[1] = True
e = EventEmitter(source=None, type='event')
e.connect(a)
e.connect(b)
def assert_state(a, b):
assert state == [a, b]
state[0] = False
state[1] = False
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test global blocking
e.block()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.block()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test global unlock, multiple depth
e.unblock()
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.unblock()
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test unblock failure
try:
e.unblock()
raise Exception("Expected RuntimeError")
except RuntimeError:
pass
# test single block
e.block(a)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
e.block(b)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e.block(b)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test single unblock
e.unblock(a)
e()
assert_state(True, False)
e.unblock(b)
e()
assert_state(True, False)
e.unblock(b)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# Test single unblock failure
try:
e.unblock(a)
raise Exception("Expected RuntimeError")
except RuntimeError:
pass
# test global blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
# test nested blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
# test single blocker
with e.blocker(a):
e()
assert_state(False, True)
# test nested gloabel blocker
with e.blocker():
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
# test nested single blocker
with e.blocker(a):
e()
assert_state(False, True)
with e.blocker(b):
e()
assert_state(False, False)
e()
assert_state(False, True)
e()
assert_state(True, True)
def test_event_connect_order():
"""Test event connection order"""
def a():
return
def b():
return
def c():
return
def d():
return
def e():
return
def f():
return
em = EventEmitter(type='test_event')
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, c, before=['c', 'foo'])
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, c, position='foo')
assert_raises(TypeError, em.connect, c, ref=dict())
em.connect(c, ref=True)
assert_equal((c,), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(c)
assert_equal((c,), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(d, ref=True, position='last')
assert_equal((c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(b, ref=True) # position='first'
assert_equal((b, c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
assert_raises(RuntimeError, em.connect, a, before='c', after='d') # can't
em.connect(a, ref=True, before=['c', 'd']) # first possible pos == 0
assert_equal((a, b, c, d), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(f, ref=True, after=['c', 'd'])
assert_equal((a, b, c, d, f), tuple(em.callbacks))
em.connect(e, ref=True, after='d', before='f')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, ref=True, after='a', before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, ref='e', after='d', before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
em.connect(e, after='d', before='f', position='first') # no name
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', None, 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
em.disconnect(e)
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, e, ref='d') # duplicate name
em.connect(e, ref=True, after=[], before='f', position='last')
assert_equal(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'), tuple(em.callback_refs))
assert_equal((a, b, c, d, e, f), tuple(em.callbacks))
old_e = e
def e():
return
assert_raises(ValueError, em.connect, e, ref=True) # duplicate name
em.connect(e)
assert_equal((None, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'),
tuple(em.callback_refs))
assert_equal((e, a, b, c, d, old_e, f), tuple(em.callbacks))