class AlienInvasion:
"""Overall class to manage game behavior and assets"""
def __init__(self):
"""Inits game and creates resources"""
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.bg_color = self.settings.bg_color
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.scorebd = Scoreboard(self)
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._create_fleet()
self.play_btn = Button(self, "Play")
self.easy_btn = Button1(self, "Easy")
self.medium_btn = Button2(self, "Medium")
self.hard_btn = Button3(self, "Hard!")
def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_nr):
"""Creates alien + place it in row"""
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien_height + 2 * alien_height * row_nr
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _create_fleet(self):
"""Create the fleet of aliens"""
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = self.settings.screen_height - (
3 * alien_height) - ship_height
number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
for row_nr in range(number_rows):
for alien_nr in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_nr, row_nr)
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
"""Responds appropriately if aliens have reached an edge"""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
"""Drop fleet and change their direction"""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _ship_hit(self):
"""Respond to ship being hit by alien"""
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
# decrement ships_left
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
# get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets:
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
# create new fleet and center ship:
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
# Pause game for a bit:
sleep(1.0)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
"""Checks if aliens reached bottom of screen"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
# treat this the same as ship being hit
self._ship_hit()
break
def _update_aliens(self):
"""Updates aliens' position on screen"""
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
# look for alien0ship collisions
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
# print("Ship hit!")
self._ship_hit()
# look for aliens hitting bottom of screen:
self._check_aliens_bottom()
# A helper method
# does work inside a class but isn’t meant to be called through an instance. In
# Python, a single leading underscore indicates a helper method.
def _check_events(self):
"""Respond to keypress and mouse events"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
self._check_keydown_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
self._check_keyup_events(event)
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_btn(mouse_pos)
self._check_easy_btn(mouse_pos)
self._check_medium_btn(mouse_pos)
self._check_hard_btn(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_btn(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start new game when player clicks Play"""
btn_clicked = self.play_btn.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if btn_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_easy_btn(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start new game when player clicks Play"""
btn_clicked = self.easy_btn.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if btn_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.settings.easy_speed()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_medium_btn(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start new game when player clicks Play"""
btn_clicked = self.medium_btn.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if btn_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.settings.medium_speed()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_hard_btn(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start new game when player clicks Play"""
btn_clicked = self.hard_btn.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if btn_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.settings.hard_speed()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
"""Checks for any keydown events"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = True
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = True
if event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
self._fire_bullets()
def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
"""Checks for any keyup events"""
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
def _update_screen(self):
"""Updates img on screen and flips screen"""
self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
self.scorebd.show_score()
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_btn.draw_btn()
self.easy_btn.draw_btn()
self.medium_btn.draw_btn()
self.hard_btn.draw_btn()
pygame.display.flip()
def _fire_bullets(self):
"""creates and fires bullets on the screen"""
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
def _update_bullets(self):
"""Updates position of bullets and draws/gets rid of old ones"""
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
"""Remove any bullets + aliens that have collided"""
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens,
True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.check_high_scores()
if not self.aliens:
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
self.stats.level += 1
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.bullets.update()
def run_game(self):
"""Starts the game"""
while True:
# To call a method from within a class, use dot notation with the variable
# self and the name of the method
self._check_events() # --> helper method from above
# To further simplify run_game(), we’ll move the code for updating the screen to
# a separate method called _update_screen():
# self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)
# self.ship.blitme()
# pygame.display.flip()
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self._update_bullets()
self._update_aliens()
self._update_screen()
class AlienInvasion:
"""Overall class to manage game behavior and assets"""
def __init__(self):
"""Init game and create resources"""
# To run the game in fullscreen mode, make the following changes in
# __init__():*
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
# self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN) # *
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width # *
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height # *
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# create an instance to store game stats:
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.scorebd = Scoreboard(self)
# create ship:
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._create_fleet()
# set bg color:
self.bg_color = self.settings.bg_color # Colors in Pygame are specified as RGB colors
# make play button:
self.play_btn = Button(self, "Play")
def _create_fleet(self):
"""Create the fleet of aliens"""
# make an alien and find nr of aliens in a row
# spacing between aliens is == one alien width
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
# determine nr of rows of aliens that fit on screen
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = self.settings.screen_height - (
3 * alien_height) - ship_height
number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
# create first row of aliens
# for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
# self._create_alien(alien_number)
# create full fleet of aliens:
for row_nr in range(number_rows):
for alien_nr in range(number_aliens_x):
self._create_alien(alien_nr, row_nr)
def _create_alien(self, alien_number, row_nr):
"""Creates alien + place it in row"""
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien_height + 2 * alien_height * row_nr
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _update_aliens(self):
"""Updates aliens' position on screen"""
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
# look for alien0ship collisions
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship, self.aliens):
# print("Ship hit!")
self._ship_hit()
# look for aliens hitting bottom of screen:
self._check_aliens_bottom()
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
"""Responds appropriately if aliens have reached an edge"""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
"""Drop fleet and change their direction"""
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _ship_hit(self):
"""Respond to ship being hit by alien"""
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
# decrement ships_left
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
# get rid of any remaining aliens and bullets:
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
# create new fleet and center ship:
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
# Pause game for a bit:
sleep(1.0)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
"""Checks if aliens reached bottom of screen"""
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
# treat this the same as ship being hit
self._ship_hit()
break
def _check_play_btn(self, mouse_pos):
"""Start new game when player clicks Play"""
btn_clicked = self.play_btn.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if btn_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
# reset game stats:
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.scorebd.prep_ships()
# reset game settings:
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
# get rid of remaining aliens + bullets
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
# create new fleet
self._create_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
# hide mouse cursor:
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def run_game(self):
"""Starts the game"""
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = True
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = True
if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(
new_bullet) # -> ads to bullet/sprite group
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_position = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_btn(mouse_position)
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self.bullets.update(
) # --> calls bullet.update() for each bullet we place in the group bullets.
# get rid of bullets that have dissappeared:
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
# redraw screen during each pass through loop
self.screen.fill(self.bg_color)
# draw ship:
self.ship.blitme()
# draws bullets to screen :
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
# checks for any bullets that have hit aliens:
# if yes, get rid of bullet and alien:
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(
aliens)
self.scorebd.prep_score()
self.scorebd.check_high_scores()
# two True arguments tell Pygame to
# delete the bullets and aliens that have collided.
# To make a high-powered
# bullet that can travel to the top of the screen, destroying every alien in its
# path, you could set the first Boolean argument to False and keep the second
# Boolean argument set to True. The aliens hit would disappear, but all bullets
# would stay active until they disappeared off the top of the screen.)
if not self.aliens:
# Destroy existing bullets and create new fleet
self.bullets.empty()
self._create_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
# increase level:
self.stats.level += 1
self.scorebd.prep_level()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen) # -->
# method requires
# one argument: a surface on which to draw the elements from the group
# draw score info:
self.scorebd.show_score()
self._update_aliens()
# draw play btn if game inactive:
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_btn.draw_btn()
# make recent drawn screen visible
pygame.display.flip()