class Player():
# --- Heuristic Weights ---
# TODO: Consider if we should weigh own player's pieces higher than enemies's.
_OWN_PIECE_WEIGHT: float
_OPPONENT_PIECE_WEIGHT: float
# Don't want to prioritize mobility over pieces, so it's much smaller.
_OWN_MOBILITY_WEIGHT: float
_OPPONENT_MOBILITY_WEIGHT: float
# TODO: How to balance cohesiveness and mobility? They're opposing, in a way.
_OWN_DIVIDED_WEIGHT: float # Bad to be divided. Want to be cohesive!
_OPPONENT_DIVIDED_WEIGHT: float # Good for opponent to be divided.
_OWN_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT: float
_OPPONENT_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT: float
# Heuristic score decimal place rounding. Used to prevent floating point
# imprecision from interfering with move decisions.
_RATING_NUM_ROUNDING: int = 10
_ALPHA_START_VALUE: int = -9999
_BETA_START_VALUE: int = 9999
_SEED: int = 13373
# A reference to the current board that the agent is on.
_board: Board
_color: PlayerColor
# The depth to go in each iteration of the iterative-deepening search
# algorithm i.e. number of moves to look ahead.
_depth: int = 1
def __init__(self, color: str, parameters: List[float]):
"""
TODO
This method is called by the referee once at the beginning of the game to initialise
your player. You should use this opportunity to set up your own internal
representation of the board, and any other state you would like to maintain for the
duration of the game.
The input parameter colour is a string representing the piece colour your program
will control for this game. It can take one of only two values: the string 'white' (if
you are the White player for this game) or the string 'black' (if you are the Black
player for this game).
"""
self.parameters = parameters
self._board = Board(None, 0, GamePhase.PLACEMENT)
if (color.lower() == "white"):
self._color = PlayerColor.WHITE
else:
self._color = PlayerColor.BLACK
random.seed(Player._SEED)
def action(self, turns) -> Union[str, None]:
"""
This method is called by the referee to request an action by your player.
The input parameter turns is an integer representing the number of turns that have
taken place since the start of the current game phase. For example, if White player
has already made 11 moves in the moving phase, and Black player has made 10
moves (and the referee is asking for its 11th move), then the value of turns would
be 21.
Based on the current state of the board, your player should select its next action
and return it. Your player should represent this action based on the instructions
below, in the ‘Representing actions’ section.
"""
deltas: List[Delta] = self._board.get_all_possible_deltas(self._color)
if (len(deltas) == 0):
return None
delta_scores: Dict[Delta, float] = {}
for delta in deltas:
delta_scores[delta] = \
Player.get_alpha_beta_value(
self._board.get_next_board(delta), Player._depth - 1,
Player._ALPHA_START_VALUE,
Player._BETA_START_VALUE, self._color, self.parameters)
if self._board.round_num > 0 and \
self._board.phase == GamePhase.PLACEMENT:
test = {
k: v
for k, v in delta_scores.items()
if (not self._board.is_suicide(k))
}
delta_scores = test
best_deltas: List[Delta] = Utils.get_best_deltas(
delta_scores, self._color)
best_delta: Tuple[Delta, float]
if (len(best_deltas) > 1):
# There are more than one "best" deltas. Pick a random one.
best_delta = random.choice(list(best_deltas))
else:
best_delta = best_deltas[0]
self._board = self._board.get_next_board(best_delta[0])
# if self._color == PlayerColor.WHITE and self.parameters == [1, -1, 0.01, -0.01]:
# print([(str(delta), score) for delta, score in delta_scores.items()])
# print("{} {} DOES {} [{}]".format(self.parameters, self._color, best_delta[0], best_delta[1]))
return best_delta[0].get_referee_form()
def update(self, action: Tuple[Union[int, Tuple[int]]]):
"""
This method is called by the referee to inform your player about the opponent’s
most recent move, so that you can maintain your internal board configuration.
The input parameter action is a representation of the opponent’s recent action
based on the instructions below, in the ‘Representing actions’ section.
This method should not return anything.
Note: update() is only called to notify your player about the opponent’s actions.
Your player will not be notified about its own actions.
- To represent the action of placing a piece on square (x,y), use a tuple (x,y).
- To represent the action of moving a piece from square (a,b) to square (c,d), use
a nested tuple ((a,b),(c,d)).
- To represent a forfeited turn, use the value None.
"""
# TODO
# Easiest way to generate a Delta from 'action' seems to be to use
# board.get_valid_movements or board.get_valid_placements and then
# "getting" the Delta being made by matching the Pos2Ds.
if (action is None):
# Opponent forfeited turn.
self._board.round_num += 1
self._board._update_game_phase()
return
positions: List[Pos2D]
if (type(action[0]) == int):
positions = [Pos2D(action[0], action[1])]
else:
positions = [Pos2D(x, y) for x, y in action]
opponent_delta: Delta = None
deltas: List[Delta]
if (len(positions) == 1):
# Placement
assert (self._board.phase == GamePhase.PLACEMENT)
deltas = self._board.get_possible_placements(
self._color.opposite())
for delta in deltas:
if delta.move_target.pos == positions[0]:
opponent_delta = delta
break
elif (len(positions) == 2):
# Movement.
try:
assert (self._board.phase == GamePhase.MOVEMENT)
except AssertionError:
print(
"WARNING: 'assert(self._board.phase == GamePhase.MOVEMENT)' FAILED.'"
)
print("SETTING PHASE = GAMEPHASE.MOVEMENT.")
self._board.phase = GamePhase.MOVEMENT
deltas = self._board.get_possible_moves(positions[0])
for delta in deltas:
if delta.move_target.pos == positions[1]:
opponent_delta = delta
break
assert (opponent_delta is not None)
self._board = self._board.get_next_board(opponent_delta)
@staticmethod
def get_alpha_beta_value(board: Board, depth: int, alpha: float,
beta: float, color: PlayerColor,
parameters: List[float]) -> float:
if (depth == 0 or board.phase == GamePhase.FINISHED):
return Player.get_heuristic_value(board, color, parameters)
if (color == PlayerColor.WHITE): # Maximizer
v: float = -999999
deltas: List[Delta] = board.get_all_possible_deltas(color)
for delta in deltas:
v = max(
v,
Player.get_alpha_beta_value(board.get_next_board(delta),
depth - 1, alpha, beta,
color.opposite(), parameters))
alpha = max(alpha, v)
if (beta <= alpha):
break
return v
else: # Minimizer
v = 999999
deltas: List[Delta] = board.get_all_possible_deltas(color)
for delta in deltas:
v = min(
v,
Player.get_alpha_beta_value(board.get_next_board(delta),
depth - 1, alpha, beta,
color.opposite(), parameters))
beta = min(beta, v)
if (beta <= alpha):
break
return v
@staticmethod
def get_heuristic_value(board: Board, player: PlayerColor,
parameters: List[float]):
"""
Given a board, calculates and returns its rating based on heuristics.
"""
player_squares: List[Square] = board.get_player_squares(player)
opponent_squares: List[Square] = board.get_player_squares(
player.opposite())
# -- Num pieces --
# Calculate the number of white and black pieces. This is a very
# important heuristic that will help prioritize preserving white's own
# pieces and killing the enemy's black pieces.
num_own_pieces: int = len(player_squares)
num_opponent_pieces: int = len(opponent_squares)
# -- Mobility --
# Calculate the mobility for both white and black i.e. the number of
# possible moves they can make.
own_mobility: int = board.get_num_moves(player)
opponent_mobility: int = board.get_num_moves(player.opposite())
# -- Cohesiveness --
own_total_distance: int = 0
opponent_total_distance: int = 0
displacement: Pos2D
for idx, square in enumerate(player_squares):
for square2 in player_squares[idx + 1:]:
displacement = square.pos - square2.pos
own_total_distance += abs(displacement.x) + abs(displacement.y)
for idx, square in enumerate(opponent_squares):
for square2 in opponent_squares[idx + 1:]:
displacement = square.pos - square2.pos
opponent_total_distance += abs(displacement.x) + abs(
displacement.y)
own_avg_allied_distance: float = own_total_distance / (num_own_pieces +
1)
opponent_avg_allied_distance: float = opponent_total_distance / (
num_opponent_pieces + 1)
# -- Centrality --
own_total_distance: int = 0
opponent_total_distance: int = 0
x_displacement: float
y_displacement: float
for square in player_squares:
x_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.x
y_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.y
own_total_distance += abs(x_displacement) + abs(y_displacement)
for square in opponent_squares:
x_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.x
y_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.y
opponent_total_distance += abs(x_displacement) + abs(
y_displacement)
own_avg_center_distance: float = own_total_distance / (num_own_pieces +
1)
opponent_avg_center_distance: float = opponent_total_distance / (
num_opponent_pieces + 1)
# Calculate the heuristic score/rating.
rounded_heuristic_score: float = round(
parameters[0] * num_own_pieces +
parameters[1] * num_opponent_pieces +
parameters[2] * own_mobility + parameters[3] * opponent_mobility +
parameters[4] * own_avg_allied_distance +
parameters[5] * opponent_avg_allied_distance +
parameters[6] * own_avg_center_distance +
parameters[7] * opponent_avg_center_distance,
Player._RATING_NUM_ROUNDING)
# Return the score as is or negate, depending on the player.
# For white, return as is. For black, negate.
return rounded_heuristic_score if player == PlayerColor.WHITE \
else -rounded_heuristic_score
class Player():
# --- Heuristic Weights ---
# TODO: Consider if we should weigh own player's pieces higher than enemies's.
_OWN_PIECE_WEIGHT: float = 1
_OPPONENT_PIECE_WEIGHT: float = -1
# Don't want to prioritize mobility over pieces, so it's much smaller.
_OWN_MOBILITY_WEIGHT: float = 0.01
_OPPONENT_MOBILITY_WEIGHT: float = -0.01
# TODO: How to balance cohesiveness and mobility? They're opposing, in a way.
_OWN_DIVIDED_WEIGHT: float = -0.001 # Bad to be divided. Want to be cohesive!
_OPPONENT_DIVIDED_WEIGHT: float = 0.001 # Good for opponent to be divided.
_OWN_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT: float = -0.005
_OPPONENT_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT: float = 0.005
# Heuristic score decimal place rounding. Used to prevent floating point
# imprecision from interfering with move decisions.
_RATING_NUM_ROUNDING: int = 10
# --- Timer parameters ---
# The total time for the player in the game.
_TIME_LIMIT: float = 120.0
# The remaining amount of time remaining at which point the AI will start
# picking moves completely randomly so as to not run out of time.
_PANIC_MODE_REMAINING_TIME: float = 2.0
# The amount of rounds expected to be played. Includes placement rounds and
# all rounds until around 2nd deathzone.
_NUM_EXPECTED_ROUNDS: int = 24 + 194
_DEPTH_TWO_EXPECTED_TURN_TIME: float = 200
# --- Other parameters ---
_ALPHA_START_VALUE: int = -9999
_BETA_START_VALUE: int = 9999
_SEED: int = 1337
# --- Instance variables ---
# A reference to the current board that the agent is on.
_timer: Timer
_board: Board
_color: PlayerColor
def __init__(self, color: str):
"""
TODO
This method is called by the referee once at the beginning of the game to initialise
your player. You should use this opportunity to set up your own internal
representation of the board, and any other state you would like to maintain for the
duration of the game.
The input parameter colour is a string representing the piece colour your program
will control for this game. It can take one of only two values: the string 'white' (if
you are the White player for this game) or the string 'black' (if you are the Black
player for this game).
"""
self._board = Board(None, 0, GamePhase.PLACEMENT)
if (color.lower() == "white"):
self._color = PlayerColor.WHITE
else:
self._color = PlayerColor.BLACK
random.seed(Player._SEED)
self._timer = Timer(Player._TIME_LIMIT)
def action(self, turns) -> Union[str, None]:
"""
This method is called by the referee to request an action by your player.
The input parameter turns is an integer representing the number of turns that have
taken place since the start of the current game phase. For example, if White player
has already made 11 moves in the moving phase, and Black player has made 10
moves (and the referee is asking for its 11th move), then the value of turns would
be 21.
Based on the current state of the board, your player should select its next action
and return it. Your player should represent this action based on the instructions
below, in the ‘Representing actions’ section.
"""
with(self._timer):
deltas: List[Delta] = self._board.get_all_possible_deltas(self._color)
if (len(deltas) == 0):
return None
remaining_time: float = self._timer.limit - self._timer.clock
if (remaining_time < Player._PANIC_MODE_REMAINING_TIME):
# AHH! Not much time remaining - pick a random move.
print(self._color, "PANIC")
random_delta: Delta = random.choice(deltas)
self._board = self._board.get_next_board(random_delta)
return random_delta.get_referee_form()
# Determine the depth based on the amount of time remaining.
depth: int
remaining_expected_rounds: int = \
Player._NUM_EXPECTED_ROUNDS - self._board.round_num
remaining_expected_time_per_round: float = \
remaining_time / (remaining_expected_rounds + 10)
if (remaining_expected_time_per_round
> Player._DEPTH_TWO_EXPECTED_TURN_TIME):
depth = 2
else:
depth = 1
print("Looking {} moves ahead!".format(depth))
delta_scores: Dict[Delta, float] = {}
for delta in deltas:
delta_scores[delta] = \
Player.get_alpha_beta_value(
self._board.get_next_board(delta), depth - 1,
Player._ALPHA_START_VALUE,
Player._BETA_START_VALUE, self._color)
best_deltas: List[Delta] = Utils.get_best_deltas(delta_scores, self._color)
best_delta: Tuple[Delta, float]
if (len(best_deltas) > 1):
# There are more than one "best" deltas. Pick a random one.
best_delta = random.choice(list(best_deltas))
else:
best_delta = best_deltas[0]
self._board = self._board.get_next_board(best_delta[0])
print(self._color, "DOES", best_delta[0], "[{}]".format(best_delta[1]))
return best_delta[0].get_referee_form()
def update(self, action: Tuple[Union[int, Tuple[int]]]):
"""
This method is called by the referee to inform your player about the opponent’s
most recent move, so that you can maintain your internal board configuration.
The input parameter action is a representation of the opponent’s recent action
based on the instructions below, in the ‘Representing actions’ section.
This method should not return anything.
Note: update() is only called to notify your player about the opponent’s actions.
Your player will not be notified about its own actions.
- To represent the action of placing a piece on square (x,y), use a tuple (x,y).
- To represent the action of moving a piece from square (a,b) to square (c,d), use
a nested tuple ((a,b),(c,d)).
- To represent a forfeited turn, use the value None.
"""
# TODO
# Easiest way to generate a Delta from 'action' seems to be to use
# board.get_valid_movements or board.get_valid_placements and then
# "getting" the Delta being made by matching the Pos2Ds.
with self._timer:
print(self._color, "SEES", action)
if (action is None):
# Opponent forfeited turn.
self._board.round_num += 1
self._board._update_game_phase()
positions: List[Pos2D]
if (type(action[0]) == int):
positions = [Pos2D(action[0], action[1])]
else:
positions = [Pos2D(x, y) for x, y in action]
opponent_delta: Delta = None
deltas: List[Delta]
if (len(positions) == 1):
# Placement
assert(self._board.phase == GamePhase.PLACEMENT)
deltas = self._board.get_possible_placements(self._color.opposite())
for delta in deltas:
if delta.move_target.pos == positions[0]:
opponent_delta = delta
break
elif (len(positions) == 2):
# Movement.
assert(self._board.phase == GamePhase.MOVEMENT)
deltas = self._board.get_possible_moves(positions[0])
for delta in deltas:
if delta.move_target.pos == positions[1]:
opponent_delta = delta
break
assert(opponent_delta is not None)
self._board = self._board.get_next_board(opponent_delta)
@staticmethod
def get_alpha_beta_value(board: Board, depth: int, alpha: float, beta: float, color: PlayerColor) -> float:
if (depth == 0 or board.phase == GamePhase.FINISHED):
return Player.get_heuristic_value(board, color)
if (color == PlayerColor.WHITE): # Maximizer
v: float = Player._ALPHA_START_VALUE
deltas: List[Delta] = board.get_all_possible_deltas(color)
for delta in deltas:
v = max(v, Player.get_alpha_beta_value(board.get_next_board(delta), depth - 1, alpha, beta, color.opposite()))
alpha = max(alpha, v)
if (beta <= alpha):
break
return v
else: # Minimizer
v = Player._BETA_START_VALUE
deltas: List[Delta] = board.get_all_possible_deltas(color)
for delta in deltas:
v = min(v, Player.get_alpha_beta_value(board.get_next_board(delta), depth - 1, alpha, beta, color.opposite()))
beta = min(beta, v)
if (beta <= alpha):
break
return v
@staticmethod
def get_heuristic_value(board: Board, player: PlayerColor):
"""
Given a board, calculates and returns its rating based on heuristics.
"""
player_squares: List[Square] = board.get_player_squares(player)
opponent_squares: List[Square] = board.get_player_squares(player.opposite())
# -- Num pieces --
# Calculate the number of white and black pieces. This is a very
# important heuristic that will help prioritize preserving white's own
# pieces and killing the enemy's black pieces.
num_own_pieces: int = len(player_squares)
num_opponent_pieces: int = len(opponent_squares)
# -- Mobility --
# Calculate the mobility for both white and black i.e. the number of
# possible moves they can make.
own_mobility: int = board.get_num_moves(player)
opponent_mobility: int = board.get_num_moves(player.opposite())
# -- Cohesiveness --
own_total_distance: int = 0
opponent_total_distance: int = 0
displacement: Pos2D
for idx, square1 in enumerate(player_squares):
for square2 in player_squares[idx + 1:]:
displacement = square1.pos - square2.pos
own_total_distance += abs(displacement.x) + abs(displacement.y)
for idx, square1 in enumerate(opponent_squares):
for square2 in opponent_squares[idx + 1:]:
displacement = square1.pos - square2.pos
opponent_total_distance += abs(displacement.x) + abs(displacement.y)
own_avg_allied_distance: float = own_total_distance / (
num_own_pieces + 1)
opponent_avg_allied_distance: float = opponent_total_distance / (
num_opponent_pieces + 1)
# -- Centrality --
own_total_distance: int = 0
opponent_total_distance: int = 0
x_displacement: float
y_displacement: float
for square in player_squares:
x_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.x
y_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.y
own_total_distance += abs(x_displacement) + abs(y_displacement)
for square in opponent_squares:
x_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.x
y_displacement = 3.5 - square.pos.y
opponent_total_distance += abs(x_displacement) + abs(y_displacement)
own_avg_center_distance: float = own_total_distance / (
num_own_pieces + 1)
opponent_avg_center_distance: float = opponent_total_distance / (
num_opponent_pieces + 1)
# Calculate the heuristic score/rating.
rounded_heuristic_score: float = round(
Player._OWN_PIECE_WEIGHT * num_own_pieces
+ Player._OPPONENT_PIECE_WEIGHT * num_opponent_pieces
+ Player._OWN_MOBILITY_WEIGHT * own_mobility
+ Player._OPPONENT_MOBILITY_WEIGHT * opponent_mobility
+ Player._OWN_DIVIDED_WEIGHT * own_avg_allied_distance
+ Player._OPPONENT_DIVIDED_WEIGHT * opponent_avg_allied_distance
+ Player._OWN_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT * own_avg_center_distance
+ Player._OPPONENT_NON_CENTRALITY_WEIGHT * opponent_avg_center_distance,
Player._RATING_NUM_ROUNDING)
# Return the score as is or negate, depending on the player.
# For white, return as is. For black, negate.
return rounded_heuristic_score if player == PlayerColor.WHITE \
else -rounded_heuristic_score