def make_summaries(networks_dict, country='all'):
columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(networks_dict.keys(),names=["simpl","clusters","ll","opts"])
dfs = {}
for output in outputs:
dfs[output] = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns,dtype=float)
for label, filename in iteritems(networks_dict):
print(label, filename)
if not os.path.exists(filename):
print("does not exist!!")
continue
try:
n = pypsa.Network(filename)
except OSError:
logger.warning("Skipping {filename}".format(filename=filename))
continue
if country != 'all':
n = n[n.buses.country == country]
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input[0],
snakemake.config['costs'], snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=False)
assign_carriers(n)
for output in outputs:
dfs[output] = globals()["calculate_" + output](n, label, dfs[output])
return dfs
def set_line_volume_limit(n, lv, Nyears=1.):
links_dc_b = n.links.carrier == 'DC'
if np.isinf(lv):
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=True)
else:
# Either line_volume cap or cost
n.lines['capital_cost'] = 0.
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'capital_cost'] = 0.
if lv > 1.0:
lines_s_nom = n.lines.s_nom.where(
n.lines.type == '',
np.sqrt(3) * n.lines.num_parallel *
n.lines.type.map(n.line_types.i_nom) *
n.lines.bus0.map(n.buses.v_nom))
n.lines['s_nom_min'] = lines_s_nom
n.lines['s_nom_extendable'] = True
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_min'] = n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom']
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_extendable'] = True
n.line_volume_limit = lv * (
(lines_s_nom * n.lines['length']).sum() +
n.links.loc[links_dc_b].eval('p_nom * length').sum())
return n
def set_line_cost_limit(n, lc, Nyears=1.):
links_dc_b = n.links.carrier == 'DC' if not n.links.empty else pd.Series()
lines_s_nom = n.lines.s_nom.where(
n.lines.type == '',
np.sqrt(3) * n.lines.num_parallel *
n.lines.type.map(n.line_types.i_nom) *
n.lines.bus0.map(n.buses.v_nom)
)
n.lines['capital_cost_lc'] = n.lines['capital_cost']
n.links['capital_cost_lc'] = n.links['capital_cost']
total_line_cost = ((lines_s_nom * n.lines['capital_cost_lc']).sum() +
n.links.loc[links_dc_b].eval('p_nom * capital_cost_lc').sum())
if lc == 'opt':
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config['costs'], snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=False)
else:
# Either line_volume cap or cost
n.lines['capital_cost'] = 0.
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'capital_cost'] = 0.
if lc == 'opt' or float(lc) > 1.0:
n.lines['s_nom_min'] = lines_s_nom
n.lines['s_nom_extendable'] = True
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_min'] = n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom']
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_extendable'] = True
if lc != 'opt':
n.line_cost_limit = float(lc) * total_line_cost
return n
def load_network(fn, tech_costs, config, combine_hydro_ps=True):
opts = config['plotting']
n = pypsa.Network(fn)
n.loads["carrier"] = n.loads.bus.map(n.buses.carrier) + " load"
n.stores["carrier"] = n.stores.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
n.links["carrier"] = (n.links.bus0.map(n.buses.carrier) + "-" +
n.links.bus1.map(n.buses.carrier))
n.lines["carrier"] = "AC line"
n.transformers["carrier"] = "AC transformer"
n.lines['s_nom'] = n.lines['s_nom_min']
n.links['p_nom'] = n.links['p_nom_min']
if combine_hydro_ps:
n.storage_units.loc[n.storage_units.carrier.isin({'PHS', 'hydro'}),
'carrier'] = 'hydro+PHS'
# #if the carrier was not set on the heat storage units
# bus_carrier = n.storage_units.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
# n.storage_units.loc[bus_carrier == "heat","carrier"] = "water tanks"
for name in opts['heat_links'] + opts['heat_generators']:
n.links.loc[n.links.index.to_series().str.endswith(name),
"carrier"] = name
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(Nyears, tech_costs, config['costs'],
config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs)
return n
def set_transmission_limit(n, ll_type, factor, Nyears=1):
links_dc_b = n.links.carrier == 'DC' if not n.links.empty else pd.Series()
_lines_s_nom = (np.sqrt(3) * n.lines.type.map(n.line_types.i_nom) *
n.lines.num_parallel * n.lines.bus0.map(n.buses.v_nom))
lines_s_nom = n.lines.s_nom.where(n.lines.type == '', _lines_s_nom)
col = 'capital_cost' if ll_type == 'c' else 'length'
ref = (lines_s_nom @ n.lines[col] +
n.links[links_dc_b].p_nom @ n.links[links_dc_b][col])
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=False)
if factor == 'opt' or float(factor) > 1.0:
n.lines['s_nom_min'] = lines_s_nom
n.lines['s_nom_extendable'] = True
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_min'] = n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom']
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_extendable'] = True
if factor != 'opt':
con_type = 'expansion_cost' if ll_type == 'c' else 'volume_expansion'
rhs = float(factor) * ref
n.add('GlobalConstraint', f'l{ll_type}_limit',
type=f'transmission_{con_type}_limit',
sense='<=', constant=rhs, carrier_attribute='AC, DC')
return n
def load_network_for_plots(fn, tech_costs, config, combine_hydro_ps=True):
import pypsa
from add_electricity import update_transmission_costs, load_costs
opts = config['plotting']
n = pypsa.Network(fn)
n.loads["carrier"] = n.loads.bus.map(n.buses.carrier) + " load"
n.stores["carrier"] = n.stores.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
n.links["carrier"] = (n.links.bus0.map(n.buses.carrier) + "-" +
n.links.bus1.map(n.buses.carrier))
n.lines["carrier"] = "AC line"
n.transformers["carrier"] = "AC transformer"
n.lines['s_nom'] = n.lines['s_nom_min']
n.links['p_nom'] = n.links['p_nom_min']
if combine_hydro_ps:
n.storage_units.loc[n.storage_units.carrier.isin({'PHS', 'hydro'}),
'carrier'] = 'hydro+PHS'
# #if the carrier was not set on the heat storage units
# bus_carrier = n.storage_units.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
# n.storage_units.loc[bus_carrier == "heat","carrier"] = "water tanks"
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(Nyears, tech_costs, config['costs'],
config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs)
return n
def load_network_for_plots(fn, tech_costs, config, combine_hydro_ps=True):
import pypsa
from add_electricity import load_costs, update_transmission_costs
n = pypsa.Network(fn)
n.loads["carrier"] = n.loads.bus.map(n.buses.carrier) + " load"
n.stores["carrier"] = n.stores.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
n.links["carrier"] = (
n.links.bus0.map(n.buses.carrier) + "-" + n.links.bus1.map(n.buses.carrier)
)
n.lines["carrier"] = "AC line"
n.transformers["carrier"] = "AC transformer"
n.lines["s_nom"] = n.lines["s_nom_min"]
n.links["p_nom"] = n.links["p_nom_min"]
if combine_hydro_ps:
n.storage_units.loc[
n.storage_units.carrier.isin({"PHS", "hydro"}), "carrier"
] = "hydro+PHS"
# if the carrier was not set on the heat storage units
# bus_carrier = n.storage_units.bus.map(n.buses.carrier)
# n.storage_units.loc[bus_carrier == "heat","carrier"] = "water tanks"
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760.0
costs = load_costs(Nyears, tech_costs, config["costs"], config["electricity"])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs)
return n
def make_summaries(networks_dict):
columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(
networks_dict.keys(), names=["simpl", "clusters", "lv", "opts"])
dfs = {}
for output in outputs:
dfs[output] = pd.DataFrame(columns=columns, dtype=float)
for label, filename in iteritems(networks_dict):
print(label, filename)
if not os.path.exists(filename):
print("does not exist!!")
continue
n = pypsa.Network(filename)
assign_carriers(n)
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input[0],
snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs)
for output in outputs:
dfs[output] = globals()["calculate_" + output](n, label,
dfs[output])
return dfs
def _prepare_connection_costs_per_link(n):
if n.links.empty: return {}
costs = load_costs(n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760,
snakemake.input.tech_costs, snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'])
connection_costs_per_link = {}
for tech in snakemake.config['renewable']:
if tech.startswith('offwind'):
connection_costs_per_link[tech] = (
n.links.length * snakemake.config['lines']['length_factor'] *
(n.links.underwater_fraction *
costs.at[tech + '-connection-submarine', 'capital_cost'] +
(1. - n.links.underwater_fraction) *
costs.at[tech + '-connection-underground', 'capital_cost']))
return connection_costs_per_link
def set_transmission_limit(n, ll_type, factor, Nyears=1):
links_dc_b = n.links.carrier == "DC" if not n.links.empty else pd.Series()
_lines_s_nom = (np.sqrt(3) * n.lines.type.map(n.line_types.i_nom) *
n.lines.num_parallel * n.lines.bus0.map(n.buses.v_nom))
lines_s_nom = n.lines.s_nom.where(n.lines.type == "", _lines_s_nom)
col = "capital_cost" if ll_type == "c" else "length"
ref = (lines_s_nom @ n.lines[col] +
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, "p_nom"] @ n.links.loc[links_dc_b, col])
costs = load_costs(
Nyears,
snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config["costs"],
snakemake.config["electricity"],
)
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=False)
if factor == "opt" or float(factor) > 1.0:
n.lines["s_nom_min"] = lines_s_nom
n.lines["s_nom_extendable"] = True
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, "p_nom_min"] = n.links.loc[links_dc_b, "p_nom"]
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, "p_nom_extendable"] = True
if factor != "opt":
con_type = "expansion_cost" if ll_type == "c" else "volume_expansion"
rhs = float(factor) * ref
n.add(
"GlobalConstraint",
f"l{ll_type}_limit",
type=f"transmission_{con_type}_limit",
sense="<=",
constant=rhs,
carrier_attribute="AC, DC",
)
return n
def set_line_volume_limit(n, lv, Nyears=1.):
links_dc_b = n.links.carrier == 'DC' if not n.links.empty else pd.Series()
lines_s_nom = n.lines.s_nom.where(
n.lines.type == '',
np.sqrt(3) * n.lines.num_parallel *
n.lines.type.map(n.line_types.i_nom) * n.lines.bus0.map(n.buses.v_nom))
total_line_volume = ((lines_s_nom * n.lines['length']).sum() +
n.links.loc[links_dc_b].eval('p_nom * length').sum())
if lv == 'opt':
costs = load_costs(Nyears, snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'])
update_transmission_costs(n, costs, simple_hvdc_costs=True)
else:
# Either line_volume cap or cost
n.lines['capital_cost'] = 0.
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'capital_cost'] = 0.
if lv == 'opt' or float(lv) > 1.0:
n.lines['s_nom_min'] = lines_s_nom
n.lines['s_nom_extendable'] = True
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_min'] = n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom']
n.links.loc[links_dc_b, 'p_nom_extendable'] = True
if lv != 'opt':
line_volume = float(lv) * total_line_volume
n.add('GlobalConstraint',
'lv_limit',
type='transmission_volume_expansion_limit',
sense='<=',
constant=line_volume,
carrier_attribute='AC, DC')
return n
def _prepare_connection_costs_per_link(n):
if n.links.empty:
return {}
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760
costs = load_costs(
Nyears,
snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config["costs"],
snakemake.config["electricity"],
)
connection_costs_per_link = {}
for tech in snakemake.config["renewable"]:
if tech.startswith("offwind"):
connection_costs_per_link[tech] = (
n.links.length * snakemake.config["lines"]["length_factor"] *
(n.links.underwater_fraction *
costs.at[tech + "-connection-submarine", "capital_cost"] +
(1.0 - n.links.underwater_fraction) *
costs.at[tech + "-connection-underground", "capital_cost"]))
return connection_costs_per_link
n_clusters = int(snakemake.wildcards.clusters)
aggregate_carriers = None # All
if n_clusters == len(n.buses):
# Fast-path if no clustering is necessary
busmap = n.buses.index.to_series()
linemap = n.lines.index.to_series()
clustering = pypsa.networkclustering.Clustering(
n, busmap, linemap, linemap, pd.Series(dtype='O'))
else:
line_length_factor = snakemake.config['lines']['length_factor']
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760
hvac_overhead_cost = (load_costs(snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'],
Nyears).at['HVAC overhead',
'capital_cost'])
def consense(x):
v = x.iat[0]
assert ((x == v).all() or x.isnull().all()), (
"The `potential` configuration option must agree for all renewable carriers, for now!"
)
return v
potential_mode = consense(
pd.Series([
snakemake.config['renewable'][tech]['potential']
for tech in renewable_carriers
]))
if __name__ == "__main__":
if "snakemake" not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
snakemake = mock_snakemake(
"augmented_line_connections", network="elec", simpl="", clusters="10"
)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum().values[0] / 8760.0
costs = load_costs(
Nyears,
snakemake.input.tech_costs,
snakemake.config["costs"],
snakemake.config["electricity"],
)
options = snakemake.config["augmented_line_connection"]
min_expansion_option = options.get("min_expansion")
k_edge_option = options.get("connectivity_upgrade", 3)
line_type_option = options.get("new_line_type", "HVDC")
# k_edge algorithm implementation
G = nx.Graph()
network_buses = n.buses.loc[n.buses.carrier == "AC"].index
G.add_nodes_from(np.unique(network_buses.values))
# TODO: Currently only AC lines are read in and meshed. One need to combine
# AC & DC lines and then move on.
else:
n_clusters = int(snakemake.wildcards.clusters)
aggregate_carriers = None
if n_clusters == len(n.buses):
# Fast-path if no clustering is necessary
busmap = n.buses.index.to_series()
linemap = n.lines.index.to_series()
clustering = pypsa.networkclustering.Clustering(
n, busmap, linemap, linemap, pd.Series(dtype="O"))
else:
line_length_factor = snakemake.config["lines"]["length_factor"]
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760
hvac_overhead_cost = load_costs(
Nyears,
tech_costs=snakemake.input.tech_costs,
config=snakemake.config["costs"],
elec_config=snakemake.config["electricity"],
).at["HVAC overhead", "capital_cost"]
def consense(x):
v = x.iat[0]
assert (x == v).all() or x.isnull().all(
), "The `potential` configuration option must agree for all renewable carriers, for now!"
return v
potential_mode = consense(
pd.Series([
snakemake.config["renewable"][tech]["potential"]
for tech in renewable_carriers
]))
custom_busmap = snakemake.config["enable"].get("custom_busmap", False)
n.generators.carrier.unique()).difference(renewable_carriers)
else:
n_clusters = int(snakemake.wildcards.clusters)
aggregate_carriers = None # All
if n_clusters == len(n.buses):
# Fast-path if no clustering is necessary
busmap = n.buses.index.to_series()
linemap = n.lines.index.to_series()
clustering = pypsa.networkclustering.Clustering(
n, busmap, linemap, linemap, pd.Series(dtype='O'))
else:
line_length_factor = snakemake.config['lines']['length_factor']
hvac_overhead_cost = (load_costs(
n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760,
tech_costs=snakemake.input.tech_costs,
config=snakemake.config['costs'],
elec_config=snakemake.config['electricity']).at['HVAC overhead',
'capital_cost'])
def consense(x):
v = x.iat[0]
assert ((x == v).all() or x.isnull().all()), (
"The `potential` configuration option must agree for all renewable carriers, for now!"
)
return v
potential_mode = consense(
pd.Series([
snakemake.config['renewable'][tech]['potential']
for tech in renewable_carriers
]))
snakemake.output = Dict()
for item in outputs:
snakemake.output[item] = snakemake.config[
'summary_dir'] + '/{name}/csvs/{item}.csv'.format(
name=snakemake.config['run'], item=item)
networks_dict = {(cluster,lv,opt+sector_opt) :
snakemake.config['results_dir'] + snakemake.config['run'] + '/postnetworks/elec_s{simpl}_{cluster}_lv{lv}_{opt}_{sector_opt}.nc'\
.format(simpl=simpl,
cluster=cluster,
opt=opt,
lv=lv,
sector_opt=sector_opt)\
for simpl in snakemake.config['scenario']['simpl'] \
for cluster in snakemake.config['scenario']['clusters'] \
for opt in snakemake.config['scenario']['opts'] \
for sector_opt in snakemake.config['scenario']['sector_opts'] \
for lv in snakemake.config['scenario']['lv']}
print(networks_dict)
costs_db = load_costs(Nyears=1.,
tech_costs="data/costs.csv",
config=snakemake.config["costs"],
elec_config=snakemake.config['electricity'])
df = make_summaries(networks_dict)
df["metrics"].loc["total costs"] = df["costs"].sum()
to_csv(df)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if 'snakemake' not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake('prepare_network',
network='elec',
simpl='',
clusters='40',
ll='v0.3',
opts='Co2L-24H')
configure_logging(snakemake)
opts = snakemake.wildcards.opts.split('-')
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input[0])
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.tech_costs, snakemake.config['costs'],
snakemake.config['electricity'], Nyears)
set_line_s_max_pu(n, snakemake.config['lines']['s_max_pu'])
for o in opts:
m = re.match(r'^\d+h$', o, re.IGNORECASE)
if m is not None:
n = average_every_nhours(n, m.group(0))
break
for o in opts:
m = re.match(r'^\d+seg$', o, re.IGNORECASE)
if m is not None:
solver_name = snakemake.config["solving"]["solver"]["name"]
n = apply_time_segmentation(n, m.group(0)[:-3], solver_name)
break
length=h2_links.length.values,
capital_cost=costs.at['H2 pipeline', 'capital_cost'] *
h2_links.length,
efficiency=costs.at['H2 pipeline', 'efficiency'],
carrier="H2 pipeline")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if 'snakemake' not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake('add_extra_components',
network='elec',
simpl='',
clusters=5)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(Nyears,
tech_costs=snakemake.input.tech_costs,
config=snakemake.config['costs'],
elec_config=snakemake.config['electricity'])
attach_storageunits(n, costs)
attach_stores(n, costs)
attach_hydrogen_pipelines(n, costs)
add_nice_carrier_names(n, config=snakemake.config)
n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output[0])
length=h2_links.length.values,
capital_cost=costs.at['H2 pipeline', 'capital_cost'] *
h2_links.length,
efficiency=costs.at['H2 pipeline', 'efficiency'],
carrier="H2 pipeline")
if __name__ == "__main__":
if 'snakemake' not in globals():
from _helpers import mock_snakemake
snakemake = mock_snakemake('add_extra_components',
network='elec',
simpl='',
clusters=5)
configure_logging(snakemake)
n = pypsa.Network(snakemake.input.network)
elec_config = snakemake.config['electricity']
Nyears = n.snapshot_weightings.objective.sum() / 8760.
costs = load_costs(snakemake.input.tech_costs, snakemake.config['costs'],
elec_config, Nyears)
attach_storageunits(n, costs, elec_config)
attach_stores(n, costs, elec_config)
attach_hydrogen_pipelines(n, costs, elec_config)
add_nice_carrier_names(n, snakemake.config)
n.export_to_netcdf(snakemake.output[0])
