def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.vi.v_str = 'vf0 / KA'
self.vi.e_str = '(vref0 - LG_y) - vi'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Const reference voltage',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vf0 / KA',
)
self.HLI = HardLimiter(
u=self.vi,
lower=self.VIMIN,
upper=self.VIMAX,
info='Hard limiter on input',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u='vi * HLI_zi + VIMIN * HLI_zl + VIMAX * HLI_zu',
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LR = Lag(u=self.LL_y, T=self.TA, K=self.KA, info='Regulator')
# the following uses `XadIfd` for `IIFD` in the PSS/E manual
self.vfmax = Algeb(
info='Upper bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmax}',
v_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd - vfmax',
)
self.vfmin = Algeb(
info='Lower bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmin}',
v_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd - vfmin',
)
self.HLR = HardLimiter(u=self.LR_y,
lower=self.vfmin,
upper=self.vfmax,
info='Hard limiter on regulator output')
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (LR_y*HLR_zi + vfmin*HLR_zl + vfmax*HLR_zu) - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + vf0 / KA',
e_str='vref0 - vref'
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='constant vref',
v_str='vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
)
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.vi.v_str = 'vf0 / KA'
self.vi.e_str = '(vref - LG_y - WF_y) - vi'
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.HLI = HardLimiter(u=self.vi, lower=self.VIMIN, upper=self.VIMAX,
info='Hard limiter on input',
)
self.vl = Algeb(info='Input after limiter',
tex_name='V_l',
v_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zu*VIMAX + HLI_zl*VIMIN',
e_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zu*VIMAX + HLI_zl*VIMIN - vl',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vl, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB, info='Lead-lag compensator', zero_out=True)
self.LR = Lag(u=self.LL_y, T=self.TA, K=self.KA, info='Regulator')
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LR_y, T=self.TF, K=self.KF, info='Stablizing circuit feedback')
# the following uses `XadIfd` for `IIFD` in the PSS/E manual
self.vfmax = Algeb(info='Upper bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmax}',
v_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMAX - KC * XadIfd - vfmax',
)
self.vfmin = Algeb(info='Lower bound of output limiter',
tex_name='V_{fmin}',
v_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd',
e_str='VRMIN - KC * XadIfd - vfmin',
)
self.HLR = HardLimiter(u=self.WF_y, lower=self.vfmin, upper=self.vfmax,
info='Hard limiter on regulator output')
self.vout.e_str = 'LR_y*HLR_zi + vfmin*HLR_zl + vfmax*HLR_zu - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.gain = ConstService(
v_str='ue/R',
tex_name='G',
)
self.pref = Algeb(
info='Reference power input',
tex_name='P_{ref}',
v_str='tm0 * R',
e_str='pref0 * R - pref',
)
self.wd = Algeb(
info='Generator under speed',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'\omega_{dev}',
v_str='0',
e_str='ue * (omega - wref) - wd',
)
self.pd = Algeb(info='Pref plus under speed times gain',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="P_d",
v_str='ue * tm0',
e_str='ue*(- wd + pref + paux) * gain - pd')
self.v9 = Algeb(
tex_name=r'V_{9}',
info='V_9 for LVGate input',
v_str='ue * (AT + KT * (AT - tm0))',
e_str='ue * (AT + KT * (AT - LG3_y)) - v9',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(
u1=self.pd,
u2=self.v9,
info='LVGate',
)
self.LAG = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LVG_y,
K=1,
T=self.T1,
lower=self.VMIN,
upper=self.VMAX,
)
self.LG2 = Lag(u=self.LAG_y, T=self.T2, K=1, info='Lag T2')
self.LG3 = Lag(u=self.LG2_y, T=self.T3, K=1, info='Lag T3')
self.pout.e_str = 'ue * (LG2_y - Dt * wd) - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.LP = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total voltage input',
unit='pu',
e_str='ue * (-LP_y + vref + Vs - WF_y ) -vi ',
v_str='ue*(-v +vref)',
)
self.VRMAXu = ConstService('VRMAX * ue + (1-ue) * 999')
self.VRMINu = ConstService('VRMIN * ue + (1-ue) * -999')
self.VR = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.vi,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXu,
lower=self.VRMINu,
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.VR_y,
T1=self.TF3,
T2=self.TF2,
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LL_y, T=self.TF1, K=self.KF)
self.INTin = 'ue * (VR_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + VFE / KA'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.VFE.v_str = "INT_y * KE + Se "
self.VFE.e_str = "ue * (INT_y * KE + Se - VFE) "
# disable iterative initialization of the integrator output
self.INT.y.v_str = 'vf0'
self.INT.y.v_iter = None
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.F1 = Lag(
u='omega - wref',
T=self.T1,
K=self.K1,
)
self.F2 = LeadLag(
u=self.F1_y,
T1=self.T2,
T2=self.T3,
K=1.0,
)
self.HL = GainLimiter(
u='paux + pref0 - F2_y',
K=1.0,
lower=self.PMIN,
upper=self.PMAX,
)
self.F3 = Lag(
u=self.HL_y,
T=self.T4,
K=1.0,
)
self.F4 = Lag(
u=self.F3_y,
T=self.T5,
K=self.K2,
)
self.F5 = Lag(
u=self.F4_y,
T=self.T6,
K=self.K3,
)
self.pout.e_str = '(1 - K2) * F3_y + (1-K3) * F4_y + F5_y - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ModelData.__init__(self)
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'FreqMeasurement'
# Parameters
self.bus = IdxParam(info="bus idx", mandatory=True)
self.Tf = NumParam(default=0.02, info="input digital filter time const", unit="sec",
tex_name='T_f')
self.Tw = NumParam(default=0.02, info="washout time const", unit="sec",
tex_name='T_w')
self.fn = NumParam(default=60.0, info="nominal frequency", unit='Hz',
tex_name='f_n')
# Variables
self.iwn = ConstService(v_str='u / (2 * pi * fn)', tex_name=r'1/\omega_n')
self.a0 = ExtService(src='a',
model='Bus',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta_0',
info='initial phase angle',
)
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
)
self.L = Lag(u='(a-a0)',
T=self.Tf,
K=1,
info='digital filter',
)
self.WO = Washout(u=self.L_y,
K=self.iwn,
T=self.Tw,
info='angle washout',
)
self.f = Algeb(info='frequency output',
unit='p.u. (Hz)',
tex_name='f',
v_str='1',
e_str='1 + WO_y - f',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
super().__init__(system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'PLL'
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus voltage angle')
self.af = Lag(
u=self.a,
T=self.Tf,
K=1,
D=1,
info='input angle signal filter',
)
self.PI = PIController(
u='u * (af_y - am)',
kp=self.Kp,
ki=self.Ki,
tex_name='PI',
info='PI controller',
)
self.ae = State(info='PLL angle output before filter',
e_str='2 * pi *fn * PI_y',
v_str='a',
tex_name=r'\theta_{est}')
self.am = State(info='PLL output angle after filtering',
e_str='ae - am',
t_const=self.Tp,
v_str='a',
tex_name=r'\theta_{PLL}')
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name=r'V_{E}',
info=r'V_{E}',
v_str='Abs(KP * (vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*KI*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.V40 = ConstService('sqrt(VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2)')
self.VR0 = ConstService(info='Initial VR',
tex_name='V_{R0}',
v_str='vf0 * KE - V40')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='VR0 / KA')
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1, info='Sensing delay')
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + vb0'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref')
# NOTE: for offline exciters, `vi` equation ignores ext. voltage changes
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='vref - v',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LA3 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (vi - WF_y)',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info=r'V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA3_y is V_R
# FIXME: antiwindup out of limit is not warned of in initialization
self.zeros = ConstService(v_str='0.0')
self.LA1 = Lag(
'ue * (VB_y * HL_zi + VBMAX * HL_zu)',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
D=self.KE,
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LA1_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout')
self.SQE = Algeb(
tex_name=r'SQE',
info=r'Square of error after mul',
v_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2',
e_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2 - SQE',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.zeros,
bound=self.SQE,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.VB = Piecewise(self.SQE,
points=(0, ),
funs=('ue * LA3_y', 'ue * (sqrt(SQE) + LA3_y)'))
self.HL = HardLimiter(
u=self.VB_y,
lower=self.zeros,
upper=self.VBMAX,
info='Hard limiter for VB',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (LA1_y - vout)'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.config.add(OrderedDict((
('ksr', 2),
('ksm', 2),
)))
self.config.add_extra(
'_help',
ksr='Tracking gain for outer PI controller',
ksm='Tracking gain for inner PI controller',
)
self.config.add_extra(
'_tex',
ksr='K_{sr}',
ksm='K_{sm}',
)
self.KPC = ConstService(v_str='KP * exp(1j * radians(THETAP))',
tex_name='K_{PC}',
info='KP polar THETAP',
vtype=complex)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
# lower part: VB signal
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name='V_E',
info='VE',
v_str='Abs(KPC*(vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*(KI + KPC*XL)*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.IN = Algeb(
tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='safe_div(KC * XadIfd, VE)',
e_str='ue * (KC * XadIfd - VE * IN)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(
u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)',
'1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.VBMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VGMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VB = GainLimiter(
u='VE*FEX_y',
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.VBMAX,
lower=self.VBMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='VB with limiter',
)
self.VG = GainLimiter(
u=self.vout,
K=self.KG,
R=1,
upper=self.VGMAX,
lower=self.VGMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='Feedback gain with HL',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Const reference voltage',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.PI1 = PITrackAW(u=self.vi,
kp=self.KPR,
ki=self.KIR,
ks=self.config.ksr,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
x0='VG_y')
self.LA = Lag(
u=self.PI1_y,
T=self.TA,
K=1.0,
info='Regulation delay',
)
self.PI2 = PITrackAW(
u='LA_y - VG_y',
kp=self.KPM,
ki=self.KIM,
ks=self.config.ksm,
lower=self.VMMIN,
upper=self.VMMAX,
x0='safe_div(vf0, VB_y)',
)
# TODO: add back LV Gate
self.vout.e_str = 'VB_y * PI2_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
# Saturation
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vb0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Sensing delay',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u='vi + WF_y',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.vout,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.flags.nr_iter = True
# NOTE: e_str `KC*XadIfd / INT_y - IN` causes numerical inaccuracies
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='ue * (KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_str = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
# input excitation voltages;
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='V_A, Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
) # LL_y == VA
self.VAMAXu = ConstService('VAMAX * ue + (1-ue) * 999')
self.VAMINu = ConstService('VAMIN * ue + (1-ue) * -999')
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAXu,
lower=self.VAMINu,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VA
self.HVG = HVGate(u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LA_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.INTin = 'ue * (LVG_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + VFE / KA'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * FEX_y * INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Transducer delay',
)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B*(SAT_A-vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vfe0 / KA',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0 - v',
e_str='(vref - v - WF_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LL_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.VRU = VarService(
v_str='VRMAXc * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMAX}',
)
self.VRL = VarService(
v_str='VRMIN * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMIN}',
)
# TODO: WARNING: HVGate is temporarily skipped
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRU,
lower=self.VRL,
info='Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VR
# `LessThan` may be causing memory issue in (SL_z0 * vout) - uncertain yet
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.INT_y,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF,
info='Feedback to input')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.VELMn = ConstService(
v_str='-VELM',
tex_name='-VELM',
)
self.tr = ConstService(
v_str='r * Tr',
tex_name='r*Tr',
)
self.gr = ConstService(
v_str='1/r',
tex_name='1/r',
)
self.ratel = ConstService(
v_str='- VELM - gr',
tex_name='rate_l',
)
self.rateu = ConstService(
v_str='VELM - gr',
tex_name='rate_u',
)
self.q0 = ConstService(
v_str='tm0 / At + qNL',
tex_name='q_0',
)
self.pref = Algeb(
info='Reference power input',
tex_name='P_{ref}',
v_str='R * q0',
e_str='R * q0 - pref',
)
self.wd = Algeb(
info='Generator speed deviation',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'\omega_{dev}',
v_str='0',
e_str='ue * (omega - wref) - wd',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
info='Pref plus speed deviation times gain',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="P_d",
v_str='0',
e_str='ue * (- wd + pref + paux - R * dg) - pd',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.pd,
K=1,
T=self.Tf,
info='filter after speed deviation (e)',
)
self.gtpos = State(info='State in gate position (c)',
unit='rad',
v_str='q0',
tex_name=r'\delta',
e_str='LG_y')
self.dgl = VarService(
tex_name='dg_{lower}',
info='dg lower limit',
v_str='- VELM - gr * LG_y',
)
self.dgu = VarService(
tex_name='dg_{upper}',
info='dg upper limit',
v_str='VELM - gr * LG_y',
)
self.dg_lim = AntiWindupRate(
u=self.gtpos,
lower=self.GMIN,
upper=self.GMAX,
rate_lower=self.dgl,
rate_upper=self.dgu,
tex_name='lim_{dg}',
info='gate velocity and position limiter',
)
self.dg = Algeb(
info='desired gate (c)',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="dg",
v_str='q0',
e_str='gtpos + gr * LG_y - dg',
)
self.LAG = Lag(
u=self.dg,
K=1,
T=self.Tg,
info='gate opening (g)',
)
self.h = Algeb(
info='turbine head',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name="h",
e_str='q_y**2 / LAG_y**2 - h',
v_str='1',
)
self.q = Integrator(u="1 - q_y**2 / LAG_y**2",
T=self.Tw,
K=1,
y0='q0',
check_init=False,
info="turbine flow (q)")
self.pout.e_str = 'ue * (At * h * (q_y - qNL) - Dt * wd * LAG_y) - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(self.E1, self.SE1, self.E2, self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout, bound=self.SAT_A, equal=False, enable=True, cache=False)
self.Se0 = ConstService(info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='KC * XadIfd / INT_y - IN',
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_iter = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-v + vref - WF_y - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='Regulator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
info='Lag AW on VR',
)
self.INT = Integrator(u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.INT.y.v_str = 0.1
self.INT.y.v_iter = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vf0'
self.Se = Algeb(tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)", info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) + XadIfd * KD - VFE'
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + VFE / KA',
e_str='vref0 - vref',
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y * FEX_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.ulim = ConstService('9999')
self.llim = ConstService('-9999')
self.SWUEL = Switcher(u=self.UELc,
options=[0, 1, 2, 3],
tex_name='SW_{UEL}',
cache=True)
self.SWVOS = Switcher(u=self.VOSc,
options=[0, 1, 2],
tex_name='SW_{VOS}',
cache=True)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.SG0 = ConstService(v_str='0', info='SG initial value.')
self.SG = Algeb(
tex_name='SG',
info='SG',
v_str='SG0',
e_str='SG0 - SG',
)
self.zero = ConstService('0')
self.LR = GainLimiter(
u='XadIfd - ILR',
K=self.KLR,
R=1,
upper=self.ulim,
lower=self.zero,
no_upper=True,
info='Exciter output current gain limiter',
)
self.VA0 = PostInitService(tex_name='V_{A0}',
v_str='vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y',
info='VA (LA_y) initial value')
self.vref.v_str = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref.v_iter = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs) - vi',
v_iter=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
v_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
)
self.vil = GainLimiter(
u=self.vi,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.VIMAX,
lower=self.VIMIN,
info='Exciter voltage input limiter',
)
self.UEL2 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_2',
info='UEL_2 as HVG1 u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim) - UEL2',
)
self.HVG1 = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL2,
u2=self.vil_y,
info='HVGate after V_I',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.HVG1_y,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LL1 = LeadLag(
u=self.LL_y,
T1=self.TC1,
T2=self.TB1,
info='Lead-lag compensator 1',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL1_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAX,
lower=self.VAMIN,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y is VA
self.vas = Algeb(
tex_name=r'V_{As}',
info='V_A after subtraction, as HVG u2',
v_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
v_iter='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
e_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y) - vas',
)
self.UEL3 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_3',
info='UEL_3 as HVG u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim) - UEL3',
)
self.HVG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL3,
u2=self.vas,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(
u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for over excitation',
)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.efdu = VarService(
info='Output exciter voltage upper bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{u}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
)
self.efdl = VarService(info='Output exciter voltage lower bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{l}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMIN')
self.vol = GainLimiter(
u=self.LVG_y,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.efdu,
lower=self.efdl,
info='Exciter output limiter',
)
self.WF = Washout(
u=self.LVG_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * vol_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
PSSBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# ALL THE FOLLOWING IS FOR INPUT 2
# retrieve indices of bus and bus freq
self.buss2 = DataSelect(self.busr2,
self.bus,
info='selected bus (bus or busr)')
self.busfreq2 = DeviceFinder(self.busf2,
link=self.buss2,
idx_name='bus')
# from Bus
self.v2 = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.buss2,
tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus (or busr2, if given) terminal voltage',
)
# from BusFreq 2
self.f2 = ExtAlgeb(model='FreqMeasurement',
src='f',
indexer=self.busfreq2,
export=False,
info='Bus frequency 2')
# Config
self.config.add(OrderedDict([('freq_model', 'BusFreq')]))
self.config.add_extra(
'_help', {'freq_model': 'default freq. measurement model'})
self.config.add_extra('_alt', {'freq_model': ('BusFreq', )})
self.busf.model = self.config.freq_model
self.busf2.model = self.config.freq_model
# input signal switch
self.dv = Derivative(self.v)
self.dv2 = Derivative(self.v2)
self.SnSb = ExtService(
model='SynGen',
src='M',
indexer=self.syn,
attr='pu_coeff',
info='Machine base to sys base factor for power',
tex_name='(Sb/Sn)')
self.SW = Switcher(
u=self.MODE,
options=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, np.nan],
)
self.SW2 = Switcher(
u=self.MODE2,
options=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, np.nan],
)
# Input signals
self.sig = Algeb(
tex_name='S_{ig}',
info='Input signal',
)
self.sig.v_str = 'SW_s1*(omega-1) + SW_s2*0 + SW_s3*(tm0/SnSb) + ' \
'SW_s4*(tm-tm0) + SW_s5*v + SW_s6*0'
self.sig.e_str = 'SW_s1*(omega-1) + SW_s2*(f-1) + SW_s3*(te/SnSb) + ' \
'SW_s4*(tm-tm0) + SW_s5*v + SW_s6*dv_v - sig'
self.sig2 = Algeb(
tex_name='S_{ig2}',
info='Input signal 2',
)
self.sig2.v_str = 'SW2_s1*(omega-1) + SW2_s2*0 + SW2_s3*(tm0/SnSb) + ' \
'SW2_s4*(tm-tm0) + SW2_s5*v2 + SW2_s6*0'
self.sig2.e_str = 'SW2_s1*(omega-1) + SW2_s2*(f2-1) + SW2_s3*(te/SnSb) + ' \
'SW2_s4*(tm-tm0) + SW2_s5*v2 + SW2_s6*dv2_v - sig2'
self.L1 = Lag(
u=self.sig,
K=self.K1,
T=self.T1,
info='Transducer 1',
)
self.L2 = Lag(
u=self.sig2,
K=self.K2,
T=self.T2,
info='Transducer 2',
)
self.IN = Algeb(
tex_name='I_N',
info='Sum of inputs',
v_str='L1_y + L2_y',
e_str='L1_y + L2_y - IN',
)
self.WO = WashoutOrLag(
u=self.IN,
K=self.T3,
T=self.T4,
)
self.LL1 = LeadLag(
u=self.WO_y,
T1=self.T5,
T2=self.T6,
zero_out=True,
)
self.LL2 = LeadLag(
u=self.LL1_y,
T1=self.T7,
T2=self.T8,
zero_out=True,
)
self.LL3 = LeadLag(
u=self.LL2_y,
T1=self.T9,
T2=self.T10,
zero_out=True,
)
self.VSS = GainLimiter(u=self.LL3_y,
K=1,
lower=self.LSMIN,
upper=self.LSMAX)
self.VOU = ConstService(v_str='VCUr + v0')
self.VOL = ConstService(v_str='VCLr + v0')
self.OLIM = Limiter(u=self.v,
lower=self.VOL,
upper=self.VOU,
info='output limiter')
self.vsout.e_str = 'OLIM_zi * VSS_y - vsout'
def __init__(self):
self.LGId = Lag(u=self.PIvd_y, T=self.Tid, K=-1) # Id
self.LGIq = Lag(u=self.PIvq_y, T=self.Tiq, K=1) # Iq
self.Id.e_str = 'LGId_y - Id'
self.Iq.e_str = 'LGIq_y - Iq'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
self.config.add(OrderedDict((('ks', 2),
)))
self.config.add_extra('_help',
ks='Tracking gain for PID controller',
)
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='ue * (KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_str = '0.5'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v'
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
# chekck y0
self.PID = PIDTrackAW(u=self.vi, kp=self.kP, ki=self.kI,
ks=self.config.ks,
kd=self.kD, Td=self.Td, x0='VFE / KA',
lower=self.VPMIN, upper=self.VPMAX,
tex_name='PID', info='PID', name='PID',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.PID_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAX,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info=r'V_{R}, Anti-windup lag',
)
self.INTin = 'ue * (LA_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (FEX_y * INT_y - vout)'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.KPC = ConstService(v_str='KP * exp(1j * radians(THETAP))',
tex_name='K_{PC}',
info='KP polar THETAP',
vtype=np.complex)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name='V_E',
info='VE',
v_str='Abs(KPC*(vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*(KI + KPC*XL)*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.IN = Algeb(
tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='KC * XadIfd / VE',
e_str='KC * XadIfd / VE - IN',
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(
u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)',
'1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.VBMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VGMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VB = GainLimiter(
u='VE*FEX_y',
K=1,
upper=self.VBMAX,
lower=self.VBMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='VB with limiter',
)
self.VG = GainLimiter(
u=self.vout,
K=self.KG,
upper=self.VGMAX,
lower=self.VGMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='Feedback gain with HL',
)
self.vrs = Algeb(
tex_name='V_{RS}',
info='VR subtract feedback VG',
v_str='vf0 / VB_y / KM',
e_str='LAW1_y - VG_y - vrs',
)
self.vref = Algeb(
info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='(vrs + VG_y) / KA + v',
e_str='vref0 - vref',
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.vil = Algeb(info='Input voltage after limit',
tex_name='V_{il}',
v_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zl*VIMIN + HLI_zu*VIMAX',
e_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zl*VIMIN + HLI_zu*VIMAX - vil')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.vil,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.HG_y,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Regulator',
zero_out=True,
) # LL_y == VA
self.LAW1 = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
info='Lag AW on VR',
) # LAW1_y == VR
self.HLI = HardLimiter(
u=self.vi,
lower=self.VIMIN,
upper=self.VIMAX,
info='Input limiter',
)
self.LAW2 = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.vrs,
T=self.TM,
K=self.KM,
lower=self.VMMIN,
upper=self.VMMAX,
info='Lag AW on VM',
) # LAW2_y == VM
self.vout.e_str = 'VB_y * LAW2_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config, add_sn=False)
# check if K1-K8 sums up to 1
self._sumK18 = ConstService(v_str='K1+K2+K3+K4+K5+K6+K7+K8',
info='summation of K1-K8',
tex_name=r"\sum_{i=1}^8 K_i")
self._K18c1 = InitChecker(
u=self._sumK18,
info='summation of K1-K8 and 1.0',
equal=1,
)
# check if `tm0 * (K2 + k4 + K6 + K8) = tm02 *(K1 + K3 + K5 + K7)
self._tm0K2 = PostInitService(
info='mul of tm0 and (K2+K4+K6+K8)',
v_str='zsyn2*tm0*(K2+K4+K6+K8)',
)
self._tm02K1 = PostInitService(
info='mul of tm02 and (K1+K3+K5+K6)',
v_str='tm02*(K1+K3+K5+K7)',
)
self._Pc = InitChecker(
u=self._tm0K2,
info='proportionality of tm0 and tm02',
equal=self._tm02K1,
)
self.Sg2 = ExtParam(
src='Sn',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
allow_none=True,
default=0.0,
tex_name='S_{n2}',
info='Rated power of Syn2',
unit='MVA',
export=False,
)
self.Sg12 = ParamCalc(
self.Sg,
self.Sg2,
func=np.add,
tex_name="S_{g12}",
info='Sum of generator power ratings',
)
self.Sn = NumSelect(
self.Tn,
fallback=self.Sg12,
tex_name='S_n',
info='Turbine or Gen rating',
)
self.zsyn2 = FlagValue(
self.syn2,
value=None,
tex_name='z_{syn2}',
info='Exist flags for syn2',
)
self.tm02 = ExtService(
src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m02}',
info='Initial mechanical input of syn2',
allow_none=True,
default=0.0,
)
self.tm012 = ConstService(
info='total turbine power',
v_str='tm0 + tm02',
)
self.tm2 = ExtAlgeb(
src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
allow_none=True,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m2}',
e_str='zsyn2 * u * (PLP - tm02)',
info='Mechanical power to syn2',
)
self.wd = Algeb(
info='Generator under speed',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'\omega_{dev}',
v_str='0',
e_str='(wref - omega) - wd',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.wd,
T1=self.T2,
T2=self.T1,
K=self.K,
info='Signal conditioning for wd',
)
# `P0` == `tm0`
self.vs = Algeb(
info='Valve speed',
tex_name='V_s',
v_str='0',
e_str='(LL_y + tm012 + paux - IAW_y) / T3 - vs',
)
self.HL = HardLimiter(
u=self.vs,
lower=self.UC,
upper=self.UO,
info='Limiter on valve acceleration',
)
self.vsl = Algeb(
info='Valve move speed after limiter',
tex_name='V_{sl}',
v_str='vs * HL_zi + UC * HL_zl + UO * HL_zu',
e_str='vs * HL_zi + UC * HL_zl + UO * HL_zu - vsl',
)
self.IAW = IntegratorAntiWindup(
u=self.vsl,
T=1,
K=1,
y0=self.tm012,
lower=self.PMIN,
upper=self.PMAX,
info='Valve position integrator',
)
self.L4 = Lag(
u=self.IAW_y,
T=self.T4,
K=1,
info='first process',
)
self.L5 = Lag(
u=self.L4_y,
T=self.T5,
K=1,
info='second (reheat) process',
)
self.L6 = Lag(
u=self.L5_y,
T=self.T6,
K=1,
info='third process',
)
self.L7 = Lag(
u=self.L6_y,
T=self.T7,
K=1,
info='fourth (second reheat) process',
)
self.PHP = Algeb(
info='HP output',
tex_name='P_{HP}',
v_str='K1*L4_y + K3*L5_y + K5*L6_y + K7*L7_y',
e_str='K1*L4_y + K3*L5_y + K5*L6_y + K7*L7_y - PHP',
)
self.PLP = Algeb(
info='LP output',
tex_name='P_{LP}',
v_str='K2*L4_y + K4*L5_y + K6*L6_y + K8*L7_y',
e_str='K2*L4_y + K4*L5_y + K6*L6_y + K8*L7_y - PLP',
)
self.pout.e_str = 'PHP - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(self.E1, self.SE1, self.E2, self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
# calculate `Se0` ahead of time in order to calculate `vr0`
# The term `1-ug` is to prevent division by zero when generator is off
self.Se0 = ConstService(info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Indicator(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B * (SAT_A - vf0) ** 2 / (vf0 + 1 - ug)',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='v + vb0',
e_str='vref0 - vref'
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant v ref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False,
)
self.Se = Algeb(tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)", info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (vp - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B - Se * vp',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.vp = State(info='Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term',
tex_name='V_p',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vf0',
e_str='ue * (LA_y - KE*vp - Se*vp)',
t_const=self.TE,
)
self.LS = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1.0, info='Sensing lag TF')
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.vi.v_str = 'vb0'
self.vi.e_str = '(vref - LS_y - W_y) - vi'
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag for internal delays',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAX,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.W = Washout(u=self.vp,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF1,
info='Signal conditioner'
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * omega * vp - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name=r'V_{E}',
info=r'V_{E}',
v_str='Abs(KP * (vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*KI*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.V40 = ConstService('sqrt(VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2)')
self.VR0 = ConstService(info='Initial VR',
tex_name='V_{R0}',
v_str='vf0 * KE - V40')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='VR0 / KA')
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1, info='Sensing delay')
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + vb0'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Constant vref',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref')
# NOTE: for offline exciters, `vi` equation ignores ext. voltage changes
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LA3 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (vi - WF_y)',
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAXc,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info=r'V_{R}, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA3_y is V_R
self.zero = ConstService(v_str='0.0')
self.one = ConstService(v_str='1.0')
self.LA1 = LagAntiWindup(
u='ue * (LA3_y + V4)',
T=self.TE,
K=self.one,
D=self.KE,
upper=self.VBMAX,
lower=self.zero,
info=r'E_{FD}, vout, Lag Anti-Windup',
) # LA1_y is final output
self.WF = Washout(u=self.LA1_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, stablizing circuit feedback, washout')
self.SQE = VarService(
tex_name=r'SQE',
info=r'Square Error',
v_str='VE ** 2 - (0.78 * XadIfd) ** 2',
)
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.zero,
bound=self.SQE,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.V4 = VarService(
tex_name='V_4',
v_str='SL_z1 * sqrt(SQE)',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * (LA1_y - vout)'
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'DG'
self.config.add(OrderedDict((('plim', 0),
)))
self.config.add_extra('_help',
plim='enable input power limit check bound by [0, pmx]',
)
self.config.add_extra('_tex',
plim='P_{lim}',
)
self.config.add_extra('_alt',
plim=(0, 1),
)
self.SWPQ = Switcher(u=self.pqflag, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{PQ}', cache=True)
self.buss = DataSelect(self.igreg, self.bus,
info='selected bus (bus or igreg)',
)
self.busfreq = DeviceFinder(self.busf, link=self.buss, idx_name='bus')
# --- initial values from power flow ---
# a : bus voltage angle
# v : bus voltage magnitude
# p0s : active power from connected static PV generator
# q0s : reactive power from connected static PV generator
# pref0 : initial active power set point for the PVD1 device
# qref0 : initial reactive power set point for the PVD1 device
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus', src='a', indexer=self.buss, tex_name=r'\theta',
info='bus (or igreg) phase angle',
unit='rad.',
e_str='-Ipout_y * v * u',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus', src='v', indexer=self.buss, tex_name='V',
info='bus (or igreg) terminal voltage',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-Iqout_y * v * u',
ename='Q',
tex_ename='Q',
)
self.p0s = ExtService(model='StaticGen',
src='p',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='P_{0s}',
info='Initial P from static gen',
)
self.q0s = ExtService(model='StaticGen',
src='q',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='Q_{0s}',
info='Initial Q from static gen',
)
# --- calculate the initial P and Q for this distributed device ---
self.pref0 = ConstService(v_str='gammap * p0s', tex_name='P_{ref0}',
info='Initial P for the PVD1 device',
)
self.qref0 = ConstService(v_str='gammaq * q0s', tex_name='Q_{ref0}',
info='Initial Q for the PVD1 device',
)
# frequency measurement variable `f`
self.f = ExtAlgeb(model='FreqMeasurement', src='f', indexer=self.busfreq, export=False,
info='Bus frequency', unit='p.u.',
)
self.fHz = Algeb(info='frequency in Hz',
v_str='fn * f', e_str='fn * f - fHz',
unit='Hz',
tex_name='f_{Hz}',
)
# --- frequency branch ---
self.FL1 = Limiter(u=self.fHz, lower=self.ft0, upper=self.ft1,
info='Under frequency comparer', no_warn=True,
)
self.FL2 = Limiter(u=self.fHz, lower=self.ft2, upper=self.ft3,
info='Over frequency comparer', no_warn=True,
)
self.Kft01 = ConstService(v_str='1/(ft1 - ft0)', tex_name='K_{ft01}')
self.Ffl = Algeb(info='Coeff. for under frequency',
v_str='FL1_zi * Kft01 * (fHz - ft0) + FL1_zu',
e_str='FL1_zi * Kft01 * (fHz - ft0) + FL1_zu - Ffl',
tex_name='F_{fl}',
discrete=self.FL1,
)
self.Kft23 = ConstService(v_str='1/(ft3 - ft2)', tex_name='K_{ft23}')
self.Ffh = Algeb(info='Coeff. for over frequency',
v_str='FL2_zl + FL2_zi * (1 + Kft23 * (ft2 - fHz))',
e_str='FL2_zl + FL2_zi * (1 + Kft23 * (ft2 - fHz)) - Ffh',
tex_name='F_{fh}',
discrete=self.FL2,
)
self.Fdev = Algeb(info='Frequency deviation',
v_str='fn - fHz', e_str='fn - fHz - Fdev',
unit='Hz', tex_name='f_{dev}',
)
self.DB = DeadBand1(u=self.Fdev, center=0.0, lower=self.fdbd, upper=0.0, gain=self.ddn,
info='frequency deviation deadband with gain',
) # outputs `Pdrp`
self.DB.db.no_warn = True
# --- Voltage flags ---
self.VL1 = Limiter(u=self.v, lower=self.vt0, upper=self.vt1,
info='Under voltage comparer', no_warn=True,
)
self.VL2 = Limiter(u=self.v, lower=self.vt2, upper=self.vt3,
info='Over voltage comparer', no_warn=True,
)
self.Kvt01 = ConstService(v_str='1/(vt1 - vt0)', tex_name='K_{vt01}')
self.Fvl = Algeb(info='Coeff. for under voltage',
v_str='VL1_zi * Kvt01 * (v - vt0) + VL1_zu',
e_str='VL1_zi * Kvt01 * (v - vt0) + VL1_zu - Fvl',
tex_name='F_{vl}',
discrete=self.VL1,
)
self.Kvt23 = ConstService(v_str='1/(vt3 - vt2)', tex_name='K_{vt23}')
self.Fvh = Algeb(info='Coeff. for over voltage',
v_str='VL2_zl + VL2_zi * (1 + Kvt23 * (vt2 - v))',
e_str='VL2_zl + VL2_zi * (1 + Kvt23 * (vt2 - v)) - Fvh',
tex_name='F_{vh}',
discrete=self.VL2,
)
# --- sensed voltage with lower limit of 0.01 ---
self.VLo = Limiter(u=self.v, lower=0.01, upper=999, no_upper=True,
info='Voltage lower limit (0.01) flag',
)
self.vp = Algeb(tex_name='V_p',
info='Sensed positive voltage',
v_str='v * VLo_zi + 0.01 * VLo_zl',
e_str='v * VLo_zi + 0.01 * VLo_zl - vp',
)
self.Pext0 = ConstService(info='External additional signal added to Pext',
tex_name='P_{ext0}',
v_str='0',
)
self.Pext = Algeb(tex_name='P_{ext}',
info='External power signal (for AGC)',
v_str='u * Pext0',
e_str='u * Pext0 - Pext'
)
self.Pref = Algeb(tex_name='P_{ref}',
info='Reference power signal (for scheduling setpoint)',
v_str='u * pref0',
e_str='u * pref0 - Pref'
)
self.Psum = Algeb(tex_name='P_{tot}',
info='Sum of P signals',
v_str='u * (Pext + Pref + DB_y)',
e_str='u * (Pext + Pref + DB_y) - Psum',
) # `DB_y` is `Pdrp` (f droop)
self.PHL = Limiter(u=self.Psum, lower=0.0, upper=self.pmx,
enable=self.config.plim,
info='limiter for Psum in [0, pmx]',
)
self.Vcomp = VarService(v_str='abs(v*exp(1j*a) + (1j * xc) * (Ipout_y + 1j * Iqout_y))',
info='Voltage before Xc compensation',
tex_name='V_{comp}'
)
self.Vqu = ConstService(v_str='v1 - (qref0 - qmn) / dqdv',
info='Upper voltage bound => qmx',
tex_name='V_{qu}',
)
self.Vql = ConstService(v_str='v0 + (qmx - qref0) / dqdv',
info='Lower voltage bound => qmn',
tex_name='V_{ql}',
)
self.VQ1 = Limiter(u=self.Vcomp, lower=self.Vql, upper=self.v0,
info='Under voltage comparer for Q droop',
no_warn=True,
)
self.VQ2 = Limiter(u=self.Vcomp, lower=self.v1, upper=self.Vqu,
info='Over voltage comparer for Q droop',
no_warn=True,
)
Qdrp = 'u * VQ1_zl * qmx + VQ2_zu * qmn + ' \
'u * VQ1_zi * (qmx + dqdv *(Vqu - Vcomp)) + ' \
'u * VQ2_zi * (dqdv * (v1 - Vcomp)) '
self.Qdrp = Algeb(tex_name='Q_{drp}',
info='External power signal (for AGC)',
v_str=Qdrp,
e_str=f'{Qdrp} - Qdrp',
discrete=(self.VQ1, self.VQ2),
)
self.Qref = Algeb(tex_name=r'Q_{ref}',
info='Reference power signal (for scheduling setpoint)',
v_str='u * qref0',
e_str='u * qref0 - Qref'
)
self.Qsum = Algeb(tex_name=r'Q_{tot}',
info='Sum of Q signals',
v_str=f'u * (qref0 + {Qdrp})',
e_str='u * (Qref + Qdrp) - Qsum',
discrete=(self.VQ1, self.VQ2),
)
self.Ipul = Algeb(info='Ipcmd before Ip hard limit',
v_str='(Psum * PHL_zi + pmx * PHL_zu) / vp',
e_str='(Psum * PHL_zi + pmx * PHL_zu) / vp - Ipul',
tex_name='I_{p,ul}',
)
self.Iqul = Algeb(info='Iqcmd before Iq hard limit',
v_str='Qsum / vp',
e_str='Qsum / vp - Iqul',
tex_name='I_{q,ul}',
)
# --- Ipmax, Iqmax and Iqmin ---
Ipmaxsq = "(Piecewise((0, Le(ialim**2 - Iqcmd_y**2, 0)), ((ialim**2 - Iqcmd_y ** 2), True)))"
Ipmaxsq0 = "(Piecewise((0, Le(ialim**2 - (u*qref0/v)**2, 0)), ((ialim**2 - (u*qref0/v) ** 2), True)))"
self.Ipmaxsq = VarService(v_str=Ipmaxsq, tex_name='I_{pmax}^2')
self.Ipmaxsq0 = ConstService(v_str=Ipmaxsq0, tex_name='I_{pmax0}^2')
self.Ipmax = Algeb(v_str='(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq0))',
e_str='(SWPQ_s1 * ialim + SWPQ_s0 * sqrt(Ipmaxsq)) - Ipmax',
tex_name='I_{pmax}',
)
Iqmaxsq = "(Piecewise((0, Le(ialim**2 - Ipcmd_y**2, 0)), ((ialim**2 - Ipcmd_y ** 2), True)))"
Iqmaxsq0 = "(Piecewise((0, Le(ialim**2 - (u*pref0/v)**2, 0)), ((ialim**2 - (u*pref0/v) ** 2), True)))"
self.Iqmaxsq = VarService(v_str=Iqmaxsq, tex_name='I_{qmax}^2')
self.Iqmaxsq0 = ConstService(v_str=Iqmaxsq0, tex_name='I_{qmax0}^2')
self.Iqmax = Algeb(v_str='SWPQ_s0 * ialim + SWPQ_s1 * sqrt(Iqmaxsq0)',
e_str='SWPQ_s0 * ialim + SWPQ_s1 * sqrt(Iqmaxsq) - Iqmax',
tex_name='I_{qmax}',
)
# TODO: set option whether to use degrading gain
# --- `Ipcmd` and `Iqcmd` ---
self.Ipcmd = GainLimiter(u=self.Ipul,
K=1, R='Fvl * Fvh * Ffl * Ffh * recflag + 1 * (1 - recflag)',
lower=0, upper=self.Ipmax,
info='Ip with limiter and coeff.',
tex_name='I^{pcmd}',
)
self.Iqcmd = GainLimiter(u=self.Iqul,
K=1, R='Fvl * Fvh * Ffl * Ffh * recflag + 1 * (1 - recflag)',
lower=self.Iqmax, sign_lower=-1,
upper=self.Iqmax,
info='Iq with limiter and coeff.',
tex_name='I^{qcmd}',
)
self.Ipout = Lag(u=self.Ipcmd_y, T=self.tip, K=1.0,
info='Output Ip filter',
)
self.Iqout = Lag(u=self.Iqcmd_y, T=self.tiq, K=1.0,
info='Output Iq filter',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
info='Initial saturation output',
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='Ae * exp(Be * vf0)',
)
self.vr0 = ConstService(info='Initial vr',
tex_name='V_{r0}',
v_str='(KE + Se0) * vf0')
self.vb0 = ConstService(info='Initial vb',
tex_name='V_{b0}',
v_str='vr0 / KA')
self.vref0 = ConstService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vb0 + v')
self.Se = Algeb(info='Saturation output',
tex_name='S_e',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='Ae * exp(Be * vout) - Se')
self.vp = State(
info='Voltage after saturation feedback, before speed term',
tex_name='V_p',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vf0',
e_str='(LA_x - KE * vp - Se * vp) / TE')
self.LS = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.TR, K=1.0, info='Sensing lag TF')
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vb0',
e_str='(vref - LS_x - W_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag for internal delays',
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRMAX,
lower=self.VRMIN,
info='Anti-windup lag',
)
self.W = Washout(
u=self.vp,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF1,
)
self.vout.e_str = 'omega * vp - vout'
