def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(model='RenExciter', src='reg', indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(model='RenGen', src='Sn', indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n', export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(model='RenExciter', src='wg', indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s1_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg, tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.H2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * H', tex_name='2H')
self.Pm = Algeb(tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
self.wr0 = Algeb(tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
# `s1_y` is `w_m`
self.s1 = Integrator(u='(Pm - Pe) / wge - D * (s1_y - wr0)',
T=self.H2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
# make two alias states, `wt` and `wg`, pointing to `s1_y`
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
self.wg = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
self.s3_y = State(info='Unused state variable',
tex_name='y_{s3}',
)
self.Kshaft = ConstService(v_str='1.0', tex_name='K_{shaft}',
info='Dummy Kshaft',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenAerodynamics'
self.Sn = ExtParam(
model='RenGovernor',
src='Sn',
indexer=self.rego,
tex_name='S_n',
export=False,
)
self.Pe0 = ExtService(
model='RenGovernor',
src='Pe0',
indexer=self.rego,
tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.Pmg = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenGovernor',
src='Pm',
indexer=self.rego,
)
self.theta = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Pitch angle',
unit='rad',
)
def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
SlackData.__init__(self)
PVModel.__init__(self, system, config)
self.config.add(OrderedDict((('av2pv', 0), )))
self.config.add_extra(
"_help",
av2pv="convert Slack to PV in PFlow at P limits",
)
self.config.add_extra(
"_alt",
av2pv=(0, 1),
)
self.config.add_extra(
"_tex",
av2pv="z_{av2pv}",
)
self.busa0 = ExtParam(
model='Bus',
src='a0',
indexer=self.bus,
export=False,
tex_name=r'\theta_{0bus}',
)
self.a.v_setter = True
self.a.v_str = 'u * a0 + (1-u) * busa0'
self.plim = SortedLimiter(u=self.p,
lower=self.pmin,
upper=self.pmax,
enable=self.config.av2pv)
self.p.e_str = "u*(plim_zi * (a0-a) + " \
"plim_zl * (pmin-p) + " \
"plim_zu * (pmax-p))"
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.group = 'DynLoad'
self.flags.tds = True
self.bus = ExtParam(model='PQ', src='bus', indexer=self.pq)
self.p0 = ExtService(model='PQ', src='Ppf', indexer=self.pq,
tex_name='P_0',
)
self.q0 = ExtService(model='PQ', src='Qpf', indexer=self.pq,
tex_name='Q_0',
)
self.v0 = ExtService(model='Bus', src='v', indexer=self.bus,
tex_name='V_0',
)
self.busfreq = DeviceFinder(u=self.busf, link=self.bus, idx_name='bus',
info='found idx of BusFreq',
)
self.f = ExtAlgeb(model='FreqMeasurement', src='f', indexer=self.busfreq,
tex_name='f',
)
self.pv0 = ConstService(v_str='u * kp/100 * p0 / (v0) ** ap ')
self.qv0 = ConstService(v_str='u * kq/100 * q0 / (v0) ** aq ')
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus', src='a', indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
e_str='pv0 * (v ** ap) * (f ** bp)',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus', src='v', indexer=self.bus,
tex_name='V',
e_str='qv0 * (v ** aq) * (f ** bq)',
ename='Q',
tex_ename='Q',
)
def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
SlackData.__init__(self)
PVModel.__init__(self, system, config)
self.config.add(OrderedDict((('av2pv', 0),
)))
self.config.add_extra("_help",
av2pv="convert Slack to PV in PFlow at P limits",
)
self.config.add_extra("_alt",
av2pv=(0, 1),
)
self.config.add_extra("_tex",
av2pv="z_{av2pv}",
)
self.busa0 = ExtParam(model='Bus', src='a0', indexer=self.bus,
export=False, tex_name=r'\theta_{0bus}',
)
self.a.v_setter = True
self.a.v_str = 'u * a0 + (1-u) * busa0'
delattr(self, 'p')
self.services.pop('p')
self.p = Algeb(info='actual active power generation',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'p',
diag_eps=True,
v_str='u * p0',
)
self.p.e_str = "u*(plim_zi * (a0-a) + " \
"plim_zl * (pmin-p) + " \
"plim_zu * (pmax-p))"
self.a.e_str = '-u * p'
self.plim = SortedLimiter(u=self.p, lower=self.pmin, upper=self.pmax,
enable=self.config.av2pv)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.group = 'RenPlant'
self.flags.tds = True
self.config.add(OrderedDict((
('kqs', 2),
('ksg', 2),
('freeze', 1),
)))
self.config.add_extra(
'_help',
kqs='Tracking gain for reactive power PI controller',
ksg='Tracking gain for active power PI controller',
freeze='Voltage dip freeze flag; 1-enable, 0-disable',
)
self.config.add_extra('_tex',
kqs='K_{qs}',
ksg='K_{sg}',
freeze='f_{rz}')
# --- from RenExciter ---
self.reg = ExtParam(
model='RenExciter',
src='reg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
info='Retrieved RenGen idx',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.Pext = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='Pref',
indexer=self.ree,
info='Pref from RenExciter renamed as Pext',
tex_name='P_{ext}',
)
self.Qext = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='Qref',
indexer=self.ree,
info='Qref from RenExciter renamed as Qext',
tex_name='Q_{ext}',
)
# --- from RenGen ---
self.bus = ExtParam(
model='RenGen',
src='bus',
indexer=self.reg,
export=False,
info='Retrieved bus idx',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.buss = DataSelect(self.busr,
self.bus,
info='selected bus (bus or busr)')
self.busfreq = DeviceFinder(self.busf, link=self.buss, idx_name='bus')
# from Bus
self.v = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.buss,
tex_name='V',
info='Bus (or busr, if given) terminal voltage',
)
self.a = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.buss,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus (or busr, if given) phase angle',
)
self.v0 = ExtService(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.buss,
tex_name="V_0",
info='Initial bus voltage',
)
# from BusFreq
self.f = ExtAlgeb(model='FreqMeasurement',
src='f',
indexer=self.busfreq,
export=False,
info='Bus frequency',
unit='p.u.')
# from Line
self.bus1 = ExtParam(
model='ACLine',
src='bus1',
indexer=self.line,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Line.bus1 idx',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.bus2 = ExtParam(
model='ACLine',
src='bus2',
indexer=self.line,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Line.bus2 idx',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.r = ExtParam(
model='ACLine',
src='r',
indexer=self.line,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Line.r',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.x = ExtParam(
model='ACLine',
src='x',
indexer=self.line,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Line.x',
vtype=str,
default=None,
)
self.v1 = ExtAlgeb(
model='ACLine',
src='v1',
indexer=self.line,
tex_name='V_1',
info='Voltage at Line.bus1',
)
self.v2 = ExtAlgeb(
model='ACLine',
src='v2',
indexer=self.line,
tex_name='V_2',
info='Voltage at Line.bus2',
)
self.a1 = ExtAlgeb(
model='ACLine',
src='a1',
indexer=self.line,
tex_name=r'\theta_1',
info='Angle at Line.bus1',
)
self.a2 = ExtAlgeb(
model='ACLine',
src='a2',
indexer=self.line,
tex_name=r'\theta_2',
info='Angle at Line.bus2',
)
# -- begin services ---
self.Isign = CurrentSign(self.bus,
self.bus1,
self.bus2,
tex_name='I_{sign}')
Iline = '(Isign * (v1*exp(1j*a1) - v2*exp(1j*a2)) / (r + 1j*x))'
self.Iline = VarService(
v_str=Iline,
vtype=complex,
info='Complex current from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='I_{line}',
)
self.Iline0 = ConstService(
v_str='Iline',
vtype=complex,
info='Initial complex current from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='I_{line0}',
)
Pline = 're(Isign * v1*exp(1j*a1) * conj((v1*exp(1j*a1) - v2*exp(1j*a2)) / (r + 1j*x)))'
self.Pline = VarService(
v_str=Pline,
vtype=float,
info='Complex power from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='P_{line}',
)
self.Pline0 = ConstService(
v_str='Pline',
vtype=float,
info='Initial vomplex power from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='P_{line0}',
)
Qline = 'im(Isign * v1*exp(1j*a1) * conj((v1*exp(1j*a1) - v2*exp(1j*a2)) / (r + 1j*x)))'
self.Qline = VarService(
v_str=Qline,
vtype=float,
info='Complex power from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='Q_{line}',
)
self.Qline0 = ConstService(
v_str='Qline',
vtype=float,
info='Initial complex power from bus1 to bus2',
tex_name='Q_{line0}',
)
self.Rcs = NumSelect(
self.Rc,
self.r,
info='Line R (Rc if provided, otherwise line.r)',
tex_name='R_{cs}',
)
self.Xcs = NumSelect(
self.Xc,
self.x,
info='Line X (Xc if provided, otherwise line.x)',
tex_name='X_{cs}',
)
self.Vcomp = VarService(
v_str='abs(v*exp(1j*a) - (Rcs + 1j * Xcs) * Iline)',
info='Voltage after Rc/Xc compensation',
tex_name='V_{comp}')
self.SWVC = Switcher(u=self.VCFlag,
options=(0, 1),
tex_name='SW_{VC}',
cache=True)
self.SWRef = Switcher(u=self.RefFlag,
options=(0, 1),
tex_name='SW_{Ref}',
cache=True)
self.SWF = Switcher(u=self.Fflag,
options=(0, 1),
tex_name='SW_{F}',
cache=True)
self.SWPL = Switcher(u=self.PLflag,
options=(0, 1),
tex_name='SW_{PL}',
cache=True)
VCsel = '(SWVC_s1 * Vcomp + SWVC_s0 * (Qline * Kc + v))'
self.Vref0 = ConstService(
v_str='(SWVC_s1 * Vcomp + SWVC_s0 * (Qline0 * Kc + v))',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
)
self.s0 = Lag(
VCsel,
T=self.Tfltr,
K=1,
tex_name='s_0',
info='V filter',
) # s0_y is the filter output of voltage deviation
self.s1 = Lag(self.Qline, T=self.Tfltr, K=1, tex_name='s_1')
self.Vref = Algeb(v_str='Vref0',
e_str='Vref0 - Vref',
tex_name='Q_{ref}')
self.Qlinef = Algeb(v_str='Qline0',
e_str='Qline0 - Qlinef',
tex_name='Q_{linef}')
Refsel = '(SWRef_s0 * (Qlinef - s1_y) + SWRef_s1 * (Vref - s0_y))'
self.Refsel = Algeb(v_str=Refsel,
e_str=f'{Refsel} - Refsel',
tex_name='R_{efsel}')
self.dbd = DeadBand1(
u=self.Refsel,
lower=self.dbd1,
upper=self.dbd2,
center=0.0,
tex_name='d^{bd}',
)
# --- e Hardlimit and hold logic ---
self.eHL = Limiter(
u=self.dbd_y,
lower=self.emin,
upper=self.emax,
tex_name='e_{HL}',
info='Hardlimit on deadband output',
)
self.zf = VarService(
v_str='Indicator(v < Vfrz) * freeze',
tex_name='z_f',
info='PI Q input freeze signal',
)
self.enf = Algeb(
tex_name='e_{nf}',
info='e Hardlimit output before freeze',
v_str='dbd_y*eHL_zi + emax*eHL_zu + emin*eHL_zl',
e_str='dbd_y*eHL_zi + emax*eHL_zu + emin*eHL_zl - enf',
)
# --- hold of `enf` when v < vfrz
self.eHld = VarHold(
u=self.enf,
hold=self.zf,
tex_name='e_{hld}',
info='e Hardlimit output after conditional hold',
)
self.s2 = PITrackAW(
u='eHld',
kp=self.Kp,
ki=self.Ki,
ks=self.config.kqs,
lower=self.Qmin,
upper=self.Qmax,
info='PI controller for eHL output',
tex_name='s_2',
)
self.s3 = LeadLag(
u=self.s2_y,
T1=self.Tft,
T2=self.Tfv,
K=1,
tex_name='s_3',
) # s3_y == Qext
# Active power part
self.s4 = Lag(
self.Pline,
T=self.Tp,
K=1,
tex_name='s_4',
info='Pline filter',
)
self.Freq_ref = ConstService(v_str='1.0',
tex_name='f_{ref}',
info='Initial Freq_ref')
self.ferr = Algeb(
tex_name='f_{err}',
info='Frequency deviation',
unit='p.u. (Hz)',
v_str='(Freq_ref - f)',
e_str='(Freq_ref - f) - ferr',
)
self.fdbd = DeadBand1(
u=self.ferr,
center=0.0,
lower=self.fdbd1,
upper=self.fdbd2,
tex_name='f^{dbd}',
info='frequency error deadband',
)
self.fdlt0 = LessThan(
self.fdbd_y,
0.0,
tex_name='f_{dlt0}',
info='frequency deadband output less than zero',
)
fdroop = '(fdbd_y * Ddn * fdlt0_z1 + fdbd_y * Dup * fdlt0_z0)'
self.Plant_pref = Algeb(
tex_name='P_{ref}',
info='Plant P ref',
v_str='Pline0',
e_str='Pline0 - Plant_pref',
)
self.Plerr = Algeb(
tex_name='P_{lerr}',
info='Pline error',
v_str='- s4_y + Plant_pref',
e_str='- s4_y + Plant_pref - Plerr',
)
self.Perr = Algeb(
tex_name='P_{err}',
info='Power error before fe limits',
v_str=f'{fdroop} + Plerr * SWPL_s1',
e_str=f'{fdroop} + Plerr * SWPL_s1 - Perr',
)
self.feHL = Limiter(
self.Perr,
lower=self.femin,
upper=self.femax,
tex_name='f_{eHL}',
info='Limiter for power (frequency) error',
)
feout = '(Perr * feHL_zi + femin * feHL_zl + femax * feHL_zu)'
self.s5 = PITrackAW(
u=feout,
kp=self.Kpg,
ki=self.Kig,
ks=self.config.ksg,
lower=self.Pmin,
upper=self.Pmax,
tex_name='s_5',
info='PI for fe limiter output',
)
self.s6 = Lag(
u=self.s5_y,
T=self.Tg,
K=1,
tex_name='s_6',
info='Output filter for Pext',
)
Qext = '(s3_y)'
Pext = '(SWF_s1 * s6_y)'
self.Pext.e_str = Pext
self.Qext.e_str = Qext
def __init__(self, system, config):
super().__init__(system, config)
self.group = 'PSS'
self.flags.update({'tds': True})
self.VCUr = Replace(self.VCU, lambda x: np.equal(x, 0.0), 999)
self.VCLr = Replace(self.VCL, lambda x: np.equal(x, 0.0), -999)
# retrieve indices of connected generator, bus, and bus freq
self.syn = ExtParam(model='Exciter', src='syn', indexer=self.avr, export=False,
info='Retrieved generator idx', vtype=str)
self.bus = ExtParam(model='SynGen', src='bus', indexer=self.syn, export=False,
info='Retrieved bus idx', vtype=str, default=None,
)
self.buss = DataSelect(self.busr, self.bus, info='selected bus (bus or busr)')
self.busfreq = DeviceFinder(self.busf, link=self.buss, idx_name='bus',
default_model='BusFreq')
# from SynGen
self.Sn = ExtParam(model='SynGen', src='Sn', indexer=self.syn, tex_name='S_n',
info='Generator power base', export=False)
self.omega = ExtState(model='SynGen', src='omega', indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\omega', info='Generator speed', unit='p.u.',
is_input=True,
)
self.tm0 = ExtService(model='SynGen', src='tm', indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m0}', info='Initial mechanical input',
)
self.tm = ExtAlgeb(model='SynGen', src='tm', indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\tau_m', info='Generator mechanical input',
is_input=True,
)
self.te = ExtAlgeb(model='SynGen', src='te', indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\tau_e', info='Generator electrical output',
is_input=True,
)
# from Bus
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus', src='v', indexer=self.buss, tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus (or busr, if given) terminal voltage',
is_input=True,
)
self.v0 = ExtService(model='Bus', src='v', indexer=self.buss, tex_name="V_0",
info='Initial bus voltage',
)
# from BusFreq
self.f = ExtAlgeb(model='FreqMeasurement', src='f', indexer=self.busfreq, export=False,
info='Bus frequency',
is_input=True,
)
# from Exciter
self.vi = ExtAlgeb(model='Exciter', src='vi', indexer=self.avr, tex_name='v_i',
info='Exciter input voltage',
e_str='u * vsout',
ename='Vi',
tex_ename='V_i',
is_input=True,
)
self.vsout = Algeb(info='PSS output voltage to exciter',
tex_name='v_{sout}',
is_output=True,
) # `self.vsout.e_str` to be provided by specific models
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenPitch'
self.rego = ExtParam(
model='RenAerodynamics',
src='rego',
indexer=self.rea,
export=False,
)
self.ree = ExtParam(
model='RenGovernor',
src='ree',
indexer=self.rego,
export=False,
)
self.wt = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenGovernor',
src='wt',
indexer=self.rego,
export=False,
)
self.theta0 = ExtService(
model='RenAerodynamics',
src='theta0',
indexer=self.rea,
)
self.theta = ExtAlgeb(model='RenAerodynamics',
src='theta',
indexer=self.rea,
export=False,
e_str='-theta0 + LG_y')
self.Pord = ExtState(
model='RenExciter',
src='Pord',
indexer=self.ree,
)
self.Pref = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='Pref',
indexer=self.ree,
)
self.PIc = PIAWHardLimit(
u='Pord - Pref',
kp=self.Kpc,
ki=self.Kic,
aw_lower=self.thmin,
aw_upper=self.thmax,
lower=self.thmin,
upper=self.thmax,
tex_name='PI_c',
info='PI for active power diff compensation',
)
self.wref = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\omega_{ref}',
info='optional speed reference',
e_str='wt - wref',
v_str='wt',
)
self.PIw = PIAWHardLimit(
u='Kcc * (Pord - Pref) + wt - wref',
kp=self.Kpw,
ki=self.Kiw,
aw_lower=self.thmin,
aw_upper=self.thmax,
lower=self.thmin,
upper=self.thmax,
tex_name='PI_w',
info='PI for speed and active power deviation',
)
self.LG = LagAntiWindupRate(u='PIw_y + PIc_y',
T=self.Tp,
K=1.0,
lower=self.thmin,
upper=self.thmax,
rate_lower=self.dthmin,
rate_upper=self.dthmax,
tex_name='LG',
info='Output lag anti-windup rate limiter')
# remove warning when pitch angle==0
self.PIc_hl.warn_flags.pop(0)
self.PIc_aw.warn_flags.pop(0)
self.PIw_hl.warn_flags.pop(0)
self.PIw_aw.warn_flags.pop(0)
self.LG_lim.warn_flags.pop(0)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGen'
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus voltage angle',
e_str='-Pe',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus voltage magnitude',
e_str='-Qe',
)
self.p0s = ExtService(model='StaticGen',
src='p',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='P_{0s}',
info='initial P of the static gen',
)
self.q0s = ExtService(model='StaticGen',
src='q',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='Q_{0s}',
info='initial Q of the static gen',
)
self.p0 = ConstService(v_str='p0s * gammap',
tex_name='P_0',
info='initial P of this gen',
)
self.q0 = ConstService(v_str='q0s * gammaq',
tex_name='Q_0',
info='initial Q of this gen',
)
self.ra = ExtParam(model='StaticGen',
src='ra',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='r_a',
export=False,
)
self.xs = ExtParam(model='StaticGen',
src='xs',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='x_s',
export=False,
)
# --- INITIALIZATION ---
self.q0gt0 = ConstService('Indicator(q0> 0)', tex_name='z_{q0>0}',
info='flags for q0 below zero',
)
self.q0lt0 = ConstService('Indicator(q0< 0)', tex_name='z_{q0<0}',
info='flags for q0 below zero',
)
self.Ipcmd0 = ConstService('p0 / v', info='initial Ipcmd',
tex_name='I_{pcmd0}',
)
self.Iqcmd0 = ConstService('-q0 / v', info='initial Iqcmd',
tex_name='I_{qcmd0}',
)
self.Ipcmd = Algeb(tex_name='I_{pcmd}',
info='current component for active power',
e_str='Ipcmd0 - Ipcmd', v_str='Ipcmd0')
self.Iqcmd = Algeb(tex_name='I_{qcmd}',
info='current component for reactive power',
e_str='Iqcmd0 - Iqcmd', v_str='Iqcmd0')
# reactive power management
# rate limiting logic (for fault recovery, although it does not detect any recovery)
# - activate upper limit when q0 > 0 (self.q0gt0)
# - activate lower limit when q0 < 0 (self.q0lt0)
self.S1 = LagAntiWindupRate(u=self.Iqcmd,
T=self.Tg, K=-1,
lower=-9999, upper=9999, no_lower=True, no_upper=True,
rate_lower=self.Iqrmin, rate_upper=self.Iqrmax,
rate_lower_cond=self.q0lt0, rate_upper_cond=self.q0gt0,
tex_name='S_1',
info='Iqcmd delay',
) # output `S1_y` == `Iq`
# piece-wise gain for low voltage active current mgnt.
self.kLVG = ConstService(v_str='1 / (Lvpnt1 - Lvpnt0)',
tex_name='k_{LVG}',
)
self.LVG = Piecewise(u=self.v, points=('Lvpnt0', 'Lvpnt1'),
funs=('0', '(v - Lvpnt0) * kLVG', '1'),
info='Ip gain during low voltage',
tex_name='L_{VG}',
)
# piece-wise gain for LVPL
self.kLVPL = ConstService(v_str='Lvplsw * Lvpl1 / (Brkpt - Zerox)',
tex_name='k_{LVPL}',
)
self.S2 = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.Tfltr, K=1.0,
info='Voltage filter with no anti-windup',
tex_name='S_2',
)
self.LVPL = Piecewise(u=self.S2_y,
points=('Zerox', 'Brkpt'),
funs=('0 + 9999*(1-Lvplsw)',
'(S2_y - Zerox) * kLVPL + 9999 * (1-Lvplsw)',
'9999'),
info='Low voltage Ipcmd upper limit',
tex_name='L_{VPL}',
)
self.S0 = LagAntiWindupRate(u=self.Ipcmd, T=self.Tg, K=1,
upper=self.LVPL_y, rate_upper=self.Rrpwr,
lower=-9999, rate_lower=-9999,
no_lower=True, rate_no_lower=True,
tex_name='S_0',
) # `S0_y` is the output `Ip` in the block diagram
self.Ipout = Algeb(e_str='S0_y * LVG_y -Ipout',
v_str='Ipcmd * LVG_y',
info='Output Ip current',
tex_name='I_{pout}',
)
# high voltage part
self.HVG = GainLimiter(u='v - Volim', K=self.Khv, info='High voltage gain block',
lower=0, upper=999, no_upper=True,
tex_name='H_{VG}'
)
self.HVG.lim.no_warn = True
self.Iqout = GainLimiter(u='S1_y- HVG_y', K=1, lower=self.Iolim, upper=9999,
no_upper=True, info='Iq output block',
tex_name='I^{qout}',
) # `Iqout_y` is the final Iq output
self.Pe = Algeb(tex_name='P_e', info='Active power output',
v_str='p0', e_str='Ipout * v - Pe')
self.Qe = Algeb(tex_name='Q_e', info='Reactive power output',
v_str='q0', e_str='Iqout_y * v - Qe')
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.group = 'SynGen'
self.group_param_exception = ['Sn', 'M', 'D']
self.group_var_exception = ['vd', 'vq', 'Id', 'Iq', 'tm', 'te', 'vf', 'XadIfd']
self.flags.tds = True
self.subidx = ExtParam(model='StaticGen',
src='subidx',
indexer=self.gen,
export=False,
info='Generator idx in plant; only used by PSS/E data'
)
self.zs = ConstService('ra + 1j * xs', vtype=complex,
info='impedance',
)
self.zs2n = ConstService('ra * ra - xs * xs',
info='ra^2 - xs^2',
)
# get power flow solutions
self.p = ExtService(model='StaticGen', src='p',
indexer=self.gen,
)
self.q = ExtService(model='StaticGen', src='q',
indexer=self.gen,
)
self.Ec = ConstService('v * exp(1j * a) +'
'conj((p + 1j * q) / (v * exp(1j * a))) * (ra + 1j * xs)',
vtype=complex,
tex_name='E_c',
)
self.E0 = ConstService('abs(Ec)', tex_name='E_0')
self.delta0 = ConstService('arg(Ec)', tex_name=r'\delta_0')
# Note: `Vts` and `fts` are assigned by TimeSeries before initializing this model.
self.Vts = ConstService()
self.fts = ConstService()
self.ifscale = ConstService('1/fscale', tex_name='1/f_{scale}')
self.iVscale = ConstService('1/Vscale', tex_name='1/V_{scale}')
self.foffs = ConstService('fts * ifscale - 1', tex_name='f_{offs}')
self.Voffs = ConstService('Vts * iVscale - E0', tex_name='V_{offs}')
self.Vflt = State(info='filtered voltage',
t_const=self.Tv,
v_str='(iVscale * Vts - Voffs)',
e_str='(iVscale * Vts - Voffs) - Vflt',
unit='pu',
tex_name='V_{flt}',
)
self.omega = State(info='filtered frequency',
t_const=self.Tf,
v_str='fts * ifscale - foffs',
e_str='(ifscale * fts - foffs) - omega',
unit='pu',
tex_name=r'\omega',
)
self.delta = State(info='rotor angle',
unit='rad',
v_str='delta0',
tex_name=r'\delta',
e_str='u * (2 * pi * fn) * (omega - 1)',
)
# --- Power injections are obtained by sympy ---
# >>> from sympy import symbols, sin, cos, conjugate
# >>> Vflt, delta, v, a, ra, xs = symbols('Vflt delta v a ra xs', real=True)
# >>> S = -v * (cos(a) + 1j*sin(a)) * \
# conjugate((Vflt * (cos(delta)+1j*sin(delta)) - v*(cos(a)+1j*sin(a))) / (ra+1j*xs))
# >>> S.simplify().as_real_imag()
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus voltage phase angle',
e_str='Vflt*v*xs*sin(a - delta)/(ra*ra + xs*xs) + '
'ra*v*(-Vflt*cos(a - delta) + v)/(ra*ra + xs*xs)',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus voltage magnitude',
ename='Q',
e_str='-Vflt*ra*v*sin(a - delta)/(ra*ra + xs*xs) + '
'v*xs*(-Vflt*cos(a - delta) + v)/(ra*ra + xs*xs)',
tex_ename='Q',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenExciter'
self.config.add(OrderedDict((('kqs', 2),
('kvs', 2),
('tpfilt', 0.02),
)))
self.config.add_extra('_help',
kqs='Q PI controller tracking gain',
kvs='Voltage PI controller tracking gain',
tpfilt='Time const. for Pref filter',
)
self.config.add_extra('_tex',
kqs='K_{qs}',
kvs='K_{vs}',
tpfilt='T_{pfilt}',
)
# --- Sanitize inputs ---
self.Imaxr = Replace(self.Imax, flt=lambda x: np.less_equal(x, 0), new_val=1e8,
tex_name='I_{maxr}')
# --- Flag switchers ---
self.SWPF = Switcher(u=self.PFFLAG, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{PF}', cache=True)
self.SWV = Switcher(u=self.VFLAG, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{V}', cache=True)
self.SWQ = Switcher(u=self.QFLAG, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{V}', cache=True)
self.SWP = Switcher(u=self.PFLAG, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{P}', cache=True)
self.SWPQ = Switcher(u=self.PQFLAG, options=(0, 1), tex_name='SW_{PQ}', cache=True)
# --- External parameters ---
self.bus = ExtParam(model='RenGen', src='bus', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved bus idx', vtype=str, default=None,
)
self.buss = DataSelect(self.busr, self.bus, info='selected bus (bus or busr)')
self.gen = ExtParam(model='RenGen', src='gen', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved StaticGen idx', vtype=str, default=None,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(model='RenGen', src='Sn', indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n', export=False,
)
# --- External variables ---
self.a = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus voltage angle',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus voltage magnitude',
) # check whether to use `bus` or `buss`
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Qe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Qe', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Qe of RenGen')
self.Ipcmd = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Ipcmd', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Ipcmd of RenGen',
e_str='-Ipcmd0 + IpHL_y',
)
self.Iqcmd = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Iqcmd', indexer=self.reg, export=False,
info='Retrieved Iqcmd of RenGen',
e_str='-Iqcmd0 - IqHL_y',
)
self.p0 = ExtService(model='RenGen',
src='p0',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_0',
)
self.q0 = ExtService(model='RenGen',
src='q0',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='Q_0',
)
# Initial current commands
self.Ipcmd0 = ConstService('p0 / v', info='initial Ipcmd')
self.Iqcmd0 = ConstService('-q0 / v', info='initial Iqcmd')
# --- Initial power factor angle ---
# NOTE: if `p0` = 0, `pfaref0` = pi/2, `tan(pfaref0)` = inf
self.pfaref0 = ConstService(v_str='atan2(q0, p0)', tex_name=r'\Phi_{ref0}',
info='Initial power factor angle',
)
# flag devices with `p0`=0, which causes `tan(PF) = +inf`
self.zp0 = ConstService(v_str='Eq(p0, 0)',
vtype=float,
tex_name='z_{p0}',
)
# --- Discrete components ---
self.Vcmp = Limiter(u=self.v, lower=self.Vdip, upper=self.Vup, tex_name='V_{cmp}',
info='Voltage dip comparator', equal=False,
)
self.Volt_dip = VarService(v_str='1 - Vcmp_zi',
info='Voltage dip flag; 1-dip, 0-normal',
tex_name='z_{Vdip}',
)
# --- Equations begin ---
self.s0 = Lag(u=self.v, T=self.Trv, K=1,
info='Voltage filter',
)
self.VLower = Limiter(u=self.v, lower=0.01, upper=999, no_upper=True,
info='Limiter for lower voltage cap',
)
self.vp = Algeb(tex_name='V_p',
info='Sensed lower-capped voltage',
v_str='v * VLower_zi + 0.01 * VLower_zl',
e_str='v * VLower_zi + 0.01 * VLower_zl - vp',
)
self.pfaref = Algeb(tex_name=r'\Phi_{ref}',
info='power factor angle ref',
unit='rad',
v_str='pfaref0',
e_str='pfaref0 - pfaref',
)
self.S1 = Lag(u='Pe', T=self.Tp, K=1, tex_name='S_1', info='Pe filter',
)
# ignore `Qcpf` if `pfaref` is pi/2 by multiplying (1-zp0)
self.Qcpf = Algeb(tex_name='Q_{cpf}',
info='Q calculated from P and power factor',
v_str='q0',
e_str='(1-zp0) * (S1_y * tan(pfaref) - Qcpf)',
diag_eps=True,
unit='p.u.',
)
self.Qref = Algeb(tex_name='Q_{ref}',
info='external Q ref',
v_str='q0',
e_str='q0 - Qref',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.PFsel = Algeb(v_str='SWPF_s0*Qref + SWPF_s1*Qcpf',
e_str='SWPF_s0*Qref + SWPF_s1*Qcpf - PFsel',
info='Output of PFFLAG selector',
)
self.PFlim = Limiter(u=self.PFsel, lower=self.QMin, upper=self.QMax)
self.Qerr = Algeb(tex_name='Q_{err}',
info='Reactive power error',
v_str='(PFsel*PFlim_zi + QMin*PFlim_zl + QMax*PFlim_zu) - Qe',
e_str='(PFsel*PFlim_zi + QMin*PFlim_zl + QMax*PFlim_zu) - Qe - Qerr',
)
self.PIQ = PITrackAWFreeze(u=self.Qerr,
kp=self.Kqp, ki=self.Kqi, ks=self.config.kqs,
lower=self.VMIN, upper=self.VMAX,
freeze=self.Volt_dip,
)
# If `VFLAG=0`, set the input as `Vref1` (see the NREL report)
self.Vsel = GainLimiter(u='SWV_s0 * Vref1 + SWV_s1 * PIQ_y',
K=1, R=1,
lower=self.VMIN, upper=self.VMAX,
info='Selection output of VFLAG',
)
# --- Placeholders for `Iqmin` and `Iqmax` ---
self.s4 = LagFreeze(u='PFsel / vp', T=self.Tiq, K=1,
freeze=self.Volt_dip,
tex_name='s_4',
info='Filter for calculated voltage with freeze',
)
# --- Upper portion - Iqinj calculation ---
self.Verr = Algeb(info='Voltage error (Vref0)',
v_str='Vref0 - s0_y',
e_str='Vref0 - s0_y - Verr',
tex_name='V_{err}',
)
self.dbV = DeadBand1(u=self.Verr, lower=self.dbd1, upper=self.dbd2,
center=0.0,
enable='DB_{V}',
info='Deadband for voltage error (ref0)'
)
self.pThld = ConstService(v_str='Indicator(Thld > 0)', tex_name='p_{Thld}')
self.nThld = ConstService(v_str='Indicator(Thld < 0)', tex_name='n_{Thld}')
self.Thld_abs = ConstService(v_str='abs(Thld)', tex_name='|Thld|')
self.fThld = ExtendedEvent(self.Volt_dip,
t_ext=self.Thld_abs,
)
# Gain after dbB
Iqv = "(dbV_y * Kqv)"
Iqinj = f'{Iqv} * Volt_dip + ' \
f'(1 - Volt_dip) * fThld * ({Iqv} * nThld + Iqfrz * pThld)'
# state transition, output of Iqinj
self.Iqinj = Algeb(v_str=Iqinj,
e_str=Iqinj + ' - Iqinj',
tex_name='I_{qinj}',
info='Additional Iq signal during under- or over-voltage',
)
# --- Lower portion - active power ---
self.wg = Algeb(tex_name=r'\omega_g',
info='Drive train generator speed',
v_str='1.0',
e_str='1.0 - wg',
)
self.Pref = Algeb(tex_name='P_{ref}',
info='external P ref',
v_str='p0 / wg',
e_str='p0 / wg - Pref',
unit='p.u.',
)
self.pfilt = LagRate(u=self.Pref, T=self.config.tpfilt, K=1,
rate_lower=self.dPmin, rate_upper=self.dPmax,
info='Active power filter with rate limits',
tex_name='P_{filt}',
)
self.Psel = Algeb(tex_name='P_{sel}',
info='Output selection of PFLAG',
v_str='SWP_s1*wg*pfilt_y + SWP_s0*pfilt_y',
e_str='SWP_s1*wg*pfilt_y + SWP_s0*pfilt_y - Psel',
)
# `s5_y` is `Pord`
self.s5 = LagAWFreeze(u=self.Psel, T=self.Tpord, K=1,
lower=self.PMIN, upper=self.PMAX,
freeze=self.Volt_dip,
tex_name='s5',
)
self.Pord = AliasState(self.s5_y)
# --- Current limit logic ---
self.kVq12 = ConstService(v_str='(Iq2 - Iq1) / (Vq2 - Vq1)',
tex_name='k_{Vq12}',
)
self.kVq23 = ConstService(v_str='(Iq3 - Iq2) / (Vq3 - Vq2)',
tex_name='k_{Vq23}',
)
self.kVq34 = ConstService(v_str='(Iq4 - Iq3) / (Vq4 - Vq3)',
tex_name='k_{Vq34}',
)
self.zVDL1 = ConstService(v_str='(Vq1 <= Vq2) & (Vq2 <= Vq3) & (Vq3 <= Vq4) & '
'(Iq1 <= Iq2) & (Iq2 <= Iq3) & (Iq3 <= Iq4)',
tex_name='z_{VDL1}',
info='True if VDL1 is in service',
)
self.VDL1 = Piecewise(u=self.s0_y,
points=('Vq1', 'Vq2', 'Vq3', 'Vq4'),
funs=('Iq1',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vq1) * kVq12 + Iq1',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vq2) * kVq23 + Iq2',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vq3) * kVq34 + Iq3',
'Iq4'),
tex_name='V_{DL1}',
info='Piecewise linear characteristics of Vq-Iq',
)
self.kVp12 = ConstService(v_str='(Ip2 - Ip1) / (Vp2 - Vp1)',
tex_name='k_{Vp12}',
)
self.kVp23 = ConstService(v_str='(Ip3 - Ip2) / (Vp3 - Vp2)',
tex_name='k_{Vp23}',
)
self.kVp34 = ConstService(v_str='(Ip4 - Ip3) / (Vp4 - Vp3)',
tex_name='k_{Vp34}',
)
self.zVDL2 = ConstService(v_str='(Vp1 <= Vp2) & (Vp2 <= Vp3) & (Vp3 <= Vp4) & '
'(Ip1 <= Ip2) & (Ip2 <= Ip3) & (Ip3 <= Ip4)',
tex_name='z_{VDL2}',
info='True if VDL2 is in service',
)
self.VDL2 = Piecewise(u=self.s0_y,
points=('Vp1', 'Vp2', 'Vp3', 'Vp4'),
funs=('Ip1',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vp1) * kVp12 + Ip1',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vp2) * kVp23 + Ip2',
f'({self.s0_y.name} - Vp3) * kVp34 + Ip3',
'Ip4'),
tex_name='V_{DL2}',
info='Piecewise linear characteristics of Vp-Ip',
)
self.fThld2 = ExtendedEvent(self.Volt_dip,
t_ext=self.Thld2,
extend_only=True,
)
self.VDL1c = VarService(v_str='Lt(VDL1_y, Imaxr)')
self.VDL2c = VarService(v_str='Lt(VDL2_y, Imaxr)')
# `Iqmax` not considering mode or `Thld2`
Iqmax1 = '(zVDL1*(VDL1c*VDL1_y + (1-VDL1c)*Imaxr) + 1e8*(1-zVDL1))'
# `Ipmax` not considering mode or `Thld2`
Ipmax1 = '(zVDL2*(VDL2c*VDL2_y + (1-VDL2c)*Imaxr) + 1e8*(1-zVDL2))'
Ipmax2sq0 = '(Imax**2 - Iqcmd0**2)'
Ipmax2sq = '(Imax**2 - IqHL_y**2)'
# `Ipmax20`-squared (non-negative)
self.Ipmax2sq0 = ConstService(v_str=f'Piecewise((0, Le({Ipmax2sq0}, 0.0)), ({Ipmax2sq0}, True), \
evaluate=False)',
tex_name='I_{pmax20,nn}^2',
)
self.Ipmax2sq = VarService(v_str=f'Piecewise((0, Le({Ipmax2sq}, 0.0)), ({Ipmax2sq}, True), \
evaluate=False)',
tex_name='I_{pmax2}^2',
)
Ipmax = f'((1-fThld2) * (SWPQ_s0*sqrt(Ipmax2sq) + SWPQ_s1*{Ipmax1}))'
Ipmax0 = f'((1-fThld2) * (SWPQ_s0*sqrt(Ipmax2sq0) + SWPQ_s1*{Ipmax1}))'
self.Ipmax = Algeb(v_str=f'{Ipmax0}',
e_str=f'{Ipmax} + (fThld2 * Ipmaxh) - Ipmax',
tex_name='I_{pmax}',
diag_eps=True,
info='Upper limit on Ipcmd',
)
self.Ipmaxh = VarHold(self.Ipmax, hold=self.fThld2)
Iqmax2sq = '(Imax**2 - IpHL_y**2)'
Iqmax2sq0 = '(Imax**2 - Ipcmd0**2)' # initialization equation by using `Ipcmd0`
self.Iqmax2sq0 = ConstService(v_str=f'Piecewise((0, Le({Iqmax2sq0}, 0.0)), ({Iqmax2sq0}, True), \
evaluate=False)',
tex_name='I_{qmax,nn}^2',
)
self.Iqmax2sq = VarService(v_str=f'Piecewise((0, Le({Iqmax2sq}, 0.0)), ({Iqmax2sq}, True), \
evaluate=False)',
tex_name='I_{qmax2}^2')
self.Iqmax = Algeb(v_str=f'(SWPQ_s0*{Iqmax1} + SWPQ_s1*sqrt(Iqmax2sq0))',
e_str=f'(SWPQ_s0*{Iqmax1} + SWPQ_s1*sqrt(Iqmax2sq)) - Iqmax',
tex_name='I_{qmax}',
info='Upper limit on Iqcmd',
)
self.Iqmin = ApplyFunc(self.Iqmax, lambda x: -x, cache=False,
tex_name='I_{qmin}',
info='Lower limit on Iqcmd',
)
self.Ipmin = ConstService(v_str='0.0', tex_name='I_{pmin}',
info='Lower limit on Ipcmd',
)
self.PIV = PITrackAWFreeze(u='Vsel_y - s0_y * SWV_s0',
x0='-SWQ_s1 * Iqcmd0',
kp=self.Kvp, ki=self.Kvi, ks=self.config.kvs,
lower=self.Iqmin, upper=self.Iqmax,
freeze=self.Volt_dip,
)
self.Qsel = Algeb(info='Selection output of QFLAG',
v_str='SWQ_s1 * PIV_y + SWQ_s0 * s4_y',
e_str='SWQ_s1 * PIV_y + SWQ_s0 * s4_y - Qsel',
tex_name='Q_{sel}',
)
# `IpHL_y` is `Ipcmd`
self.IpHL = GainLimiter(u='s5_y / vp',
K=1, R=1,
lower=self.Ipmin, upper=self.Ipmax,
)
# `IqHL_y` is `Iqcmd`
self.IqHL = GainLimiter(u='Qsel + Iqinj',
K=1, R=1,
lower=self.Iqmin, upper=self.Iqmax)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.group = 'DynLoad'
self.flags.tds = True
self.kps = ConstService(
v_str='kpp + kpi + kpz',
tex_name='K_{psum}',
)
self.kqs = ConstService(
v_str='kqp + kqi + kqz',
tex_name='K_{qsum}',
)
self.kpc = InitChecker(
u=self.kps,
equal=100.0,
tex_name='K_{pc}',
info='total `kp` and 100',
)
self.kqc = InitChecker(
u=self.kqs,
equal=100.0,
tex_name='K_{qc}',
info='total `kq` and 100',
)
# convert percentages to decimals
self.rpp = ConstService(
v_str='u * kpp / 100',
tex_name='r_{pp}',
)
self.rpi = ConstService(
v_str='u * kpi / 100',
tex_name='r_{pi}',
)
self.rpz = ConstService(
v_str='u * kpz / 100',
tex_name='r_{pz}',
)
self.rqp = ConstService(
v_str='u * kqp / 100',
tex_name='r_{qp}',
)
self.rqi = ConstService(
v_str='u * kqi / 100',
tex_name='r_{qi}',
)
self.rqz = ConstService(
v_str='u * kqz / 100',
tex_name='r_{qz}',
)
self.bus = ExtParam(
model='PQ',
src='bus',
indexer=self.pq,
info='retrieved bux idx',
export=False,
)
self.p0 = ExtService(
model='PQ',
src='Ppf',
indexer=self.pq,
tex_name='P_0',
)
self.q0 = ExtService(
model='PQ',
src='Qpf',
indexer=self.pq,
tex_name='Q_0',
)
self.v0 = ExtService(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name='V_0',
)
# calculate initial powers, equivalent current, and equivalent z
self.pp0 = ConstService(
v_str='p0 * rpp',
tex_name='P_{p0}',
)
self.pi0 = ConstService(
v_str='p0 * rpi / v0',
tex_name='P_{i0}',
)
self.pz0 = ConstService(
v_str='p0 * rpz / v0 / v0',
tex_name='P_{z0}',
)
self.qp0 = ConstService(
v_str='q0 * rqp',
tex_name='Q_{p0}',
)
self.qi0 = ConstService(
v_str='q0 * rqi / v0',
tex_name='Q_{i0}',
)
self.qz0 = ConstService(
v_str='q0 * rqz / v0 / v0',
tex_name='Q_{z0}',
)
self.a = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
e_str='pp0 + pi0*v + pz0*v*v',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name='V',
e_str='qp0 + qi0*v + qz0*v*v',
ename='Q',
tex_ename='Q',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
super().__init__(system, config)
self.group = 'SynGen'
self.flags.update({
'tds': True,
'nr_iter': False,
})
self.config.add(
vf_lower=1.0,
vf_upper=5.0,
)
self.config.add_extra(
"_help",
vf_lower="lower limit for vf warning",
vf_upper="upper limit for vf warning",
)
# state variables
self.delta = State(info='rotor angle',
unit='rad',
v_str='delta0',
tex_name=r'\delta',
e_str='u * (2 * pi * fn) * (omega - 1)')
self.omega = State(
info='rotor speed',
unit='pu (Hz)',
v_str='u',
tex_name=r'\omega',
e_str='u * (tm - te - D * (omega - 1))',
t_const=self.M,
)
# network algebraic variables
self.a = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
info='Bus voltage phase angle',
e_str='-u * (vd * Id + vq * Iq)',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
is_input=True,
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'V',
info='Bus voltage magnitude',
e_str='-u * (vq * Id - vd * Iq)',
ename='Q',
tex_ename='Q',
is_input=True,
)
# algebraic variables
# Need to be provided by specific generator models
self.Id = Algeb(info='d-axis current',
v_str='u * Id0',
tex_name=r'I_d',
e_str='') # to be completed by subclasses
self.Iq = Algeb(info='q-axis current',
v_str='u * Iq0',
tex_name=r'I_q',
e_str='') # to be completed
self.vd = Algeb(
info='d-axis voltage',
v_str='u * vd0',
e_str='u * v * sin(delta - a) - vd',
tex_name=r'V_d',
)
self.vq = Algeb(
info='q-axis voltage',
v_str='u * vq0',
e_str='u * v * cos(delta - a) - vq',
tex_name=r'V_q',
)
self.tm = Algeb(info='mechanical torque',
tex_name=r'\tau_m',
v_str='tm0',
e_str='tm0 - tm')
self.te = Algeb(
info='electric torque',
tex_name=r'\tau_e',
v_str='u * tm0',
e_str='u * (psid * Iq - psiq * Id) - te',
)
self.vf = Algeb(info='excitation voltage',
unit='pu',
v_str='u * vf0',
e_str='u * vf0 - vf',
tex_name=r'v_f')
self._vfc = InitChecker(
u=self.vf,
info='(vf range)',
lower=self.config.vf_lower,
upper=self.config.vf_upper,
)
self.XadIfd = Algeb(tex_name='X_{ad}I_{fd}',
info='d-axis armature excitation current',
unit='p.u (kV)',
v_str='u * vf0',
e_str='u * vf0 - XadIfd'
) # e_str to be provided. Not available in GENCLS
self.subidx = ExtParam(
model='StaticGen',
src='subidx',
indexer=self.gen,
export=False,
info='Generator idx in plant; only used by PSS/E data',
vtype=str,
)
# declaring `Vn_bus` as ExtParam will fail for PSS/E parser
self.Vn_bus = ExtService(
model='Bus',
src='Vn',
indexer=self.bus,
)
self._vnc = InitChecker(
u=self.Vn,
info='Vn and Bus Vn',
equal=self.Vn_bus,
)
# ----------service consts for initialization----------
self.p0s = ExtService(
model='StaticGen',
src='p',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='P_{0s}',
info='initial P of the static gen',
)
self.q0s = ExtService(
model='StaticGen',
src='q',
indexer=self.gen,
tex_name='Q_{0s}',
info='initial Q of the static gen',
)
self.p0 = ConstService(
v_str='p0s * gammap',
tex_name='P_0',
info='initial P of this gen',
)
self.q0 = ConstService(
v_str='q0s * gammaq',
tex_name='Q_0',
info='initial Q of this gen',
)
self.Pe = Algeb(tex_name='P_e',
info='active power injection',
e_str='u * (vd * Id + vq * Iq) - Pe',
v_str='u * (vd0 * Id0 + vq0 * Iq0)')
self.Qe = Algeb(tex_name='Q_e',
info='reactive power injection',
e_str='u * (vq * Id - vd * Iq) - Qe',
v_str='u * (vq0 * Id0 - vd0 * Iq0)')
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(
model='RenExciter',
src='reg',
indexer=self.ree,
vtype=str,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(
model='RenGen',
src='Sn',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n',
export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='wg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s2_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(
model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.Ht2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * (Htfrac * H)', tex_name='2H_t')
self.Hg2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * H * (1 - Htfrac)', tex_name='2H_g')
# (2*pi*Freq1)**2 is considered in p.u., which is Freq1**2 here
self.Kshaft = ConstService(v_str='Ht2 * Hg2 * 0.5 * Freq1 * Freq1 / H',
tex_name='K_{shaft}')
self.wr0 = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
self.Pm = Algeb(
tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
# `s1_y` is `wt`
self.s1 = Integrator(
u='(Pm / s1_y) - s3_y - pd',
T=self.Ht2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
# `s2_y` is `wg`
self.s2 = Integrator(
u='-(Pe / s2_y) + s3_y - DAMP * (s2_y - w0) + pd',
T=self.Hg2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wg = AliasState(self.s2_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
# `s3_y` gets reinitialized in `WTTQA1`
self.s3 = Integrator(
u='s1_y - s2_y',
T=1.0,
K=self.Kshaft,
y0='Pe0 / wr0',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
tex_name='P_d',
info='Output after damping',
e_str='Dshaft * (s1_y - s2_y) - pd',
v_str='0',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenTorque'
self.kp1 = ConstService(v_str='(sp2 - sp1) / (p2 - p1)',
tex_name='k_{p1}',
)
self.kp2 = ConstService(v_str='(sp3 - sp2) / (p3 - p2)',
tex_name='k_{p2}',
)
self.kp3 = ConstService(v_str='(sp4 - sp3) / (p4 - p3)',
tex_name='k_{p3}',
)
self.rea = ExtParam(model='RenPitch', src='rea', indexer=self.rep, export=False,
)
self.rego = ExtParam(model='RenAerodynamics', src='rego', indexer=self.rea,
export=False,
)
self.ree = ExtParam(model='RenGovernor', src='ree', indexer=self.rego,
export=False,
)
self.reg = ExtParam(model='RenExciter', src='reg', indexer=self.ree,
export=False,)
self.Sngo = ExtParam(model='RenGovernor', src='Sn', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name='S_{n,go}', export=False,
)
self.Sn = NumSelect(self.Tn,
fallback=self.Sngo,
tex_name='S_n',
info='Turbine or RenGovernor rating',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen', src='Pe', indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_e', export=False,
)
self.s1 = Lag(u=self.Pe, T=self.Tp, K=1.0, tex_name='s_1',
info='Pe filter',
)
self.fPe = Piecewise(u=self.s1_y,
points=('p1', 'p2', 'p3', 'p4'),
funs=('sp1',
f'sp1 + ({self.s1_y.name} - p1) * kp1',
f'sp2 + ({self.s1_y.name} - p2) * kp2',
f'sp3 + ({self.s1_y.name} - p3) * kp3',
'sp4'),
tex_name='f_{Pe}',
info='Piecewise Pe to wref mapping',
)
# Overwrite `wg` and `wt` initial values in turbine governors
self.wg = ExtState(model='RenGovernor', src='wg', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name=r'\omega_g', export=False,
v_str='fPe_y',
v_setter=True,
)
self.wt = ExtState(model='RenGovernor', src='wt', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name=r'\omega_t', export=False,
v_str='fPe_y',
v_setter=True,
)
self.s3_y = ExtState(model='RenGovernor', src='s3_y', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name='y_{s3}', export=False,
v_str='Pref0 / wg / Kshaft',
v_setter=True,
)
self.w0 = ExtParam(model='RenGovernor', src='w0', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name=r'\omega_0', export=False,
)
self.Kshaft = ExtService(model='RenGovernor', src='Kshaft', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name='K_{shaft}',
)
self.wr0 = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGovernor', src='wr0', indexer=self.rego,
tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}', export=False,
info='Retrieved initial w0 from RenGovernor',
v_str='fPe_y',
e_str='-w0 + fPe_y',
v_setter=True,
ename='dwr',
tex_ename=r'\Delta \omega_r',
)
self.s2 = Lag(u=self.fPe_y, T=self.Twref, K=1.0,
tex_name='s_2', info='speed filter',
)
self.SWT = Switcher(u=self.Tflag, options=(0, 1),
tex_name='SW_{T}',
cache=True,
)
self.Tsel = Algeb(tex_name='T_{sel}',
info='Output after Tflag selector',
discrete=self.SWT
)
self.Tsel.v_str = 'SWT_s1 * (Pe - Pref0) / wg +' \
'SWT_s0 * (s2_y - wg)'
self.Tsel.e_str = f'{self.Tsel.v_str} - Tsel'
self.PI = PIAWHardLimit(u=self.Tsel, kp=self.Kpp, ki=self.Kip,
aw_lower=self.Temin, aw_upper=self.Temax,
lower=self.Temin, upper=self.Temax,
tex_name='PI',
info='PI controller',
x0='Pref0 / fPe_y',
)
# Note:
# Reset `wg` of REECA1 to 1.0 becase `wg` has already been multiplied
# in the toeque model.
# This effectively sets `PFLAG` to 0 if the torque model is connected.
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(model='RenExciter', src='wg', indexer=self.ree,
tex_name=r'\omega_{ge}', export=False,
v_str='1.0',
e_str='-fPe_y + 1',
v_setter=True,
ename='dwg',
tex_ename=r'\Delta \omega_g',
)
self.Pref0 = ExtService(model='RenExciter', src='p0', indexer=self.ree,
tex_name='P_{ref0}',
)
self.Pref = ExtAlgeb(model='RenExciter', src='Pref', indexer=self.ree,
tex_name='P_{ref}', export=False,
e_str='-Pref0 / wge + PI_y * wg',
v_str='PI_y * wg',
v_setter=True,
ename='Pref',
tex_ename='P_{ref}',
)
def __init__(self, system, config):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.tds = True
self.group = 'RenGovernor'
self.reg = ExtParam(
model='RenExciter',
src='reg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
)
self.Sn = ExtParam(
model='RenGen',
src='Sn',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='S_n',
export=False,
)
self.wge = ExtAlgeb(
model='RenExciter',
src='wg',
indexer=self.ree,
export=False,
e_str='-1.0 + s2_y',
ename='wg',
tex_ename=r'\omega_g',
)
self.Pe = ExtAlgeb(model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
export=False,
info='Retrieved Pe of RenGen')
self.Pe0 = ExtService(
model='RenGen',
src='Pe',
indexer=self.reg,
tex_name='P_{e0}',
)
self.Ht2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * Ht', tex_name='2H_t')
self.Hg2 = ConstService(v_str='2 * Hg', tex_name='2H_g')
self.wr0 = Algeb(
tex_name=r'\omega_{r0}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='w0',
e_str='w0 - wr0',
info='speed set point',
)
self.Pm = Algeb(
tex_name='P_m',
info='Mechanical power',
e_str='Pe0 - Pm',
v_str='Pe0',
)
# `s1_y` is `wt`
self.s1 = Integrator(
u='(Pm / s1_y) - (Kshaft * s3_y ) - pd',
T=self.Ht2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wt = AliasState(self.s1_y, tex_name=r'\omega_t')
# `s2_y` is `wg`
self.s2 = Integrator(
u='-(Pe / s2_y) + (Kshaft * s3_y ) + pd',
T=self.Hg2,
K=1.0,
y0='wr0',
)
self.wg = AliasState(self.s2_y, tex_name=r'\omega_g')
# TODO: `s3_y` needs to be properly reinitialized with the new `wr0`
self.s3 = Integrator(
u='s1_y - s2_y',
T=1.0,
K=1.0,
y0='Pe0 / wr0 / Kshaft',
)
self.pd = Algeb(
tex_name='P_d',
info='Output after damping',
v_str='0.0',
e_str='Dshaft * (s1_y - s2_y) - pd',
)
def __init__(self, system=None, config=None):
super().__init__(system, config)
self.group = 'StaticGen'
self.flags.pflow = True
self.flags.tds = True
self.flags.tds_init = False
self.config.add(
OrderedDict((
('pv2pq', 0),
('npv2pq', 0),
('min_iter', 2),
('err_tol', 0.01),
('abs_violation', 1),
)))
self.config.add_extra(
"_help",
pv2pq="convert PV to PQ in PFlow at Q limits",
npv2pq="max. # of conversion each iteration, 0 - auto",
min_iter="iteration number starting from which to enable switching",
err_tol="iteration error below which to enable switching",
abs_violation='use absolute (1) or relative (0) limit violation',
)
self.config.add_extra(
"_alt",
pv2pq=(0, 1),
npv2pq=">=0",
min_iter='int',
err_tol='float',
abs_violation=(0, 1),
)
self.config.add_extra("_tex",
pv2pq="z_{pv2pq}",
npv2pq="n_{pv2pq}",
min_iter="sw_{iter}",
err_tol=r"\epsilon_{tol}")
self.SynGen = BackRef()
self.busv0 = ExtParam(
model='Bus',
src='v0',
indexer=self.bus,
export=False,
tex_name='V_{0bus}',
)
self.a = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='a',
indexer=self.bus,
tex_name=r'\theta',
ename='P',
tex_ename='P',
is_input=True,
)
self.v = ExtAlgeb(
model='Bus',
src='v',
indexer=self.bus,
v_setter=True,
tex_name=r'V',
ename='dV',
tex_ename=r'\Delta V',
is_input=True,
)
self.p = ConstService(
v_str='p0',
info='copy of p0 used for power flow',
tex_name='p',
)
self.q = Algeb(
info='actual reactive power generation',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name='q',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.qlim = SortedLimiter(
u=self.q,
lower=self.qmin,
upper=self.qmax,
enable=self.config.pv2pq,
n_select=self.config.npv2pq,
min_iter=self.config.min_iter,
err_tol=self.config.err_tol,
abs_violation=self.config.abs_violation,
)
# variable initialization equations
self.v.v_str = 'u * v0 + (1-u) * busv0'
self.q.v_str = 'u * q0'
# injections into buses have negative values
self.a.e_str = "-u * p"
self.v.e_str = "-u * q"
# power injection equations g(y) = 0
self.q.e_str = "u*(qlim_zi * (v0-v) + " \
"qlim_zl * (qmin-q) + " \
"qlim_zu * (qmax-q))"
def __init__(self, system, config):
TGBase.__init__(self, system, config, add_sn=False)
# check if K1-K8 sums up to 1
self._sumK18 = ConstService(v_str='K1+K2+K3+K4+K5+K6+K7+K8',
info='summation of K1-K8',
tex_name=r"\sum_{i=1}^8 K_i")
self._K18c1 = InitChecker(
u=self._sumK18,
info='summation of K1-K8 and 1.0',
equal=1,
)
# check if `tm0 * (K2 + k4 + K6 + K8) = tm02 *(K1 + K3 + K5 + K7)
self._tm0K2 = PostInitService(
info='mul of tm0 and (K2+K4+K6+K8)',
v_str='zsyn2*tm0*(K2+K4+K6+K8)',
)
self._tm02K1 = PostInitService(
info='mul of tm02 and (K1+K3+K5+K6)',
v_str='tm02*(K1+K3+K5+K7)',
)
self._Pc = InitChecker(
u=self._tm0K2,
info='proportionality of tm0 and tm02',
equal=self._tm02K1,
)
self.Sg2 = ExtParam(
src='Sn',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
allow_none=True,
default=0.0,
tex_name='S_{n2}',
info='Rated power of Syn2',
unit='MVA',
export=False,
)
self.Sg12 = ParamCalc(
self.Sg,
self.Sg2,
func=np.add,
tex_name="S_{g12}",
info='Sum of generator power ratings',
)
self.Sn = NumSelect(
self.Tn,
fallback=self.Sg12,
tex_name='S_n',
info='Turbine or Gen rating',
)
self.zsyn2 = FlagValue(
self.syn2,
value=None,
tex_name='z_{syn2}',
info='Exist flags for syn2',
)
self.tm02 = ExtService(
src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m02}',
info='Initial mechanical input of syn2',
allow_none=True,
default=0.0,
)
self.tm012 = ConstService(
info='total turbine power',
v_str='tm0 + tm02',
)
self.tm2 = ExtAlgeb(
src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn2,
allow_none=True,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m2}',
e_str='zsyn2 * u * (PLP - tm02)',
info='Mechanical power to syn2',
)
self.wd = Algeb(
info='Generator under speed',
unit='p.u.',
tex_name=r'\omega_{dev}',
v_str='0',
e_str='(wref - omega) - wd',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.wd,
T1=self.T2,
T2=self.T1,
K=self.K,
info='Signal conditioning for wd',
)
# `P0` == `tm0`
self.vs = Algeb(
info='Valve speed',
tex_name='V_s',
v_str='0',
e_str='(LL_y + tm012 + paux - IAW_y) / T3 - vs',
)
self.HL = HardLimiter(
u=self.vs,
lower=self.UC,
upper=self.UO,
info='Limiter on valve acceleration',
)
self.vsl = Algeb(
info='Valve move speed after limiter',
tex_name='V_{sl}',
v_str='vs * HL_zi + UC * HL_zl + UO * HL_zu',
e_str='vs * HL_zi + UC * HL_zl + UO * HL_zu - vsl',
)
self.IAW = IntegratorAntiWindup(
u=self.vsl,
T=1,
K=1,
y0=self.tm012,
lower=self.PMIN,
upper=self.PMAX,
info='Valve position integrator',
)
self.L4 = Lag(
u=self.IAW_y,
T=self.T4,
K=1,
info='first process',
)
self.L5 = Lag(
u=self.L4_y,
T=self.T5,
K=1,
info='second (reheat) process',
)
self.L6 = Lag(
u=self.L5_y,
T=self.T6,
K=1,
info='third process',
)
self.L7 = Lag(
u=self.L6_y,
T=self.T7,
K=1,
info='fourth (second reheat) process',
)
self.PHP = Algeb(
info='HP output',
tex_name='P_{HP}',
v_str='K1*L4_y + K3*L5_y + K5*L6_y + K7*L7_y',
e_str='K1*L4_y + K3*L5_y + K5*L6_y + K7*L7_y - PHP',
)
self.PLP = Algeb(
info='LP output',
tex_name='P_{LP}',
v_str='K2*L4_y + K4*L5_y + K6*L6_y + K8*L7_y',
e_str='K2*L4_y + K4*L5_y + K6*L6_y + K8*L7_y - PLP',
)
self.pout.e_str = 'PHP - pout'
def __init__(self, system, config, add_sn=True, add_tm0=True):
Model.__init__(self, system, config)
self.group = 'TurbineGov'
self.flags.update({'tds': True})
self.Sg = ExtParam(
src='Sn',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name='S_n',
info='Rated power from generator',
unit='MVA',
export=False,
)
if add_sn is True:
self.Sn = NumSelect(
self.Tn,
fallback=self.Sg,
tex_name='S_n',
info='Turbine or Gen rating',
)
self.Vn = ExtParam(
src='Vn',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name='V_n',
info='Rated voltage from generator',
unit='kV',
export=False,
)
# Note: changing the values of `tm0` is not allowed at any time!!
if add_tm0 is True:
self.tm0 = ExtService(src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\tau_{m0}',
info='Initial mechanical input')
self.pref0 = ConstService(
v_str='tm0',
info='initial pref',
tex_name='P_{ref0}',
)
self.omega = ExtState(src='omega',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\omega',
info='Generator speed',
unit='p.u.')
# Note: changing `paux0` is allowed.
# It is a way how one can input from external programs such as reinforcement learning.
self.paux0 = ConstService(v_str='0',
tex_name='P_{aux0}',
info='const. auxiliary input')
self.tm = ExtAlgeb(
src='tm',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'\tau_m',
e_str='u * (pout - tm0)',
info='Mechanical power interface to SynGen',
)
# `paux` must be zero upon initialization
self.paux = Algeb(
info='Auxiliary power input',
tex_name='P_{aux}',
v_str='paux0',
e_str='paux0 - paux',
)
self.pout = Algeb(
info='Turbine final output power',
tex_name='P_{out}',
v_str='u*tm0',
)
self.wref = Algeb(
info='Speed reference variable',
tex_name=r'\omega_{ref}',
v_str='wref0',
e_str='wref0 - wref',
)