def __init__(self, galaxies, cosmology):
"""An abstract plane which represents a set of galaxies at a given redshift.
From a plane, the surface-density, potential and deflection angles of the galaxies can be computed, as well as \
cosmological quantities like angular diameter distances..
Parameters
-----------
galaxies : [Galaxy]
The list of lens galaxies in this plane.
cosmology : astropy.cosmology
The cosmology associated with the plane, used to convert arc-second coordinates to physical values.
"""
self.galaxies = galaxies
if not galaxies:
raise exc.RayTracingException('An empty list of galaxies was supplied to Plane')
if any([redshift is not None for redshift in self.galaxy_redshifts]):
if not all([galaxies[0].redshift == galaxy.redshift for galaxy in galaxies]):
raise exc.RayTracingException('The galaxies supplied to A Plane have different redshifts or one galaxy '
'does not have a redshift.')
self.cosmology = cosmology
def __init__(self, redshift, galaxies, cosmology):
"""A plane of galaxies where all galaxies are at the same redshift.
Parameters
-----------
redshift : float or None
The redshift of the plane.
galaxies : [Galaxy]
The list of galaxies in this plane.
cosmology : astropy.cosmology
The cosmology associated with the plane, used to convert arc-second coordinates to physical values.
"""
if redshift is None:
if not galaxies:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
"A redshift and no galaxies were input to a Plane. A redshift for the Plane therefore cannot be"
"determined")
elif not all([
galaxies[0].redshift == galaxy.redshift
for galaxy in galaxies
]):
raise exc.RayTracingException(
"A redshift and two or more galaxies with different redshifts were input to a Plane. A unique "
"Redshift for the Plane therefore cannot be determined")
else:
redshift = galaxies[0].redshift
self.redshift = redshift
self.galaxies = galaxies
self.cosmology = cosmology
def image_plane_images_for_simulation(self):
if not self.has_padded_grid_stack:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'To retrieve an image plane image for the simulation, the grid_stack in the tracer_normal'
'must be padded grid_stack')
return list(map(lambda image_plane_image_1d, grid_stack :
grid_stack.regular.map_to_2d_keep_padded(padded_array_1d=image_plane_image_1d),
self.image_plane_images_1d, self.grid_stacks))
def ordered_plane_redshifts_from_lens_source_plane_redshifts_and_slice_sizes(
lens_redshifts, planes_between_lenses, source_plane_redshift):
"""Given a set of lens plane redshifts, the source-plane redshift and the number of planes between each, setup the \
plane redshifts using these values. A lens redshift corresponds to the 'main' lens galaxy(s),
whereas the slices collect line-of-sight halos over a range of redshifts.
The source-plane redshift is removed from the ordered plane redshifts that are returned, so that galaxies are not \
planed at the source-plane redshift.
For example, if the main plane redshifts are [1.0, 2.0], and the bin sizes are [1,3], the following redshift \
slices for planes will be used:
z=0.5
z=1.0
z=1.25
z=1.5
z=1.75
z=2.0
Parameters
-----------
lens_redshifts : [float]
The redshifts of the main-planes (e.g. the lens galaxy), which determine where redshift intervals are placed.
planes_between_lenses : [int]
The number of slices between each main plane. The first entry in this list determines the number of slices \
between Earth (redshift 0.0) and main plane 0, the next between main planes 0 and 1, etc.
source_plane_redshift : float
The redshift of the source-plane, which is input explicitly to ensure galaxies are not placed in the \
source-plane.
"""
# Check that the number of slices between lens planes is equal to the number of intervals between the lens planes.
if len(lens_redshifts) != len(planes_between_lenses) - 1:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
"The number of lens_plane_redshifts input is not equal to the number of "
"slices_between_lens_planes+1.")
plane_redshifts = []
# Add redshift 0.0 and the source plane redshifit to the lens plane redshifts, so that calculation below can use
# them when dividing slices. These will be removed by the return function at the end from the plane redshifts.
lens_redshifts.insert(0, 0.0)
lens_redshifts.append(source_plane_redshift)
for lens_plane_index in range(1, len(lens_redshifts)):
previous_plane_redshift = lens_redshifts[lens_plane_index - 1]
plane_redshift = lens_redshifts[lens_plane_index]
slice_total = planes_between_lenses[lens_plane_index - 1]
plane_redshifts += list(
np.linspace(previous_plane_redshift, plane_redshift,
slice_total + 2))[1:]
return plane_redshifts[0:-1]
def compute_deflections_at_next_plane(plane_index, total_planes):
"""This function determines whether the tracer should compute the deflections at the next plane.
This is True if there is another plane after this plane, else it is False..
Parameters
-----------
plane_index : int
The index of the plane we are deciding if we should compute its deflections.
total_planes : int
The total number of planes."""
if plane_index < total_planes - 1:
return True
elif plane_index == total_planes - 1:
return False
else:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'A galaxy was not correctly allocated its previous / next redshifts'
)
def __init__(self,
lens_galaxies,
image_plane_grid_stacks,
borders=None,
cosmology=cosmo.Planck15):
"""Ray tracer for a lens system with just an image-plane.
As there is only 1 plane, there are no ray-tracing calculations. This class is therefore only used for fitting \
image-plane galaxies with light profiles.
This tracer has a list of grid-stacks (see grid_stack.GridStack) which are all used for ray-tracing.
Parameters
----------
lens_galaxies : [Galaxy]
The list of lens galaxies in the image-plane.
image_plane_grid_stacks : [grid_stacks.GridStack]
The image-plane grid stacks which are traced. (each stack includes the regular-grid, sub-grid, \
blurring-grid, etc.).
borders : [masks.RegularGridBorder]
The border of each grid-stacks's regular-grid, which is used to relocate demagnified traced pixels to the \
source-plane border.
cosmology : astropy.cosmology.Planck15
The cosmology of the ray-tracing calculation.
"""
if not lens_galaxies:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'No lens galaxies have been input into the Tracer')
image_plane = plane_stack.PlaneStack(
galaxies=lens_galaxies,
grid_stacks=image_plane_grid_stacks,
borders=borders,
compute_deflections=True,
cosmology=cosmology)
super(TracerImagePlaneStack, self).__init__(planes=[image_plane],
cosmology=cosmology)
def __init__(self,
galaxies,
image_plane_grid_stacks,
borders=None,
cosmology=cosmo.Planck15):
"""Ray-tracer for a lens system with any number of planes.
To perform multi-plane ray-tracing, the cosmology that is input is used to rescale deflection-angles \
according to the lens-geometry of the multi-plane system. All galaxies input to the tracer must therefore \
have redshifts.
This tracer has a list of grid-stacks (see grid_stack.GridStack) which are all used for ray-tracing.
Parameters
----------
galaxies : [Galaxy]
The list of galaxies in the ray-tracing calculation.
image_plane_grid_stacks : [grid_stacks.GridStack]
The image-plane grid stacks which are traced. (each stack includes the regular-grid, sub-grid, \
blurring-grid, etc.).
borders : [masks.RegularGridBorder]
The border of each grid-stacks's regular-grid, which is used to relocate demagnified traced pixels to the \
source-plane border.
cosmology : astropy.cosmology
The cosmology of the ray-tracing calculation.
"""
ordered_redshifts = lens_util.ordered_plane_redshifts_from_galaxies(
galaxies=galaxies)
galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_lists = \
lens_util.galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_planes_from_galaxies(galaxies=galaxies,
plane_redshifts=ordered_redshifts)
image_plane_grid_stacks = list(
map(
lambda grid_stack: pix.
setup_image_plane_pixelization_grid_from_galaxies_and_grid_stack(
galaxies=galaxies, grid_stack=grid_stack),
image_plane_grid_stacks))
planes = []
for plane_index in range(0, len(ordered_redshifts)):
if plane_index < len(ordered_redshifts) - 1:
compute_deflections = True
elif plane_index == len(ordered_redshifts) - 1:
compute_deflections = False
else:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'A galaxy was not correctly allocated its previous / next redshifts'
)
new_grid_stacks = image_plane_grid_stacks
if plane_index > 0:
for previous_plane_index in range(plane_index):
scaling_factor = lens_util.scaling_factor_between_redshifts_for_cosmology(
z1=ordered_redshifts[previous_plane_index],
z2=ordered_redshifts[plane_index],
z_final=ordered_redshifts[-1],
cosmology=cosmology)
def scale(grid):
return np.multiply(scaling_factor, grid)
if planes[
previous_plane_index].deflection_stacks is not None:
scaled_deflections = list(
map(
lambda deflection_stack: deflection_stack.
apply_function(scale),
planes[previous_plane_index].deflection_stacks)
)
else:
scaled_deflections = None
if scaled_deflections is not None:
def minus(grid, deflections):
return grid - deflections
new_grid_stacks = list(
map(
lambda grid, deflections: grid.map_function(
minus, deflections), new_grid_stacks,
scaled_deflections))
planes.append(
plane_stack.PlaneStack(
galaxies=galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_lists[plane_index],
grid_stacks=new_grid_stacks,
borders=borders,
compute_deflections=compute_deflections,
cosmology=cosmology))
super(TracerMultiPlanesStack, self).__init__(planes=planes,
cosmology=cosmology)
def __init__(self,
galaxies,
image_plane_positions,
cosmology=cosmo.Planck15):
"""Positional ray-tracer for a lens system with any number of planes.
To perform multi-plane ray-tracing, a cosmology must be supplied so that deflection-angles can be rescaled \
according to the lens-geometry of the multi-plane system.
Parameters
----------
galaxies : [Galaxy]
The list of galaxies in the ray-tracing calculation.
image_plane_positions : [[[]]]
The (y,x) arc-second coordinates of image-plane pixels which (are expected to) mappers to the same location(s) \
in the final source-plane.
cosmology : astropy.cosmology
The cosmology of the ray-tracing calculation.
"""
ordered_redshifts = lens_util.ordered_plane_redshifts_from_galaxies(
galaxies=galaxies)
galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_lists = \
lens_util.galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_planes_from_galaxies(galaxies=galaxies,
plane_redshifts=ordered_redshifts)
if not galaxies:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'No galaxies have been input into the Tracer (TracerImageSourcePlanes)'
)
planes = []
for plane_index in range(0, len(ordered_redshifts)):
if plane_index < len(ordered_redshifts) - 1:
compute_deflections = True
elif plane_index == len(ordered_redshifts) - 1:
compute_deflections = False
else:
raise exc.RayTracingException(
'A galaxy was not correctly allocated its previous / next redshifts'
)
new_positions = image_plane_positions
if plane_index > 0:
for previous_plane_index in range(plane_index):
scaling_factor = lens_util.scaling_factor_between_redshifts_for_cosmology(
z1=ordered_redshifts[previous_plane_index],
z2=ordered_redshifts[plane_index],
z_final=ordered_redshifts[-1],
cosmology=cosmology)
scaled_deflections = list(
map(
lambda deflections: np.multiply(
scaling_factor, deflections),
planes[previous_plane_index].deflections))
new_positions = list(
map(
lambda positions, deflections: np.subtract(
positions, deflections), new_positions,
scaled_deflections))
planes.append(
pl.PlanePositions(
galaxies=galaxies_in_redshift_ordered_lists[plane_index],
positions=new_positions,
compute_deflections=compute_deflections))
super(TracerMultiPlanesPositions, self).__init__(planes=planes,
cosmology=cosmology)