def test_get_close_db(app):
"""
在一个应用环境中，每次调用 get_db 都应当返回相同的连接。退出环境后， 连接应当已关闭。
:param app:
"""
with app.app_context():
db = get_db()
assert db is get_db()
with pytest.raises(sqlite3.ProgrammingError) as e:
db.execute('SELECT 1')
assert 'closed' in str(e)
def login():
"""
check_password_hash() 以相同的方式哈希提交的 密码并安全的比较哈希值。
session 是一个 dict ，它用于储存横跨请求的值。当验证 成功后，用户的 id 被储存于一个新的会话中。
会话数据被储存到一个 向浏览器发送的 cookie 中，在后继请求中，浏览器会返回它。
Flask 会安全对数据进行 签名 以防数据被篡改
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form['username']
password = request.form['password']
db = get_db()
error = None
user = db.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?',
(username, )).fetchone()
if user is None:
error = 'Incorrect username.'
elif not check_password_hash(user['password'], password):
error = 'Incorrect password.'
if error is None:
session.clear()
session['user_id'] = user[
'id'] #id 已被储存在 session 中，可以被后续的请求使用(如果验证成功)
return redirect(url_for('index'))
flash(error)
return render_template('auth/login.html')
def index():
db = get_db()
posts = db.execute(
'SELECT p.id, title, body, created, author_id, username'
' FROM post p JOIN user u ON p.author_id = u.id'
' ORDER BY created DESC'
).fetchall()
return render_template('blog/index.html',posts=posts)
def load_logged_in_user():
user_id = session.get('user_id')
if user_id is None:
g.user = None
else:
g.user = get_db().execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?',
(user_id, )).fetchone()
def test_delete(client, auth, app):
auth.login()
response = client.post('/1/delete')
assert response.headers['Location'] == 'http://localhost/'
with app.app_context():
db = get_db()
post = db.execute('SELECT * FROM post WHERE id = 1').fetchone()
assert post is None
def test_update(client, auth, app):
auth.login()
assert client.get('/1/update').status_code == 200
client.post('/1/update', data={'title': 'updated', 'body': ''})
with app.app_context():
db = get_db()
post = db.execute('SELECT * FROM post WHERE id = 1').fetchone()
assert post['title'] == 'updated'
def test_create(client, auth, app):
auth.login()
assert client.get('/create').status_code == 200
client.post('/create', data={'title': 'created', 'body': ''})
with app.app_context():
db = get_db()
count = db.execute('SELECT COUNT(id) FROM post').fetchone()[0]
assert count == 2
def test_register(client, app):
assert client.get('/auth/register').status_code == 200
response = client.post('/auth/register',
data={
'username': '******',
'password': '******'
})
assert 'http://localhost/auth/login' == response.headers['Location']
with app.app_context():
assert get_db().execute(
"select * from user where username = '******'", ).fetchone() is not None
def app():
"""
创建并打开一个临时文件，返回该文件对象和路径。 DATABASE 路径被重载，这样它会指向临时路径，而不是实例文件夹。设置好 路径之后，数据库表被创建
，然后插入数据。测试结束后，临时文件会被关闭并 删除
TESTING 告诉 Flask 应用处在测试模式下。 Flask 会改变一些内部行为 以方便测试。其他的扩展也可以使用这个标志方便测试。
"""
db_fd, db_path = tempfile.mkstemp()
app = create_app({
'TESTING': True,
'DATABASE': db_path,
})
with app.app_context():
init_db()
get_db().executescript(_data_sql)
yield app
os.close(db_fd)
os.unlink(db_path)
def test_author_required(app, client, auth):
# change the post author to another user
with app.app_context():
db = get_db()
db.execute('UPDATE post SET author_id = 2 WHERE id = 1')
db.commit()
auth.login()
# current user can't modify other user's post
assert client.post('/1/update').status_code == 403
assert client.post('/1/delete').status_code == 403
# current user doesn't see edit link
assert b'href="/1/update"' not in client.get('/').data
def get_post(id, check_author=True):
post = get_db().execute(
'SELECT p.id, title, body, created, author_id, username'
' FROM post p JOIN user u ON p.author_id = u.id'
' WHERE p.id = ?',
(id,)
).fetchone()
if post is None:
abort(404, "Post id {0} doesn't exist.".format(id))
if check_author and post['author_id'] != g.user['id']:
abort(403)
return post
def create():
if request.method=='POST':
title =request.form['title']
body = request.form['body']
error = None
if not title:
error = 'Title is required.'
if error is not None:
flash(error)
else:
db = get_db()
db.execute(
'INSERT INTO post (title,body,author_id)'
'VALUES (?,?,?)',
(title,body,g.user['id'])
)
db.commit()
return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))
return render_template('blog/create.html')
def register():
"""
Blueprint 是一种组织一组相关视图及其他代码的方式。与把视图及其他 代码直接注册到应用的方式不同，蓝图方式是把它们注册到蓝图，然后在工厂函数中 把蓝图注册到应用
@bp.route 关联了 URL /register 和 register 视图函数,当 Flask 收到一个指向 /auth/register 的请求时就会调用 register 视图并把其返回值作为响应。
db.execute 使用了带有 ? 占位符 的 SQL 查询语句。占位符可以代替后面的元组参数中相应的值。使用占位符的 好处是会自动帮你转义输入值，以抵御 SQL 注入攻击
fetchone() 根据查询返回一个记录行。 如果查询没有结果，则返回 None 。
fetchall() ，它返回包括所有结果的列表。
generate_password_hash() 生成安全的哈希值并储存 到数据库中
url_for() 根据登录视图的名称生成相应的 URL
redirect() 为生成的 URL 生成一个重定向响应
flash() 用于储存在渲染模块时可以调用的信息。
render_template() 会渲染一个包含 HTML 的模板。
:return:
"""
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form['username']
password = request.form['password']
db = get_db()
error = None
if not username:
error = 'Username is required.'
elif not password:
error = 'Password is required.'
elif db.execute('SELECT id FROM user WHERE username = ?',
(username, )).fetchone() is not None:
error = 'User {} is already registered.'.format(username)
if error is None:
db.execute('INSERT INTO user (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)',
(username, generate_password_hash(password)))
db.commit()
return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
flash(error)
return render_template('auth/register.html')
def update(id):
post = get_post(id)
if request.method == 'POST':
title = request.form['title']
body = request.form['body']
error = None
if not title:
error = 'Title is required.'
if error is not None:
flash(error)
else:
db = get_db()
db.execute(
'UPDATE post SET title = ?, body = ?'
' WHERE id = ?',
(title, body, id)
)
db.commit()
return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))
return render_template('blog/update.html', post=post)
def delete(id):
get_post(id)
db = get_db()
db.execute('DELETE FROM post WHERE id = ?', (id,))
db.commit()
return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))