def gen_737_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
rng = np.cumsum(mag(sol('R_{segment}')))
alt = mag(sol('hft'))
#generate an altitude profile plot
tasrng = [
0, 13.68, 31.34, 59.96, 115.05, 115.05, 2875.38, 2875.38, 2906.56,
2937.74, 2968.92, 3000
]
tasalt = [
0, 8750, 17500, 26250, 35000, 35000, 39677.3, 39677.3, 29758., 19838.6,
9919.3, 0
]
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4, fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=22)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=22)
plt.title('737 Altitude Profile', fontsize=22)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=16)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=16)
plt.savefig('737_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def gen_D82_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rng = mag(sol('R_{segment}'))
alt = mag(sol('hft'))
rng = np.cumsum(rng)
tasrng = [
0, 11.51, 27.36, 52.64, 103.28, 103.28, 2825.41, 2825.41, 2869.08,
2912.76, 2956.43, 3000
]
tasalt = [
0, 9619.5, 19239.0, 28858.5, 38478.0, 38478.0, 41681.3, 41681.3,
32129.3, 21998.5, 11288.7, 0
]
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4, fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=22)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=22)
plt.title('D8.2 Altitude Profile', fontsize=22)
plt.ylim([0, 46000])
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=16)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=16)
plt.savefig('D8_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def gen_777_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
tasrng = [
0, 15.6, 33.24, 60.40, 107.98, 107.98, 5850.37, 5850.37, 5887.82,
5925.28, 5962.74, 6000
]
tasalt = [
0, 7994.2, 15988.5, 23982.8, 31977.0, 31977.0, 39723.4, 39723.4,
31282.2, 21847.9, 11420.5, 0
]
rng = np.cumsum(mag(sol('R_{segment}')))
alt = mag(sol('hft'))
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4, fontsize=18)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=22)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=22)
plt.title('777 Altitude Profile', fontsize=22)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=16)
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=16)
plt.savefig('777_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def gen_D82_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rng = [0]
alt = [0]
for i in range(len(sol('R_{climb}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('R_{cruise}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{cruise}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
alt.append(mag(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rng = np.cumsum(rng)
tasrng = [
0, 11.51, 27.36, 52.64, 103.28, 103.28, 2825.41, 2825.41, 2869.08,
2912.76, 2956.43, 3000
]
tasalt = [
0, 9619.5, 19239.0, 28858.5, 38478.0, 38478.0, 41681.3, 41681.3,
32129.3, 21998.5, 11288.7, 0
]
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('D8.2 Altitude Profile')
plt.ylim([0, 46000])
plt.savefig('D8_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def generate_radar_data(solutions, objectives, keyOrder, baseobj):
# Generating data amenable to radar plotting
data = []
data.append(
[objectives[keyOrder[j]]['name'] for j in range(len(keyOrder))])
maxesindata = np.zeros(len(objectives))
minsindata = 10.**8 * np.ones(len(objectives))
counti = 0
for i in range(len(keyOrder)):
case = objectives[keyOrder[i]]['name']
caseData = [[] for j in range(len(solutions[counti]))]
for j in range(len(solutions[counti])):
countk = 0
for k in range(len(keyOrder)):
caseData[j].append(mag(solutions[counti][j](keyOrder[k])))
if mag(solutions[counti][j](
keyOrder[k])) >= maxesindata[countk]:
maxesindata[countk] = mag(solutions[counti][j](
keyOrder[k]))
if mag(solutions[counti][j](
keyOrder[k])) <= minsindata[countk]:
minsindata[countk] = mag(solutions[counti][j](keyOrder[k]))
countk += 1
data.append((case, caseData))
counti += 1
def gen_737_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
tasrng = [
0, 13.68, 31.34, 59.96, 115.05, 115.05, 2875.38, 2875.38, 2906.56,
2937.74, 2968.92, 3000
]
tasalt = [
0, 8750, 17500, 26250, 35000, 35000, 39677.3, 39677.3, 29758., 19838.6,
9919.3, 0
]
rng = [0]
alt = [0]
for i in range(len(sol('R_{climb}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('R_{cruise}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{cruise}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
alt.append(mag(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rng = np.cumsum(rng)
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('737 Altitude Profile', fontsize=18)
plt.savefig('737_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def post_compute(sol, Nclimb):
eta_P_fan = 2 / (
1 + 1.94384 * mag(sol('u_{8}')[Nclimb]) / mag(sol('V')[Nclimb]))
print "Fan Propulsive Efficiency in Cruise Segment 1"
print "---------------------"
print eta_P_fan
def plot_star(nPoints, r_sol, l, title='Star'):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
nx = len(r_sol('A'))
nt = len(r_sol('A')[0])
r_o = mag(r_sol('r_o'))
r_i = mag(r_sol('r_i'))
x = np.linspace(0, l, nx)
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 2 * nPoints + 1)
X, Theta = np.meshgrid(x, theta)
plt.rc('axes',
prop_cycle=(cycler('color', ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y']) +
cycler('linestyle', ['-', '--', ':', '-.'])))
for i in range(nt):
r_o_s = r_o[:, i]
r_i_s = r_i[:, i]
O, Theta = np.meshgrid(r_o_s, theta)
I, Theta = np.meshgrid(r_i_s, theta)
Z = I + np.ceil(np.mod(Theta, 2 * np.pi / nPoints)) * (O - I)
ax.contour3D(X,
Z * np.sin(Theta),
Z * np.cos(Theta),
50,
cmap='binary')
plt.xlabel('Axial coordinate')
plt.ylabel('Radial coordinate')
plt.title(title)
plt.show()
def gen_777_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
tasrng = [
0, 15.6, 33.24, 60.40, 107.98, 107.98, 5850.37, 5850.37, 5887.82,
5925.28, 5962.74, 6000
]
tasalt = [
0, 7994.2, 15988.5, 23982.8, 31977.0, 31977.0, 39723.4, 39723.4,
31282.2, 21847.9, 11420.5, 0
]
rng = [0]
alt = [0]
for i in range(len(sol('R_{climb}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('R_{cruise}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{cruise}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
alt.append(mag(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rng = np.cumsum(rng)
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.plot(tasrng, tasalt)
plt.legend(['SP Model', 'TASOPT'], loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('777 Altitude Profile')
plt.savefig('777_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def allocate_fuel(sol, m, relaxDict, nt, nx):
"""
:param sol: rocket solution
:param m: rocket model
:param relaxDict: dictionary of relaxations of model
:param nt: time steps
:param nx: spatial discretization
:return: mass proportions of propellant, accelerant and filler material
"""
# Mapping solution values
T_amb = sol(m.section.T_amb)
T = sol(m.section.T)
u = sol(m.section.u)
c_p = sol(m.section.c_p)
T_t = [[] for i in range(nx)]
for i in range(nt):
for j in range(nx):
T_t[j].append((T[j, i] + u[j, i]**2 / (2 * c_p[i])))
mdot = sol(m.section.mdot)
q = sol(m.section.q)
k_comb_p = sol(m.section.k_comb_p)
# Porosity of fuel
porosity = relaxDict['massCons']
# Computing relative burn rate...
q_comb = [[] for i in range(nx)]
for i in range(nt):
for j in range(nx):
if j >= 1:
q_comb[j].append(
np.round(mag(
((T_t[j][i]) * mdot[j, i] - q[j, i] * T_amb[i] -
T_t[j][i - 1] * mdot[j, i - 1]) * c_p[i] /
k_comb_p[i]),
decimals=2))
else:
q_comb[j].append(
np.round(mag(
(T_t[j][i] * mdot[j, i] - q[j, i] * T_amb[i]) *
c_p[i] / k_comb_p[i]),
decimals=2))
# Since this isn't working properly, we hack and offset q_comb
q_min = np.min(q_comb)
qratmin = np.min(mag(q_comb / q))
q_comb = q_comb - (qratmin) * mag(q)
qrat = mag(q_comb / q) # Sum of propellant+accelerant ratios
beta_f = np.ones((nx, nt)) - qrat - porosity # Filler ratio
# Use burn rate relaxation to obtain beta_a and beta_p
beta_p = 1 / (np.ones((nx, nt)) + relaxDict['burnRate']) * qrat
beta_a = np.ones((nx, nt)) - beta_p - beta_f
return beta_p, beta_a, beta_f, porosity
def plot_general_solutions(solarray, var1, var2, var3):
points = ["o","*","-"]
count = 0
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
for i in solarray:
ax.plot(mag(i(var1.key)), mag(i(var2.key)),mag(i(var3.key)))
count+=1
ax.set_xlabel(var1.str_without())
ax.set_ylabel(var2.str_without())
ax.set_zlabel(var3.str_without())
plt.title('3D Flight envelope')
plt.show()
def gen_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rng = np.cumsum(mag(sol('R_{segment}')))
alt = mag(sol('hft'))
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance', fontsize=18)
plt.title('Aircraft Altitude Profile')
plt.show()
def make_initial_guess(model, newlist, guesstype='ones'):
"""Returns initial guess"""
try:
sol = model.solve(verbosity=0)
except TypeError:
sol = model.localsolve(verbosity=0)
if guesstype == "ones":
x0string = ["x0 = ones({0},1);\n".format(len(sol['freevariables']))]
else:
x0string = ["x0 = ["]
i = 1
for vk in newlist:
xf = mag(sol['freevariables'][vk])
if guesstype == "almost-exact-solution":
x0 = round(xf, -int(floor(log10(abs(xf))))) # rounds to 1sf
elif guesstype == "order-of-magnitude-floor":
x0 = 10**floor(log10(xf))
elif guesstype == "order-of-magnitude-round":
x0 = 10**round(log10(xf))
else:
raise Exception("Unexpected guess type")
x0string += [str(x0) + ", "]
i += 1
x0string += ["];\n"]
return "".join(x0string)
def test_simpleflight(self, example):
self.assertTrue(example.sol.almost_equal(example.sol_loaded))
for sol in [example.sol, example.sol_loaded]:
freevarcheck = {
"A": 8.46,
"C_D": 0.0206,
"C_f": 0.0036,
"C_L": 0.499,
"Re": 3.68e+06,
"S": 16.4,
"W": 7.34e+03,
"V": 38.2,
"W_w": 2.40e+03
}
# sensitivity values from p. 34 of W. Hoburg's thesis
senscheck = {
r"(\frac{S}{S_{wet}})": 0.4300,
"e": -0.4785,
"V_{min}": -0.3691,
"k": 0.4300,
r"\mu": 0.0860,
"(CDA0)": 0.0915,
"C_{L,max}": -0.1845,
r"\tau": -0.2903,
"N_{ult}": 0.2903,
"W_0": 1.0107,
r"\rho": -0.2275
}
for key in freevarcheck:
sol_rat = mag(sol["variables"][key])/freevarcheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
for key in senscheck:
sol_rat = sol["sensitivities"]["variables"][key]/senscheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
def test_simpleflight(self, example):
sol = example.sol
freevarcheck = dict(A=8.46,
C_D=0.0206,
C_f=0.0036,
C_L=0.499,
Re=3.68e+06,
S=16.4,
W=7.34e+03,
V=38.2,
W_w=2.40e+03)
# sensitivity values from p. 34 of W. Hoburg's thesis
consenscheck = {r"(\frac{S}{S_{wet}})": 0.4300,
"e": -0.4785,
"V_{min}": -0.3691,
"k": 0.4300,
r"\mu": 0.0860,
"(CDA0)": 0.0915,
"C_{L,max}": -0.1845,
r"\tau": -0.2903,
"N_{ult}": 0.2903,
"W_0": 1.0107,
r"\rho": -0.2275}
for key in freevarcheck:
sol_rat = mag(sol["variables"][key])/freevarcheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
for key in consenscheck:
sol_rat = sol["sensitivities"]["constants"][key]/consenscheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
def map_relaxations(groupedDict, nt, nx, decimals = 3):
strkeys = groupedDict.keys()
relaxDict = {i:None for i in strkeys}
for i in strkeys:
dim = len(groupedDict[i])
nd = groupedDict[i]
# Mapping relaxations in time and space
dim1, dim2 = [0,0]
if dim == nx*nt:
[dim1,dim2] = [nt,nx]
elif dim == nt:
[dim1,dim2] = [nt, 1]
elif dim == nx:
[dim1,dim2] = [1, nx]
# Special cases where monomials (always tight) replace posys
# in the first section
elif dim == (nx-1)*nt and i == 'massCons':
[dim1,dim2] = [nt, nx]
a = np.array(nd)[:,0].reshape((nt, nx-1))
nd = np.concatenate((np.zeros((nt,1))*units(''), a), axis=1)
nd = nd.reshape((nx*nt,1))
else:
print 'Warning: tight constraint that does not' \
' obey the specified relaxations detected.'
nd = [mag(j) for j in np.array(nd)[:,0]]
nd = np.array(nd).reshape((dim2, dim1))
relaxDict[i] = np.round(nd, decimals=decimals)
return relaxDict
def test_simpleflight(self, example):
sol = example.sol
freevarcheck = dict(A=8.46,
C_D=0.0206,
C_f=0.0036,
C_L=0.499,
Re=3.68e+06,
S=16.4,
W=7.34e+03,
V=38.2,
W_w=2.40e+03)
# sensitivity values from p. 34 of W. Hoburg's thesis
consenscheck = {r"(\frac{S}{S_{wet}})": 0.4300,
"e": -0.4785,
"V_{min}": -0.3691,
"k": 0.4300,
r"\mu": 0.0860,
"(CDA0)": 0.0915,
"C_{L,max}": -0.1845,
r"\tau": -0.2903,
"N_{ult}": 0.2903,
"W_0": 1.0107,
r"\rho": -0.2275}
for key in freevarcheck:
sol_rat = mag(sol["variables"][key])/freevarcheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
for key in consenscheck:
sol_rat = sol["sensitivities"]["constants"][key]/consenscheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
def test_simpleflight(self, example):
self.assertTrue(example.sol.almost_equal(example.sol_loaded))
for sol in [example.sol, example.sol_loaded]:
freevarcheck = {
"A": 8.46,
"C_D": 0.0206,
"C_f": 0.0036,
"C_L": 0.499,
"Re": 3.68e+06,
"S": 16.4,
"W": 7.34e+03,
"V": 38.2,
"W_w": 2.40e+03
}
# sensitivity values from p. 34 of W. Hoburg's thesis
senscheck = {
r"(\frac{S}{S_{wet}})": 0.4300,
"e": -0.4785,
"V_{min}": -0.3691,
"k": 0.4300,
r"\mu": 0.0860,
"(CDA0)": 0.0915,
"C_{L,max}": -0.1845,
r"\tau": -0.2903,
"N_{ult}": 0.2903,
"W_0": 1.0107,
r"\rho": -0.2275
}
for key in freevarcheck:
sol_rat = mag(sol["variables"][key])/freevarcheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
for key in senscheck:
sol_rat = sol["sensitivities"]["constants"][key]/senscheck[key]
self.assertTrue(abs(1-sol_rat) < 1e-2)
def make_initial_guess(model, newlist, guesstype='ones'):
"""Returns initial guess"""
try:
sol = model.solve(verbosity=0)
except TypeError:
sol = model.localsolve(verbosity=0)
if guesstype == "ones":
x0string = ["x0 = ones({0},1);\n".format(len(sol['freevariables']))]
else:
x0string = ["x0 = ["]
i = 1
for vk in newlist:
xf = mag(sol['freevariables'][vk])
if guesstype == "almost-exact-solution":
x0 = round(xf, -int(floor(log10(abs(xf))))) # rounds to 1sf
elif guesstype == "order-of-magnitude-floor":
x0 = 10**floor(log10(xf))
elif guesstype == "order-of-magnitude-round":
x0 = 10**round(log10(xf))
else:
raise Exception("Unexpected guess type")
x0string += [str(x0) + ", "]
i += 1
x0string += ["];\n"]
return "".join(x0string)
def draw_network(sol, coordinates):
# Draws a general flow network (GI)
N = len(coordinates)
topology_list = []
n_edges = sum(sum(sol('x') > 1e-10))
prunedsol = {'q':[], 'D':[], '\dot{V}_+':[], '\dot{V}_-': []}
for i in range(N):
for j in range(N):
if sol('x')[i][j] >= 1e-10:
topology_list.append([i,j])
prunedsol['q'] = prunedsol['q'] + [mag(sol('q')[i][j])]
prunedsol['D'] = prunedsol['D'] + [mag(sol('D')[i][j])]
prunedsol['\dot{V}_+'] = sol('\dot{V}_+')
prunedsol['\dot{V}_-'] = sol('\dot{V}_-')
print(prunedsol)
topology_dict = {i:topology_list[i] for i in range(len(topology_list))}
draw_KT_network(prunedsol, coordinates, topology_dict)
def signomial_print(sig, sol, colorfn, paintby="constants", idx=None):
"For pretty printing with Sympy"
mstrs = []
for c, exp in zip(sig.cs, sig.exps):
pos_vars, neg_vars = [], []
for var, x in exp.items():
varlatex = var.latex()
if paintby == "constants":
senss = (sol["sensitivities"]["constants"][var]
if var in sol["sensitivities"]["constants"] else 0.0)
colorstr = colorfn(senss)
varlatex = "\\textcolor%s{%s}" % (colorstr, varlatex)
if x > 0:
pos_vars.append((varlatex, x))
elif x < 0:
neg_vars.append((varlatex, x))
pvarstrs = [
'%s^{%.2g}' % (varl, x) if "%.2g" % x != "1" else varl
for (varl, x) in pos_vars
]
nvarstrs = [
'%s^{%.2g}' % (varl, -x) if "%.2g" % -x != "1" else varl
for (varl, x) in neg_vars
]
pvarstrs.sort()
nvarstrs.sort()
pvarstr = ' '.join(pvarstrs)
nvarstr = ' '.join(nvarstrs)
c = mag(c)
cstr = "%.2g" % c
if pos_vars and (cstr == "1" or cstr == "-1"):
cstr = cstr[:-1]
else:
cstr = latex_num(c)
if not pos_vars and not neg_vars:
mstr = "%s" % cstr
elif pos_vars and not neg_vars:
mstr = "%s%s" % (cstr, pvarstr)
elif neg_vars and not pos_vars:
mstr = "\\frac{%s}{%s}" % (cstr, nvarstr)
elif pos_vars and neg_vars:
mstr = "%s\\frac{%s}{%s}" % (cstr, pvarstr, nvarstr)
mstrs.append(mstr)
if paintby == "monomials":
mstrs_ = []
for mstr in mstrs:
senss = sol["sensitivities"]["monomials"][idx]
idx += 1
colorstr = colorfn(senss)
mstrs_.append("\\textcolor%s{%s}" % (colorstr, mstr))
return " + ".join(sorted(mstrs_)), idx
else:
return " + ".join(sorted(mstrs))
def gen_D8_D8_no_BLI_plots(solD8, solno_BLI):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rngD8 = np.cumsum(mag(solD8('R_{segment}')))
altD8 = mag(solD8('hft'))
rngno_BLI = np.cumsum(mag(solno_BLI('R_{segment}')))
altno_BLI = mag(solno_BLI('hft'))
plt.plot(rngD8, altD8)
plt.plot(rngno_BLI, altno_BLI)
plt.legend(['D8', 'D8 w/out BLI (rear podded engines)'], loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('D8 Altitude Profile with and without BLI')
plt.savefig('D8_D8_no_BLI_altitude_profile.pdf', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def signomial_print(sig, sol, colorfn, paintby="constants", idx=None):
"For pretty printing with Sympy"
mstrs = []
for c, exp in zip(sig.cs, sig.exps):
pos_vars, neg_vars = [], []
for var, x in exp.items():
varlatex = var.latex()
if paintby == "constants":
senss = (sol["sensitivities"]["constants"][var]
if var in sol["sensitivities"]["constants"]
else 0.0)
colorstr = colorfn(senss)
varlatex = "\\textcolor%s{%s}" % (colorstr, varlatex)
if x > 0:
pos_vars.append((varlatex, x))
elif x < 0:
neg_vars.append((varlatex, x))
pvarstrs = ['%s^{%.2g}' % (varl, x) if "%.2g" % x != "1" else varl
for (varl, x) in pos_vars]
nvarstrs = ['%s^{%.2g}' % (varl, -x)
if "%.2g" % -x != "1" else varl
for (varl, x) in neg_vars]
pvarstrs.sort()
nvarstrs.sort()
pvarstr = ' '.join(pvarstrs)
nvarstr = ' '.join(nvarstrs)
c = mag(c)
cstr = "%.2g" % c
if pos_vars and (cstr == "1" or cstr == "-1"):
cstr = cstr[:-1]
else:
cstr = latex_num(c)
if not pos_vars and not neg_vars:
mstr = "%s" % cstr
elif pos_vars and not neg_vars:
mstr = "%s%s" % (cstr, pvarstr)
elif neg_vars and not pos_vars:
mstr = "\\frac{%s}{%s}" % (cstr, nvarstr)
elif pos_vars and neg_vars:
mstr = "%s\\frac{%s}{%s}" % (cstr, pvarstr, nvarstr)
mstrs.append(mstr)
if paintby == "monomials":
mstrs_ = []
for mstr in mstrs:
senss = sol["sensitivities"]["monomials"][idx]
idx += 1
colorstr = colorfn(senss)
mstrs_.append("\\textcolor%s{%s}" % (colorstr, mstr))
return " + ".join(sorted(mstrs_)), idx
else:
return " + ".join(sorted(mstrs))
def update(self, solution):
"Update the chart based upon a new solution"
valuedict = solution["variables"]
if self.updates == 0: # first update
self.create_jsobj(valuedict)
else:
updates = ""
for i, varname in enumerate(self.varnames):
updates += ("%s.datasets[0].bars[%i].value = %f \n" %
(self.name, i, mag(valuedict[varname])))
display(Javascript(updates + "%s.update()" % self.name))
self.updates += 1
def gen_plots(sol):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rng = []
alt = []
for i in range(len(sol('R_{climb}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('R_{cruise}'))):
rng.append(mag(sol('R_{cruise}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
alt.append(mag(sol('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rng = np.cumsum(rng)
plt.plot(rng, alt)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance', fontsize=18)
plt.title('Aircraft Altitude Profile')
# plt.savefig('M08_D8_wing_profile_drag.pdf', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def test(cls):
b = cls(N=6, substitutions={"L": 6, "EI": 1.1e4, "q": 110*np.ones(10)})
b.zero_lower_unbounded_variables()
sol = b.solve(verbosity=1)
w_gp = sol("w") # deflection along beam
L, EI, q = sol("L"), sol("EI"), sol("q")
x = np.linspace(0, mag(L), len(q))*units.m # position along beam
q = q[0] # assume uniform loading for the check below
w_exact = q/(24.*EI) * x**2 * (x**2 - 4*L*x + 6*L**2) # analytic soln
assert max(abs(w_gp - w_exact)) <= 1e-2*units.m
def update(self, solution):
"Update the chart based upon a new solution"
valuedict = solution["variables"]
if self.updates == 0: # first update
self.create_jsobj(valuedict)
else:
updates = ""
for i, varname in enumerate(self.varnames):
updates += ("%s.datasets[0].bars[%i].value = %f \n"
% (self.name, i, mag(valuedict[varname])))
display(Javascript(updates + "%s.update()" % self.name))
self.updates += 1
def generate_flight_envelope(m, var1, var2, var1range, rm = None, rmsol = None):
"""
Generates the flight envelope of an optimized aircraft
This is a method to compare the objective trade-off performance
of an already designed aircraft (nominal and robust)
Want to MAXIMIZE both var1 and var2 (bigger envelope)
:param m: already solved model
:param var1: independent variable
:param var2: dependent variable (should be maximized)
:param var1range: the range of the independent var
:param rm: robust version of m
:param rmsol: solution of rm
:return: nominal sweep solution, robust sweep solution
"""
dm = RobustGPTools.DesignedModel(m, m.solution, {})
if var2.key in list(m.substitutions.keys()):
del dm.substitutions[var2.key]
dm.cost = 1/var2 #*var2.units*dm.cost.units #dm.cost/var2 #
dm.substitutions.update({var1.key:('sweep',var1range)})
sol = dm.localsolve(skipsweepfailures=True)
if rm:
drm = RobustGPTools.DesignedModel(m, rmsol, {})
if var2.key in list(rm.substitutions.keys()):
del drm.substitutions[var2.key]
drm.cost = 1/var2 #drm.cost + 1/var2*var2.units*drm.cost.units #drm.cost/var2
drm.substitutions.update({var1.key:('sweep',var1range)})
robustsol = drm.localsolve(skipsweepfailures=True)
plt.plot(mag(sol(var1.key)),mag(sol(var2.key)))
try:
plt.plot(mag(robustsol(var1.key)),mag(robustsol(var2.key)))
plt.legend(["Nominal", "Robust"])
except:
pass
plt.xlabel(var1.str_without())
plt.ylabel(var2.str_without())
plt.title(r'Flight envelope, $\Gamma = 1$')
plt.grid()
plt.show()
return sol, robustsol
def gen_D8_737_plots(solD8, sol737):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rngD8 = np.cumsum(mag(solD8('R_{segment}')))
altD8 = mag(solD8('hft'))
rng73 = np.cumsum(mag(sol737('R_{segment}')))
alt73 = mag(sol737('hft'))
tasrngD8 = [
0, 11.51, 27.36, 52.64, 103.28, 103.28, 2825.41, 2825.41, 2869.08,
2912.76, 2956.43, 3000
]
tasaltD8 = [
0, 9619.5, 19239.0, 28858.5, 38478.0, 38478.0, 41681.3, 41681.3,
32129.3, 21998.5, 11288.7, 0
]
tasrng73 = [
0, 13.68, 31.34, 59.96, 115.05, 115.05, 2875.38, 2875.38, 2906.56,
2937.74, 2968.92, 3000
]
tasalt73 = [
0, 8750, 17500, 26250, 35000, 35000, 39677.3, 39677.3, 29758., 19838.6,
9919.3, 0
]
plt.plot(rngD8, altD8)
plt.plot(tasrngD8, tasaltD8)
plt.plot(rng73, alt73)
plt.plot(tasrng73, tasalt73)
plt.legend(['D8 SP Model', 'D8 TASOPT', '737 SP Model', '737 TASOPT'],
loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('737 and D8 Altitude Profile', fontsize=18)
plt.savefig('737_D8_altitude_profile.eps', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
def draw_fuel(sol, m):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes()
nx = len(m.section.A_p_in)
nt = len(m.section.A_p_in[0])
z = sol(m.section.A_p_in)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, nx)
for i in range(nx):
ax[i].pie(z[i] / sum(z[i]),
labels=np.linspace(1, nt, nt),
radius=mag(z[i, 0]) / max(z.flat))
ax[i].axis('equal')
plt.show()
def test_vector(self):
x = Variable("x")
y = Variable("y")
z = VectorVariable(2, "z")
p = x*y*z
self.assertTrue(all(p.sub({x: 1, "y": 2}) == 2*z))
self.assertTrue(all(p.sub({x: 1, y: 2, "z": [1, 2]}) ==
z.sub(z, [2, 4])))
x = VectorVariable(3, "x", "m")
xs = x[:2].sum()
for x_ in ["x", x]:
self.assertAlmostEqual(mag(xs.sub(x_, [1, 2, 3]).c), 3.0)
def test_vector(self):
x = Variable("x")
y = Variable("y")
z = VectorVariable(2, "z")
p = x*y*z
self.assertTrue(all(p.sub({x: 1, "y": 2}) == 2*z))
self.assertTrue(all(p.sub({x: 1, y: 2, "z": [1, 2]}) ==
z.sub({z: [2, 4]})))
xvec = VectorVariable(3, "x", "m")
xs = xvec[:2].sum()
for x_ in ["x", xvec]:
self.assertAlmostEqual(mag(xs.sub({x_: [1, 2, 3]}).c), 3.0)
def __init__(self, bounds, sols, sweptvar, costposy):
if len(bounds) != 2:
raise ValueError("bounds must be of length 2.")
if bounds[1] <= bounds[0]:
raise ValueError("bounds[0] must be smaller than bounds[1].")
self.bounds = bounds
self.sols = sols
self.costs = log([mag(sol["cost"]) for sol in sols])
self.splits = None
self.splitval = None
self.splitlb = None
self.splitub = None
self.sweptvar = sweptvar
self.costposy = costposy
def draw_2D_bar(sol, m, vectorvar, title):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
nx = len(m.section.A_p_in)
nt = len(m.section.A_p_in[0])
x = np.linspace(1, nx, nx)
y = np.linspace(1, nt, nt)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = sol(vectorvar)
for i in range(nt):
color = [0.5, 0., 1.0 * i / nt]
ax.bar(x, mag(Z[:, i]), zs=i, zdir='y', alpha=0.5, color=color)
plt.xlabel('Axial coordinate')
plt.ylabel('Time step')
plt.title(title)
plt.show()
def test_scalar_units(self):
x = Variable("x", "m")
xvk = x.key
y = Variable("y", "km")
yvk = y.key
units_exist = bool(x.units)
for x_ in ["x", xvk, x]:
for y_ in ["y", yvk, y]:
if not isinstance(y_, str) and units_exist:
expected = 0.001
else:
expected = 1.0
self.assertAlmostEqual(expected, mag(x.sub(x_, y_).c))
if units_exist:
z = Variable("z", "s")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, y.sub, y, z)
def test_scalar_units(self):
x = Variable("x", "m")
xvk = x.key
y = Variable("y", "km")
yvk = y.key
units_exist = bool(x.units)
for x_ in ["x", xvk, x]:
for y_ in ["y", yvk, y]:
if not isinstance(y_, str) and units_exist:
expected = 1000.0
else:
expected = 1.0
self.assertAlmostEqual(expected, mag(x.sub({x_: y_}).c))
if units_exist:
z = Variable("z", "s")
self.assertRaises(ValueError, y.sub, {y: z})
def print_simulation_results(the_robust_model, the_robust_model_solution,
the_robust_model_solve_time,
the_nominal_model_solve_time,
the_nominal_no_of_constraints, the_nominal_cost,
the_simulation_results, the_file_id):
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Probability of failure: %s\n' %
the_simulation_results[0])
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Average performance: %s\n' %
mag(the_simulation_results[1]))
the_file_id.write(
'\t\t\t' + 'Relative average performance: %s\n' %
(mag(the_simulation_results[1]) / float(mag(the_nominal_cost))))
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Worst-case performance: %s\n' %
mag(the_robust_model_solution['cost']))
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Relative worst-case performance: %s\n' %
(mag(the_robust_model_solution['cost']) /
float(mag(the_nominal_cost))))
try:
number_of_constraints = \
len([cnstrnt for cnstrnt in the_robust_model.get_robust_model().flat(constraintsets=False)])
except AttributeError:
number_of_constraints = \
len([cnstrnt for cnstrnt in the_robust_model.get_robust_model()[-1].flat(constraintsets=False)])
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' +
'Number of constraints: %s\n' % number_of_constraints)
the_file_id.write(
'\t\t\t' + 'Relative number of constraints: %s\n' %
(number_of_constraints / float(the_nominal_no_of_constraints)))
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Setup time: %s\n' %
the_robust_model_solution['setuptime'])
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Relative setup time: %s\n' %
(the_robust_model_solution['setuptime'] /
float(the_nominal_model_solve_time)))
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' +
'Solve time: %s\n' % the_robust_model_solve_time)
the_file_id.write(
'\t\t\t' + 'Relative solve time: %s\n' %
(the_robust_model_solve_time / float(the_nominal_model_solve_time)))
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Number of linear sections: %s\n' %
the_robust_model_solution['numoflinearsections'])
the_file_id.write('\t\t\t' + 'Upper lower relative error: %s\n' %
mag(the_robust_model_solution['upperLowerRelError']))
def create_jsobj(self, data):
"Create and display the javascript object for this chart"
labels = ", ".join(['"%s"' % vn for vn in self.varnames])
datarray = ", ".join(
[str(mag(data[varname])) for varname in self.varnames])
js_init = Template("""
var data = {
labels: [$labels],
datasets: [
{
data: [$datarray],
fillColor: "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
strokeColor: "rgba(151,187,205,0.8)",
highlightFill: "rgba(151,187,205,0.75)",
highlightStroke: "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
}]}
var ctx = document.getElementById("$name").getContext("2d");
window.$name = new Chart(ctx).Bar(data,
{animationSteps: 1}
);
""").substitute(name=self.name, labels=labels, datarray=datarray)
display(Javascript(js_init))
def create_jsobj(self, data):
"Create and display the javascript object for this chart"
labels = ", ".join(['"%s"' % vn for vn in self.varnames])
datarray = ", ".join([str(mag(data[varname]))
for varname in self.varnames])
js_init = Template("""
var data = {
labels: [$labels],
datasets: [
{
data: [$datarray],
fillColor: "rgba(151,187,205,0.5)",
strokeColor: "rgba(151,187,205,0.8)",
highlightFill: "rgba(151,187,205,0.75)",
highlightStroke: "rgba(151,187,205,1)",
}]}
var ctx = document.getElementById("$name").getContext("2d");
window.$name = new Chart(ctx).Bar(data,
{animationSteps: 1}
);
""").substitute(name=self.name, labels=labels, datarray=datarray)
display(Javascript(js_init))
def gen_D8_D8_no_BLI_plots(solD8, solno_BLI):
"""
function to generate plots of interesting values
"""
#generate an altitude profile plot
rngD8 = []
altD8 = []
for i in range(len(solD8('R_{climb}'))):
rngD8.append(mag(solD8('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(solD8('Rng'))):
rngD8.append(mag(solD8('Rng')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(solD8('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
altD8.append(
mag(solD8('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rngD8 = np.cumsum(rngD8)
rngno_BLI = []
altno_BLI = []
for i in range(len(solno_BLI('R_{climb}'))):
rngno_BLI.append(mag(solno_BLI('R_{climb}')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(solno_BLI('Rng'))):
rngno_BLI.append(mag(solno_BLI('Rng')[i][0]))
for i in range(len(solno_BLI('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'])):
altno_BLI.append(
mag(solno_BLI('hft')['hft_Mission/FlightState/Altitude'][i][0]))
rngno_BLI = np.cumsum(rngno_BLI)
plt.plot(rngD8, altD8)
plt.plot(rngno_BLI, altno_BLI)
plt.legend(['D8', 'D8 w/out BLI (rear podded engines)'], loc=4)
plt.ylabel('Altitude [ft]', fontsize=18)
plt.xlabel('Down Range Distance [nm]', fontsize=18)
plt.title('D8 Altitude Profile with and without BLI')
plt.savefig('D8_D8_no_BLI_altitude_profile.pdf', bbox_inches="tight")
plt.show()
m1 = Model(A**2, [A >= l**2 + units.m**2])
tol1 = 1e-3
bst1 = autosweep_1d(m1, tol1, l, [1, 10], verbosity=0)
print "Solved after %2i passes, cost logtol +/-%.3g" % (bst1.nsols, bst1.tol)
# autosweep solution accessing
l_vals = np.linspace(1, 10, 10)
sol1 = bst1.sample_at(l_vals)
print "values of l:", l_vals
print "values of A:", sol1("A")
cost_estimate = sol1["cost"]
cost_lb, cost_ub = sol1.cost_lb(), sol1.cost_ub()
print "cost lower bound:", cost_lb
print "cost estimate: ", cost_estimate
print "cost upper bound:", cost_ub
# you can evaluate arbitrary posynomials
np.testing.assert_allclose(mag(2*sol1(A)), mag(sol1(2*A)))
assert (sol1["cost"] == sol1(A**2)).all()
# the cost estimate is the logspace mean of its upper and lower bounds
np.testing.assert_allclose((np.log(mag(cost_lb)) + np.log(mag(cost_ub)))/2,
np.log(mag(cost_estimate)))
# save autosweep to a file and retrieve it
bst1.save("autosweep.pkl")
bst1_loaded = pickle.load(open("autosweep.pkl"))
# this problem is two intersecting lines in logspace
m2 = Model(A**2, [A >= (l/3)**2, A >= (l/3)**0.5 * units.m**1.5])
tol2 = {"mosek": 1e-12, "cvxopt": 1e-7,
"mosek_cli": 1e-6}[gpkit.settings["default_solver"]]
bst2 = autosweep_1d(m2, tol2, l, [1, 10], verbosity=0)
print "Solved after %2i passes, cost logtol +/-%.3g" % (bst2.nsols, bst2.tol)
print "Table of solutions used in the autosweep:"
theta_eq[0] = (th[0] >= th_base) # base boundary condition
displ_eq = (w >= w.left + 0.5*dx*(th + th.left))
displ_eq[0] = (w[0] >= w_base)
# minimize tip displacement (the last w)
self.cost = self.w_tip = w[-1]
return [shear_eq, moment_eq, theta_eq, displ_eq,
L == (N-1)*dx]
b = Beam(N=6, substitutions={"L": 6, "EI": 1.1e4, "q": 110*np.ones(6)})
sol = b.solve(verbosity=0)
print sol.summary(maxcolumns=6)
w_gp = sol("w") # deflection along beam
L, EI, q = sol("L"), sol("EI"), sol("q")
x = np.linspace(0, mag(L), len(q))*ureg.m # position along beam
q = q[0] # assume uniform loading for the check below
w_exact = q/(24.*EI) * x**2 * (x**2 - 4*L*x + 6*L**2) # analytic soln
assert max(abs(w_gp - w_exact)) <= 1.1*ureg.cm
PLOT = False
if PLOT:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x_exact = np.linspace(0, L, 1000)
w_exact = q/(24.*EI) * x_exact**2 * (x_exact**2 - 4*L*x_exact + 6*L**2)
plt.plot(x, w_gp, color='red', linestyle='solid', marker='^',
markersize=8)
plt.plot(x_exact, w_exact, color='blue', linestyle='dashed')
plt.xlabel('x [m]')
plt.ylabel('Deflection [m]')
def assert_logtol(first, second, logtol=1e-6):
"Asserts that the logs of two arrays have a given abstol"
np.testing.assert_allclose(log(mag(first)), log(mag(second)),
atol=logtol, rtol=0)