def test_hole_leak_Crane(self):
LHe = ht.ThermState('helium')
LHe.update('P', ht.P_NTP, 'Q', Q_('0'))
Portable_500L = odh.Source('Portable 500L', LHe, Q_(500, ureg.L))
Portable_500L.dewar_insulation_failure(1054 * ureg('ft^3/min'))
fluid = ht.ThermState('water', P=Q_(2, ureg.psig), T=Q_(60, ureg.degF))
tube = ht.piping.Pipe(3, SCH=80)
d_hole = 2 * ureg.inch
area = 3.14159 * d_hole**2 / 4
self.assertApproxEqual(131 * ureg.gal / ureg.min,
odh.hole_leak(tube, area, fluid),
uncertainty=0.2)
def test_White_9_4(self):
fluid_static = ht.ThermState('air', P=500 * ureg.kPa, T=470 * ureg.K)
area = 0.05 * ureg.m**2
v = 180 * ureg.m / ureg.s
m_dot = v * area * fluid_static.Dmass
M = ht.piping.Mach(fluid_static, v)
M_exp = 0.414
self.assertApproxEqual(M_exp, M, uncertainty=0.005)
P0 = 563 * ureg.kPa
T0 = 486 * ureg.K
fluid_total = ht.ThermState('air', P=P0, T=T0)
M_total = ht.piping.Mach_total(fluid_total, m_dot, area)
self.assertApproxEqual(M_exp, M_total, uncertainty=0.005)
def test_White_9_3(self):
v = 240 * ureg.m / ureg.s
T1 = 320 * ureg.K
P1 = 170 * ureg.kPa
T01 = 349 * ureg.K
P01 = 230 * ureg.kPa
fluid_static = ht.ThermState('air', P=P1, T=T1)
area = 0.05 * ureg.m**2 # Assumed value
M = ht.piping.Mach(fluid_static, v)
M_exp = 0.67
self.assertApproxEqual(M_exp, M, uncertainty=0.005)
fluid_total = ht.ThermState('air', P=P01, T=T01)
m_dot = v * area * fluid_static.Dmass
M_total = ht.piping.Mach_total(fluid_total, m_dot, area)
self.assertApproxEqual(M_exp, M_total, uncertainty=0.005)
def test_oxygen(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('oxygen', backend='REFPROP')
T = 100 * ureg.K
P = 1000 * ureg.kPa
fluid.update_kw(T=T, P=P)
self.assertNIST(153.886680663753,
fluid.viscosity.to(ureg.uPa * ureg.s).magnitude)
def test_hole_leak_voirin(self):
P_150 = Q_(150, ureg.psig)
P_15 = Q_(15, ureg.psig)
T = Q_(60, ureg.degF)
V_flux_150 = 2.856 * ureg.ft**3 / (ureg.min * ureg.mm**2)
V_flux_15 = 0.515 * ureg.ft**3 / (ureg.min * ureg.mm**2)
area = 1 * ureg.mm**2 # Chosen for simplicity
ID = (4 * area / pi)**0.5 # Assuming tube ID based on area
tube = ht.piping.Tube(ID, wall=0 * ureg.m)
fluid = ht.ThermState('nitrogen', P=P_150, T=T)
m_dot = ht.odh.hole_leak(tube, area, fluid)
self.assertApproxEqual(V_flux_150 * area, m_dot)
fluid = ht.ThermState('nitrogen', P=P_15, T=T)
m_dot = ht.odh.hole_leak(tube, area, fluid)
self.assertApproxEqual(V_flux_15 * area, m_dot)
def test_nitrogen(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('nitrogen', backend='REFPROP')
T = 100 * ureg.K
fluid.update_kw(T=T, Q=0)
self.assertNIST(
100.111748964945,
fluid.conductivity.to(ureg.W / (ureg.m * ureg.K)).magnitude * 1000)
def test_Rennels_4_5(self):
pipe = ht.piping.Pipe(4, SCH=40, L=100 * ureg.ft)
fluid = ht.ThermState('nitrogen', P=100 * ureg.psi, T=530 * ureg.degR)
piping = ht.piping.Piping(pipe)
P_out = 84.056 * ureg.psi
m_dot_isot = ht.piping.m_dot_isot(fluid, pipe, P_out)
self.assertApproxEqual(10, m_dot_isot.m_as(ureg.lb / ureg.s))
def test_r134a(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('r134a', backend='REFPROP')
T = 400 * ureg.K
D = 50 / fluid.M * ureg.mol / ureg.L
fluid.update_kw(T=T, Dmolar=D)
self.assertNIST(1.45691892789737,
fluid.P.to(ureg.kPa).magnitude / 1000)
def test_ammonia_water(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('ammonia&water', backend='REFPROP')
fluid.set_mole_fractions(0.4, 0.6)
T = (((300 - 32) * 5 / 9) + 273.15) * ureg.K
P = 10000 / 14.50377377 * (10**5) / 1000 * ureg.kPa
fluid.update_kw(T=T, P=P)
self.assertNIST(
5536.79144924071,
fluid.speed_sound.to(ureg.m / ureg.s).magnitude * 1000 / 25.4 / 12)
def test_air_density(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('air.mix', backend='REFPROP')
T = (((70 - 32) * 5 / 9) + 273.15) * ureg.K
P = 14.7 / 14.50377377 * (10**5) / 1000 * ureg.kPa
fluid.update_kw(P=P, T=T)
self.assertNIST(
0.0749156384666842,
fluid.Dmolar.to(ureg.mol / ureg.L).magnitude * fluid.M *
0.062427974)
def test_White_9_12(self):
fluid_total = ht.ThermState('air', P=200 * ureg.kPa, T=500 * ureg.K)
v = 100 * ureg.m / ureg.s
pipe = ht.piping.Tube(3 * ureg.cm, L=15 * ureg.m)
m_dot = 0.0961 * ureg.kg / ureg.s # Based on static density from the source
f = 0.02
Ma = ht.piping.Mach_total(fluid_total, m_dot, pipe.area)
K_lim = ht.piping.K_lim(Ma, fluid_total.gamma)
Lstar = K_lim * pipe.ID / f
self.assertApproxEqual(16.5 * ureg.m, Lstar)
def test_Crane_7_16(self):
air = ht.ThermState('air', P=Q_(65, ureg.psig), T=Q_(110, ureg.degF))
pipe = ht.piping.Pipe(1, SCH=40, L=75 * ureg.ft)
flow = 100 * ureg.ft**3 / ureg.min
m_dot = flow * ht.AIR.Dmass
piping = ht.piping.Piping(pipe, ht.piping.Exit(pipe.ID))
dP = ht.piping.dP_incomp(m_dot, air, piping)
self.assertApproxEqual(2.61, dP.m_as(ureg.psi))
dP_isot = ht.piping.dP_isot(m_dot, air, pipe)
self.assertApproxEqual(2.61, dP_isot.m_as(ureg.psi))
def test_API_sonic(self):
"""Example from API 5.6"""
m_dot = 53500 * ureg.lb / ureg.hr
fluid = ht.ThermState('propane&butane', backend='REFPROP')
fluid.set_mole_fractions(0.5, 0.5)
fluid.update_kw(T=627 * ureg.degR, P=97.2 * ureg.psi)
P_back = Q_(0, ureg.psig)
A_expect = 5.73 * ureg.inch**2
A_calc = ht.A_relief_API(m_dot, fluid, P_back=P_back)
self.assertApproxEqual(A_expect, A_calc, uncertainty=0.05)
def test_M_from_K(self):
air = ht.ThermState('air', P=300 * ureg.kPa, T=500 * ureg.K)
self.assertApproxEqual(0.225, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(11, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(0.2, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(14.533, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(0.15, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(27.932, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(0.17, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(21.115, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(0.175,
ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(19.772, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(0.1741, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(20, air.gamma))
self.assertApproxEqual(1, ht.piping.M_from_K_lim(0, air.gamma))
def test_White_9_13(self):
fluid_static = ht.ThermState('air', P=220 * ureg.kPa, T=300 * ureg.K)
P_out = 140 * ureg.kPa
pipe = ht.piping.Tube(1 * ureg.cm, wall=0 * ureg.m, L=1.2 * ureg.m)
K = 0.025 * pipe.L / pipe.ID
pipe.K = MagicMock(return_value=K)
m_dot_adiab = ht.piping.m_dot_adiab(fluid_static,
pipe,
P_out,
state='static')
self.assertApproxEqual(0.0233 * ureg.kg / ureg.s, m_dot_adiab)
def test_Crane_7_22(self):
air = ht.ThermState('air', P=Q_(19.3, ureg.psig), T=Q_(100, ureg.degF))
pipe = ht.piping.Pipe(1 / 2, SCH=80, L=7.04 / 6.04 * 10 *
ureg.ft) # Adjust for entrance K = 1, total 7.04
dP = 19.3 * ureg.psi
P_out = air.P - dP
q_expected = 3762 * ureg.ft**3 / ureg.hr # STD flow
m_dot_expected = ht.to_mass_flow(q_expected, air)
Re = ht.Re(air, m_dot_expected, pipe.ID, pipe.area)
f = 0.0275
m_dot_isot = ht.piping.m_dot_isot(air, pipe)
self.assertApproxEqual(m_dot_expected, m_dot_isot)
def test_White_P_9_100(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('methane',
T=Q_(68, ureg.degF),
P=5 * ureg.bar + 101325 * ureg.Pa)
P_out = 1 * ureg.bar + 101325 * ureg.Pa
pipe = ht.piping.Pipe(6, L=31 * ureg.mile)
K = 0.019 * pipe.L / pipe.ID
pipe.K = MagicMock(return_value=K)
m_dot_isot = ht.piping.m_dot_isot(fluid, pipe, P_out)
self.assertApproxEqual(0.345 * ureg.kg / ureg.s, m_dot_isot)
dP_isot = ht.piping.dP_isot(m_dot_isot, fluid, pipe)
self.assertApproxEqual(fluid.P - P_out, dP_isot)
def test_White_9_11(self):
f = 0.024
d = 2 * ureg.cm
Ma1 = 0.1
Ma2 = 0.5
P1 = 600 * ureg.kPa
T1 = 450 * ureg.K
fluid = ht.ThermState('air', P=P1, T=T1)
k = fluid.gamma
P2 = ht.piping.P_from_M(P1, Ma1, Ma2, k)
self.assertApproxEqual(117 * ureg.kPa, P2)
P02 = ht.piping.P_total(P2, Ma2, k)
self.assertApproxEqual(139 * ureg.kPa, P02)
def test_White_P_9_101(self):
air = ht.ThermState('air', T=Q_(20, ureg.degC), P=102 * ureg.kPa)
P_out = 100 * ureg.kPa
pipe = ht.piping.Tube(3 * ureg.cm, wall=0 * ureg.m, L=1 * ureg.m)
K = 0.028 * pipe.L / pipe.ID
pipe.K = MagicMock(return_value=K)
m_dot_incomp = ht.piping.m_dot_incomp(air,
ht.piping.Piping(pipe),
P_out=P_out)
m_dot_isot = ht.piping.m_dot_isot(air, pipe, P_out)
self.assertApproxEqual(m_dot_incomp, m_dot_isot)
m_dot_adiab = ht.piping.m_dot_adiab(air, pipe, P_out)
self.assertApproxEqual(m_dot_incomp, m_dot_adiab)
dP_incomp = ht.piping.dP_incomp(m_dot_incomp, air, [pipe])
self.assertApproxEqual(air.P - P_out, dP_incomp)
dP_isot = ht.piping.dP_isot(m_dot_isot, air, pipe)
self.assertApproxEqual(air.P - P_out, dP_isot)
def combine(name, sources):
"""Combine several ODH sources sharing volume.
Can be used for failure modes affecting several sources in parallel.
Parameters
----------
name : str
Name of the new combined source.
sources : list of Source
Sources connected together.
Returns
-------
Source
Combined source of inert gas.
"""
fluid = ht.ThermState(sources[0].fluid.name, T=ht.T_NTP, P=ht.P_NTP)
if all([source.fluid.name == fluid.name for source in sources]):
total_volume = sum([source.volume for source in sources])
return Source(name, fluid, total_volume)
else:
print('\nAll volumes should contain the same fluid')
return None
def test_octane(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('octane', backend='REFPROP')
T = (100 + 273.15) * ureg.K
fluid.update_kw(T=T, Q=0)
self.assertNIST(319.167499870568,
fluid.latent_heat.to(ureg.J / ureg.g).magnitude)
def test_argon(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('argon', backend='REFPROP')
P = 2 * 1000 * ureg.kPa
D = 15 / fluid.M * ureg.mol / ureg.L
fluid.update_kw(P=P, Dmolar=D)
self.assertNIST(637.377588657857, fluid.T.to(ureg.K).magnitude)
def test_R410A_mole_fraction(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('R410A.MIX', backend='REFPROP')
self.assertNIST(0.697614699375863, fluid.mole_fractions[0])
def test_R410A_mass_fraction(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('R410A.MIX', backend='REFPROP')
self.assertNIST(0.5, fluid.mass_fractions[0])
def test_air(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('air.mix', backend='REFPROP')
self.assertNIST(fluid.M, 28.958600656)
def test_copy(self):
"""Minimal test of copy method"""
test_state = ht.ThermState('nitrogen')
test_state.copy()
test_state.update_kw(T=300 * ureg.K, P=1 * ureg.MPa)
test_state.copy()
def test_direct_integration(self):
fluid = ht.ThermState('helium', P=200 * ureg.psi, T=7 * ureg.K)
self.assertApproxEqual(13920 * ureg.kg / (ureg.s * ureg.m**2),
ht.piping.G_nozzle(fluid, P_out=1 * ureg.atm),
uncertainty=0.01)
