Esempio n. 1
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    def dumpFuncs(self):
        meths = []
        cases = []

        args = ["PyObject", ("PyFrame", "frame")]
        access = "private static"

        callargs = [jast.Identifier("frame")]

        for name, funcid, code in self.funccodes:
            funcname = self.uniquename(name)
            meths.append(jast.Method(funcname, access, args, clean(code)))

            body = jast.Return(jast.InvokeStatic(self.name, funcname,
                                                 callargs))
            cases.append(
                [jast.IntegerConstant(funcid),
                 jast.FreeBlock([body])])

        defaultCase = jast.FreeBlock([jast.Return(jast.Null)])
        switch = jast.Block(
            [jast.Switch(jast.Identifier('index'), cases, defaultCase)])

        meths.insert(
            0,
            jast.Method("call_function", "public",
                        ["PyObject", ("int", "index"),
                         ("PyFrame", "frame")], switch))
        self.superclass = "PyFunctionTable"
        return meths
Esempio n. 2
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    def callSuperMethod(self, name, supername, access, ret, sig, throws=[]):
        if self.issuperproxy:
            return
        self.supermethods[supername] = supername
        args = [typeName(ret)]
        argids = []
        throws = filterThrows(throws)
        for c in sig:
            if isinstance(c, TupleType):
                argname = c[1]
                c = c[0]
            else:
                argname = "arg" + str(len(argids))
            args.append((typeName(c), argname))
            argid = jast.Identifier(argname)
            argids.append(argid)

        supercall = jast.Invoke(jast.Identifier("super"), name, argids)
        if ret != Void.TYPE:
            supercall = jast.Return(supercall)

        supermethod = jast.Method(supername,
                                  jast.Modifier.ModifierString(access), args,
                                  jast.Block([supercall]), throws)
        self.statements.append(supermethod)
        return
Esempio n. 3
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    def dumpCodes(self):
        self.constants.append([
            "PyFunctionTable",
            self.getFunctionTable(),
            jast.New(self.name, [])
        ])

        for label, name, code, frame in self.codes:
            code = frame.toCellPrepend(code)

            funcid = self.addFunctionCode(name, code)

            arglist = keyworddict = jast. False
            if frame.args_arglist():
                arglist = jast. True
            if frame.args_keyworddict():
                keyworddict = jast. True

            names = jast.StringArray(frame.getnames())
            cellnames = StringArrayOrNull(frame.getcellnames())
            freenames = StringArrayOrNull(frame.getfreenames())
            npurecell = frame.get_npurecell()

            cargs = [
                jast.IntegerConstant(frame.args_count()), names,
                jast.StringConstant(self.filename),
                jast.StringConstant(name), arglist, keyworddict,
                self.getFunctionTable(),
                jast.IntegerConstant(funcid), cellnames, freenames,
                jast.IntegerConstant(npurecell),
                jast.IntegerConstant((frame.opt_globals and CO_OPTIMIZED) | (
                    frame.scope.nested_scopes and CO_NESTED))
            ]
            newcode = jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "newCode", cargs)
            self.constants.append(("PyCode", jast.Identifier(label), newcode))
Esempio n. 4
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    def for_stmt(self, index, sequence, body, else_body=None):
        counter = self.frame.gettemp('int')
        item = self.factory.makePyObject(self.frame.gettemp("PyObject"))
        seq = self.frame.gettemp("PyObject")

        init = []
        init.append(jast.Set(counter, jast.IntegerConstant(0)))
        init.append(jast.Set(seq, self.visit(sequence).asAny()))

        counter_inc = jast.PostOperation(counter, '++')

        test = jast.Set(item.asAny(),
                        jast.Invoke(seq, "__finditem__", [counter_inc]))
        test = jast.Operation('!=', test, jast.Identifier('null'))

        suite = []
        suite.append(self.set(index, item))
        suite.append(self.visit(body))
        suite = jast.Block(suite)

        if else_body is not None:
            else_body = jast.Block(self.visit(else_body))
            wtmp = self.frame.gettemp('boolean')
            ret = [init, jast.WhileElse(test, suite, else_body, wtmp)]
            self.frame.freetemp(wtmp)
            return ret
        else:
            return [init, jast.While(test, suite)]
Esempio n. 5
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 def makeClassFile(self):
     header = []
     if self.package is not None:
         header.append(jast.Identifier("package %s" % self.package))
         header.append(jast.Blank)
     header.append(jast.Import("org.python.core.*"))
     header.append(jast.Blank)
     return jast.FreeBlock([header, self.makeClass()])
Esempio n. 6
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    def getConstant(self, value, code, prefix):
        if self.constantValues.has_key((value, prefix)):
            return self.constantValues[(value, prefix)]

        name = prefix + "$" + str(len(self.constants))
        ret = jast.Identifier(name)
        self.constantValues[(value, prefix)] = ret
        self.constants.append(("PyObject", ret, code))
        return ret
Esempio n. 7
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    def callConstructor(self, access, sig, throws=[], dosuper=1):
        args = []
        argids = []
        objects = []
        throws = filterThrows(throws)
        for c in sig:
            if isinstance(c, TupleType):
                argname = c[1]
                c = c[0]
            else:
                argname = "arg" + str(len(argids))
            args.append((typeName(c), argname))
            argid = jast.Identifier(argname)
            argids.append(argid)
            objects.append(makeObject(argid, c))

        objects = jast.FilledArray("Object", objects)

        stmts = []
        this = jast.Identifier("this")

        if dosuper:
            supercall = jast.InvokeLocal("super", argids)
        else:
            supercall = jast.InvokeLocal("super", [])


##          for saccess, ssig in self.jconstructors:
##              if len(ssig) == len(sig):
##                  supercall = jast.InvokeLocal("super", argids)
##                  break
##          else:
##              supercall = jast.InvokeLocal("super", [])

        frozen = self.module.getFrozen()

        initargs = [objects]
        initproxy = jast.InvokeLocal("__initProxy__", initargs)

        code = jast.Block([supercall, initproxy])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Constructor(self.name, jast.Modifier.ModifierString(access),
                             args, code, throws))
Esempio n. 8
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    def addPyProxyInterface(self):
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Declare('private PyInstance', jast.Identifier('__proxy')))
        code = jast.Set(jast.Identifier("__proxy"), jast.Identifier("inst"))
        code = jast.Block([code])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("_setPyInstance", "public",
                        ["void", ("PyInstance", "inst")], code))
        code = jast.Block([jast.Return(jast.Identifier("__proxy"))])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("_getPyInstance", "public", ["PyInstance"], code))

        self.statements.append(
            jast.Declare('private PySystemState',
                         jast.Identifier('__sysstate')))
        code = jast.Set(jast.Identifier("__sysstate"), jast.Identifier("inst"))
        code = jast.Block([code])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("_setPySystemState", "public",
                        ["void", ("PySystemState", "inst")], code))
        code = jast.Block([jast.Return(jast.Identifier("__sysstate"))])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("_getPySystemState", "public", ["PySystemState"],
                        code))

        frozen = self.module.getFrozen()
        this = jast.Identifier("this")
        initargs = [
            this,
            jast.StringConstant(self.modname),
            jast.StringConstant(self.name),
            jast.Identifier("args"), self.packages, self.properties, frozen,
            jast.StringArray(self.modules)
        ]

        initproxy = jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "initProxy", initargs)

        code = jast.Block([initproxy])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("__initProxy__", "public",
                        ["void", ("Object[]", "args")], code))

        self.interfaces.append(org.python.core.PyProxy)
Esempio n. 9
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def wrapThrows(stmt, throws, retType):
    if len(throws) == 0: return stmt
    catches = []
    throwableFound = 0
    for i in range(len(throws)):
        throw = throws[i]
        exctype = throw
        excname = jast.Identifier("exc%d" % i)
        body = jast.Block([jast.Throw(excname)])
        catches.append((exctype, excname, body))
        if throw == "java.lang.Throwable":
            throwableFound = 1

    if not throwableFound:
        body = jast.Block([
            jast.Invoke(jast.Identifier("inst"), "_jthrow",
                        [jast.Identifier("t")]),
            nullReturn(retType)
        ])
        catches.append(("java.lang.Throwable", jast.Identifier("t"), body))
    return jast.TryCatches(jast.Block([stmt]), catches)
Esempio n. 10
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    def getDeclarations(self):
        if len(self.temporaries) == 0:
            return []

        decs = [jast.SimpleComment("Temporary Variables")]
        for type, temps in self.temporaries.items():
            names = []
            for index in range(len(temps)):
                names.append("t$%d$%s" % (index, type.replace("[]", "__")))
            ident = "%s %s" % (type, COMMASPACE.join(names))
            decs.append(jast.Identifier(ident))
        decs.append(jast.Blank)
        return decs 
Esempio n. 11
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    def getNew(self):
        args = [jast.StringConstant(self.name),
                PyObjectArray(self.bases), self.pycode,
                jast.Null]

        if self.isSuperclassJava():
            args.append(jast.Identifier("%s.class" % self.proxyname))

        clos = self.def_compiler.frame.makeClosure(self.scope)
        if clos:
            args.append(PyObjectArray(clos))

        return jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "makeClass", args)
Esempio n. 12
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    def addClassDictInit(self):
        self.interfaces.append(org.python.core.ClassDictInit)

        namelist = jast.InvokeStatic(
            "Py", "java2py", [jast.StringArray(self.supermethods.keys())])

        code = jast.Invoke(jast.Identifier("dict"), "__setitem__",
                           [jast.StringConstant("__supernames__"), namelist])

        code = jast.Block([code])
        self.statements.append(
            jast.Method("classDictInit", "static public",
                        ["void", ("PyObject", "dict")], code))
Esempio n. 13
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    def visitListComp(self, node):
        # Since this code generated here is placed in its own 
        # java method, we need a new set of temp vrbls.
        oldtmps = self.frame.temporaries
        self.frame.temporaries = {}

        lst = self.factory.makeList([])

        lsttmp, lstcode = self.makeTemp(lst)

        append = self.factory.makePyObject(jast.Invoke(lsttmp.asAny(),
                     "__getattr__", [jast.StringConstant("append")]))

        appendtmp, appendcode = self.makeTemp(append)

        self.list_comprehension_count += 1
        tmp_append = "_[%d]" % self.list_comprehension_count
        #tmp_append = "_[1]"


        n = ast.Expr(ast.Call(ast.Name(tmp_append, ast.Name.Load, node), 
                                       [ node.elt ], [], None, None, node),
                                            node);

        for lc in node.generators[::-1]:
            for ifs in lc.ifs[::-1]:
                n = ast.If(ifs, [ n ], None, ifs);
            n = ast.For(lc.target, lc.iter, [ n ], None, lc);
        #visit(new Delete(new exprType[] { new Name(tmp_append, Name.Del) }));

        stmts = [ lstcode ]
        stmts.append(self.set_name(tmp_append, append))
        #stmts.append(appendcode)
        stmts.append(self.visit(n))
        stmts.append(jast.Return(lsttmp.asAny()))

        decs = self.frame.getDeclarations()
        if len(decs) != 0:
            stmts.insert(0, decs)

        idx = self.module.addFunctionCode("__listcomprehension", 
              jast.Block(stmts))

        self.freeTemp(lsttmp)
        self.freeTemp(appendtmp)

        self.frame.temporaries = oldtmps

        return self.factory.makePyObject(
                   jast.InvokeLocal("__listcomprehension$%d" % (idx+1), 
                           [jast.Identifier("frame")]))
Esempio n. 14
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    def __init__(self, compiler, scope=None):
        
        self.frame = jast.Identifier("frame")

        self.compiler = compiler

	self.names = {}

        self.temporaries = {}

        self.scope = scope

        self.fast_locals = 0
        self.opt_globals = 0
Esempio n. 15
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    def gettemp(self, type):
        temps = self.gettemps(type)

        index = 0
        while index < len(temps):
            if temps[index] is None:
                break
            index = index + 1
        if index == len(temps):
            temps.append(None)

        tname = "t$%d$%s" % (index, type.replace("[]", "__"))
        temp = jast.Identifier(tname)
        temp.type = type
        temps[index] = temp
        #print 'get temp', index, type, temps
        return temp
Esempio n. 16
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    def dumpInitModule(self):
        meths = []

        dict = jast.Identifier("dict")
        sargs = [
            jast.StringConstant("__name__"),
            jast.New("PyString", [jast.StringConstant(self.name)])
        ]
        rargs = [
            jast.Invoke(jast.New("_PyInner", []), "getMain", []), dict, dict
        ]
        code = jast.Block([
            jast.Invoke(dict, "__setitem__", sargs),
            jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "runCode", rargs)
        ])
        meths.append(
            jast.Method("moduleDictInit", "public static",
                        ["void", ("PyObject", "dict")], code))
        return meths
Esempio n. 17
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    def importfrom_stmt(self, top, names):
        module = self.get_module(top, 0)
        if names == '*':
            return self.importall_stmt(module)
            #print 'import * from', module
            #names = module.dir()

        modnames = []
        asnames = []
        for modname, asname in names:
            if asname is None:
                asname = modname
            asnames.append(asname)
            modnames.append(modname)

        topmodname = jast.StringConstant(".".join(top))
        modnamesArray = jast.FilledArray(
            "String", map(lambda x: jast.StringConstant(x), modnames))

        do_import = jast.InvokeStatic(
            "org.python.core.imp", "importFrom",
            [topmodname, modnamesArray, self.frame.frame])

        if not self.imp_accu:
            imp_accu = self.imp_accu = jast.Identifier("imp_accu")
            self.makeFreeDecl("PyObject[]", imp_accu)
        else:
            imp_accu = self.imp_accu

        stmts = [jast.Set(imp_accu, do_import)]

        for i in range(len(asnames)):
            asname = asnames[i]
            modname = modnames[i]
            code = jast.Subscript(imp_accu, i)
            stmts.append(
                self.set_name(asname,
                              module.getattr(modname).makeReference(code)))

        stmts.append(jast.Set(imp_accu, jast.Null))

        return stmts
Esempio n. 18
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    def list_comprehension(self, node):
        # Since this code generated here is placed in its own
        # java method, we need a new set of temp vrbls.
        oldtmps = self.frame.temporaries
        self.frame.temporaries = {}

        expr = node.getChild(0)
        suite = node.getChild(1)
        lst = self.factory.makeList([])

        lsttmp, lstcode = self.makeTemp(lst)

        append = self.factory.makePyObject(
            jast.Invoke(lsttmp.asAny(), "__getattr__",
                        [jast.StringConstant("append")]))

        appendtmp, appendcode = self.makeTemp(append)

        self.listComprehensionStack.append((appendtmp, expr))

        stmts = [lstcode, appendcode]
        stmts.append(self.visit(suite))
        stmts.append(jast.Return(lsttmp.asAny()))

        decs = self.frame.getDeclarations()
        if len(decs) != 0:
            stmts.insert(0, decs)

        self.listComprehensionStack.pop(-1)

        idx = self.module.addFunctionCode("__listcomprehension",
                                          jast.Block(stmts))

        self.freeTemp(lsttmp)
        self.freeTemp(appendtmp)

        self.frame.temporaries = oldtmps

        return self.factory.makePyObject(
            jast.InvokeLocal("__listcomprehension$%d" % (idx + 1),
                             [jast.Identifier("frame")]))
Esempio n. 19
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    def compile(self, data, filename, name):
        if self.javapackage is not None:
            name = self.javapackage + '.' + name

        data = data + '\n\n'

        mod = PythonModule(name, filename, frozen=self.deep)
        fact = ObjectFactory()
        pi = SrcGenCompiler(mod, fact, options=self.options)
        fact.parent = pi
        code = pi.execstring(data)
        # __file__
        code.insert(
            0,
            jast.Invoke(jast.Identifier('frame'), "setglobal", [
                jast.StringConstant('__file__'),
                mod.getStringConstant(filename)
            ]))
        code.insert(1, jast.BlankLine())
        code = jast.Block(code)
        mod.addMain(code, pi)
        self.addDependencies(mod)
        return mod
Esempio n. 20
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    def visitFor(self, node):
        iter = self.frame.gettemp('PyObject')
        item = self.factory.makePyObject(self.frame.gettemp("PyObject"))
        seq = self.visit(node.iter).asAny() 

        init = []
        init.append(jast.Set(iter, jast.Invoke(seq, "__iter__", [])))

        test = jast.Set(item.asAny(), jast.Invoke(iter, "__iternext__", []))
        test = jast.Operation('!=', test, jast.Identifier('null'))

        suite = []
        suite.append(self.set(node.target, item))
        suite.append(self.suite(node.body))
        suite = jast.Block(suite)

        if node.orelse is not None:
            orelse = jast.Block(self.suite(node.orelse))
            wtmp = self.frame.gettemp('boolean')
            ret = [init, jast.WhileElse(test, suite, orelse, wtmp)]
            self.frame.freetemp(wtmp)
            return ret
        else:
            return [init, jast.While(test, suite)]
Esempio n. 21
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    def dumpMain(self):
        meths = []
        if self.javamain:
            code = []
            newargs = jast.Identifier("newargs")
            code.append(
                jast.Declare("String[]", newargs,
                             jast.NewArray("String", ["args.length+1"])))
            code.append(
                jast.Set(jast.Identifier("newargs[0]"),
                         jast.StringConstant(self.name)))

            args = [
                jast.Identifier('args'),
                jast.IntegerConstant(0),
                jast.Identifier('newargs'),
                jast.IntegerConstant(1),
                jast.Identifier('args.length')
            ]
            code.append(
                jast.InvokeStatic("java.lang.System", "arraycopy", args))

            args = [
                jast.GetStaticAttribute(
                    self.getclassname(self.name + '.' + self.pyinner.name),
                    "class"),
                jast.Identifier('newargs'),
                self.getPackages(qual=1),
                self.getMainProperties(qual=1),
                self.getFrozen(),
                jast.StringArray(self.modules.keys())
            ]

            code.append([jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "runMain", args)])
            maincode = jast.Block(code)
            meths.append(
                jast.Method("main", "public static",
                            ["void", ("String[]", "args")], maincode,
                            ["java.lang.Exception"]))

        return meths
Esempio n. 22
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 def getPackages(self, qual=0):
     if qual:
         return jast.GetStaticAttribute(self.name, "jpy$packages")
     else:
         return jast.Identifier("jpy$packages")
Esempio n. 23
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 def getProxyProperties(self, qual=0):
     if qual:
         return jast.GetStaticAttribute(self.name, "jpy$proxyProperties")
     else:
         return jast.Identifier("jpy$proxyProperties")
Esempio n. 24
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 def getFunctionTable(self):
     return jast.Identifier("funcTable")
Esempio n. 25
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 def getCodeConstant(self, name, code, frame):
     label = "c$%d_%s" % (len(self.codes), legalJavaName(name))
     ret = jast.Identifier(label)
     self.codes.append((label, name, code, frame))
     return ret
Esempio n. 26
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    class Object:
        def __init__(self, code, istypes, astypes):
            self.code = code
            self.istypes = istypes
            self.astypes = astypes

        def isa(self, type):
            if type in self.istypes:
                return self.code

        def asa(self, type):
            if type in self.istypes:
                return self.code

            for astype, ascode in self.astypes:
                if astype == type:
                    return ascode

    one = Object(jast.IntegerConstant(1), [java.lang.Integer.TYPE],
                 [(org.python.core.PyObject, jast.Identifier("one"))])
    foo = Object(
        jast.Identifier("foo"), [org.python.core.PyObject],
        [(java.lang.Integer.TYPE,
          jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "toint", [jast.Identifier("foo")]))])

    print f.invoke(foo, [one])
    print f.invoke(foo, [foo])

    print call(org.python.core.Py.py2int, [one])
Esempio n. 27
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    def visitTryExcept(self, node):
        if node.orelse is not None:
            elseBool = self.frame.gettemp("boolean")

        jbody = jast.Block(self.suite(node.body))
        tests = []
        ifelse = None

        tname = jast.Identifier("x$%d" % self.nthrowables)
        self.nthrowables = self.nthrowables + 1

        exctmp = self.frame.gettemp("PyException")
        setexc = jast.Set(exctmp, jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "setException",
                                                    [tname, self.frame.frame]))

        for exchandler in node.handlers:
            if exchandler.type is None:
                ifelse = jast.Block(self.suite(exchandler.body))
                continue

            type = self.visit(exchandler.type)
            t = jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "matchException",
                                  [exctmp, type.asAny()])
            newbody = []

            if exchandler.name is not None:
                exceptionValue = self.factory.makePyObject(
                    jast.GetInstanceAttribute(exctmp, "value"))
                newbody.append(self.set(exchandler.name, exceptionValue))

            #print self.visit(ebody)
            newbody.append(self.suite(exchandler.body))
            #print newbody
            #print jast.Block(newbody)
            tests.append( (t, jast.Block(newbody)) )

        if ifelse is None:
            ifelse = jast.Throw(exctmp)

        if len(tests) == 0:
            catchBody = ifelse
        else:
            catchBody = jast.MultiIf(tests, ifelse)

        catchBody = [setexc, catchBody]
   
        if node.orelse is not None:
            catchBody = [jast.Set(elseBool, jast.False), catchBody]

        catchBody = jast.Block([catchBody])

        self.frame.freetemp(exctmp)

        ret = jast.TryCatch(jbody, "Throwable", tname, catchBody)

        if node.orelse is not None:
            ret = jast.Block([jast.Set(elseBool, jast.True), ret, 
                              jast.If(elseBool,
                                      jast.Block(self.suite(node.orelse)))])
            self.frame.freetemp(elseBool)

        return ret
Esempio n. 28
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    def callMethod(self, name, access, ret, sig, throws=[], dosuper=1):
        args = [typeName(ret)]
        argids = []
        objects = []
        throws = filterThrows(throws)
        for c in sig:
            if isinstance(c, TupleType):
                argname = c[1]
                c = c[0]
            else:
                argname = "arg" + str(len(argids))
            args.append((typeName(c), argname))
            argid = jast.Identifier(argname)
            argids.append(argid)
            objects.append(makeObject(argid, c))

        objects = jast.FilledArray("Object", objects)

        stmts = []
        this = jast.Identifier("this")

        if isinstance(access, IntType) and isAbstract(access):
            dosuper = 0
            access = access & ~ABSTRACT

        if not dosuper and not self.isAdapter:
            getattr = jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "jgetattr",
                                        [this, jast.StringConstant(name)])
        else:
            getattr = jast.InvokeStatic("Py", "jfindattr",
                                        [this, jast.StringConstant(name)])

        inst = jast.Identifier("inst")
        if len(throws) == 0:
            jcall = "_jcall"
        else:
            jcall = "_jcallexc"

        jcall = makeReturn(jast.Invoke(inst, jcall, [objects]), ret)
        jcall = wrapThrows(jcall, throws, ret)

        if dosuper:
            supercall = jast.Invoke(jast.Identifier("super"), name, argids)
            if ret != Void.TYPE:
                supercall = jast.Return(supercall)

            supermethod = None
            if not self.issuperproxy and name not in self.getCandSupermethods(
                    incl=0):
                supermethod = jast.Method("super__" + name,
                                          jast.Modifier.ModifierString(access),
                                          args, jast.Block([supercall]),
                                          throws)
                self.supermethods["super__" + name] = "super__" + name
        else:
            if self.isAdapter:
                supercall = nullReturn(ret)
            else:
                supercall = None
            supermethod = None

        if not dosuper and not self.isAdapter:
            test = jcall
        else:
            test = jast.If(jast.Operation("!=", inst, jast.Null), jcall,
                           supercall)
        code = jast.Block([jast.Declare("PyObject", inst, getattr), test])

        meth = jast.Method(name, jast.Modifier.ModifierString(access), args,
                           code, throws)

        if supermethod is not None:
            self.statements.append(supermethod)

        self.statements.append(meth)
Esempio n. 29
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        ret = JavaString()
    elif type == org.python.core.PyObject:
        ret = PyObject()
    elif type == org.python.core.PyString:
        ret = PyObject()
    else:
        ret = JavaObject(type)

    types[type] = ret
    return ret


Generic = findType(org.python.core.PyObject)
IntType = findType(java.lang.Integer.TYPE)
StringType = findType(java.lang.String)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    foo = Object(jast.Identifier("foo"), Generic)
    one = Object(jast.IntegerConstant(1), IntType)
    hello = Object(jast.StringConstant("hello"), StringType)

    print foo, one, hello
    print foo.binop("add", foo)
    print foo.binop("add", one)
    print foo.binop("add", hello)
    print foo.nonzero()
    print foo.getitem(foo)
    print foo.getitem(one)
    print foo.call([one, hello])
    print foo.call([one, hello, foo])