def calculate_lower_mutual_information(layeroutput, PXs, PYs, unique_inverse_x,
unique_inverse_y):
"Calculate mutual information based on lower bound"
noise_variance = 1e-3
h_lower = kde.entropy_estimator_bd(
layeroutput, noise_variance
) #Calculated marginal entropy based on Bhattacharyaa distance
h_condition_on_data = kde.kde_condentropy(
layeroutput, noise_variance
) # Calculate conditional entropy of T given X based on assumption of Gaussian Distribution
nats2bits = 1.0 / np.log(2)
h_condition_on_label = 0
for i in range(len(PYs)): # Calculate conditional entropy of T given Y
hcond_lower = kde.entropy_estimator_bd(
layeroutput[unique_inverse_y == i], noise_variance)
h_condition_on_label += PYs[i] * hcond_lower
local_IXT = nats2bits * (h_lower - h_condition_on_data
) # I(X;T)=H(T)-H(T|X)
local_ITY = nats2bits * (h_lower - h_condition_on_label
) # I(Y;T)=H(T)-H(T|Y)
return local_IXT, local_ITY
def mutual_information_kde(X, Y, sig=0.01):
np.random.seed(None)
X += np.random.normal(0, sig, (len(X), len(X[0])))
X = abs(X)
if not lower:
h_t_given_y += pys1[i] * kde.entropy_estimator_kl(
tf.convert_to_tensor(data_given_y[i]), sig)
else:
h_t_given_y += pys1[i] * kde.entropy_estimator_bd(
tf.convert_to_tensor(data_given_y[i]), sig)
datatf = tf.convert_to_tensor(data)
if not lower:
data_entropy = kde.entropy_estimator_kl(datatf, sig)
else:
data_entropy = kde.entropy_estimator_bd(datatf, sig)
local_IXT = data_entropy - kde.kde_condentropy(data, sig)
local_ITY = data_entropy - h_t_given_y
sess = tf.Session()
mi1, mi2 = sess.run([local_IXT, local_ITY])
sess.close()
params = {}
final_mi = mi1 / np.log(2)
return final_mi
def calculate_lower_mutual_information(layeroutput,PXs, PYs,unique_inverse_x,unique_inverse_y,bins):
noise_variance = 1e-3
# Compute marginal entropies
# h_upper=kde.entropy_estimator_kl(layeroutput, noise_variance)
h_lower=kde.entropy_estimator_bd(layeroutput, noise_variance)
h_condition_on_data=kde.kde_condentropy(layeroutput, noise_variance)
nats2bits = 1.0/np.log(2)
h_condition_on_label=0
for i in range(len(PYs)):
hcond_lower = kde.entropy_estimator_bd(layeroutput[unique_inverse_y==i],noise_variance)
h_condition_on_label += PYs[i] * hcond_lower
local_IXT=nats2bits*(h_lower-h_condition_on_data)
local_ITY=nats2bits*(h_lower-h_condition_on_label)
# init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
# sess = tf.Session()
# sess.run(init)
# local_IXT=local_IXT.eval(sess)
# local_ITY=local_ITY.eval(sess)
# print('KDEI(X;T) is:'+str(local_IXT),'KDEI(Y;T) is:'+str(local_ITY))
# with sess.as_default():
# local_IXT=nats2bits*(h_lower-h_condition_on_data).eval()
# local_ITY=nats2bits*(h_lower-h_condition_on_label).eval()
return local_IXT,local_ITY
def calculate_mutual_information(layeroutput, PXs, PYs, unique_inverse_x,
unique_inverse_y):
"Calculate mutual information based on uppper bound"
noise_variance = 1e-3 # The variance of noise added in estimator according to Kolchinsky and Tracey, Nonlinear Information Bottleneck, 2017. Eq. 10
h_upper = kde.entropy_estimator_kl(
layeroutput,
noise_variance) #Calculate marginal entropy based on KL divergence
h_lower = kde.entropy_estimator_bd(
layeroutput, noise_variance
) #Calculated marginal entropy based on Bhattacharyaa distance
h_condition_on_data = kde.kde_condentropy(
layeroutput, noise_variance
) # Calculate conditional entropy of T given X based on assumption of Gaussian Distribution
nats2bits = 1.0 / np.log(2)
h_condition_on_label = 0
for i in range(len(PYs)): # Calculate conditional entropy of T given Y
hcond_upper = kde.entropy_estimator_kl(
layeroutput[unique_inverse_y == i], noise_variance)
h_condition_on_label += PYs[i] * hcond_upper
local_IXT = nats2bits * (h_upper - h_condition_on_data
) # I(X;T)=H(T)-H(T|X)
local_ITY = nats2bits * (h_upper - h_condition_on_label
) # I(Y;T)=H(T)-H(T|Y)
return local_IXT, local_ITY
#ARCH = '32-28-24-20-16-12-8-8'
DIR_TEMPLATE = '%%s_%s' % ARCH
# Functions to return upper and lower bounds on entropy of layer activity
noise_variance = 1e-3 # Added Gaussian noise variance
binsize = 0.07 # size of bins for binning method
Klayer_activity = K.placeholder(ndim=2) # Keras placeholder
entropy_func_upper = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_kl(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
entropy_func_lower = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_bd(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
# nats to bits conversion factor
nats2bits = 1.0 / np.log(2)
# Save indexes of tests data for each of the output classes
saved_labelixs = {}
y = tst.y
Y = tst.Y
if FULL_MI:
full = utils.construct_full_dataset(trn, tst)
y = full.y
Y = full.Y
import kde
import keras.backend as K
import numpy as np
Y_samples = K.placeholder(ndim=2)
noise_variance = 0.05
entropy_func_upper = K.function([
Y_samples,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_kl(Y_samples, noise_variance),
])
entropy_func_lower = K.function([
Y_samples,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_bd(Y_samples, noise_variance),
])
data = np.random.random(size=(1000, 20)) # N x dims
H_Y_given_X = kde.kde_condentropy(data, noise_variance)
H_Y_upper = entropy_func_upper([
data,
])[0]
H_Y_lower = entropy_func_lower([
data,
])[0]
print("Upper bound: %0.3f nats" % (H_Y_upper - H_Y_given_X))
print("Lower bound: %0.3f nats" % (H_Y_lower - H_Y_given_X))
# Alternative calculation, direct from distance matrices
def computeMI(id):
train, test = utils.get_IB_data('2017_12_21_16_51_3_275766')
# For both train and test musr correspond with saving code
FULL_MI = True
# MI Measure
infoplane_measure = 'bin'
DO_SAVE = True
DO_LOWER = (infoplane_measure == 'lower')
DO_BINNED = (infoplane_measure == 'bin')
MAX_EPOCHS = 5000
NUM_LABELS = 2
COLORBAR_MAX_EPOCHS = 5000
# Directory For Loading saved Data
ARCH = '10-7-5-4-3'
DIR_TEMPLATE = '%%s_%s' % ARCH
noise_variance = 1e-3
binsize = 0.07
Klayer_activity = K.placeholder(ndim=2)
entropy_func_upper = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_kl(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
entropy_func_lower = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_bd(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
# Nats to bits conversion
nats2bits = 1.0 / np.log(2)
# Indexes of tests data for each of Output Classes
saved_labelixs = {}
y = test.y
Y = test.Y
if FULL_MI:
full = utils.construct_full_dataset(train, test)
y = full.y
Y = full.Y
for i in range(NUM_LABELS):
saved_labelixs[i] = (y == i)
labelprobs = np.mean(Y, axis=0)
# Layers to plot, None for all
PLOT_LAYERS = None
# Store Results
measures = OrderedDict()
measures['tanh'] = {}
measures['relu'] = {}
for activation in measures.keys():
cur_dir = 'rawdata/' + DIR_TEMPLATE % activation
if not os.path.exists(cur_dir):
print("Directory %s not found" % cur_dir)
continue
print("******* Loading %s ******" % cur_dir)
for epochfile in sorted(os.listdir(cur_dir)):
if not epochfile.startswith('epoch'):
continue
fname = cur_dir + '/' + epochfile
with open(fname, 'rb') as f:
d = cPickle.load(f)
epoch = d['epoch']
if epoch in measures[activation]:
continue
if epoch > MAX_EPOCHS:
continue
print("Measureing ", fname)
num_layers = len(d['data']['activity_tst'])
if PLOT_LAYERS is None:
PLOT_LAYERS = []
for lndx in range(num_layers):
PLOT_LAYERS.append(lndx)
cepochdata = defaultdict(list)
for lndx in range(num_layers):
activity = d['data']['activity_tst'][lndx]
h_upper = entropy_func_upper([
activity,
])[0]
if DO_LOWER:
h_lower = entropy_func_lower()
hM_given_X = kde.kde_condentropy(activity, noise_variance)
hM_given_Y_upper = 0
for i in range(NUM_LABELS):
hcond_upper = entropy_func_upper([
activity[saved_labelixs[i], :],
])[0]
hM_given_Y_upper += labelprobs[i] * hcond_upper
if DO_LOWER:
hM_given_Y_lower = 0
for i in range(NUM_LABELS):
hcond_lower = entropy_func_lower([
activity[saved_labelixs[i], :],
])[0]
hM_given_Y_lower += labelprobs[i] * hcond_lower
cepochdata['MI_XM_upper'].append(nats2bits *
(h_upper - hM_given_X))
cepochdata['MI_YM_upper'].append(nats2bits *
(h_upper - hM_given_Y_upper))
cepochdata['H_M_upper'].append(nats2bits * h_upper)
pstr = 'upper: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_upper'][-1],
cepochdata['MI_YM_upper'][-1])
if DO_LOWER:
cepochdata['MI_XM_lower'].append(nats2bits *
(h_lower - hM_given_X))
cepochdata['MI_YM_lower'].append(
nats2bits * (h_lower - hM_given_Y_lower))
cepochdata['H_M_lower'].append(nats2bits * h_lower)
pstr += 'lower: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_lower'][-1],
cepochdata['MI_YM_lower'][-1])
if DO_BINNED:
binxm, binym = simplebinmi.bin_calc_information2(
saved_labelixs, activity, binsize)
cepochdata['MI_XM_bin'].append(nats2bits * binxm)
cepochdata['MI_YM_bin'].append(nats2bits * binym)
pstr += 'bin: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_bin'][-1],
cepochdata['MI_YM_bin'][-1])
print('- Layer %d %s' % (lndx, pstr))
measures[activation][epoch] = cepochdata
with open("MI" + str(id), 'wb') as f:
cPickle.dump(measures, f)
r = model.fit(x=trn.X, y=trn.Y,
verbose = 2,
batch_size = args.batch_size,
epochs = args.num_epochs,
initial_epoch = args.start-1,
validation_data=(tst.X, tst.Y),
callbacks = [reporter, saver, scheduler, visualizer])
# Which measure to plot
infoplane_measures = ['bin', 'upper', 'lower']
# Functions to return upper and lower bounds on entropy of layer activity
noise_variance = 1e-1 # Added Gaussian noise variance
Klayer_activity = K.placeholder(ndim=2) # Keras placeholder
entropy_func_upper = K.function([Klayer_activity,], [kde.entropy_estimator_kl(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),])
entropy_func_lower = K.function([Klayer_activity,], [kde.entropy_estimator_bd(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),])
# nats to bits conversion factor
nats2bits = 1.0/np.log(2)
# Save indexes of tests data for each of the output classes
saved_labelixs = {}
for i in range(10):
saved_labelixs[i] = tst.y == i
labelprobs = np.mean(tst.Y, axis=0)
PLOT_LAYERS = None # Which layers to plot. If None, all saved layers are plotted
# Data structure used to store results
measures = OrderedDict()
def plot_results(tst, cur_dir, model_name):
infoplane_measure = 'bin'
DO_SAVE = True # Whether to save plots or just show them
DO_LOWER = (infoplane_measure == 'lower'
) # Whether to compute lower bounds also
DO_BINNED = (infoplane_measure == 'bin'
) # Whether to compute MI estimates based on binning
MAX_EPOCHS = 1000 # Max number of epoch for which to compute mutual information measure
COLORBAR_MAX_EPOCHS = 1000
noise_variance = 1e-1 # Added Gaussian noise variance
Klayer_activity = K.placeholder(ndim=2) # Keras placeholder
entropy_func_upper = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_kl(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
entropy_func_lower = K.function([
Klayer_activity,
], [
kde.entropy_estimator_bd(Klayer_activity, noise_variance),
])
# nats to bits conversion factor
nats2bits = 1.0 / np.log(2)
# Save indexes of tests data for each of the output classes
saved_labelixs = {}
for i in range(150):
saved_labelixs[i] = tst.y == i
labelprobs = np.mean(tst.Y, axis=0)
PLOT_LAYERS = None # Which layers to plot. If None, all saved layers are plotted
# Data structure used to store results
measures = OrderedDict()
measures['relu'] = {}
for epochfile in sorted(os.listdir(cur_dir)):
if not epochfile.startswith('epoch'):
break
fname = cur_dir + "/" + epochfile
with open(fname, 'rb') as f:
d = pickle.load(f)
epoch = d['epoch']
num_layers = len(d['data']['activity_tst'])
if PLOT_LAYERS is None:
PLOT_LAYERS = []
for lndx in range(num_layers):
PLOT_LAYERS.append(lndx)
cepochdata = defaultdict(list)
for lndx in range(num_layers):
activity = d['data']['activity_tst'][lndx]
if len(activity.shape) == 3:
activity = activity[:, 1]
# Compute marginal entropies
h_upper = entropy_func_upper([
activity,
])[0]
if DO_LOWER:
h_lower = entropy_func_lower([
activity,
])[0]
# Layer activity given input. This is simply the entropy of the Gaussian noise
hM_given_X = kde.kde_condentropy(activity, noise_variance)
# Compute conditional entropies of layer activity given output
hM_given_Y_upper = 0.
hcond_upper = entropy_func_upper([
activity[saved_labelixs[i], :],
])[0]
hM_given_Y_upper += labelprobs * hcond_upper
if DO_LOWER:
hM_given_Y_lower = 0.
hcond_lower = entropy_func_lower([
activity[saved_labelixs[i], :],
])[0]
hM_given_Y_lower += labelprobs * hcond_lower
cepochdata['MI_XM_upper'].append(nats2bits *
(h_upper - hM_given_X))
cepochdata['MI_YM_upper'].append(nats2bits *
(h_upper - hM_given_Y_upper))
cepochdata['H_M_upper'].append(nats2bits * h_upper)
pstr = 'upper: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_upper'][-1], cepochdata['MI_YM_upper'][-1])
if DO_LOWER: # Compute lower bounds
cepochdata['MI_XM_lower'].append(nats2bits *
(h_lower - hM_given_X))
cepochdata['MI_YM_lower'].append(nats2bits *
(h_lower - hM_given_Y_lower))
cepochdata['H_M_lower'].append(nats2bits * h_lower)
pstr += ' | lower: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_lower'][-1],
cepochdata['MI_YM_lower'][-1])
if DO_BINNED: # Compute binner estimates
binxm, binym = simplebinmi.bin_calc_information2(
saved_labelixs, activity, 0.5)
cepochdata['MI_XM_bin'].append(nats2bits * binxm)
cepochdata['MI_YM_bin'].append(nats2bits * binym)
pstr += ' | bin: MI(X;M)=%0.3f, MI(Y;M)=%0.3f' % (
cepochdata['MI_XM_bin'][-1], cepochdata['MI_YM_bin'][-1])
measures['relu'][epoch] = cepochdata
sns.set_style('darkgrid')
max_epoch = max(
(max(vals.keys()) if len(vals) else 0) for vals in measures.values())
sm = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(cmap='gnuplot',
norm=plt.Normalize(vmin=0,
vmax=COLORBAR_MAX_EPOCHS))
sm._A = []
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for actndx, (activation, vals) in enumerate(measures.items()):
epochs = sorted(vals.keys())
if not len(epochs):
continue
plt.subplot(1, 2, actndx + 1)
for epoch in epochs:
c = sm.to_rgba(epoch)
xmvals = np.array(vals[epoch]['MI_XM_' +
infoplane_measure])[PLOT_LAYERS]
ymvals = np.array(vals[epoch]['MI_YM_' +
infoplane_measure])[PLOT_LAYERS]
plt.plot(xmvals, ymvals, c=c, alpha=0.1, zorder=1)
plt.scatter(xmvals,
ymvals,
s=20,
facecolors=[c for _ in PLOT_LAYERS],
edgecolor='none',
zorder=2)
plt.ylim([0, 3.5])
plt.xlim([0, 14])
plt.xlabel('I(X;M)')
plt.ylabel('I(Y;M)')
plt.title(activation)
cbaxes = fig.add_axes([1.0, 0.125, 0.03, 0.8])
plt.colorbar(sm, label='Epoch', cax=cbaxes)
plt.tight_layout()
if DO_SAVE:
plt.savefig('plots/' + model_name + "_infoplane.png",
bbox_inches='tight')