def _open_file_or_url(fname):
if is_url(fname):
f = urlopen(fname)
yield _url_lines(f)
f.close()
else:
fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]
with io.open(fname, encoding=encoding) as f:
yield f
def _open_file_or_url(fname):
if is_url(fname):
f = urlopen(fname)
yield _url_lines(f)
f.close()
else:
fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]
with io.open(fname, encoding=encoding) as f:
yield f
def imread(fname, format=None):
"""
Read an image from a file into an array.
*fname* may be a string path, a valid URL, or a Python
file-like object. If using a file object, it must be opened in binary
mode.
If *format* is provided, will try to read file of that type,
otherwise the format is deduced from the filename. If nothing can
be deduced, PNG is tried.
Return value is a :class:`numpy.array`. For grayscale images, the
return array is MxN. For RGB images, the return value is MxNx3.
For RGBA images the return value is MxNx4.
matplotlib can only read PNGs natively, but if `PIL
<http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/>`_ is installed, it will
use it to load the image and return an array (if possible) which
can be used with :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.imshow`. Note, URL strings
may not be compatible with PIL. Check the PIL documentation for more
information.
"""
def pilread(fname):
"""try to load the image with PIL or return None"""
try:
from PIL import Image
except ImportError:
return None
with Image.open(fname) as image:
return pil_to_array(image)
handlers = {'png': _png.read_png, }
if format is None:
if cbook.is_string_like(fname):
parsed = urlparse(fname)
# If the string is a URL, assume png
if len(parsed.scheme) > 1:
ext = 'png'
else:
basename, ext = os.path.splitext(fname)
ext = ext.lower()[1:]
elif hasattr(fname, 'name'):
basename, ext = os.path.splitext(fname.name)
ext = ext.lower()[1:]
else:
ext = 'png'
else:
ext = format
if ext not in handlers:
im = pilread(fname)
if im is None:
raise ValueError('Only know how to handle extensions: %s; '
'with Pillow installed matplotlib can handle '
'more images' % list(six.iterkeys(handlers)))
return im
handler = handlers[ext]
# To handle Unicode filenames, we pass a file object to the PNG
# reader extension, since Python handles them quite well, but it's
# tricky in C.
if cbook.is_string_like(fname):
parsed = urlparse(fname)
# If fname is a URL, download the data
if len(parsed.scheme) > 1:
fd = BytesIO(urlopen(fname).read())
return handler(fd)
else:
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
return handler(fd)
else:
return handler(fname)
def imread(fname, format=None):
"""
Read an image from a file into an array.
*fname* may be a string path, a valid URL, or a Python
file-like object. If using a file object, it must be opened in binary
mode.
If *format* is provided, will try to read file of that type,
otherwise the format is deduced from the filename. If nothing can
be deduced, PNG is tried.
Return value is a :class:`numpy.array`. For grayscale images, the
return array is MxN. For RGB images, the return value is MxNx3.
For RGBA images the return value is MxNx4.
matplotlib can only read PNGs natively, but if `PIL
<http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/>`_ is installed, it will
use it to load the image and return an array (if possible) which
can be used with :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.imshow`. Note, URL strings
may not be compatible with PIL. Check the PIL documentation for more
information.
"""
def pilread(fname):
"""try to load the image with PIL or return None"""
try:
from PIL import Image
except ImportError:
return None
with Image.open(fname) as image:
return pil_to_array(image)
handlers = {'png': _png.read_png, }
if format is None:
if cbook.is_string_like(fname):
parsed = urlparse(fname)
# If the string is a URL, assume png
if len(parsed.scheme) > 1:
ext = 'png'
else:
basename, ext = os.path.splitext(fname)
ext = ext.lower()[1:]
elif hasattr(fname, 'name'):
basename, ext = os.path.splitext(fname.name)
ext = ext.lower()[1:]
else:
ext = 'png'
else:
ext = format
if ext not in handlers:
im = pilread(fname)
if im is None:
raise ValueError('Only know how to handle extensions: %s; '
'with Pillow installed matplotlib can handle '
'more images' % list(six.iterkeys(handlers)))
return im
handler = handlers[ext]
# To handle Unicode filenames, we pass a file object to the PNG
# reader extension, since Python handles them quite well, but it's
# tricky in C.
if cbook.is_string_like(fname):
parsed = urlparse(fname)
# If fname is a URL, download the data
if len(parsed.scheme) > 1:
fd = BytesIO(urlopen(fname).read())
return handler(fd)
else:
with open(fname, 'rb') as fd:
return handler(fd)
else:
return handler(fname)
def fetch_historical_yahoo(ticker,
date1,
date2,
cachename=None,
dividends=False):
"""
Fetch historical data for ticker between date1 and date2. date1 and
date2 are date or datetime instances, or (year, month, day) sequences.
Parameters
----------
ticker : str
ticker
date1 : sequence of form (year, month, day), `datetime`, or `date`
start date
date2 : sequence of form (year, month, day), `datetime`, or `date`
end date
cachename : str
cachename is the name of the local file cache. If None, will
default to the md5 hash or the url (which incorporates the ticker
and date range)
dividends : bool
set dividends=True to return dividends instead of price data. With
this option set, parse functions will not work
Returns
-------
file_handle : file handle
a file handle is returned
Examples
--------
>>> fh = fetch_historical_yahoo('^GSPC', (2000, 1, 1), (2001, 12, 31))
"""
ticker = ticker.upper()
if iterable(date1):
d1 = (date1[1] - 1, date1[2], date1[0])
else:
d1 = (date1.month - 1, date1.day, date1.year)
if iterable(date2):
d2 = (date2[1] - 1, date2[2], date2[0])
else:
d2 = (date2.month - 1, date2.day, date2.year)
if dividends:
g = 'v'
verbose.report('Retrieving dividends instead of prices')
else:
g = 'd'
urlFmt = ('http://ichart.yahoo.com/table.csv?a=%d&b=%d&' +
'c=%d&d=%d&e=%d&f=%d&s=%s&y=0&g=%s&ignore=.csv')
url = urlFmt % (d1[0], d1[1], d1[2], d2[0], d2[1], d2[2], ticker, g)
# Cache the finance data if cachename is supplied, or there is a writable
# cache directory.
if cachename is None and cachedir is not None:
cachename = os.path.join(cachedir, md5(url).hexdigest())
if cachename is not None:
if os.path.exists(cachename):
fh = open(cachename)
verbose.report('Using cachefile %s for '
'%s' % (cachename, ticker))
else:
mkdirs(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(cachename)))
with contextlib.closing(urlopen(url)) as urlfh:
with open(cachename, 'wb') as fh:
fh.write(urlfh.read())
verbose.report('Saved %s data to cache file '
'%s' % (ticker, cachename))
fh = open(cachename, 'r')
return fh
else:
return urlopen(url)
def fetch_historical_yahoo(ticker, date1, date2, cachename=None, dividends=False):
"""
Fetch historical data for ticker between date1 and date2. date1 and
date2 are date or datetime instances, or (year, month, day) sequences.
Parameters
----------
ticker : str
ticker
date1 : sequence of form (year, month, day), `datetime`, or `date`
start date
date2 : sequence of form (year, month, day), `datetime`, or `date`
end date
cachename : str
cachename is the name of the local file cache. If None, will
default to the md5 hash or the url (which incorporates the ticker
and date range)
dividends : bool
set dividends=True to return dividends instead of price data. With
this option set, parse functions will not work
Returns
-------
file_handle : file handle
a file handle is returned
Examples
--------
>>> fh = fetch_historical_yahoo('^GSPC', (2000, 1, 1), (2001, 12, 31))
"""
ticker = ticker.upper()
if iterable(date1):
d1 = (date1[1] - 1, date1[2], date1[0])
else:
d1 = (date1.month - 1, date1.day, date1.year)
if iterable(date2):
d2 = (date2[1] - 1, date2[2], date2[0])
else:
d2 = (date2.month - 1, date2.day, date2.year)
if dividends:
g = "v"
verbose.report("Retrieving dividends instead of prices")
else:
g = "d"
urlFmt = "http://ichart.yahoo.com/table.csv?a=%d&b=%d&" + "c=%d&d=%d&e=%d&f=%d&s=%s&y=0&g=%s&ignore=.csv"
url = urlFmt % (d1[0], d1[1], d1[2], d2[0], d2[1], d2[2], ticker, g)
# Cache the finance data if cachename is supplied, or there is a writable
# cache directory.
if cachename is None and cachedir is not None:
cachename = os.path.join(cachedir, md5(url).hexdigest())
if cachename is not None:
if os.path.exists(cachename):
fh = open(cachename)
verbose.report("Using cachefile %s for " "%s" % (cachename, ticker))
else:
mkdirs(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(cachename)))
with contextlib.closing(urlopen(url)) as urlfh:
with open(cachename, "wb") as fh:
fh.write(urlfh.read())
verbose.report("Saved %s data to cache file " "%s" % (ticker, cachename))
fh = open(cachename, "r")
return fh
else:
return urlopen(url)