def entmax_forward(x, alpha=1.3, dim=None, n_iter=50):
assert alpha > 1 and alpha < 2, 'alpha must be between 1 and 2'
_gp = lambda x, alpha: x ** (alpha - 1)
_gp_inv = lambda x, alpha: mtf.pow(x, (1 / (alpha - 1)))
_p = lambda x, alpha: _gp_inv(mtf.relu(x), alpha)
dim = x.shape[-1] if dim is None else dim
d = dim.size
x = x * (alpha - 1)
max_val = mtf.reduce_max(x, reduced_dim=dim)
tau_lo = max_val - _gp(1, alpha)
tau_hi = max_val - _gp(1 / d, alpha)
f_lo = mtf.reduce_sum(_p(x - tau_lo, alpha), reduced_dim=dim) - 1
dm = tau_hi - tau_lo
for _ in range(n_iter):
dm = dm / 2
tau_m = tau_lo + dm
p_m = _p(x - tau_m, alpha)
f_m = mtf.reduce_sum(p_m, reduced_dim=dim) - 1
mask = mtf.greater_equal((f_m * f_lo), 0)
tau_lo = mtf.where(mask, tau_m, tau_lo)
p_m = p_m / mtf.reduce_sum(p_m, reduced_dim=dim)
return p_m
def entmax_backward(explicit_inputs, all_inputs, forward_operations, outputs, output_grads, alpha = 1.3, dim = None, n_iter = 50):
x, = explicit_inputs
y, = outputs
dY, = output_grads
gppr = mtf.where(mtf.greater(y, 0), mtf.pow(y, (2 - alpha)), mtf.zeros_like(y))
dX = dY * gppr
q = mtf.reduce_sum(dX, reduced_dim = dim) / mtf.reduce_sum(gppr, reduced_dim = dim)
dX = dX - q * gppr
return dX,
def clip_by_global_norm(grads, clip_norm):
"""Clip the grads by global norm."""
global_norm = mtf.sqrt(
mtf.add_n(
[mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(t)) for t in grads if t is not None]))
multiplier = clip_norm / mtf.maximum(global_norm, clip_norm)
clipped_grads = [None if t is None else t * multiplier for t in grads]
return clipped_grads, global_norm
def widedeep(id_hldr, wt_hldr, vocab_dim, embed_dim, outdim, float16=None):
logger.debug("[input tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
id_hldr.name, id_hldr.shape))
logger.debug("[input tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
wt_hldr.name, wt_hldr.shape))
if float16:
embedding_table = mtf.layers.embedding_weights(id_hldr.mesh, vocab_dim,
embed_dim, float16,
"deep_embedding")
deep_output = mtf.gather(embedding_table, id_hldr, vocab_dim)
# deep_output = mtf.layers.embedding(id_hldr, vocab_dim=vocab_dim, output_dim=embed_dim, variable_dtype=float16, name="deep_embedding")
else:
fp32 = mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32)
embedding_table = mtf.layers.embedding_weights(id_hldr.mesh, vocab_dim,
embed_dim, fp32,
"deep_embedding")
deep_output = mtf.gather(embedding_table, id_hldr, vocab_dim)
# deep_output = mtf.layers.embedding(id_hldr, vocab_dim=vocab_dim, output_dim=embed_dim, variable_dtype=fp32, name="deep_embedding")
logger.debug("[output tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
deep_output.name, deep_output.shape))
expend_dim = mtf.Dimension('expend', size=1)
embed_dim_one = mtf.Dimension('embed_dim_one', size=1)
mask = mtf.reshape(
wt_hldr,
new_shape=[wt_hldr.shape.dims[0], wt_hldr.shape.dims[1], expend_dim],
name='mask_reshape')
logger.debug("[output tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
mask.name, mask.shape))
if float16:
wide_output = mtf.layers.embedding(id_hldr,
vocab_dim=vocab_dim,
output_dim=embed_dim_one,
variable_dtype=float16,
name="wide_embedding")
else:
fp32 = mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32)
wide_output = mtf.layers.embedding(id_hldr,
vocab_dim=vocab_dim,
output_dim=embed_dim_one,
variable_dtype=fp32,
name="wide_embedding")
logger.debug("[output tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
wide_output.name, wide_output.shape))
wide_output = wide(wide_output, mask=mask, float16=float16)
deep_output = deep(deep_output, mask=mask, float16=float16)
result = mtf.add(wide_output, deep_output)
result = mtf.reshape(result,
new_shape=[wide_output.shape.dims[0], outdim],
name='result_reshape')
result = mtf.reduce_sum(result, reduced_dim=outdim)
logger.debug("[output tensor] (name,shape):({},{})".format(
result.name, result.shape))
return result, embedding_table
def toy_model(features, mesh):
"""A toy model implemented by mesh tensorlfow."""
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension('batch', FLAGS.batch_size)
hidden_dim = mtf.Dimension('hidden', FLAGS.hidden_size)
io_dim = mtf.Dimension('io', FLAGS.io_size)
x = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, features, mtf.Shape([batch_dim, io_dim]))
h = mtf.layers.dense(x, hidden_dim, name='layer1', use_bias=False)
y = mtf.layers.dense(h, io_dim, name='layer2', use_bias=False)
loss = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(y - x))
return y, loss
def get_masked_lm_output(self, positions, label_ids, label_weights):
"""Get loss and logits for the masked LM."""
input_tensor = self.get_sequence_output()
output_weights = self.get_embedding_table()
# [batch_size, num_position, hidden]
input_tensor = mtf.gather(input_tensor, positions, self.seq_dim)
with tf.variable_scope("cls/predictions"):
# We apply one more non-linear transformation before the output layer.
# This matrix is not used after pre-training.
with tf.variable_scope("transform"):
input_tensor = mtf.layers.dense(
input_tensor,
reduced_dims=[self.model_dim],
new_dims=[self.model_dim],
activation=get_activation(self.config.feedforward_intermediate_act),
kernel_initializer=self.dense_initializer,
use_bias=self.config.use_bias)
input_tensor = self.normalize(input_tensor)
# The output weights are the same as the input embeddings, but there is
# an output-only bias for each token.
output_bias = mtf.get_variable(
input_tensor.mesh,
name="output_bias",
shape=[self.vocab_dim],
initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
logits = mtf.einsum([input_tensor, output_weights],
reduced_dims=[self.model_dim]) + output_bias
per_example_loss = mtf.layers.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
logits, label_ids, self.vocab_dim, z_loss=1e-4)
# The `positions` tensor might be zero-padded (if the sequence is too
# short to have the maximum number of predictions). The `label_weights`
# tensor has a value of 1.0 for every real prediction and 0.0 for the
# padding predictions.
numerator = mtf.reduce_sum(label_weights * per_example_loss)
denominator = mtf.reduce_sum(label_weights) + mtf.constant(
input_tensor.mesh, 1e-5, dtype=tf.float32)
loss = numerator / denominator
return (loss, per_example_loss, logits)
def compute_loss(self, decoder, hidden, targets, context):
"""Computes the loss during training."""
logits = self._embedding.hidden_to_logits(hidden, context=context)
soft_targets = mtf.one_hot(targets - self._start_token_id,
self._vocab_dim,
dtype=context.activation_dtype)
loss = mtf.layers.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
logits, soft_targets, self._vocab_dim, z_loss=decoder.z_loss)
padding_mask = mtf.layers.weights_nonzero(
targets, dtype=context.activation_dtype)
return (mtf.reduce_sum(loss * padding_mask) /
decoder.loss_denominator(targets, context.num_microbatches))
def cond_fn(position, ids, *unused_states):
"""Should we run another loop iteration?"""
past_end = mtf.greater_equal(position, length_dim.size)
if max_steps:
past_end = mtf.logical_or(
past_end, mtf.greater_equal(position - initial_position, max_steps))
is_done = past_end
if stop_at_token is not None:
eos_count = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_int32(mtf.equal(ids, stop_at_token)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
has_additional_eos = mtf.greater(eos_count, partial_sequences_eos_count)
is_done = mtf.logical_or(is_done, has_additional_eos)
all_done = mtf.reduce_all(is_done)
return mtf.logical_not(all_done)
def compute_loss(self, decoder: transformer.Unitransformer,
hidden: mtf.Tensor, targets: mtf.Tensor,
context: transformer.Context) -> mtf.Tensor:
"""Returns the loss without computing a softmax over the entire vocab."""
loss = 0
tail_cluster_masks = []
for cluster in self._tail_clusters:
cluster_mask = cluster.get_cluster_mask(targets)
tail_cluster_masks.append(cluster_mask)
if cluster.length_projection_factor == 1:
targets_in_cluster = mtf.where(cluster_mask, targets, 0)
hidden_in_cluster = mtf.where(cluster_mask, hidden, 0)
else:
# TODO(mmatena): Unfold the batch dim to get a super long sequence dim
# to reduce the risk of overflowing the projection.
proj_to_cluster_len = cluster.get_project_to_cluster_length(
cluster_mask, dtype=targets.dtype)
targets_in_cluster = mtf.einsum(
[proj_to_cluster_len, targets],
reduced_dims=[targets.shape.get_dim_by_name("length")])
hidden_in_cluster = mtf.einsum(
[mtf.cast(proj_to_cluster_len, hidden.dtype), hidden],
reduced_dims=[hidden.shape.get_dim_by_name("length")])
loss += cluster.compute_loss(decoder, hidden_in_cluster,
targets_in_cluster, context)
tail_clusters_dim = mtf.Dimension("tail_clusters",
len(tail_cluster_masks))
tail_node_targets = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.stack([(self._head_cluster.end_token_id + i) *
mtf.cast(mask, targets.dtype)
for i, mask in enumerate(tail_cluster_masks)],
tail_clusters_dim.name),
reduced_dim=tail_clusters_dim)
head_targets = mtf.where(mtf.cast(tail_node_targets, tf.bool),
tail_node_targets, targets)
loss += self._head_cluster.compute_loss(decoder, hidden, head_targets,
context)
return loss
def model_fn(nc=64, batch_size=1):
"""
Example of function implementing a CNN and returning a value.
"""
# Create the mesh TF graph
graph = mtf.Graph()
mesh = mtf.Mesh(graph, "my_mesh")
# Define the named dimensions
n_block_x = 4
n_block_y = 2
n_block_z = 1
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size`)
nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('nx_block', n_block_x)
ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('ny_block', n_block_y)
nz_dim = mtf.Dimension('nz_block', n_block_z)
sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('sx_block', nc//n_block_x)
sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('sy_block', nc//n_block_y)
sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('sz_block', nc//n_block_z)
image_c_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_c', 3)
hidden_dim = mtf.Dimension('h', 128)
# Create some input data
data = mtf.random_uniform(mesh, [batch_dim, nx_dim, ny_dim, nz_dim,
sx_dim, sy_dim, sz_dim,
image_c_dim])
net = mtf.layers.conv3d_with_blocks(data, hidden_dim,
filter_size=(3, 3, 3), strides=(1, 1, 1), padding='SAME',
d_blocks_dim=nx_dim, h_blocks_dim=ny_dim)
net = mtf.reduce_sum(net, output_shape=[batch_dim, hidden_dim] )
return net
def entmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits, targets, vocab_dim, z_loss=0.0):
if targets.dtype.is_integer:
# hard targets
if (set(targets.shape.dims) != set(logits.shape.dims).difference([vocab_dim])):
raise ValueError(
"softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits with hard targets "
"dims in targets=%s should be dims in logits=%s other than "
"vocab_dim=%s" % (targets, logits, vocab_dim))
targets = mtf.one_hot(targets, vocab_dim, dtype=logits.dtype)
elif set(targets.shape.dims) != set(logits.shape.dims):
raise ValueError(
"softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits with soft targets "
"dims in targets=%s should be dims in logits=%s" % (targets, logits))
if vocab_dim not in logits.shape.dims:
raise ValueError("vocab_dim must be in logits.shape.dims")
log_entmax = mtf.log(entmax(logits, dim=vocab_dim))
loss = mtf.negative(
mtf.reduce_sum(log_entmax * targets, reduced_dim=vocab_dim))
return loss
def _switch_gating(inputs,
outer_expert_dims,
experts_dim,
expert_capacity_dim,
hparams,
train,
variable_dtype,
importance=None,
name="switch_gating",
num_microbatches=None):
"""Compute a switch top-1 gating with no-token-left behind behavior."""
# SELECT EXPERT
if train:
policy = hparams.moe_rand_1_policy_train
else:
policy = hparams.moe_rand_1_policy_eval
# Input perturbations
if train and policy == "input_jitter":
inputs = mtf.layers.multiplicative_jitter(inputs, hparams.moe_rand_1_jitter)
gate_logits = mtf.layers.dense(
inputs,
experts_dim,
use_bias=False,
expert_dims=outer_expert_dims,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name=name)
raw_gates = mtf.softmax(gate_logits, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
# The internals of this function run in float32.
# bfloat16 seems to reduce quality.
raw_gates = mtf.to_float(raw_gates)
# Top-k operation
k_dim = mtf.Dimension("k", hparams.moe_switch_top_k)
expert_gate, expert_index = mtf.top_k(
raw_gates, reduced_dim=experts_dim, k_dim=k_dim)
expert_mask = mtf.one_hot(expert_index, experts_dim)
# LOAD BALANCING LOSS
outer_batch_dim = inputs.shape[0]
batch_dim = inputs.shape[1]
group_size_dim = inputs.shape[-2]
density_1 = mtf.reduce_mean(expert_mask, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
density_1_proxy = mtf.reduce_mean(raw_gates, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
if importance is not None:
expert_mask *= mtf.cast(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
expert_gate *= mtf.cast(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
density_1_proxy *= mtf.cast(
mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
loss = (
mtf.reduce_mean(density_1_proxy * density_1) *
float(experts_dim.size * experts_dim.size))
if num_microbatches and num_microbatches > 1:
tf.logging.info("Dividing load-balance loss by num_microbatches={}".format(
num_microbatches))
loss /= num_microbatches
# Logging
if train:
entropy = mtf.reduce_sum(
-raw_gates * mtf.log(raw_gates + 1e-9), reduced_dim=experts_dim)
batch_entropy = mtf.reduce_mean(entropy)
mtf.scalar_summary(name + "/entropy", batch_entropy)
mask_count_experts = mtf.reduce_sum(expert_mask, output_shape=[experts_dim])
total_routed = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_count_experts)
expert_fraction = mtf.to_float(mask_count_experts / total_routed)
split_fractions = mtf.split(
expert_fraction,
split_dim=experts_dim,
num_or_size_splits=experts_dim.size)
for fraction in split_fractions:
mtf.scalar_summary("experts/" + fraction.name.replace(":", "/"),
mtf.reduce_mean(fraction))
mtf.scalar_summary("aux_loss", mtf.reduce_mean(loss))
# COMPUTE ASSIGNMENT TO EXPERT
# Iteratively route tokens (no-token-left-behind). The idea is to route as
# many tokens as possible to top-i before then trying top-(i+1).
top_k_masks = mtf.split(
expert_mask, split_dim=k_dim, num_or_size_splits=k_dim.size)
top_k_gates = mtf.split(
expert_gate, split_dim=k_dim, num_or_size_splits=k_dim.size)
top_k_indices = mtf.split(
expert_index, split_dim=k_dim, num_or_size_splits=k_dim.size)
# Tensors cumulative values over the iterative process.
combine_tensor = mtf.constant(
inputs.mesh,
value=0,
shape=[outer_batch_dim, batch_dim, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim])
cum_tokens = mtf.constant(
inputs.mesh, value=0, shape=[outer_batch_dim, batch_dim, experts_dim])
tokens_left_to_route = mtf.constant(
inputs.mesh, value=1., shape=[outer_batch_dim, batch_dim, group_size_dim])
expert_capacity_float = float(expert_capacity_dim.size)
for (top_i_mask, top_i_gate, top_i_index) in zip(top_k_masks, top_k_gates,
top_k_indices):
top_i_mask = mtf.reshape(
top_i_mask,
new_shape=[outer_batch_dim, batch_dim, group_size_dim, experts_dim])
# Operate only on the unrouted tokens.
top_i_mask *= tokens_left_to_route
# Record cumulative number of tokens to each expert across iterations.
cumulative_tokens_in_expert = cum_tokens + mtf.cumsum(
top_i_mask, group_size_dim)
expert_overflow = mtf.to_float(
mtf.less_equal(cumulative_tokens_in_expert, expert_capacity_float))
output_i_tokens = top_i_mask * expert_overflow
# Update the cumulative tokens routed to each expert.
cum_tokens += mtf.reduce_sum(output_i_tokens, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
tokens_left_to_route -= (
mtf.reduce_sum(output_i_tokens, reduced_dim=experts_dim))
# Combine-tensor for this iteration
output_i_tokens_flat = mtf.reduce_sum(
output_i_tokens, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
position_in_expert = cumulative_tokens_in_expert - 1
top_i_combine_tensor = (
top_i_gate * output_i_tokens_flat *
mtf.one_hot(top_i_index, experts_dim) *
mtf.one_hot(mtf.to_int32(position_in_expert), expert_capacity_dim))
combine_tensor += top_i_combine_tensor
# Match the inputs dtype.
combine_tensor = mtf.cast(combine_tensor, inputs.dtype)
loss = mtf.cast(loss, inputs.dtype)
dispatch_tensor = mtf.cast(
mtf.cast(combine_tensor, tf.bool), combine_tensor.dtype)
return dispatch_tensor, combine_tensor, loss
def _rand_1_gating(
inputs, outer_expert_dims, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim,
hparams, train, variable_dtype, importance=None, name="rand_1_gating",
num_microbatches=None):
"""Compute a random top-1 gating."""
# SELECT EXPERT
if train:
policy = hparams.moe_rand_1_policy_train
else:
policy = hparams.moe_rand_1_policy_eval
# The internals of this function run in float32.
# bfloat16 seems to reduce quality.
gate_inputs = mtf.to_float(inputs)
# Input perturbations
if train and policy == "input_dropout":
gate_inputs = mtf.dropout(gate_inputs, 1.0 - hparams.moe_rand_1_dropout)
elif train and policy == "input_jitter":
gate_inputs = mtf.layers.multiplicative_jitter(gate_inputs,
hparams.moe_rand_1_jitter)
gate_logits = mtf.layers.dense(
gate_inputs,
experts_dim,
use_bias=False,
expert_dims=outer_expert_dims,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name=name)
raw_gates = mtf.softmax(gate_logits, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
if policy == "argmax" or policy == "input_dropout" or policy == "input_jitter":
expert_gate, expert_index = mtf.top_1(raw_gates, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
elif policy == "sample":
expert_index = mtf.sample_with_temperature(
gate_logits, experts_dim, temperature=hparams.moe_rand_1_temperature)
expert_gate = mtf.gather(raw_gates, expert_index, dim=experts_dim)
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown rand_1 policy %s" % policy)
expert_mask = mtf.one_hot(expert_index, experts_dim, dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
# LOAD BALANCING LOSS
# TODO(liamfedus): Check entropy loss.
group_size_dim = inputs.shape[-2]
density_1 = mtf.reduce_mean(expert_mask, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
density_1_proxy = mtf.reduce_mean(raw_gates, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
if importance is not None:
expert_mask *= mtf.cast(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
expert_gate *= mtf.cast(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
density_1_proxy *= mtf.cast(
mtf.equal(importance, 1.0), dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
loss = (
mtf.reduce_mean(density_1_proxy * density_1) *
float(experts_dim.size * experts_dim.size))
if num_microbatches and num_microbatches > 1:
tf.logging.info("Dividing load-balance loss by num_microbatches={}".format(
num_microbatches))
loss /= num_microbatches
# Logging
if train:
entropy = mtf.reduce_sum(-raw_gates * mtf.log(raw_gates + 1e-9),
reduced_dim=experts_dim)
batch_entropy = mtf.reduce_mean(entropy)
mtf.scalar_summary(name + "/entropy", batch_entropy)
mask_count_experts = mtf.reduce_sum(expert_mask, output_shape=[experts_dim])
total_routed = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_count_experts)
expert_fraction = mtf.to_float(mask_count_experts / total_routed)
split_fractions = mtf.split(
expert_fraction,
split_dim=experts_dim,
num_or_size_splits=experts_dim.size)
for fraction in split_fractions:
mtf.scalar_summary("experts/" + fraction.name.replace(":", "/"),
mtf.reduce_mean(fraction))
mtf.scalar_summary("aux_loss", mtf.reduce_mean(loss))
# COMPUTE ASSIGNMENT TO EXPERT
# Experts have a limited capacity, ensure we do not exceed it. Construct
# the batch indices, to each expert, with position_in_expert
position_in_expert = mtf.cumsum(
expert_mask, group_size_dim, exclusive=True) * expert_mask
position_in_expert = mtf.cast(position_in_expert, dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
# Keep only tokens that fit within expert_capacity.
expert_capacity_float = float(expert_capacity_dim.size)
expert_mask *= mtf.cast(
mtf.less(position_in_expert, expert_capacity_float),
dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
expert_mask_flat = mtf.reduce_sum(expert_mask, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
# Mask out the experts that have overflowed expert capacity. Sparsify the
# expert_gate.
expert_gate *= expert_mask_flat
combine_tensor = (
expert_gate * expert_mask_flat *
mtf.one_hot(expert_index, experts_dim, dtype=raw_gates.dtype) *
mtf.one_hot(
mtf.to_int32(position_in_expert),
expert_capacity_dim,
dtype=raw_gates.dtype))
# Match the inputs dtype.
combine_tensor = mtf.cast(combine_tensor, inputs.dtype)
loss = mtf.cast(loss, inputs.dtype)
dispatch_tensor = mtf.cast(
mtf.cast(combine_tensor, tf.bool), combine_tensor.dtype)
return dispatch_tensor, combine_tensor, loss
def recon_prototype(mesh,
data,
nc=FLAGS.nc,
bs=FLAGS.box_size,
batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size,
a0=FLAGS.a0,
a=FLAGS.af,
nsteps=FLAGS.nsteps,
dtype=tf.float32):
"""
Prototype of function computing LPT deplacement.
Returns output tensorflow and mesh tensorflow tensors
"""
if dtype == tf.float32:
npdtype = "float32"
cdtype = tf.complex64
elif dtype == tf.float64:
npdtype = "float64"
cdtype = tf.complex128
print(dtype, npdtype)
# Compute a few things first, using simple tensorflow
stages = np.linspace(a0, a, nsteps, endpoint=True)
#graph = mtf.Graph()
#mesh = mtf.Mesh(graph, "my_mesh")
# Define the named dimensions
# Parameters of the small scales decomposition
n_block_x = FLAGS.nx
n_block_y = FLAGS.ny
n_block_z = 1
halo_size = FLAGS.hsize
if halo_size >= 0.5 * min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y,
nc // n_block_z):
new_size = int(0.5 *
min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y, nc // n_block_z))
print('WARNING: REDUCING HALO SIZE from %d to %d' %
(halo_size, new_size))
halo_size = new_size
# Parameters of the large scales decomposition
downsampling_factor = 2
lnc = nc // 2**downsampling_factor
fx_dim = mtf.Dimension("nx", nc)
fy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ny", nc)
fz_dim = mtf.Dimension("nz", nc)
tfx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx", nc)
tfy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty", nc)
tfz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz", nc)
# Dimensions of the low resolution grid
x_dim = mtf.Dimension("nx_lr", lnc)
y_dim = mtf.Dimension("ny_lr", lnc)
z_dim = mtf.Dimension("nz_lr", lnc)
tx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx_lr", lnc)
ty_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty_lr", lnc)
tz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz_lr", lnc)
nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('nx_block', n_block_x)
ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('ny_block', n_block_y)
nz_dim = mtf.Dimension('nz_block', n_block_z)
sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('sx_block', nc // n_block_x)
sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('sy_block', nc // n_block_y)
sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('sz_block', nc // n_block_z)
k_dims = [tx_dim, ty_dim, tz_dim]
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size)
klin = np.loadtxt('../flowpm/data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[0]
plin = np.loadtxt('../flowpm/data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[1]
ipklin = iuspline(klin, plin)
pk_dim = mtf.Dimension("npk", len(plin))
pk = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, plin.astype(npdtype), shape=[pk_dim])
# Compute necessary Fourier kernels
kvec = flowpm.kernels.fftk((nc, nc, nc), symmetric=False, dtype=npdtype)
kx = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[0].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[tfx_dim])
ky = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[1].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[tfy_dim])
kz = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[2].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[tfz_dim])
kv = [ky, kz, kx]
# kvec for low resolution grid
kvec_lr = flowpm.kernels.fftk([lnc, lnc, lnc],
symmetric=False,
dtype=npdtype)
kx_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[0].squeeze().astype(npdtype) /
2**downsampling_factor,
shape=[tx_dim])
ky_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[1].squeeze().astype(npdtype) /
2**downsampling_factor,
shape=[ty_dim])
kz_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[2].squeeze().astype(npdtype) /
2**downsampling_factor,
shape=[tz_dim])
kv_lr = [ky_lr, kz_lr, kx_lr]
# kvec for high resolution blocks
padded_sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('padded_sx_block',
nc // n_block_x + 2 * halo_size)
padded_sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('padded_sy_block',
nc // n_block_y + 2 * halo_size)
padded_sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('padded_sz_block',
nc // n_block_z + 2 * halo_size)
kvec_hr = flowpm.kernels.fftk([
nc // n_block_x + 2 * halo_size, nc // n_block_y + 2 * halo_size,
nc // n_block_z + 2 * halo_size
],
symmetric=False,
dtype=npdtype)
kx_hr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_hr[0].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[padded_sx_dim])
ky_hr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_hr[1].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[padded_sy_dim])
kz_hr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_hr[2].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[padded_sz_dim])
kv_hr = [ky_hr, kz_hr, kx_hr]
# kvec for prior blocks
prior_sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('prior_sx_block', nc // n_block_x)
prior_sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('prior_sy_block', nc // n_block_y)
prior_sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('prior_sz_block', nc // n_block_z)
kvec_pr = flowpm.kernels.fftk(
[nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y, nc // n_block_z],
symmetric=False,
dtype=npdtype)
kx_pr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_pr[0].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[prior_sx_dim])
ky_pr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_pr[1].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[prior_sy_dim])
kz_pr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_pr[2].squeeze().astype(npdtype),
shape=[prior_sz_dim])
kv_pr = [ky_pr, kz_pr, kx_pr]
shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
lr_shape = [batch_dim, x_dim, y_dim, z_dim]
hr_shape = [batch_dim, nx_dim, ny_dim, nz_dim, sx_dim, sy_dim, sz_dim]
part_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
## Compute initial initial conditions distributed
fieldvar = mtf.get_variable(mesh, 'linear', hr_shape)
input_field = tf.placeholder(data.dtype, [
batch_size, n_block_x, n_block_y, n_block_z, nc // n_block_x,
nc // n_block_y, nc // n_block_z
])
mtfinp = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, input_field, shape=hr_shape)
linearop = mtf.assign(fieldvar, mtfinp)
#
field = fieldvar
initc = mtf.slicewise(lambda x: x[:, 0, 0, 0], [field],
output_dtype=tf.float32,
output_shape=[batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim],
name='my_dumb_reshape',
splittable_dims=part_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[:4])
#
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
field = mtf.pad(field, [halo_size, halo_size], block_size_dim.name)
for blocks_dim, block_size_dim in zip(hr_shape[1:4], field.shape[-3:]):
field = mpm.halo_reduce(field, blocks_dim, block_size_dim, halo_size)
field = mtf.reshape(field, field.shape + [mtf.Dimension('h_dim', 1)])
high = field
low = mesh_utils.downsample(field, downsampling_factor, antialias=True)
low = mtf.reshape(low, low.shape[:-1])
high = mtf.reshape(high, high.shape[:-1])
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
low = mtf.slice(low, halo_size // 2**downsampling_factor,
block_size_dim.size // 2**downsampling_factor,
block_size_dim.name)
# Hack usisng custom reshape because mesh is pretty dumb
low = mtf.slicewise(lambda x: x[:, 0, 0, 0], [low],
output_dtype=initc.dtype,
output_shape=lr_shape,
name='my_dumb_reshape',
splittable_dims=lr_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[:4])
# Here we can run our nbody
if FLAGS.nbody:
state = mtfpm.lpt_init(low,
high,
0.1,
kv_lr,
kv_hr,
halo_size,
hr_shape,
lr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
downsampling_factor=downsampling_factor,
antialias=True)
final_state = mtfpm.nbody(state,
stages,
lr_shape,
hr_shape,
kv_lr,
kv_hr,
halo_size,
downsampling_factor=downsampling_factor)
else:
final_state = mtfpm.lpt_init(low,
high,
stages[-1],
kv_lr,
kv_hr,
halo_size,
hr_shape,
lr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
downsampling_factor=downsampling_factor,
antialias=True)
# paint the field
final_field = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=hr_shape)
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.pad(final_field, [halo_size, halo_size],
block_size_dim.name)
final_field = mesh_utils.cic_paint(final_field, final_state[0], halo_size)
# Halo exchange
for blocks_dim, block_size_dim in zip(hr_shape[1:4],
final_field.shape[-3:]):
final_field = mpm.halo_reduce(final_field, blocks_dim, block_size_dim,
halo_size)
# Remove borders
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.slice(final_field, halo_size, block_size_dim.size,
block_size_dim.name)
final_field = mtf.slicewise(
lambda x: x[:, 0, 0, 0], [final_field],
output_dtype=dtype,
output_shape=[batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim],
name='my_dumb_reshape',
splittable_dims=part_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[:4])
mtfdata = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
tf.convert_to_tensor(data),
shape=shape)
# Get prior
k_dims_pr = [d.shape[0] for d in kv_pr]
k_dims_pr = [k_dims_pr[2], k_dims_pr[0], k_dims_pr[1]]
cfield = mesh_utils.r2c3d(fieldvar, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
def _cwise_prior(kfield, pk, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = tf.sqrt((kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2)
kshape = kk.shape
kk = tf.reshape(kk, [-1])
pkmesh = tfp.math.interp_regular_1d_grid(
x=kk,
x_ref_min=1e-05,
x_ref_max=1000.0,
y_ref=pk,
grid_regularizing_transform=tf.log)
priormesh = tf.reshape(pkmesh, kshape)
return tf.abs(kfield) / priormesh**0.5
cpfield = mtf.cwise(_cwise_prior, [cfield, pk] + kv_pr,
output_dtype=tf.float32)
prior = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(cpfield)) * bs**3
# Total loss
diff = (final_field - mtfdata)
R0 = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=())
def _cwise_smooth(kfield, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = (kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2
wts = tf.cast(tf.exp(-kk * (R0 * bs / nc)**2), kfield.dtype)
return kfield * wts
cdiff = mesh_utils.r2c3d(diff, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
cdiff = mtf.cwise(_cwise_smooth, [cdiff] + kv_pr, output_dtype=cdtype)
diff = mesh_utils.c2r3d(cdiff, diff.shape[-3:], dtype=dtype)
chisq = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(diff))
loss = chisq + prior
#return initc, final_field, loss, linearop, input_field
nyq = np.pi * nc / bs
def _cwise_highpass(kfield, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = (kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2
wts = tf.cast(tf.exp(-kk * (R0 * bs / nc + 1 / nyq)**2), kfield.dtype)
return kfield * (1 - wts)
var_grads = mtf.gradients([loss], [fieldvar])
cgrads = mesh_utils.r2c3d(var_grads[0], k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
cgrads = mtf.cwise(_cwise_highpass, [cgrads] + kv_pr, output_dtype=cdtype)
var_grads = [
mesh_utils.c2r3d(cgrads, var_grads[0].shape[-3:], dtype=dtype)
]
lr = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=())
update_op = mtf.assign(fieldvar, fieldvar - var_grads[0] * lr)
return initc, final_field, loss, var_grads, update_op, linearop, input_field, lr, R0
def _sample(self, features, mesh):
hparams = self._hparams
(inputs_embedding_var, targets_embedding_var, softmax_var,
positional_embedding_var) = self._embedding_and_softmax_vars(mesh)
if hparams.transformer_type == "encdec":
inputs = features["inputs"]
while len(inputs.shape.as_list()) > 2:
inputs = tf.squeeze(inputs, axis=2)
actual_batch_size = tf.shape(inputs)[0]
actual_length = tf.shape(inputs)[1]
inputs = tf.pad(inputs,
[[0, hparams.batch_size - actual_batch_size],
[0, hparams.max_length - actual_length]])
inputs = self._import_to_batch_by_length(inputs, "inputs", mesh,
hparams)
x = (mtf.gather(inputs_embedding_var, inputs,
self.inputs_vocab_dim) +
mtf.reshape(positional_embedding_var,
mtf.Shape([self.length_dim, self.model_dim])))
encoder_attention_mask = (mtf.layers.attention_mask_ignore_padding(
inputs, dtype=self.activation_dtype))
with tf.variable_scope("encoder"):
x = self._layer_stack(
x,
hparams.encoder_layers,
self_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask)
encoder_output = mtf.rename_dimension(x, self.length_dim.name,
self.memory_length_dim.name)
encdec_tensors = []
for layer_num, layer_type in enumerate(hparams.decoder_layers):
if layer_type == "enc_att":
with tf.variable_scope("decoder/enc_att_%d/enc_att" %
layer_num):
q_var, k_var, v_var, o_var = mtf.layers.multihead_attention_vars(
mesh, self.heads_dim, self.model_dim, self.kv_dim,
self.master_dtype, self.slice_dtype,
self.activation_dtype)
k = mtf.einsum([encoder_output, k_var],
mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [
self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim
]))
v = mtf.einsum([encoder_output, v_var],
mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [
self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim
]))
encdec_tensors.append((q_var, o_var, k, v))
else:
encdec_tensors.append(None)
partial_targets = None
elif hparams.transformer_type == "decoder":
encdec_tensors = None
encoder_output = None
encoder_attention_mask = None
# Prepare partial targets.
# In either features["inputs"] or features["targets"].
# We force the outputs to begin with these sequences.
partial_targets = features.get("inputs", None)
if partial_targets is None:
partial_targets = features.get("targets", None)
if partial_targets is not None:
partial_targets = common_layers.expand_squeeze_to_nd(
partial_targets, 2)
partial_targets = tf.to_int32(partial_targets)
partial_targets_batch = tf.shape(partial_targets)[0]
partial_targets_length = tf.shape(partial_targets)[1]
partial_targets = tf.pad(
partial_targets,
[[0, hparams.batch_size - partial_targets_batch],
[0, hparams.max_length - partial_targets_length]])
partial_targets = self._import_to_batch_by_length(
partial_targets, "partial_targets", mesh, hparams)
else:
raise ValueError("hparams.model_type = %s not yet supported" %
hparams.transformer_type)
local_attention_window = mtf.Dimension(
"local_attention_window", hparams.local_attention_window_size)
if hparams.beam_size == 1:
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [self.length_dim])
kv_shape = mtf.Shape(
self.batch_dims +
[self.heads_dim, self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim])
local_kv_shape = mtf.Shape(
self.batch_dims +
[self.heads_dim, local_attention_window, self.kv_dim])
else:
beam_dim = mtf.Dimension("beam", hparams.beam_size)
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims +
[beam_dim, self.length_dim])
kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [
beam_dim, self.heads_dim, self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim
])
local_kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [
beam_dim, self.heads_dim, local_attention_window, self.kv_dim
])
initial_ids = mtf.constant(mesh, 0, ids_shape, dtype=tf.int32)
initial_states = []
for layer in hparams.decoder_layers:
if layer == "att":
initial_states.extend(
[mtf.zeros(mesh, kv_shape, dtype=self.activation_dtype)] *
2)
elif layer == "local_att":
initial_states.extend([
mtf.zeros(
mesh, local_kv_shape, dtype=self.activation_dtype)
] * 2)
def logits_fn(step_num, ids, states):
"""Produce logits for this step, and new states."""
ids_this_step = mtf.gather(ids, step_num - 1, self.length_dim)
x = (mtf.gather(targets_embedding_var, ids_this_step,
self.targets_vocab_dim) +
mtf.gather(positional_embedding_var, step_num,
self.max_length_dim))
with tf.variable_scope("decoder"):
x, new_states = self._layer_stack(
x,
hparams.decoder_layers,
encdec_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
step_num=step_num,
encdec_tensors=encdec_tensors,
states=states)
logits = mtf.matmul(x, softmax_var)
return logits, new_states
if hparams.beam_size == 1:
temperature = (0.0 if hparams.sampling_method == "argmax" else
hparams.sampling_temp)
return mtf.beam_search.greedy_decode(logits_fn,
initial_ids,
temperature=temperature,
initial_states=initial_states,
forced_ids=partial_targets,
use_tpu=hparams.use_tpu)
else:
if hparams.transformer_type == "encdec":
input_length = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.to_float(
mtf.cast(inputs, tf.bool)),
reduced_dim=self.length_dim)
max_input_length = mtf.reduce_max(input_length)
decode_length = mtf.cast(
max_input_length * hparams.decode_length_multiplier +
hparams.decode_length_constant, tf.int32)
else:
decode_length = None
beams, unused_scores = mtf.beam_search.beam_search(
logits_fn,
initial_ids,
hparams.alpha,
states=initial_states,
decode_length=decode_length,
use_tpu=hparams.use_tpu,
dtype=self.activation_dtype)
return mtf.gather(beams, mtf.constant(mesh, 0, dtype=tf.int32),
beam_dim)
def unet_with_spatial_partition(mesh, mesh_impl, dataset_str, images, labels):
"""Builds the UNet model graph, train op and eval metrics.
Args:
mesh: a MeshTensorflow.mesh object.
mesh_impl: a mesh implementation, such as SimdMeshImpl and
PlacementMeshImpl.
dataset_str: a string of either train or eval. This is used for batch_norm.
images: a laid out Tensor with shape [batch, x, y, num_channels]
or [batch, x, y, z, num_channels].
labels: a laid out Tensor with shape [batch, x, y, num_classes]
or [batch, x, y, z, num_classes].
Returns:
Prediction and loss.
"""
is_training = (dataset_str == 'train')
if dataset_str == 'train':
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension('batch', FLAGS.batch_size_train)
else:
assert dataset_str == 'eval'
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension('batch', FLAGS.batch_size_eval)
image_nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_nx_block', FLAGS.image_nx_block)
image_ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_ny_block', FLAGS.image_ny_block)
image_sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_sx_block',
FLAGS.ct_resolution // FLAGS.image_nx_block)
image_sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_sy_block',
FLAGS.ct_resolution // FLAGS.image_ny_block)
image_sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_sz_block', FLAGS.ct_resolution)
image_c_dim = mtf.Dimension('image_c', FLAGS.image_c)
label_c_dim = mtf.Dimension('label_c', FLAGS.label_c)
mtf_images_shape, mtf_labels_shape = get_input_mtf_shapes(dataset_str)
mtf_dtype = tf.as_dtype(FLAGS.mtf_dtype)
variable_dtype = mtf.VariableDType(mtf_dtype, mtf_dtype, mtf_dtype)
# Import input features.
x = mtf.import_laid_out_tensor(mesh, mesh_impl.LaidOutTensor(images),
mtf_images_shape)
x = mtf.cast(x, mtf_dtype)
# Import ground truth labels.
t = mtf.import_laid_out_tensor(mesh, mesh_impl.LaidOutTensor(labels),
mtf_labels_shape)
t = mtf.cast(t, mtf_dtype)
# Transpose the blocks.
if FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices:
x = mtf.transpose(x, [
batch_dim, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim, image_sx_dim, image_sy_dim,
image_c_dim
])
t = mtf.transpose(t, [
batch_dim, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim, image_sx_dim, image_sy_dim,
label_c_dim
])
else:
x = mtf.transpose(x, [
batch_dim, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim, image_sx_dim, image_sy_dim,
image_sz_dim, image_c_dim
])
t = mtf.transpose(t, [
batch_dim, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim, image_sx_dim, image_sy_dim,
image_sz_dim, label_c_dim
])
# Network.
levels = []
all_bn_update_ops = []
# add levels with convolution or down-sampling
for depth in range(FLAGS.network_depth):
for n_conv in range(FLAGS.n_conv_per_block):
if depth == 0 and n_conv == 0:
# no dropout in 1st layer.
dropout_keep_p = 1.0
else:
dropout_keep_p = FLAGS.dropout_keep_p
x, bn_update_ops = conv_with_spatial_partition(
x, FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim,
FLAGS.n_base_filters * (2**depth), dropout_keep_p,
FLAGS.with_batch_norm, is_training,
'conv_{}_{}'.format(depth, n_conv), variable_dtype,
'conv_down_{}_{}'.format(depth, n_conv))
all_bn_update_ops.extend(bn_update_ops)
levels.append(x)
if depth < FLAGS.network_depth - 1:
if FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices:
x = mtf.layers.max_pool2d(x, ksize=(2, 2))
else:
x = mtf.layers.max_pool3d(x, ksize=(2, 2, 2))
# add levels with up-convolution or up-sampling
for depth in range(FLAGS.network_depth - 1)[::-1]:
x = deconv_with_spatial_partition(
x, FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim,
FLAGS.n_base_filters * (2**depth), FLAGS.dropout_keep_p,
'conv_{}_{}'.format(depth, FLAGS.n_conv_per_block - 1),
variable_dtype, 'deconv_{}_0'.format(depth))
x = mtf.concat([x, levels[depth]],
concat_dim_name='conv_{}_{}'.format(
depth, FLAGS.n_conv_per_block - 1))
for n_conv in range(FLAGS.n_conv_per_block):
x, bn_update_ops = conv_with_spatial_partition(
x, FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices, image_nx_dim, image_ny_dim,
FLAGS.n_base_filters * (2**depth), FLAGS.dropout_keep_p,
FLAGS.with_batch_norm, is_training,
'conv_{}_{}'.format(depth, n_conv), variable_dtype,
'conv_up_{}_{}'.format(depth, n_conv))
all_bn_update_ops.extend(bn_update_ops)
# no dropout in the final layer.
if FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices:
y = mtf.layers.conv2d_with_blocks(
x,
mtf.Dimension('label_c', FLAGS.label_c),
filter_size=(1, 1),
strides=(1, 1),
padding='SAME',
h_blocks_dim=image_nx_dim,
w_blocks_dim=image_ny_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name='final_conv_{}'.format(FLAGS.label_c),
)
else:
y = mtf.layers.conv3d_with_blocks(
x,
mtf.Dimension('label_c', FLAGS.label_c),
filter_size=(1, 1, 1),
strides=(1, 1, 1),
padding='SAME',
d_blocks_dim=image_nx_dim,
h_blocks_dim=image_ny_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name='final_conv_{}'.format(FLAGS.label_c),
)
# use mtf.constant to make sure there is no CPU-side constants.
def scalar(v, dtype):
return mtf.constant(mesh, v, shape=[], dtype=dtype)
argmax_t = mtf.argmax(t, label_c_dim)
liver_t = mtf.cast(mtf.equal(argmax_t, scalar(1, tf.int32)), mtf_dtype)
lesion_t = mtf.cast(mtf.equal(argmax_t, scalar(2, tf.int32)), mtf_dtype)
argmax_y = mtf.argmax(y, label_c_dim)
lesion_y = mtf.cast(mtf.equal(argmax_y, scalar(2, tf.int32)), mtf_dtype)
# summary of class ratios.
lesion_pred_ratio = mtf.reduce_mean(lesion_y)
lesion_label_ratio = mtf.reduce_mean(lesion_t)
# summary of accuracy.
accuracy = mtf.reduce_mean(
mtf.cast(mtf.equal(argmax_y, argmax_t), mtf_dtype))
# Cross-entropy loss. Up-weight the liver region.
pixel_loss = mtf.layers.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
y, t, label_c_dim)
pixel_weight = scalar(1, mtf_dtype) + \
liver_t * scalar(FLAGS.xen_liver_weight - 1, mtf_dtype) + \
lesion_t * scalar(FLAGS.xen_lesion_weight - FLAGS.xen_liver_weight,
mtf_dtype)
loss_xen = mtf.reduce_mean(pixel_loss * pixel_weight)
# Dice loss
y_prob = mtf.softmax(y, reduced_dim=label_c_dim)
lesion_prob = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.slice(y_prob, 2, 1, 'label_c'),
reduced_dim=mtf.Dimension('label_c', 1))
prob_intersect = mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_prob * lesion_t,
output_shape=mtf.Shape([batch_dim]))
prob_area_sum = mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_prob + lesion_t,
output_shape=mtf.Shape([batch_dim]))
loss_dice_per_case = mtf.reduce_mean(
scalar(-2, mtf_dtype) * prob_intersect /
(prob_area_sum + scalar(FLAGS.dice_epsilon, mtf_dtype)))
loss_dice_global = scalar(-2, mtf_dtype) * mtf.reduce_sum(
prob_intersect) / (mtf.reduce_sum(prob_area_sum) +
scalar(FLAGS.dice_epsilon, mtf_dtype))
loss_dice = (loss_dice_per_case + loss_dice_global) * scalar(
0.5, mtf_dtype)
loss = scalar(FLAGS.dice_loss_weight, mtf_dtype) * loss_dice + scalar(
1 - FLAGS.dice_loss_weight, mtf_dtype) * loss_xen
intersect = mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_y * lesion_t,
output_shape=mtf.Shape([batch_dim]))
area_sum = mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_y + lesion_t,
output_shape=mtf.Shape([batch_dim]))
# summary of dice.
dice_per_case = mtf.reduce_mean(
scalar(2, mtf_dtype) * intersect /
(area_sum + scalar(0.000001, mtf_dtype)))
dice_global = scalar(2, mtf_dtype) * mtf.reduce_sum(intersect) / (
mtf.reduce_sum(area_sum) + scalar(0.000001, mtf_dtype))
eval_metrics = {
'lesion_pred_ratio': lesion_pred_ratio,
'lesion_label_ratio': lesion_label_ratio,
'accuracy_of_all_classes': accuracy,
'lesion_dice_per_case': dice_per_case,
'lesion_dice_global': dice_global,
'loss_xen': loss_xen,
'loss_dice': loss_dice,
'loss_dice_per_case': loss_dice_per_case,
'loss_dice_global': loss_dice_global,
}
if FLAGS.sampled_2d_slices:
y_prob_downsampled = mtf.layers.avg_pool2d(
y_prob, ksize=(FLAGS.pred_downsample, ) * 2)
if FLAGS.output_ground_truth:
lesion_gt_downsampled = mtf.layers.avg_pool2d(
mtf.slice(t, 2, 1, 'label_c'),
ksize=(FLAGS.pred_downsample, ) * 2)
else:
y_prob_downsampled = mtf.layers.avg_pool3d(
y_prob, ksize=(FLAGS.pred_downsample, ) * 3)
if FLAGS.output_ground_truth:
lesion_gt_downsampled = mtf.layers.avg_pool3d(
mtf.slice(t, 2, 1, 'label_c'),
ksize=(FLAGS.pred_downsample, ) * 3)
liver_prob_downsampled = mtf.slice(y_prob_downsampled, 1, 1, 'label_c')
lesion_prob_downsampled = mtf.slice(y_prob_downsampled, 2, 1, 'label_c')
preds = [
mtf.reduce_sum(liver_prob_downsampled,
reduced_dim=mtf.Dimension('label_c', 1)),
mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_prob_downsampled,
reduced_dim=mtf.Dimension('label_c', 1))
]
if FLAGS.output_ground_truth:
preds.append(
mtf.reduce_sum(lesion_gt_downsampled,
reduced_dim=mtf.Dimension('label_c', 1)))
preds.extend([intersect, area_sum])
return preds, loss, eval_metrics, all_bn_update_ops
def decode(self,
inputs,
variable_dtype=mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32),
beam_size=1,
alpha=0.6,
temperature=0.0,
sampling_keep_top_k=-1,
decode_length_multiplier=1.5,
decode_length_constant=10,
max_decode_length=None):
"""Sampling or beam search for Funnel Transformer.
Args:
inputs: a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim, length_dim]
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
beam_size: an integer >= 1
alpha: a floating point value (length bonus for beam search)
temperature: a value between 0 and 1 (must be 0 if beam_size > 1)
0.0 means argmax, 1.0 means sample according to predicted distribution.
sampling_keep_top_k: a value between 1 and vocab_size used to sample from
only the k most likely logits. Set to -1 to sample from all logits.
decode_length_multiplier: a float
decode_length_constant: a float
max_decode_length: an optional integer
Returns:
a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim, length_dim]
"""
encoder_layer_outputs = []
shared_params = self._shared_params(inputs.mesh, variable_dtype)
encoder_sequence_id = mtf.minimum(inputs, 1)
encoder_output, encoder_loss = self.encoder.call_simple(
inputs=inputs,
targets=None,
compute_loss=False,
mode=tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
shared_params=shared_params,
layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
del encoder_loss
encoder_output = mtf.layers.rename_length_to_memory_length(
encoder_output)
# The sequence_id is updated inside the layer_stack due to pooling. So we
# need to use the updated sequence_id stored in the context.
encoder_sequence_id = self.encoder.layer_stack.context.sequence_id
encoder_sequence_id = mtf.layers.rename_length_to_memory_length(
encoder_sequence_id)
batch_dims = inputs.shape[:-1]
length_dim = inputs.shape[-1]
if max_decode_length is None:
decode_length_dim = length_dim
else:
decode_length_dim = mtf.Dimension("length", max_decode_length)
if beam_size == 1:
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(batch_dims + [decode_length_dim])
partial_sequences = mtf.zeros(inputs.mesh,
ids_shape,
dtype=tf.int32)
return self.decoder.sample_autoregressive(
partial_sequences,
temperature=temperature,
sampling_keep_top_k=sampling_keep_top_k,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
encoder_inputs=mtf.layers.rename_length_to_memory_length(
inputs),
shared_params=shared_params,
has_partial_sequences=False,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
else:
if temperature != 0:
raise ValueError(
"don't know how to beam search with nonzero temperature")
if sampling_keep_top_k != -1:
raise ValueError(
"don't know how to beam search with top-k value other than -1."
)
# beam search
beam_dim = mtf.Dimension("beam", beam_size)
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(batch_dims + [beam_dim, decode_length_dim])
partial_sequences = mtf.zeros(inputs.mesh,
ids_shape,
dtype=tf.int32)
input_length = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.to_float(
mtf.cast(inputs, tf.bool)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
max_input_length = mtf.reduce_max(input_length)
decode_length = mtf.cast(
max_input_length * decode_length_multiplier +
decode_length_constant, tf.int32)
return self.decoder.beam_search(
partial_sequences,
decode_length,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
encoder_inputs=inputs,
alpha=alpha,
shared_params=shared_params,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
def benchmark_model(mesh):
"""
Initializes a 3D volume with random noise, and execute a forward FFT
"""
# Setup parameters
bs = FLAGS.box_size
nc = FLAGS.cube_size
batch_size = FLAGS.batch_size
a0 = FLAGS.a0
a = 1.0
nsteps = FLAGS.pm_steps
# Compute a few things first, using simple tensorflow
klin = np.loadtxt('../flowpm/data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[0]
plin = np.loadtxt('../flowpm/data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[1]
ipklin = iuspline(klin, plin)
stages = np.linspace(a0, a, nsteps, endpoint=True)
# Initialize the integration steps
stages = np.linspace(FLAGS.a0, 1.0, FLAGS.pm_steps, endpoint=True)
# Generate a batch of 3D initial conditions
initial_conditions = flowpm.linear_field(
nc, # size of the cube
bs, # Physical size of the cube
ipklin, # Initial power spectrum
batch_size=batch_size)
# Compute necessary Fourier kernels
kvec = flowpm.kernels.fftk((nc, nc, nc), symmetric=False)
from flowpm.kernels import laplace_kernel, gradient_kernel
lap = tf.cast(laplace_kernel(kvec), tf.complex64)
grad_x = gradient_kernel(kvec, 0)
grad_y = gradient_kernel(kvec, 1)
grad_z = gradient_kernel(kvec, 2)
# Define the named dimensions
# Parameters of the small scales decomposition
n_block_x = 8
n_block_y = 4
n_block_z = 1
halo_size = 4
# Parameters of the large scales decomposition
downsampling_factor = 2
lnc = nc // 2**downsampling_factor
fx_dim = mtf.Dimension("nx", nc)
fy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ny", nc)
fz_dim = mtf.Dimension("nz", nc)
tfx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx", nc)
tfy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty", nc)
tfz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz", nc)
# Dimensions of the low resolution grid
tx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx_lr", nc)
ty_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty_lr", nc)
tz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz_lr", nc)
nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('nx_block', n_block_x)
ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('ny_block', n_block_y)
nz_dim = mtf.Dimension('nz_block', n_block_z)
sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('sx_block', nc // n_block_x)
sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('sy_block', nc // n_block_y)
sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('sz_block', nc // n_block_z)
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size)
pk_dim = mtf.Dimension("npk", len(plin))
pk = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, plin.astype('float32'), shape=[pk_dim])
# Compute necessary Fourier kernels
kvec = flowpm.kernels.fftk((nc, nc, nc), symmetric=False)
kx = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfx_dim])
ky = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfy_dim])
kz = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfz_dim])
kv = [ky, kz, kx]
kvec_lr = flowpm.kernels.fftk([nc, nc, nc], symmetric=False)
kx_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tx_dim])
ky_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[ty_dim])
kz_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tz_dim])
kv_lr = [ky_lr, kz_lr, kx_lr]
# kvec for high resolution blocks
shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
lr_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
hr_shape = [batch_dim, nx_dim, ny_dim, nz_dim, sx_dim, sy_dim, sz_dim]
part_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
initc = mtfpm.linear_field(mesh, shape, bs, nc, pk, kv)
state = mtfpm.lpt_init_single(
initc,
a0,
kv_lr,
halo_size,
lr_shape,
hr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
antialias=True,
)
#state = mtfpm.lpt_init(low, high, 0.1, kv_lr, kv_hr, halo_size, hr_shape, lr_shape,
# part_shape[1:], downsampling_factor=downsampling_factor, antialias=True,)
# Here we can run our nbody
final_state = state #mtfpm.nbody(state, stages, lr_shape, hr_shape, kv_lr, kv_hr, halo_size, downsampling_factor=downsampling_factor)
# paint the field
final_field = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=hr_shape)
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.pad(final_field, [halo_size, halo_size],
block_size_dim.name)
final_field = mesh_utils.cic_paint(final_field, final_state[0], halo_size)
# Halo exchange
for blocks_dim, block_size_dim in zip(hr_shape[1:4], final_field.shape[-3:]):
final_field = mpm.halo_reduce(final_field, blocks_dim, block_size_dim,
halo_size)
# Remove borders
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.slice(final_field, halo_size, block_size_dim.size,
block_size_dim.name)
#final_field = mtf.reshape(final_field, [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim])
# Hack usisng custom reshape because mesh is pretty dumb
final_field = mtf.slicewise(lambda x: x[:, 0, 0, 0], [final_field],
output_dtype=tf.float32,
output_shape=[batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim],
name='my_dumb_reshape',
splittable_dims=part_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[:4])
return mtf.reduce_sum(final_field)
def gradient_based_subword_tokenization(x,
length_dim,
max_subword_length=4,
downsample=None,
use_offsets=False,
consider_chars_as_blocks=False,
use_block_pos_embedding=False,
share_block_kernel=False,
memory_embeddings=0,
context=None,
block_mixing_mode=None,
activation="softmax",
downsample_function="mean"):
"""Implements GBSWT from Charformer.
Args:
x: a Tensor containing length_dim
length_dim: a Dimension
max_subword_length: integer
downsample: integer.
use_offsets: boolean.
consider_chars_as_blocks: boolean.
use_block_pos_embedding: boolean.
share_block_kernel: boolean.
memory_embeddings: integer.
context: Context.
block_mixing_mode: Str for block mixing.
activation: Str for block ranking.
downsample_function: Str, supports mean/linformer for now.
Returns:
a Tensor with the same shape as x.
Raises:
ValueError: if channels or depth don't match.
"""
# don't use this for now.
del max_subword_length
del memory_embeddings
all_blocks = []
all_scores = []
tf.logging.info("GSW block layer")
def _tile(x, n, tile_dim):
# Simple tile function in MTF.
return mtf.concat([x] * n, tile_dim.name)
def _repeat(x, n, repeat_dim):
# repeat function in MTF
tmp_dim = mtf.Dimension("tmp", 1)
expand_shape = mtf.Shape(x.shape.dims + [tmp_dim])
x = mtf.reshape(x, expand_shape)
x = _tile(x, n, tmp_dim)
output_shape = []
for dim in x.shape.dims:
if dim.name == "tmp":
continue
if dim.name == repeat_dim.name:
dim = mtf.Dimension(dim.name, dim.size * n)
output_shape.append(dim)
output_shape = mtf.Shape(output_shape)
x = mtf.reshape(x, output_shape)
return x
def _combined_dim(dims):
return mtf.Dimension(dims[0].name, mtf.Shape(dims).size)
# compute all subword blocks
# TODO(yitay): handle offsets to get all blocks
if activation == "sigtanh":
# one score for sigmoid
tmp_dim = mtf.Dimension("block_score", 2)
else:
tmp_dim = mtf.Dimension("block_score", 1)
model_dim = x.shape[-1]
subword_blocks_width = [2, 3, 4]
if consider_chars_as_blocks:
subword_blocks_width += [1]
if share_block_kernel:
block_kernel_shape = mtf.Shape([model_dim, tmp_dim])
block_kernel = mtf.get_variable(x.mesh,
"block_kernel",
block_kernel_shape,
initializer=None,
dtype=context.variable_dtype)
else:
block_kernel = None
for subword_len in subword_blocks_width:
if use_block_pos_embedding:
# this is turn off by default. It is meant to support cases like
# parameterized pooling or other features.
block_len_dim = mtf.Dimension(length_dim.name, subword_len)
# TODO(vqtran): Consider other positional embeddings.
block_pos_emb = sinusoid_positional_embedding_weights(
context.mesh, block_len_dim, x.shape[-1],
context.variable_dtype.activation_dtype)
block_pos_emb = _repeat(
block_pos_emb, math.ceil(length_dim.size / float(subword_len)),
block_len_dim)
if use_offsets:
offset_space = subword_len
else:
offset_space = 1
for offsets in range(offset_space):
if offsets > 0:
xoff = mtf.shift(x, offsets, length_dim, wrap=False)
if use_block_pos_embedding:
block_pos_emb = mtf.shift(block_pos_emb,
offsets,
block_pos_emb.shape[-2],
wrap=False)
else:
xoff = x
tf.logging.info("SW len=%d offset=%d", subword_len, offsets)
if length_dim.size % subword_len != 0:
tf.logging.info("Not divisible by length")
# add extra padding tokens
pad_amt = int(subword_len) - int(length_dim.size % subword_len)
kp = mtf.pad(xoff, [0, pad_amt], length_dim.name)
else:
kp = xoff
if use_block_pos_embedding:
kp += block_pos_emb
bx = mtf.pool_tensor_1d(
kp,
pool_dim=kp.shape.get_dim_by_name("length"),
reduce_fn=mtf.reduce_mean,
pool_size=int(subword_len))
block_score = mtf.layers.dense(bx, [tmp_dim],
use_bias=False,
name="bx",
reduced_dims=[model_dim],
variable_dtype=None,
kernel_weights=block_kernel)
expand_bx = _repeat(bx, subword_len, length_dim)
expand_scores = _repeat(block_score, subword_len, length_dim)
if offsets > 0:
# add offset.
expand_bx = mtf.pad(expand_bx, [offsets, 0], length_dim.name)
expand_scores = mtf.pad(expand_scores, [offsets, 0],
length_dim.name)
new_len = expand_bx.shape.get_dim_by_name(length_dim.name)
if new_len.size < length_dim.size:
pad_amt = new_len.size - length_dim.size
expand_bx = mtf.pad(expand_bx, [0, pad_amt], length_dim.name)
expand_scores = mtf.pad(expand_scores, [0, pad_amt],
length_dim.name)
elif new_len.size > length_dim.size:
expand_bx = mtf.slice(expand_bx, 0, length_dim.size,
length_dim.name)
expand_scores = mtf.slice(expand_scores, 0, length_dim.size,
length_dim.name)
new_tmp_dim = mtf.Dimension("extra_dim", 1)
expand_shape = mtf.Shape(expand_bx.shape.dims + [new_tmp_dim])
expand_scores_shape = mtf.Shape(expand_scores.shape.dims +
[new_tmp_dim])
expand_bx = mtf.reshape(expand_bx, expand_shape)
expand_scores = mtf.reshape(expand_scores, expand_scores_shape)
all_blocks.append(expand_bx)
all_scores.append(expand_scores)
all_blocks = mtf.concat(all_blocks, new_tmp_dim.name)
all_scores = mtf.concat(all_scores, new_tmp_dim.name)
tf.logging.info(all_blocks)
new_tmp_dim = all_blocks.shape.get_dim_by_name("extra_dim")
combined_dim = _combined_dim([new_tmp_dim, tmp_dim])
block_net_shape = all_scores.shape - tmp_dim - new_tmp_dim + combined_dim
block_net = mtf.reshape(all_scores, block_net_shape)
if block_mixing_mode == "score_attention":
tf.logging.info("Using score attention")
att = mtf.einsum([block_net, block_net], reduced_dims=[new_tmp_dim])
tf.logging.info(block_net)
att = mtf.softmax(att, reduced_dim=att.shape[-1])
block_net = mtf.einsum([att, block_net], output_shape=block_net.shape)
tf.logging.info(block_net)
if activation == "softmax":
block_net = mtf.softmax(block_net, reduced_dim=new_tmp_dim)
elif activation == "tanh":
tf.logging.info("Using tanh")
block_net = mtf.tanh(block_net)
all_blocks = block_net * all_blocks
all_blocks = mtf.reduce_sum(all_blocks, reduced_dim=new_tmp_dim)
output = all_blocks
if downsample:
output_length = output.shape.get_dim_by_name("length")
if output_length.size % int(downsample) != 0:
pad_amt = int(downsample) - int(
output_length.size % int(downsample))
output = mtf.pad(output, [0, pad_amt], output_length.name)
if downsample_function == "mean":
output = mtf.pool_tensor_1d(
output,
pool_dim=output.shape.get_dim_by_name("length"),
reduce_fn=mtf.reduce_mean,
pool_size=int(downsample))
else:
raise ValueError("Downsampling function not implemeneted.")
return output
# input1 = mtf.get_variable(mesh, "input1", [dim1,dim2])
# input2 = mtf.get_variable(mesh, "input2", [dim3,dim4])
id_hldr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, np.random.randn(batch_dim.size,field_dim.size).astype(np.int32), shape=[batch_dim,field_dim])
wt_hldr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, np.random.randn(batch_dim.size,field_dim.size).astype(np.float32), shape=[batch_dim,field_dim])
label = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, np.array([1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]).astype(np.float32), shape=[batch_dim])
result = widedeep(id_hldr,wt_hldr,vocab_dim,embed_dim,outdim)
result = mtf.reduce_mean(result,reduced_dim=outdim)
# label = mtf.reshape(label,new_shape=[batch_dim, outdim])
# output = mtf.layers.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(result, label,vocab_dim=outdim)
# result = mtf.sigmoid(result)
# result = -(label*mtf.log(result)+(1-label)*mtf.log(1-result))
# result = mtf.reduce_sum(result)
result = mtf.layers.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(result,label)
wide_loss = mtf.reduce_sum(result)
print("========",global_step)
devices = ["gpu:0"]
mesh_shape = [("all_processors", 1)]
layout_rules = [("dim1", "all_processors")]
mesh_impl = mtf.placement_mesh_impl.PlacementMeshImpl(
mesh_shape, layout_rules, devices)
var_grads = mtf.gradients(
[wide_loss], [v.outputs[0] for v in graph.trainable_variables])
optimizer = mtf.optimize.SgdOptimizer(0.01)
update_ops = optimizer.apply_grads(var_grads, graph.trainable_variables)
lowering = mtf.Lowering(graph, {mesh:mesh_impl})
def beam_search(self,
inputs,
decode_length,
variable_dtype=mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32),
encoder_output=None,
encoder_sequence_id=None,
alpha=0.6,
shared_params=None,
encoder_layer_outputs=None):
"""Beam search.
Args:
inputs: an int32 zero-Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim,
length_dim].
decode_length: an int32 mtf scalar. Maximum decode length.
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
encoder_output: an optional Tensor
encoder_sequence_id: an optional Tensor
alpha: a floating point value (length bonus)
shared_params: an optional dictionary
encoder_layer_outputs: optional - readonly list of tensor activations when
decoding, one per each input layer + the embedding layer
Returns:
a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim, length_dim]
"""
if not self.autoregressive:
raise ValueError("must be autoregressive")
batch_dims = inputs.shape.dims[:-2]
if len(batch_dims) != 1:
raise NotImplementedError(
"beam search supports exactly one batch dimension.")
beam_dim = inputs.shape.dims[-2]
length_dim = inputs.shape.dims[-1]
initial_position = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_int32(mtf.not_equal(inputs, 0)), reduced_dim=length_dim)
sequence_id = 1 if encoder_sequence_id is not None else None
context_first_part = Context(
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims + [beam_dim],
length_dim=length_dim,
model_dim=self.model_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="first_part",
autoregressive=self.autoregressive,
new_states=[],
initial_position=initial_position,
sequence_id=sequence_id,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
constant_states=[],
shared_params=shared_params,
layout=self.layout,
mesh_shape=self.mesh_shape,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
shifted_inputs = mtf.shift(inputs, offset=1, dim=length_dim, wrap=False)
with tf.variable_scope(self.name):
logits = self._call_internal(context_first_part, shifted_inputs)
del logits
# There are no partial targets.
# Replace initial states by zeros to avoid computing them.
initial_states = [mtf.zeros_like(t) for t in context_first_part.new_states]
constant_states = context_first_part.constant_states
def logits_fn(step_num, ids, states):
"""logits_fn for mtf.beam_search.beam_search()."""
context_incremental = Context(
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims + [beam_dim],
length_dim=length_dim,
model_dim=self.model_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="incremental",
autoregressive=self.autoregressive,
position=step_num,
states=states,
new_states=[],
sequence_id=sequence_id,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
constant_states=constant_states,
shared_params=shared_params,
layout=self.layout,
mesh_shape=self.mesh_shape,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
inputs_this_step = mtf.gather(ids, step_num - 1, length_dim)
with tf.variable_scope(self.name, reuse=True):
logits = self._call_internal(context_incremental, inputs_this_step)
return mtf.to_float(logits), context_incremental.new_states
beams, unused_scores = mtf.beam_search.beam_search(
logits_fn,
inputs,
alpha,
states=initial_states,
decode_length=decode_length,
use_tpu=True,
dtype=tf.float32,
mesh_shape=self.mesh_shape,
layout=self.layout)
return mtf.gather(
beams, mtf.constant(inputs.mesh, 0, dtype=tf.int32), beam_dim)
def model_fn(features, labels, mode, params):
# Get global step
global_step = tf.train.get_global_step()
# Construct mtf graph + mesh from params
graph = mtf.Graph()
mesh_shape = mtf.convert_to_shape(params["mesh_shape"])
layout_rules = mtf.convert_to_layout_rules(params["layout"])
# Mesh setup
if params["use_tpu"]:
var_placer, mesh_impl = simd_mesh_setup(params, mesh_shape,
layout_rules)
else:
var_placer = None
gpu_ids = params["gpu_ids"]
mesh_impl = mtf.placement_mesh_impl.PlacementMeshImpl(
mesh_shape, layout_rules, gpu_ids)
# Trainable variable precision
# Store to checkpoints in master type, train in slice type, compute in activation type
if params["precision"] == "bfloat16":
variable_dtype = mtf.VariableDType(master_dtype=tf.bfloat16,
slice_dtype=tf.float32,
activation_dtype=tf.bfloat16)
else:
variable_dtype = mtf.VariableDType(master_dtype=tf.float32,
slice_dtype=tf.float32,
activation_dtype=tf.float32)
# Build mtf mesh object
mesh = mtf.Mesh(graph, "my_mesh", var_placer)
# Build mtf_features & seq length dict for getting number of microbatches
# We need to pack inputs into a dict to pass into serialize_training_step
features_dict = {"inputs": features, "labels": labels}
sequence_length_dict = {
"inputs": params["n_ctx"],
"labels": params["n_ctx"]
}
params = add_mode_to_params(params, mode)
batch_size = get_batch_size(params)
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size)
batch_dims = [batch_dim]
feature_length = sequence_length_dict["inputs"]
length_dim = mtf.Dimension("sequence", feature_length)
mtf_features = {}
for key, x in features_dict.items():
if x is not None:
feature_shape = mtf.Shape(batch_dims + [length_dim])
if type(features_dict[key]) == dict:
features_dict[key] = features_dict[key]["feature"]
x = tf.cast(features_dict[key], tf.int32)
x = tf.reshape(x, feature_shape.to_integer_list)
mtf_features[key] = mtf.import_fully_replicated(mesh,
x,
feature_shape,
name=key)
# Instantiate dict for dimensions, bias, etc that can be calculated here once then passed into model
other_features = {}
memory_length_dim = mtf.Dimension("memory_length", length_dim.size)
attn_bias = biasmask_attn_weights(
mesh, length_dim, memory_length_dim,
variable_dtype) if params["causal"] else None
# Add attn_bias into mtf_features
other_features["attn_bias"] = attn_bias
# Define other Dimensions that we'll need inside the model
embd_dim = mtf.Dimension("embd", params["n_embd"])
vocab_dim = mtf.Dimension("vocab", params["n_vocab"])
# We need this because gathering when both the args have the same dimension in them breaks things
# This dim is specifically for the weights
# This prevents the "Einsum has lhs dimension without corresponding rhs or output dimension." error
embed_sequence_dim = mtf.Dimension("embed_sequence", params["n_ctx"])
other_features["embd_dim"] = embd_dim
other_features["vocab_dim"] = vocab_dim
other_features["embed_sequence_dim"] = embed_sequence_dim
other_features["memory_length_dim"] = memory_length_dim
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
# Set up the model for prediction
inputs = mtf_features["inputs"]
if params["remove_partial_sequences"] is None:
params["remove_partial_sequences"] = False
export = params.get("export", False)
if not export:
mtf_samples = sample_autoregressive(
inputs,
other_features=other_features,
params=params,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
remove_partial_sequences=params["remove_partial_sequences"],
stop_at_token=params["eos_id"],
sampling_use_entmax=params['sampling_use_entmax'])
else:
with mtf.utils.outside_all_rewrites():
with tf.variable_scope('gpt2'):
mtf_samples, loss, loss_batch = gpt2.model(
mtf_features,
other_features,
params,
mesh,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
context=None)
mtf_samples = mtf.anonymize(mtf_samples)
inputs = mtf.anonymize(inputs)
lowering = mtf.Lowering(graph, {mesh: mesh_impl}, autostack=True)
inputs = lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(inputs)
outputs = lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(mtf_samples)
predictions = {"inputs": inputs, "outputs": outputs}
def scaffold_fn():
return tf.train.Scaffold(
local_init_op=tf.group(
tf.train.Scaffold.default_local_init_op(),
lowering.copy_masters_to_slices(),
name="mtf_local_init_op"),
ready_op=tf.concat([
tf.report_uninitialized_variables(),
resources.report_uninitialized_resources()
],
axis=0,
name="mtf_ready_op"))
return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
mode=tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT,
predictions=predictions,
scaffold_fn=scaffold_fn,
prediction_hooks=[mtf.MtfRestoreHook(lowering)])
# We're not predicting, so we better be training or evaluating
assert (mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN
or mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL)
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
# Gets number of microbatches per batch for serialized training
# if param tokens_per_mb_per_replica = None, this defaults to 1 and no microbatching is performed
num_microbatches = int(
mtf_transformer.utils.serialize_num_microbatches(
batch_dim=batch_dim,
sequence_length=sequence_length_dict,
mesh_shape=mesh_shape,
layout_rules=layout_rules,
tokens_per_microbatch_per_replica=params[
"tokens_per_mb_per_replica"]))
else:
num_microbatches = 1
params[
"num_microbatches"] = num_microbatches # Add num microbatches to params
if num_microbatches > 1:
# For serialize_training_step we need to modify the model to output results in a dict
def serialized_fn(mtf_features):
if params["model"] == "GPT":
with tf.variable_scope('gpt2'):
logits, loss, loss_batch = gpt2.model(
mtf_features,
other_features,
params,
mesh,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype)
return {
"logits": logits,
"loss": loss,
"loss_batch": loss_batch
}
else:
raise Exception(
f"'{params['model']}' is not a valid model - please select from [GPT]"
)
# Serialize the training step - Gradients are accumulated locally and reduced once.
var_grads, output_dict = mtf.serialize_training_step(
mtf_features, serialized_fn, batch_dim, num_microbatches)
loss = output_dict["loss"]
loss_batch = output_dict["loss_batch"]
logits = output_dict["logits"]
else:
# If we're not splitting into microbatches, return logits & loss as is
if params["model"] == "GPT":
with mtf.utils.outside_all_rewrites():
with tf.variable_scope('gpt2'):
logits, loss, loss_batch = gpt2.model(
mtf_features,
other_features,
params,
mesh,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
context=None)
else:
raise Exception(
f"'{params['model']}' is not a valid model - please select from [GPT]"
)
# Auto layout generation
if params["auto_layout"]:
auto_layout(graph, mesh_shape, logits, loss)
if params["auto_layout_and_mesh_shape"]:
auto_layout_and_mesh_shape(graph, params["num_cores"], logits, loss)
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
# In TRAIN mode, get optimizer
if params["num_microbatches"] > 1:
# If we are splitting the batch into microbatches, var grads are created in the serialize_training_step fn
# So we pass them in here
_, update_ops, var_grads = get_optimizer(
mesh,
loss,
params,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
inp_var_grads=var_grads)
else:
# Otherwise, they are created in the get_optimizer fn, so we leave inp_var_grads blank
_, update_ops, var_grads = get_optimizer(
mesh, loss, params, variable_dtype=variable_dtype)
# Log summaries to tensorboard
mtf.scalar_summary("loss", loss)
# Log gradients if in params
if params["log_grads"] not in [None, False]:
for g in var_grads:
grad_norm = mtf.sqrt(mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(g)))
mtf.scalar_summary("grads/norm" + g.name[:-2], grad_norm)
else:
# For now, we can only export fully-replicated tensors.
# This has to be done before lowering or they will not be included in the graph
mean_logits = mtf.reduce_mean(logits, reduced_dim=vocab_dim)
max_logits = mtf.argmax(logits, vocab_dim)
del logits
fully_replicated_mean_logits = mtf.anonymize(mean_logits)
fully_replicated_max_logits = mtf.anonymize(max_logits)
fully_replicated_loss_batch = mtf.anonymize(loss_batch)
# Gets & prints info about no. trainable vars in the model & dimension names
get_graph_info(graph)
# 'lowers' mtf tensors into a tf graph - this enables us to export results as tf tensors
lowering = mtf.Lowering(graph, {mesh: mesh_impl}, autostack=True)
tf_loss = lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(loss)
tf_loss = tf.cast(tf_loss, tf.float32)
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
# Use our patched version until mtf updates theirs
host_call = create_host_call(params['model_path'])
mtf.utils.remove_summaries()
# Creates train_op
tf_update_ops = [lowering.lowered_operation(op) for op in update_ops]
tf_update_ops.append(tf.assign_add(
global_step, 1)) # Need to manually increment global_step
tf.logging.info(f"tf_update_ops: {tf_update_ops}")
train_op = tf.group(tf_update_ops)
else:
tf_mean_logits = lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(
fully_replicated_mean_logits)
tf_max_logits = lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(
fully_replicated_max_logits)
tf_loss_batch = tf.to_float(
lowering.export_to_tf_tensor(fully_replicated_loss_batch))
with mtf.utils.outside_all_rewrites():
# Copy master variables to slices. Must be called first.
restore_hook = mtf.MtfRestoreHook(lowering)
if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN:
# Set up the checkpoint server and return the TPUEstimatorSpec
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.global_variables(),
sharded=True,
max_to_keep=10,
keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=2,
defer_build=False,
save_relative_paths=True)
tf.add_to_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SAVERS, saver)
saver_listener = mtf.MtfCheckpointSaverListener(lowering)
saver_hook = tf.train.CheckpointSaverHook(
params["model_path"],
save_steps=params["steps_per_checkpoint"],
saver=saver,
listeners=[saver_listener])
return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
tf.estimator.ModeKeys.TRAIN,
loss=tf_loss,
host_call=host_call,
train_op=train_op,
training_hooks=[restore_hook, saver_hook])
elif mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL:
# Evaluation metrics
def _perplexity(loss):
perplexity = tf.exp(loss)
return tf.metrics.mean(perplexity)
def _bits_per_byte(loss):
bpb = loss * (0.29335 / math.log(2))
return tf.metrics.mean(bpb)
def _metric_fn(tf_mean_logits, tf_loss_batch):
mean_logits = tf.metrics.mean(tf_mean_logits)
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf_loss_batch)
perp = _perplexity(loss)
bpb = _bits_per_byte(loss)
return {
"mean_logits": mean_logits,
"perplexity": perp,
"bits per byte": bpb
}
def _lambada_metric_fn(labels, tf_max_logits, tf_loss_batch):
eos_token = params["eos_id"]
answer_positions = tf.where(
tf.math.not_equal(labels, eos_token))
correct_answers = tf.gather_nd(
tf.math.equal(tf_max_logits, labels), answer_positions)
accuracy = tf.metrics.mean(tf.cast(correct_answers,
tf.float32))
# I guess tf_loss_batch has z_loss and maybe other stuff added to it
# so maybe this should be calculated separately in the future
answer_loss = tf.gather_nd(tf_loss_batch, answer_positions)
log_perplexity = tf.metrics.mean(answer_loss)
return {
"lambada_acc": accuracy,
"lambada_log_ppl": log_perplexity
}
eval_task = params["eval_task"]
if eval_task == "lambada":
eval_metrics = (_lambada_metric_fn,
[labels, tf_max_logits, tf_loss_batch])
else:
eval_metrics = (_metric_fn, [tf_mean_logits, tf_loss_batch])
return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL,
evaluation_hooks=[restore_hook],
loss=tf_loss,
eval_metrics=eval_metrics)
def transformer_moe_layer_v2(inputs,
output_dim,
hparams,
train,
variable_dtype,
layout=None,
mesh_shape=None,
nonpadding=None):
"""2-level mixture of experts.
Adapted from the paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06538
Note: until the algorithm and inferface solidify, we pass in a hyperparameters
dictionary in order not to complicate the interface in mtf_transformer.py .
Once this code moves out of "research", we should pass the hyperparameters
separately.
Hyperparameters used:
hparams.moe_num_experts: number of experts
hparams.moe_hidden_size: size of hidden layer in each expert
hparams.moe_group_size: size of each "group" for gating purposes
hparams.moe_capacity_factor_train: a float
hparams.moe_capacity_factor_eval: a float
hparams.moe_capacity_factor_second_level: a float
hparams.moe_gating: a string
+ all hyperparmeters used by _top_2_gating()
One set of params for experts in first level and different of hparams
per expert in the second level.
The number of parameters in the gating network is:
(input_dim.size * (hparams.num_experts) +
(moe_hidden_size * hparams.num_experts) * hparams.num_experts
The number of parameters in the experts themselves is:
(hparams.num_experts
* (input_dim.size + output_dim.size)
* hparams.moe_hidden_size)
The input is n-dimensional: [<batch_and_length_dims>, input_dim], consisting
of the representations of all positions in a batch of sequences.
Each position of each sequence is sent to 0-3 experts. The expert
choices and the combination weights are determined by a learned gating
function.
This function returns a small auxiliary loss that should be added to the
training loss of the model. This loss helps to balance expert usage.
Without the loss, it is very likely that a few experts will be trained and
the rest will starve.
Several hacks are necessary to get around current TPU limitations:
- To ensure static shapes, we enforce (by truncation/padding)
that each sequence send the same number of elements to each expert.
It would make more sense to enforce this equality over the entire batch,
but due to our hacked-up gather-by-matmul implementation, we need to divide
the batch into "groups". For each group, the same number of elements
are sent to each expert.
TODO(noam): Factor this code better. We want to be able to substitute
different code for the experts themselves.
Dimensions cheat sheet:
a, b: batch size
l: original sequence length
m: input depth
n: output depth
g, h: number of groups
s, t: group size
x, y: number of experts
c, d: expert capacity
input: [a0, b1, l, m]
input: [a0, g1, s, m]
dispatch_tensor_x: [a0, g1, s, x, c]
expert_input: [a0, g1, x, c, m]
alltoall: [a0, g, x1, c, m]
alltoall: [a0, g, x1, c, m]
transpose: [x1, a0, g, c, m]
reshape: [x1, h0, s, m]
assignment2: [x1, h0, t, y, d]
expert_input2: [x1, h0, y, d, m]
alltoall: [x1, h, y0, d, m]
...
reverse of that
gating params 0: [m, x]
gating params 1: [x1, m, y]
expert params:
[x1, y0, m, hidden]
[x1, y0, hidden, n]
Args:
inputs: a mtf.Tensor with shape [a, b, l, m]
output_dim: a mtf.Dimension (for Transformer, this is input_dim)
hparams: model hyperparameters
train: a boolean
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
layout: optional - an input to mtf.convert_to_layout_rules
mesh_shape: optional - an input to mtf.convert_to_shape
nonpadding: an optional mtf.Tensor with shape [a, b, l]
and the same dtype as inputs, consisting of ones(nonpadding)
and zeros(padding).
Returns:
outputs: a Tensor with shape [a, b, l, n]
loss: a mtf scalar
Raises:
ValueError: on unrecognized hparams.moe_gating
"""
if nonpadding is not None:
nonpadding = mtf.zeros(inputs.mesh,
inputs.shape.dims[:-1],
dtype=inputs.dtype) + nonpadding
insert_outer_batch_dim = (len(inputs.shape.dims) == 3)
if insert_outer_batch_dim:
inputs = mtf.reshape(inputs, [mtf.Dimension("outer_batch", 1)] +
inputs.shape.dims)
assert len(hparams.moe_num_experts) == 2
a0, b1, l, m = inputs.shape.dims
hidden_dim = mtf.Dimension("expert_hidden", hparams.moe_hidden_size)
x1 = mtf.Dimension("expert_x", hparams.moe_num_experts[0])
y0 = mtf.Dimension("expert_y", hparams.moe_num_experts[1])
x = mtf.Dimension("expert_x_unsplit", hparams.moe_num_experts[0])
y = mtf.Dimension("expert_y_unsplit", hparams.moe_num_experts[1])
n = output_dim
# We "cheat" here and look at the mesh shape and layout. This is to ensure
# that the number of groups (g.size) is a multiple of the mesh dimension
# over which those groups are split.
num_groups, group_size = _split_into_groups(
b1.size * l.size, hparams.moe_group_size,
mtf.tensor_dim_to_mesh_dim_size(layout, mesh_shape, b1))
g1 = mtf.Dimension(b1.name, num_groups)
g = mtf.Dimension(b1.name + "_unsplit", g1.size)
s = mtf.Dimension("group_size_x", group_size)
# Each sequence sends (at most?) expert_capacity positions to each expert.
# Static expert_capacity dimension is needed for expert batch sizes
if train:
capacity_factor = hparams.moe_capacity_factor_train
else:
capacity_factor = hparams.moe_capacity_factor_eval
expert_capacity = min(s.size, int((s.size * capacity_factor) / x.size))
expert_capacity = max(expert_capacity, 4)
c = mtf.Dimension("expert_capacity_x", expert_capacity)
# We "cheat" here and look at the mesh shape and layout. This is to ensure
# that the number of groups (h.size) is a multiple of the mesh dimension
# over which those groups are split.
num_groups, group_size = _split_into_groups(
a0.size * g.size * c.size, hparams.moe_group_size,
mtf.tensor_dim_to_mesh_dim_size(layout, mesh_shape, a0))
t = mtf.Dimension("group_size_y", group_size)
h0 = mtf.Dimension(a0.name, num_groups)
h = mtf.Dimension(a0.name + "_unsplit", h0.size)
expert_capacity = min(
t.size,
int((t.size * hparams.moe_capacity_factor_second_level) / y.size))
expert_capacity = max(expert_capacity, 4)
d = mtf.Dimension("expert_capacity_y", expert_capacity)
# First level of expert routing
# Reshape the inner batch size to a multiple of group_dim g1 and
# group_size_dim s.
inputs = mtf.reshape(inputs, [a0, g1, s, m])
if nonpadding is not None:
nonpadding = mtf.reshape(nonpadding, [a0, g1, s])
# Get the assignments for the first level.
# dispatch_tensor_x has shape [a0, g1, s, x, c]
if hparams.moe_gating == "top_2":
dispatch_tensor_x, combine_tensor_x, loss_outer = _top_2_gating(
inputs=inputs,
outer_expert_dims=None,
experts_dim=x,
expert_capacity_dim=c,
hparams=hparams,
train=train,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name="outer_gating",
importance=nonpadding)
else:
raise ValueError("unknown hparams.moe_gating=%s" % hparams.moe_gating)
# Now create expert_inputs based on the assignments.
# put num_experts dimension first to make split easier in alltoall
expert_inputs_x = mtf.einsum([inputs, dispatch_tensor_x],
[x, a0, g1, c, m])
# we construct an "importance" Tensor for the inputs to the second-level
# gating. The importance of an input is 1.0 if it represents the
# first-choice expert-group and 0.5 if it represents the second-choice expert
# group. This is used by the second-level gating.
importance = mtf.reduce_sum(combine_tensor_x, output_shape=[x, a0, g1, c])
importance = 0.5 * (mtf.to_float(mtf.greater(importance, 0.5)) +
mtf.to_float(mtf.greater(importance, 0.0)))
# First level, all to all. Here we change the split dimension from g1 to x1.
expert_inputs_x = mtf.reshape(expert_inputs_x, mtf.Shape([x1, a0, g, c,
m]))
importance = mtf.reshape(importance, [x1, a0, g, c])
# Second level of expert routing
# Reshape the expert_inputs outer batch dim to be a multiple of group_dim h0
# and group_size_dim t.
inputs_y = mtf.reshape(expert_inputs_x, [x1, h0, t, m])
importance = mtf.reshape(importance, [x1, h0, t])
# Get the assignments for the second level.
# dispatch_tensor_y has shape [x1, h0, t, y, d]
if hparams.moe_gating == "top_2":
dispatch_tensor_y, combine_tensor_y, loss_inner = _top_2_gating(
inputs=inputs_y,
outer_expert_dims=[x1],
experts_dim=y,
expert_capacity_dim=d,
hparams=hparams,
train=train,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
importance=importance,
name="inner_gating")
else:
raise ValueError("unknown hparams.moe_gating=%s" % hparams.moe_gating)
# Now create expert_inputs based on the assignments.
# put num_experts dimension first to make split easier in alltoall
expert_inputs_y = mtf.einsum([inputs_y, dispatch_tensor_y],
[y, x1, h0, d, m])
# Second level, all to all. Here we change the split dimension from h0 to y0.
expert_inputs_y = mtf.reshape(expert_inputs_y, mtf.Shape([y0, x1, h, d,
m]))
hidden_output = mtf.layers.dense(expert_inputs_y,
hidden_dim,
expert_dims=[y0, x1],
activation=mtf.relu,
use_bias=False,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name="wi")
expert_output = mtf.layers.dense(hidden_output,
output_dim,
expert_dims=[y0, x1],
use_bias=False,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name="wo")
# NOW COMBINE EXPERT OUTPUTS (reversing everything we have done)
# expert_output has shape [y0, x1, h, d, n]
# alltoall
expert_output = mtf.reshape(expert_output, mtf.Shape([y, x1, h0, d, n]))
# combine results from inner level
output_y = mtf.einsum([expert_output, combine_tensor_y], [x1, h0, t, n])
# Reshape the combined tensor from inner level to now contain outer_batch_dim
# a0 and group_dim g
output = mtf.reshape(output_y, [x1, a0, g, c, n])
# alltoall from expert_dim x to group_dim g1
expert_output_x = mtf.reshape(output, mtf.Shape([x, a0, g1, c, n]))
# combine results from outer level
output_x = mtf.einsum([expert_output_x, combine_tensor_x], [a0, g1, s, n])
# Reshape the combined tensor to now contain inner_batch_dim
# b1 and the original sequence length
output = mtf.reshape(output_x, [a0, b1, l, n])
if insert_outer_batch_dim:
output = mtf.reshape(output, [b1, l, n])
return output, (loss_outer + loss_inner) * hparams.moe_loss_coef
def compute_loss(logits, positions):
one_hot_positions = mtf.one_hot(positions, output_dim=seq_dim)
log_probs = mtf.log_softmax(logits, seq_dim)
loss = -mtf.reduce_mean(
mtf.reduce_sum(one_hot_positions * log_probs, reduced_dim=seq_dim))
return loss
def recon_model(mesh,
data,
R0,
x0,
nc=FLAGS.nc,
bs=FLAGS.box_size,
batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size,
a0=FLAGS.a0,
a=FLAGS.af,
nsteps=FLAGS.nsteps,
dtype=tf.float32):
"""
Prototype of function computing LPT deplacement.
Returns output tensorflow and mesh tensorflow tensors
"""
if dtype == tf.float32:
npdtype = "float32"
cdtype = tf.complex64
elif dtype == tf.float64:
npdtype = "float64"
cdtype = tf.complex128
print(dtype, npdtype)
# Compute a few things first, using simple tensorflow
stages = np.linspace(a0, a, nsteps, endpoint=True)
# Define the named dimensions
# Parameters of the small scales decomposition
n_block_x = FLAGS.nx
n_block_y = FLAGS.ny
n_block_z = 1
halo_size = FLAGS.hsize
if halo_size >= 0.5 * min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y,
nc // n_block_z):
new_size = int(0.5 *
min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y, nc // n_block_z))
print('WARNING: REDUCING HALO SIZE from %d to %d' %
(halo_size, new_size))
halo_size = new_size
# Parameters of the large scales decomposition
fx_dim = mtf.Dimension("nx", nc)
fy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ny", nc)
fz_dim = mtf.Dimension("nz", nc)
tfx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx", nc)
tfy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty", nc)
tfz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz", nc)
tx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx_lr", nc)
ty_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty_lr", nc)
tz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz_lr", nc)
nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('nx_block', n_block_x)
ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('ny_block', n_block_y)
nz_dim = mtf.Dimension('nz_block', n_block_z)
sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('sx_block', nc // n_block_x)
sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('sy_block', nc // n_block_y)
sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('sz_block', nc // n_block_z)
k_dims = [tx_dim, ty_dim, tz_dim]
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size)
klin = np.loadtxt('../data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[0]
plin = np.loadtxt('../data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[1]
ipklin = iuspline(klin, plin)
pk_dim = mtf.Dimension("npk", len(plin))
pk = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, plin.astype(npdtype), shape=[pk_dim])
# Compute necessary Fourier kernels
kvec = flowpm.kernels.fftk((nc, nc, nc), symmetric=False)
kx = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfx_dim])
ky = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfy_dim])
kz = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfz_dim])
kv = [ky, kz, kx]
# kvec for low resolution grid
kvec_lr = flowpm.kernels.fftk([nc, nc, nc], symmetric=False)
kx_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tx_dim])
ky_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[ty_dim])
kz_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tz_dim])
kv_lr = [ky_lr, kz_lr, kx_lr]
shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
lr_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
hr_shape = [batch_dim, nx_dim, ny_dim, nz_dim, sx_dim, sy_dim, sz_dim]
part_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
# Begin simulation
if x0 is None:
fieldvar = mtf.get_variable(mesh,
'linear',
part_shape,
initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(
mean=0.0, stddev=1, seed=None))
else:
fieldvar = mtf.get_variable(mesh,
'linear',
part_shape,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(x0))
print("\nfieldvar : \n", fieldvar)
# Here we can run our nbody
if FLAGS.nbody:
state = mtfpm.lpt_init_single(
fieldvar,
a0,
kv_lr,
halo_size,
lr_shape,
hr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
antialias=True,
)
# Here we can run our nbody
final_state = mtfpm.nbody_single(state, stages, lr_shape, hr_shape,
kv_lr, halo_size)
else:
final_state = mtfpm.lpt_init_single(
fieldvar,
stages[-1],
kv_lr,
halo_size,
lr_shape,
hr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
antialias=True,
)
# paint the field
final_field = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=hr_shape)
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.pad(final_field, [halo_size, halo_size],
block_size_dim.name)
final_field = mesh_utils.cic_paint(final_field, final_state[0], halo_size)
# Halo exchange
for blocks_dim, block_size_dim in zip(hr_shape[1:4],
final_field.shape[-3:]):
final_field = mpm.halo_reduce(final_field, blocks_dim, block_size_dim,
halo_size)
# Remove borders
for block_size_dim in hr_shape[-3:]:
final_field = mtf.slice(final_field, halo_size, block_size_dim.size,
block_size_dim.name)
final_field = mtf.slicewise(
lambda x: x[:, 0, 0, 0], [final_field],
output_dtype=dtype,
output_shape=[batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim],
name='my_dumb_reshape',
splittable_dims=part_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[:4])
mtfdata = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
tf.convert_to_tensor(data),
shape=shape)
# Get prior
k_dims_pr = [d.shape[0] for d in kv]
k_dims_pr = [k_dims_pr[2], k_dims_pr[0], k_dims_pr[1]]
cfield = mesh_utils.r2c3d(fieldvar, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
def _cwise_prior(kfield, pk, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = tf.sqrt((kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2)
kshape = kk.shape
kk = tf.reshape(kk, [-1])
pkmesh = tfp.math.interp_regular_1d_grid(
x=kk,
x_ref_min=1e-05,
x_ref_max=1000.0,
y_ref=pk,
grid_regularizing_transform=tf.log)
priormesh = tf.reshape(pkmesh, kshape)
return tf.abs(kfield) / priormesh**0.5
cpfield = mtf.cwise(_cwise_prior, [cfield, pk] + kv,
output_dtype=tf.float32)
prior = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(cpfield)) * bs**3 #*nc**3
# Total loss
diff = (final_field - mtfdata)
R0 = tf.constant(R0)
print("R0 in the recon_model : ", R0)
def _cwise_smooth(kfield, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = (kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2
wts = tf.cast(tf.exp(-kk * (R0 * bs / nc)**2), kfield.dtype)
return kfield * wts
# Element-wise function that applies a Fourier kernel
plambda = FLAGS.plambda
def _cwise_logprob(finalfield, data):
galmean = tfp.distributions.Poisson(rate=plambda * (1 + finalfield))
logprob = galmean.log_prob(data)
return -1 * logprob
cfield = mesh_utils.r2c3d(final_field, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
cfield = mtf.cwise(_cwise_smooth, [cfield] + kv, output_dtype=cdtype)
final_fieldsm = mesh_utils.c2r3d(cfield, diff.shape[-3:], dtype=dtype)
chisq = mtf.cwise(_cwise_logprob, [final_fieldsm, mtfdata],
output_dtype=tf.float32) #
chisq = mtf.reduce_sum(chisq)
## #
loss = chisq + prior
def _cwise_sample(finalfield, data):
galmean = tfp.distributions.Poisson(rate=plambda * (1 + finalfield))
sample = galmean.sample()
return sample
sample = mtf.cwise(_cwise_sample, [final_fieldsm, mtfdata],
output_dtype=tf.float32) #
fields = [fieldvar, sample]
metrics = [chisq, prior, loss]
return fields, metrics, kv
def _top_2_gating(inputs,
outer_expert_dims,
experts_dim,
expert_capacity_dim,
hparams,
train,
variable_dtype,
importance=None,
name="top_2_gating"):
"""Compute gating for mixture-of-experts in TensorFlow.
Note: until the algorithm and inferface solidify, we pass in a hyperparameters
dictionary in order not to complicate the interface in mtf_transformer.py .
Once this code moves out of "research", we should pass the hyperparameters
separately.
Hyperparameters used:
hparams.moe_use_second_place_loss: a boolean
hparams.moe_second_policy_train: a string
hparams.moe_second_policy_eval: a string
hparams.moe_second_threshold: a float
The returned forward assignment is a tensor used to map (via einsum) from the
inputs to the expert_inputs. Likewise, the returned combine_tensor is
used to map (via einsum) from the expert outputs to the outputs. Both the
forward and backward assignments are mostly zeros. The shapes of the tensors
are as follows.
inputs: [<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, input_dim]
importance: [<batch_dims>, group_size_dim]
dispatch_tensor:
[<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim]
expert_inputs:
[<batch_dims>, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim, input_dim]
expert_outputs: [<batch_dims>, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim, output_dim]
combine_tensor:
[<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim]
outputs: [<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, output_dim]
"importance" is an optional tensor with one floating-point value for each
input vector. If the importance of an input is 1.0, then we send it to
up to 2 experts. If 0.0 < importance < 1.0, then we send it to at most
one expert. If importance == 0.0, then we send it to no experts.
We use "importance" at the second-level gating function of a hierarchical
mixture of experts. Inputs to the first-choice expert-group get importance
1.0. Inputs to the second-choice expert group get importance 0.5.
Inputs that represent padding get importance 0.0.
Args:
inputs: a mtf.Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, input_dim]
outer_expert_dims: an optional list of dimensions. This is for the case
where we are at an inner level of a hierarchical MoE.
experts_dim: a Dimension (the number of experts)
expert_capacity_dim: a Dimension (number of examples per group per expert)
hparams: model hyperparameters.
train: a boolean
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
importance: an optional tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, group_size_dim]
name: an optional string
Returns:
dispatch_tensor: a Tensor with shape
[<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim]
combine_tensor: a Tensor with shape
[<batch_dims>, group_size_dim, experts_dim, expert_capacity_dim]
loss: a mtf scalar
Raises:
ValueError: on illegal hyperparameters
"""
group_size_dim, unused_input_dim = inputs.shape.dims[-2:]
raw_gates = mtf.layers.dense(inputs,
experts_dim,
use_bias=False,
expert_dims=outer_expert_dims,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
name=name)
raw_gates = mtf.softmax(raw_gates, experts_dim)
# The internals of this function run in float32.
# bfloat16 seems to reduce quality.
raw_gates = mtf.to_float(raw_gates)
expert_capacity_f = float(expert_capacity_dim.size)
# FIND TOP 2 EXPERTS PER POSITON
# Find the top expert for each position. shape=[batch, group]
index_1, gate_1 = mtf.top_1(raw_gates, experts_dim)
# [batch, group, experts]
mask_1 = mtf.one_hot(index_1, experts_dim, dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
density_1_proxy = raw_gates
if importance is not None:
mask_1 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0))
gate_1 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0))
density_1_proxy *= mtf.to_float(mtf.equal(importance, 1.0))
gates_without_top_1 = raw_gates * (1.0 - mask_1)
# [batch, group]
index_2, gate_2 = mtf.top_1(gates_without_top_1, experts_dim)
# [batch, group, experts]
mask_2 = mtf.one_hot(index_2, experts_dim, dtype=raw_gates.dtype)
if importance is not None:
mask_2 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.greater(importance, 0.0))
denom = gate_1 + gate_2 + 1e-9
gate_1 /= denom
gate_2 /= denom
# BALANCING LOSSES
# shape = [batch, experts]
# We want to equalize the fraction of the batch assigned to each expert
density_1 = mtf.reduce_mean(mask_1, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
# Something continuous that is correlated with what we want to equalize.
density_1_proxy = mtf.reduce_mean(density_1_proxy,
reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
loss = (mtf.reduce_mean(density_1_proxy * density_1) *
float(experts_dim.size * experts_dim.size))
if hparams.moe_use_second_place_loss:
# Also add a loss to encourage all experts to be used equally also as the
# second-place expert. Experimentally, this seems to be a wash.
# We want to equalize the fraction of the batch assigned to each expert:
density_2 = mtf.reduce_mean(mask_2, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
# As a proxy for density_2, we renormalize the raw gates after the top one
# has been removed.
normalized = gates_without_top_1 / (mtf.reduce_sum(
gates_without_top_1, reduced_dim=experts_dim) + 1e-9)
density_2_proxy = mtf.reduce_mean(normalized,
reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
loss_2 = (mtf.reduce_mean(density_2_proxy * density_2) *
float(experts_dim.size * experts_dim.size))
loss += loss_2 * 0.5
# Depending on the policy in the hparams, we may drop out some of the
# second-place experts.
if train:
policy = hparams.moe_second_policy_train
threshold = hparams.moe_second_threshold_train
else:
policy = hparams.moe_second_policy_eval
threshold = hparams.moe_second_threshold_eval
if policy == "all":
# Use second-place experts for all examples.
pass
elif policy == "none":
# Never use second-place experts for all examples.
mask_2 = mtf.zeros_like(mask_2)
elif policy == "threshold":
# Use second-place experts if gate_2 > threshold.
mask_2 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.greater(gate_2, threshold))
elif policy == "random":
# Use second-place experts with probablity min(1.0, gate_2 / threshold).
mask_2 *= mtf.to_float(
mtf.less(mtf.random_uniform(gate_2.mesh, gate_2.shape),
gate_2 / max(threshold, 1e-9)))
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown policy %s" % policy)
# COMPUTE ASSIGNMENT TO EXPERTS
# [batch, group, experts]
# This is the position within the expert's mini-batch for this sequence
position_in_expert_1 = mtf.cumsum(mask_1, group_size_dim,
exclusive=True) * mask_1
# Remove the elements that don't fit. [batch, group, experts]
mask_1 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.less(position_in_expert_1, expert_capacity_f))
# [batch, experts]
# How many examples in this sequence go to this expert
mask_1_count = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_1, reduced_dim=group_size_dim)
# [batch, group] - mostly ones, but zeros where something didn't fit
mask_1_flat = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_1, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
# [batch, group]
position_in_expert_1 = mtf.reduce_sum(position_in_expert_1,
reduced_dim=experts_dim)
# Weight assigned to first expert. [batch, group]
gate_1 *= mask_1_flat
# [batch, group, experts]
position_in_expert_2 = (
mtf.cumsum(mask_2, group_size_dim, exclusive=True) + mask_1_count)
position_in_expert_2 *= mask_2
mask_2 *= mtf.to_float(mtf.less(position_in_expert_2, expert_capacity_f))
# mask_2_count = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_2, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
mask_2_flat = mtf.reduce_sum(mask_2, reduced_dim=experts_dim)
gate_2 *= mask_2_flat
position_in_expert_2 = mtf.reduce_sum(position_in_expert_2,
reduced_dim=experts_dim)
# [batch, group, experts, expert_capacity]
combine_tensor = (
gate_1 * mask_1_flat * mtf.one_hot(index_1, experts_dim) *
mtf.one_hot(mtf.to_int32(position_in_expert_1), expert_capacity_dim) +
gate_2 * mask_2_flat * mtf.one_hot(index_2, experts_dim) *
mtf.one_hot(mtf.to_int32(position_in_expert_2), expert_capacity_dim))
combine_tensor = mtf.cast(combine_tensor, inputs.dtype)
loss = mtf.cast(loss, inputs.dtype)
dispatch_tensor = mtf.cast(mtf.cast(combine_tensor, tf.bool),
combine_tensor.dtype)
return dispatch_tensor, combine_tensor, loss
def recon_model(mesh,
data,
bparams,
ipkerror,
R0,
x0,
nc=FLAGS.nc,
bs=FLAGS.box_size,
batch_size=FLAGS.batch_size,
a0=FLAGS.a0,
a=FLAGS.af,
nsteps=FLAGS.nsteps,
dtype=tf.float32):
"""
Prototype of function computing LPT deplacement.
Returns output tensorflow and mesh tensorflow tensors
"""
b1, b2, bs2 = bparams
kerror, perror = ipkerror[0].astype(np.float32), ipkerror[1].astype(
np.float32)
if dtype == tf.float32:
npdtype = "float32"
cdtype = tf.complex64
elif dtype == tf.float64:
npdtype = "float64"
cdtype = tf.complex128
print("Dtype : ", dtype, npdtype)
# Compute a few things first, using simple tensorflow
kny = 1 * np.pi * nc / bs
R1, R2 = 3., 3 * 1.2
stages = np.linspace(a0, a, nsteps, endpoint=True)
# Define the named dimensions
# Parameters of the small scales decomposition
n_block_x = FLAGS.nx
n_block_y = FLAGS.ny
n_block_z = 1
halo_size = FLAGS.hsize
if halo_size >= 0.5 * min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y,
nc // n_block_z):
new_size = int(0.5 *
min(nc // n_block_x, nc // n_block_y, nc // n_block_z))
print('WARNING: REDUCING HALO SIZE from %d to %d' %
(halo_size, new_size))
halo_size = new_size
# Parameters of the large scales decomposition
scalar = mtf.Dimension("scalar", 1)
fx_dim = mtf.Dimension("nx", nc)
fy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ny", nc)
fz_dim = mtf.Dimension("nz", nc)
tfx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx", nc)
tfy_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty", nc)
tfz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz", nc)
tx_dim = mtf.Dimension("tx_lr", nc)
ty_dim = mtf.Dimension("ty_lr", nc)
tz_dim = mtf.Dimension("tz_lr", nc)
nx_dim = mtf.Dimension('nx_block', n_block_x)
ny_dim = mtf.Dimension('ny_block', n_block_y)
nz_dim = mtf.Dimension('nz_block', n_block_z)
sx_dim = mtf.Dimension('sx_block', nc // n_block_x)
sy_dim = mtf.Dimension('sy_block', nc // n_block_y)
sz_dim = mtf.Dimension('sz_block', nc // n_block_z)
#k_dims = [tx_dim, ty_dim, tz_dim]
batch_dim = mtf.Dimension("batch", batch_size)
klin = np.loadtxt('..//data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[0]
plin = np.loadtxt('..//data/Planck15_a1p00.txt').T[1]
ipklin = iuspline(klin, plin)
pk_dim = mtf.Dimension("npk", len(plin))
pk = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh, plin.astype(npdtype), shape=[pk_dim])
pke_dim = mtf.Dimension("epk", len(perror))
pkerror = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
perror.astype(npdtype),
shape=[pke_dim])
# Compute necessary Fourier kernels
kvec = flowpm.kernels.fftk((nc, nc, nc), symmetric=False)
kx = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfx_dim])
ky = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfy_dim])
kz = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tfz_dim])
kv = [ky, kz, kx]
# kvec for low resolution grid
kvec_lr = flowpm.kernels.fftk([nc, nc, nc], symmetric=False)
kx_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[0].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tx_dim])
ky_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[1].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[ty_dim])
kz_lr = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
kvec_lr[2].squeeze().astype('float32'),
shape=[tz_dim])
kv_lr = [ky_lr, kz_lr, kx_lr]
shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
lr_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
hr_shape = [batch_dim, nx_dim, ny_dim, nz_dim, sx_dim, sy_dim, sz_dim]
part_shape = [batch_dim, fx_dim, fy_dim, fz_dim]
splittables = lr_shape[:-1] + hr_shape[1:4] + part_shape[1:3]
#
# Begin simulation
if x0 is None:
fieldvar = mtf.get_variable(mesh,
'linear',
part_shape,
initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer(
mean=0.0, stddev=1, seed=None))
else:
fieldvar = mtf.get_variable(mesh,
'linear',
part_shape,
initializer=tf.constant_initializer(x0))
state = mtfpm.lpt_init_single(
fieldvar,
a0,
kv_lr,
halo_size,
lr_shape,
hr_shape,
part_shape[1:],
antialias=True,
)
final_state = mtfpm.nbody_single(state, stages, lr_shape, hr_shape, kv_lr,
halo_size)
# paint the field
final_field = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=part_shape)
final_field = mcomp.cic_paint_fr(final_field, final_state, part_shape,
hr_shape, halo_size, splittables, mesh)
##
#Get the fields for bias
hr_field = mcomp.fr_to_hr(final_field, hr_shape, halo_size, splittables,
mesh)
mstate = mpm.mtf_indices(hr_field.mesh,
shape=part_shape[1:],
dtype=tf.float32)
X = mtf.einsum([mtf.ones(hr_field.mesh, [batch_dim]), mstate],
output_shape=[batch_dim] + mstate.shape[:])
k_dims_pr = [d.shape[0] for d in kv]
k_dims_pr = [k_dims_pr[2], k_dims_pr[0], k_dims_pr[1]]
tfnc, tfbs = cswisef.float_to_mtf(nc * 1., mesh,
scalar), cswisef.float_to_mtf(
bs, mesh, scalar)
#
initc = fieldvar
d0 = initc - mtf.reduce_mean(initc)
#
d2 = initc * initc
d2 = d2 - mtf.reduce_mean(d2)
#
cfield = mesh_utils.r2c3d(d0, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
shearfield = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=part_shape)
shearfield = shear(shearfield, cfield, kv, tfnc, tfbs)
s2 = shearfield - mtf.reduce_mean(shearfield)
dread = mcomp.cic_readout_fr(d0, [X],
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh)
d2read = mcomp.cic_readout_fr(d2, [X],
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh)
s2read = mcomp.cic_readout_fr(s2, [X],
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh)
ed, ed2, es2 = mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=part_shape), mtf.zeros(
mesh, shape=part_shape), mtf.zeros(mesh, shape=part_shape)
ed = mcomp.cic_paint_fr(ed,
final_state,
output_shape=part_shape,
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh,
weights=dread)
ed2 = mcomp.cic_paint_fr(ed2,
final_state,
output_shape=part_shape,
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh,
weights=d2read)
es2 = mcomp.cic_paint_fr(es2,
final_state,
output_shape=part_shape,
hr_shape=hr_shape,
halo_size=halo_size,
splittables=splittables,
mesh=mesh,
weights=s2read)
model = ed * b1 + ed2 * b2 + es2 * bs2
mtfdata = mtf.import_tf_tensor(mesh,
tf.convert_to_tensor(data),
shape=shape)
diff = model - mtfdata
# Get prior
k_dims_pr = [d.shape[0] for d in kv]
k_dims_pr = [k_dims_pr[2], k_dims_pr[0], k_dims_pr[1]]
cfield = mesh_utils.r2c3d(fieldvar, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
def _cwise_prior(kfield, pk, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = tf.sqrt((kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2)
kshape = kk.shape
kk = tf.reshape(kk, [-1])
pkmesh = tfp.math.interp_regular_1d_grid(
x=kk,
x_ref_min=1e-05,
x_ref_max=1000.0,
y_ref=pk,
grid_regularizing_transform=tf.log)
priormesh = tf.reshape(pkmesh, kshape)
return tf.abs(kfield) / priormesh**0.5
cpfield = mtf.cwise(_cwise_prior, [cfield, pk] + kv,
output_dtype=tf.float32)
prior = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(cpfield)) * bs**3 #* nc**3
# Total loss
cdiff = mesh_utils.r2c3d(diff, k_dims_pr, dtype=cdtype)
def _cwise_diff(kfield, pk, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = tf.sqrt((kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2)
kshape = kk.shape
kk = tf.reshape(kk, [-1])
pkmesh = tfp.math.interp_regular_1d_grid(x=kk,
x_ref_min=kerror.min(),
x_ref_max=kerror.max(),
y_ref=pk)
priormesh = tf.reshape(pkmesh, kshape)
priormesh = tf.cast(priormesh**0.5, kfield.dtype)
return kfield / priormesh
cdiff = mtf.cwise(_cwise_diff, [cdiff, pkerror] + kv, output_dtype=cdtype)
def _cwise_smooth(kfield, kx, ky, kz):
kx = tf.reshape(kx, [-1, 1, 1])
ky = tf.reshape(ky, [1, -1, 1])
kz = tf.reshape(kz, [1, 1, -1])
kk = (kx / bs * nc)**2 + (ky / bs * nc)**2 + (kz / bs * nc)**2
wts = tf.cast(tf.exp(-kk * (R0 * bs / nc)**2), kfield.dtype)
return kfield * wts
cdiff = mtf.cwise(_cwise_smooth, [cdiff] + kv, output_dtype=cdtype)
diff = mesh_utils.c2r3d(cdiff, diff.shape[-3:], dtype=dtype)
chisq = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.square(diff))
loss = chisq + prior
fields = [fieldvar, final_field, model]
metrics = [chisq, prior, loss]
return fields, metrics, kv
def sample_autoregressive(self,
partial_sequences,
stop_at_token=1,
max_steps=None,
temperature=1.0,
variable_dtype=mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32),
encoder_output=None,
encoder_sequence_id=None,
shared_params=None,
has_partial_sequences=True,
encoder_layer_outputs=None):
"""Sample randomly one token at a time.
The partial_sequences represent partial sequences to be continued. The
first tokens of each sequence are nonzero representing the given partial
sequences and the last tokens of each sequence are zeros, representing what
needs to be filled in.
If there are no partial sequences (you want to sample from the beginning),
then pass partial_sequences=mtf.zeros(mesh, shape, dtype=tf.int32) and
has_partial_sequences=False (so we can skip computation).
Args:
partial_sequences: an int32 Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, length_dim]
stop_at_token: an optional integer eos id. Stop when we produce it.
max_steps: an optional integer
temperature: an optional floating point value between 0.0 and 1.0 0.0
means argmax, 1.0 means sample according to predicted distribution.
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
encoder_output: an optional Tensor
encoder_sequence_id: an optional Tensor
shared_params: an optional dictionary
has_partial_sequences: a boolean
encoder_layer_outputs: optional - readonly list of tensor activations when
decoding, one per each input layer + the embedding layer
Returns:
a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, length_dim]
"""
del max_steps # TODO(noam): implement
if not self.autoregressive:
raise ValueError("must be autoregressive")
inputs = partial_sequences
batch_dims = inputs.shape.dims[:-1]
length_dim = inputs.shape.dims[-1]
initial_position = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_int32(mtf.not_equal(inputs, 0)), reduced_dim=length_dim)
sequence_id = 1 if encoder_sequence_id is not None else None
context_first_part = Context(
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims,
length_dim=length_dim,
model_dim=self.model_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="first_part",
autoregressive=self.autoregressive,
new_states=[],
initial_position=initial_position,
sequence_id=sequence_id,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
constant_states=[],
shared_params=shared_params,
layout=self.layout,
mesh_shape=self.mesh_shape,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
shifted_inputs = mtf.shift(inputs, offset=1, dim=length_dim, wrap=False)
with tf.variable_scope(self.name):
logits = self._call_internal(context_first_part, shifted_inputs)
del logits
constant_states = context_first_part.constant_states
if not has_partial_sequences:
initial_states = [
mtf.zeros_like(t) for t in context_first_part.new_states]
else:
initial_states = context_first_part.new_states
def cond_fn(position, ids, *unused_states):
"""Should we run another loop iteration."""
past_end = mtf.greater_equal(position, length_dim.size)
is_done = past_end
if stop_at_token is not None:
has_eos = mtf.reduce_any(
mtf.equal(ids, stop_at_token), reduced_dim=length_dim)
is_done = mtf.logical_or(is_done, has_eos)
all_done = mtf.reduce_all(is_done)
return mtf.logical_not(all_done)
def body_fn(position, ids, *states):
"""One step in the decode loop."""
context_incremental = Context(
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims,
length_dim=length_dim,
model_dim=self.model_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="incremental",
autoregressive=self.autoregressive,
position=position,
states=states,
new_states=[],
sequence_id=sequence_id,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
constant_states=constant_states,
shared_params=shared_params,
layout=self.layout,
mesh_shape=self.mesh_shape,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
inputs_this_step = mtf.gather(ids, position - 1, length_dim)
with tf.variable_scope(self.name, reuse=True):
logits = self._call_internal(context_incremental, inputs_this_step)
ids_this_step = mtf.sample_with_temperature(
logits, self.output_vocab_dim, temperature)
new_position = position + 1
new_ids = ids + ids_this_step * mtf.one_hot(
position, length_dim, dtype=tf.int32)
return [new_position, new_ids] + context_incremental.new_states
while_loop_inputs = [initial_position, inputs] + initial_states
final_position, outputs = mtf.while_loop(
cond_fn, body_fn, while_loop_inputs)[:2]
del final_position
return outputs
def sample_autoregressive(
partial_sequences,
other_features,
params,
stop_at_token=50256,
max_steps=None,
temperature=0.9,
variable_dtype=mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32),
encoder_output=None,
encoder_sequence_id=None,
encoder_inputs=None,
shared_params=None,
has_partial_sequences=True,
encoder_layer_outputs=None,
never_end=False,
remove_partial_sequences=False,
sampling_keep_top_k=-1,
bos_id=50256,
):
"""Sample randomly one token at a time.
The partial_sequences represent partial sequences to be continued. The
first tokens of each sequence are nonzero representing the given partial
sequences and the last tokens of each sequence are zeros, representing what
needs to be filled in.
If there are no partial sequences (you want to sample from the beginning),
then pass partial_sequences=mtf.zeros(mesh, shape, dtype=tf.int32) and
has_partial_sequences=False (so we can skip computation).
Args:
partial_sequences: an int32 Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, length_dim]
stop_at_token: an optional integer eos id. Stop when we produce it.
max_steps: an optional integer, the max number of steps to decode.
temperature: an optional floating point value between 0.0 and 1.0 0.0
means argmax, 1.0 means sample according to predicted distribution.
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
encoder_output: an optional Tensor
encoder_sequence_id: an optional Tensor
encoder_inputs: an optional Tensor
shared_params: an optional dictionary
has_partial_sequences: a boolean
encoder_layer_outputs: optional - readonly list of tensor activations when
decoding, one per each input layer + the embedding layer
never_end: a boolean - if set, then avoid generating stop_at_token
remove_partial_sequences: a boolean - whether to remove the partial
sequences from the output
sampling_keep_top_k: an integer - if not -1, only sample from the top k
logits.
bos_id: beginning of sequence id
Returns:
a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, length_dim]
"""
inputs = partial_sequences # Partial sequences to fill in
batch_dims = inputs.shape.dims[:-1]
length_dim = inputs.shape.dims[-1]
padding_id = params.get("padding_id", 0)
slow_sampling = params.get("slow_sampling", False)
initial_position = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_int32(mtf.not_equal(inputs, padding_id)),
reduced_dim=length_dim) # Gets position where zero padding starts
length_range = mtf.range(inputs.mesh, length_dim, tf.int32)
input_full_attention = True # for now hardcode this to true bc lazy
if input_full_attention:
# Vanilla autoregressive model - each position can see previous positions.
# Think this feeds in to the loop fn and tells each position where it can attend to?
read_priority = write_priority = length_range * mtf.to_int32(
mtf.greater(length_range, initial_position))
else:
read_priority = write_priority = length_range
# Builds context to pass around internally
# The 'first part' context records initial states of k / v / x
if not slow_sampling:
context_first_part = mtf_transformer.transformer.Context(
model=None,
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims,
length_dim=length_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="first_part",
position=length_range,
position_is_default=True,
new_states=[],
initial_position=initial_position,
sequence_id=None,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
constant_states=[],
shared_params=shared_params,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs,
write_priority=write_priority,
read_priority=read_priority,
inputs=inputs,
encoder_inputs=encoder_inputs)
with tf.variable_scope("gpt2"):
logits, _, _ = gpt2.model({"inputs": inputs},
other_features,
params,
inputs.mesh,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
context=context_first_part)
if not has_partial_sequences:
initial_states = [
mtf.zeros_like(t) for t in context_first_part.new_states
]
else:
initial_states = context_first_part.new_states
else:
initial_states = []
if not has_partial_sequences:
partial_sequences_eos_count = 0
if stop_at_token is not None:
partial_sequences_eos_count = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.to_int32(
mtf.equal(partial_sequences, stop_at_token)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
def cond_fn(position, ids, *unused_states):
"""Should we run another loop iteration?"""
past_end = mtf.greater_equal(position, length_dim.size)
if max_steps:
past_end = mtf.logical_or(
past_end,
mtf.greater_equal(position - initial_position, max_steps))
is_done = past_end
if stop_at_token is not None:
eos_count = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.to_int32(
mtf.equal(ids, stop_at_token)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
has_additional_eos = mtf.greater(eos_count,
partial_sequences_eos_count)
is_done = mtf.logical_or(is_done, has_additional_eos)
all_done = mtf.reduce_all(is_done)
return mtf.logical_not(all_done)
def body_fn(position, ids, *states):
"""One step in the decode loop."""
nonlocal sampling_keep_top_k
context = mtf_transformer.transformer.Context(
model=None,
mesh=inputs.mesh,
batch_dims=batch_dims,
length_dim=length_dim,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
mode="incremental",
position=position,
position_is_default=True,
states=states,
new_states=[],
initial_position=position,
sequence_id=None,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
shared_params=shared_params,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs,
write_priority=write_priority,
read_priority=read_priority,
inputs=ids,
encoder_inputs=encoder_inputs) if not slow_sampling else None
with tf.variable_scope("gpt2", reuse=tf.AUTO_REUSE):
logits, _, _ = gpt2.model({"inputs": ids},
other_features,
params,
inputs.mesh,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
context=context)
# By default, do top_k sampling of 0.9
if sampling_keep_top_k == -2:
sampling_keep_top_k = int(logits.shape[-1].size * 0.1)
if sampling_keep_top_k != -1:
if sampling_keep_top_k <= 0:
raise ValueError(
"sampling_keep_top_k must either be -1 or positive.")
k_largest = mtf.nth_largest_element(
logits,
n=sampling_keep_top_k,
reduced_dim=other_features["vocab_dim"])
logits = mtf.where(mtf.less_equal(logits, k_largest),
mtf.ones_like(logits) * -1e6, logits)
ids_this_step = mtf.sample_with_temperature(
logits, other_features["vocab_dim"], temperature)
if slow_sampling:
ids_this_step = mtf.shift(ids_this_step,
offset=1,
dim=length_dim,
wrap=False)
else:
ids_this_step = mtf.reshape(ids_this_step, (batch_dims))
one_hot = mtf.one_hot(position, length_dim, dtype=tf.int32)
one_new_id = ids_this_step * one_hot
new_ids = (1 - one_hot) * ids + one_new_id
new_position = position + 1
ret = [new_position, new_ids]
if context is not None:
ret += context.new_states
return ret
while_loop_inputs = [initial_position, inputs] + initial_states
final_position, outputs = mtf.while_loop(cond_fn, body_fn,
while_loop_inputs)[:2]
del final_position
if has_partial_sequences and remove_partial_sequences:
# Remove partial sequences from outputs
partial_length = mtf.reduce_sum(mtf.to_int32(
mtf.not_equal(partial_sequences, padding_id)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
outputs = mtf.dynamic_shift(outputs,
-partial_length,
length_dim,
wrap=False)
return outputs
def decode(self,
inputs,
variable_dtype=mtf.VariableDType(tf.float32),
beam_size=1,
alpha=0.6,
temperature=0.0,
decode_length_multiplier=1.5,
decode_length_constant=10):
"""Sampling or beam search.
TODO(noam): should we make the output length dimension different from the
input length dimension?
Args:
inputs: a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim, length_dim]
variable_dtype: a mtf.VariableDType
beam_size: an integer >= 1
alpha: a floating point value (length bonus for beam search)
temperature: a value between 0 and 1 (must be 0 if beam_size > 1)
0.0 means argmax, 1.0 means sample according to predicted distribution.
decode_length_multiplier: a float
decode_length_constant: a float
Returns:
a Tensor with shape [<batch_dims>, beam_dim, length_dim]
"""
encoder_layer_outputs = []
shared_params = self._shared_params(inputs.mesh, variable_dtype)
encoder_sequence_id = mtf.minimum(inputs, 1)
encoder_output, encoder_loss = self.encoder.call_simple(
inputs=inputs,
targets=None,
compute_loss=False,
mode=tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
shared_params=shared_params,
layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
del encoder_loss
encoder_output = mtf.layers.rename_length_to_memory_length(encoder_output)
encoder_sequence_id = mtf.layers.rename_length_to_memory_length(
encoder_sequence_id)
if beam_size == 1:
ids_shape = inputs.shape
partial_sequences = mtf.zeros(inputs.mesh, ids_shape, dtype=tf.int32)
return self.decoder.sample_autoregressive(
partial_sequences,
temperature=temperature,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
shared_params=shared_params,
has_partial_sequences=False,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
else:
if temperature != 0:
raise ValueError(
"don't know how to beam search with nonzero temperature")
# beam search
beam_dim = mtf.Dimension("beam", beam_size)
batch_dims = inputs.shape[:-1]
length_dim = inputs.shape[-1]
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(batch_dims + [beam_dim, length_dim])
partial_sequences = mtf.zeros(inputs.mesh, ids_shape, dtype=tf.int32)
input_length = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_float(mtf.cast(inputs, tf.bool)),
reduced_dim=length_dim)
max_input_length = mtf.reduce_max(input_length)
decode_length = mtf.cast(
max_input_length * decode_length_multiplier
+ decode_length_constant, tf.int32)
return self.decoder.beam_search(
partial_sequences,
decode_length,
variable_dtype=variable_dtype,
encoder_output=encoder_output,
encoder_sequence_id=encoder_sequence_id,
alpha=alpha,
shared_params=shared_params,
encoder_layer_outputs=encoder_layer_outputs)
def _sample(self, features, mesh):
hparams = self._hparams
(inputs_embedding_var,
targets_embedding_var,
softmax_var,
positional_embedding_var) = self._embedding_and_softmax_vars(mesh)
if hparams.transformer_type == "encdec":
inputs = features["inputs"]
while len(inputs.shape.as_list()) > 2:
inputs = tf.squeeze(inputs, axis=2)
actual_batch_size = tf.shape(inputs)[0]
actual_length = tf.shape(inputs)[1]
inputs = tf.pad(
inputs, [[0, hparams.batch_size - actual_batch_size],
[0, hparams.max_length - actual_length]])
inputs = self._import_to_batch_by_length(
inputs, "inputs", mesh, hparams)
x = (mtf.gather(inputs_embedding_var, inputs, self.inputs_vocab_dim) +
mtf.reshape(positional_embedding_var,
mtf.Shape([self.length_dim, self.model_dim])))
encoder_attention_mask = (
mtf.layers.attention_mask_ignore_padding(
inputs, dtype=self.activation_dtype))
with tf.variable_scope("encoder"):
x = self._layer_stack(x,
hparams.encoder_layers,
self_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask)
encoder_output = mtf.rename_dimension(
x, self.length_dim.name, self.memory_length_dim.name)
encdec_tensors = []
for layer_num, layer_type in enumerate(hparams.decoder_layers):
if layer_type == "enc_att":
with tf.variable_scope("decoder/enc_att_%d/enc_att" % layer_num):
q_var, k_var, v_var, o_var = mtf.layers.multihead_attention_vars(
mesh, self.heads_dim, self.model_dim,
self.kv_dim, self.master_dtype, self.slice_dtype,
self.activation_dtype)
k = mtf.einsum(
[encoder_output, k_var],
mtf.Shape(
self.batch_dims + [self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim]))
v = mtf.einsum(
[encoder_output, v_var],
mtf.Shape(
self.batch_dims + [self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim]))
encdec_tensors.append((q_var, o_var, k, v))
else:
encdec_tensors.append(None)
partial_targets = None
elif hparams.transformer_type == "decoder":
encdec_tensors = None
encoder_output = None
encoder_attention_mask = None
# Prepare partial targets.
# In either features["inputs"] or features["targets"].
# We force the outputs to begin with these sequences.
partial_targets = features.get("inputs", None)
if partial_targets is None:
partial_targets = features.get("targets", None)
if partial_targets is not None:
partial_targets = common_layers.expand_squeeze_to_nd(partial_targets, 2)
partial_targets = tf.to_int32(partial_targets)
partial_targets_batch = tf.shape(partial_targets)[0]
partial_targets_length = tf.shape(partial_targets)[1]
partial_targets = tf.pad(
partial_targets, [[0, hparams.batch_size - partial_targets_batch],
[0, hparams.max_length - partial_targets_length]])
partial_targets = self._import_to_batch_by_length(
partial_targets, "partial_targets", mesh, hparams)
else:
raise ValueError(
"hparams.model_type = %s not yet supported"
% hparams.transformer_type)
local_attention_window = mtf.Dimension(
"local_attention_window", hparams.local_attention_window_size)
if hparams.beam_size == 1:
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [self.length_dim])
kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims +
[self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim])
local_kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims +
[self.heads_dim,
local_attention_window, self.kv_dim])
else:
beam_dim = mtf.Dimension("beam", hparams.beam_size)
ids_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims + [beam_dim, self.length_dim])
kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims +
[beam_dim, self.heads_dim,
self.memory_length_dim, self.kv_dim])
local_kv_shape = mtf.Shape(self.batch_dims +
[beam_dim, self.heads_dim,
local_attention_window, self.kv_dim])
initial_ids = mtf.constant(mesh, 0, ids_shape, dtype=tf.int32)
initial_states = []
for layer in hparams.decoder_layers:
if layer == "att":
initial_states.extend(
[mtf.zeros(mesh, kv_shape, dtype=self.activation_dtype)] * 2)
elif layer == "local_att":
initial_states.extend(
[mtf.zeros(mesh, local_kv_shape, dtype=self.activation_dtype)] * 2)
def logits_fn(step_num, ids, states):
"""Produce logits for this step, and new states."""
ids_this_step = mtf.gather(ids, step_num - 1, self.length_dim)
x = (mtf.gather(targets_embedding_var, ids_this_step,
self.targets_vocab_dim) +
mtf.gather(positional_embedding_var, step_num, self.max_length_dim))
with tf.variable_scope("decoder"):
x, new_states = self._layer_stack(
x,
hparams.decoder_layers,
encdec_attention_mask=encoder_attention_mask,
step_num=step_num,
encdec_tensors=encdec_tensors,
states=states)
logits = mtf.matmul(x, softmax_var)
return logits, new_states
if hparams.beam_size == 1:
temperature = (0.0 if hparams.sampling_method == "argmax"
else hparams.sampling_temp)
return mtf.beam_search.greedy_decode(
logits_fn,
initial_ids,
temperature=temperature,
initial_states=initial_states,
forced_ids=partial_targets,
use_tpu=hparams.use_tpu)
else:
if hparams.transformer_type == "encdec":
input_length = mtf.reduce_sum(
mtf.to_float(mtf.cast(inputs, tf.bool)),
reduced_dim=self.length_dim)
max_input_length = mtf.reduce_max(input_length)
decode_length = mtf.cast(
max_input_length * hparams.decode_length_multiplier
+ hparams.decode_length_constant, tf.int32)
else:
decode_length = None
beams, unused_scores = mtf.beam_search.beam_search(
logits_fn,
initial_ids,
hparams.alpha,
states=initial_states,
decode_length=decode_length,
use_tpu=hparams.use_tpu,
dtype=self.activation_dtype)
return mtf.gather(beams, mtf.constant(mesh, 0, dtype=tf.int32), beam_dim)