def test_transform_qregs_two_qubit_ops(new_reg_sizes):
nqubits = sum(new_reg_sizes)
circ = to_qiskit(
cirq.testing.random_circuit(
nqubits, n_moments=5, op_density=1, random_state=1
)
)
orig = circ.copy()
new_qregs = [qiskit.QuantumRegister(s) for s in new_reg_sizes]
_transform_registers(circ, new_qregs=new_qregs)
assert circ.qregs == new_qregs
assert circ.cregs == orig.cregs
assert _equal(from_qiskit(circ), from_qiskit(orig))
def test_add_qiskit_noisy_operations():
qreg = qiskit.QuantumRegister(1)
ideal = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(qreg)
_ = ideal.x(qreg)
real = np.random.rand(4, 4)
noisy_op1 = NoisyOperation(ideal, real)
noisy_op2 = NoisyOperation(ideal, real)
noisy_op = noisy_op1 + noisy_op2
correct = cirq.Circuit([cirq.X.on(cirq.NamedQubit("Q"))] * 2)
assert _equal(noisy_op._ideal, correct, require_qubit_equality=False)
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.ideal_unitary, np.identity(2))
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.real_matrix, real @ real)
def test_extend_to_single_qubit(real):
qbit, qreg = cirq.LineQubit(0), cirq.LineQubit.range(1, 10)
ideal = cirq.Z.on(qbit)
noisy_op_on_one_qubit = NoisyOperation.from_cirq(ideal, real)
noisy_ops_on_all_qubits = noisy_op_on_one_qubit.extend_to(qreg)
assert isinstance(noisy_ops_on_all_qubits, list)
assert len(noisy_ops_on_all_qubits) == 10
for op in noisy_ops_on_all_qubits:
assert _equal(op.ideal_circuit(), cirq.Circuit(ideal))
assert np.allclose(op.ideal_unitary, cirq.unitary(ideal))
if real is not None:
assert np.allclose(op.real_matrix, real)
def test_circuit_equality_equal_measurement_keys_terminal_measurements(
require_measurement_equality,
):
base_circuit = cirq.testing.random_circuit(
qubits=5, n_moments=10, op_density=0.99, random_state=1
)
qreg = list(base_circuit.all_qubits())
circ1 = deepcopy(base_circuit)
circ1.append(cirq.measure(q, key="z") for q in qreg)
circ2 = deepcopy(base_circuit)
circ2.append(cirq.measure(q, key="z") for q in qreg)
assert _equal(
circ1, circ2, require_measurement_equality=require_measurement_equality
)
def test_transform_cregs(nbits, with_ops, measure):
qreg = qiskit.QuantumRegister(nbits)
creg = qiskit.ClassicalRegister(nbits)
circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(qreg, creg)
if with_ops:
circ.h(qreg)
if measure:
circ.measure(qreg, creg)
orig = circ.copy()
new_cregs = [qiskit.ClassicalRegister(1) for _ in range(nbits)]
_transform_registers(circ, new_cregs=new_cregs)
assert circ.cregs == new_cregs
assert circ.qregs == orig.qregs
assert _equal(from_qiskit(circ), from_qiskit(orig))
def test_to_from_braket_common_two_qubit_gates(common_gate):
"""These gates should stay the same (i.e., not get decomposed) when
converting Cirq -> Braket -> Cirq.
"""
cirq_circuit = Circuit(common_gate.on(*LineQubit.range(2)))
test_circuit = from_braket(to_braket(cirq_circuit))
testing.assert_allclose_up_to_global_phase(
protocols.unitary(test_circuit),
protocols.unitary(cirq_circuit),
atol=1e-7,
)
# Cirq AAPowGate has a different global phase than braket AA which gets
# lost in translation. Here, AA = XX, YY, or ZZ.
if not isinstance(common_gate,
(ops.XXPowGate, ops.YYPowGate, ops.ZZPowGate)):
assert _equal(test_circuit, cirq_circuit, require_qubit_equality=True)
def test_init_with_op_tree():
qreg = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
ideal_ops = [cirq.H.on(qreg[0]), cirq.CNOT.on(*qreg)]
real = np.zeros(shape=(16, 16))
noisy_op = NoisyOperation.from_cirq(ideal_ops, real)
assert isinstance(noisy_op._circuit, cirq.Circuit)
assert _equal(
noisy_op.circuit(),
cirq.Circuit(ideal_ops),
require_qubit_equality=True,
)
assert set(noisy_op.qubits) == set(qreg)
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.ideal_unitary,
cirq.unitary(cirq.Circuit(ideal_ops)))
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.channel_matrix, real)
assert noisy_op.channel_matrix is not real
def test_sample_circuit_random_state(seed, seed_type):
decomposition = _simple_pauli_deco_dict(0.5)
if isinstance(seed_type, np.random.RandomState):
seed = np.random.RandomState(seed)
circuit, sign, norm = sample_circuit(twoq_circ,
decomposition,
random_state=seed)
for _ in range(20):
if isinstance(seed_type, np.random.RandomState):
seed = np.random.RandomState(seed)
new_circuit, new_sign, new_norm = sample_circuit(twoq_circ,
decomposition,
random_state=seed)
assert _equal(new_circuit, circuit)
assert new_sign == sign
assert np.isclose(new_norm, norm)
def test_init_with_pyquil_program():
circ = pyquil.Program(pyquil.gates.H(0), pyquil.gates.CNOT(0, 1))
cirq_qreg = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
cirq_circ = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on(cirq_qreg[0]), cirq.CNOT.on(*cirq_qreg))
real = np.zeros(shape=(16, 16))
noisy_op = NoisyOperation(circ, real)
assert isinstance(noisy_op._ideal, cirq.Circuit)
assert _equal(noisy_op._ideal, cirq_circ)
assert noisy_op.ideal_circuit() == circ
assert noisy_op._native_ideal == circ
assert noisy_op._native_type == "pyquil"
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.ideal_unitary, cirq.unitary(cirq_circ))
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.real_matrix, real)
assert noisy_op.real_matrix is not real
def test_add_simple():
circuit1 = cirq.Circuit([cirq.X.on(cirq.NamedQubit("Q"))])
circuit2 = cirq.Circuit([cirq.Y.on(cirq.NamedQubit("Q"))])
super_op1 = np.random.rand(4, 4)
super_op2 = np.random.rand(4, 4)
noisy_op1 = NoisyOperation(circuit1, super_op1)
noisy_op2 = NoisyOperation(circuit2, super_op2)
noisy_op = noisy_op1 + noisy_op2
correct = cirq.Circuit(
[cirq.X.on(cirq.NamedQubit("Q")),
cirq.Y.on(cirq.NamedQubit("Q"))], )
assert _equal(noisy_op._circuit, correct, require_qubit_equality=True)
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.channel_matrix, super_op2 @ super_op1)
def test_transform_qregs_random_circuit(new_reg_sizes, measure):
nbits = sum(new_reg_sizes)
circ = to_qiskit(
cirq.testing.random_circuit(
nbits, n_moments=5, op_density=1, random_state=10
)
)
creg = qiskit.ClassicalRegister(nbits)
circ.add_register(creg)
if measure:
circ.measure(circ.qregs[0], creg)
orig = circ.copy()
new_qregs = [qiskit.QuantumRegister(s) for s in new_reg_sizes]
_transform_registers(circ, new_qregs=new_qregs)
assert circ.qregs == new_qregs
assert _equal(from_qiskit(circ), from_qiskit(orig))
def test_observable_measure_in_needs_one_circuit_x():
pauli1 = PauliString(spec="XI")
pauli2 = PauliString(spec="IX")
pauli3 = PauliString(spec="XX")
obs = Observable(pauli1, pauli2, pauli3)
qubits = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
circuit = cirq.testing.random_circuit(qubits, 3, 1, random_state=1)
measures_obs_circuits = obs.measure_in(circuit)
assert len(measures_obs_circuits) == 1
expected = circuit + xrotation.on_each(*qubits) + cirq.measure(*qubits)
assert _equal(
measures_obs_circuits[0],
expected,
require_qubit_equality=True,
require_measurement_equality=True,
)
def test_convert_with_multiple_barriers(as_qasm):
"""Tests converting a Qiskit circuit with barriers to a Cirq circuit."""
n = 1
num_ops = 10
qreg = qiskit.QuantumRegister(n)
qiskit_circuit = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(qreg)
for _ in range(num_ops):
qiskit_circuit.h(qreg)
qiskit_circuit.barrier()
if as_qasm:
cirq_circuit = from_qasm(qiskit_circuit.qasm())
else:
cirq_circuit = from_qiskit(qiskit_circuit)
qbit = cirq.LineQubit(0)
correct = cirq.Circuit(cirq.ops.H.on(qbit) for _ in range(num_ops))
assert _equal(cirq_circuit, correct)
def test_represent_operations_in_circuit_local(circuit_type: str):
"""Tests all operation representations are created."""
qreg = LineQubit.range(2)
circ_mitiq = Circuit([CNOT(*qreg), H(qreg[0]), Y(qreg[1]), CNOT(*qreg)])
circ = convert_from_mitiq(circ_mitiq, circuit_type)
reps = represent_operations_in_circuit_with_local_depolarizing_noise(
ideal_circuit=circ, noise_level=0.1,
)
for op in convert_to_mitiq(circ)[0].all_operations():
found = False
for rep in reps:
if _equal(rep.ideal, Circuit(op), require_qubit_equality=True):
found = True
assert found
# The number of reps. should match the number of unique operations
assert len(reps) == 3
def test_mirror_circuit_seeding(seed):
nlayers = 5
two_qubit_gate_prob = 0.4
connectivity_graph = nx.complete_graph(5)
circuit, _ = mirror_circuits.generate_mirror_circuit(nlayers,
two_qubit_gate_prob,
connectivity_graph,
seed=seed)
for _ in range(5):
circ, _ = mirror_circuits.generate_mirror_circuit(nlayers,
two_qubit_gate_prob,
connectivity_graph,
seed=seed)
assert _equal(
circuit,
circ,
require_qubit_equality=True,
require_measurement_equality=True,
)
def test_sample_sequence_cirq_random_state(seed):
circuit = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on(cirq.LineQubit(0)))
rep = OperationRepresentation(
ideal=circuit,
basis_expansion={
NoisyOperation.from_cirq(circuit=cirq.X): 0.5,
NoisyOperation.from_cirq(circuit=cirq.Z): -0.5,
},
)
sequences, signs, norm = sample_sequence(
circuit, [rep], random_state=np.random.RandomState(seed))
for _ in range(20):
new_sequences, new_signs, new_norm = sample_sequence(
circuit, [rep], random_state=np.random.RandomState(seed))
assert _equal(new_sequences[0], sequences[0])
assert new_signs[0] == signs[0]
assert np.isclose(new_norm, norm)
def test_observable_measure_in_needs_two_circuits():
obs = Observable(PauliString(spec="X"), PauliString(spec="Z"))
q = cirq.LineQubit(0)
circuit = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on(q))
measures_obs_circuits = sorted(obs.measure_in(circuit), key=len)
assert len(measures_obs_circuits) == 2
expected_circuits = [
circuit + cirq.measure(q),
circuit + xrotation.on(q) + cirq.measure(q),
]
for expected, measured in zip(expected_circuits, measures_obs_circuits):
assert _equal(
measured,
expected,
require_qubit_equality=True,
require_measurement_equality=True,
)
def test_unknown_real_matrix():
qreg = qiskit.QuantumRegister(2)
circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(qreg)
_ = circ.h(qreg[0])
_ = circ.cnot(*qreg)
cirq_qreg = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
cirq_circ = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on(cirq_qreg[0]), cirq.CNOT.on(*cirq_qreg))
noisy_op = NoisyOperation(circ)
assert isinstance(noisy_op._ideal, cirq.Circuit)
assert _equal(noisy_op._ideal, cirq_circ)
assert noisy_op.ideal_circuit() == circ
assert noisy_op._native_ideal == circ
assert noisy_op._native_type == "qiskit"
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.ideal_unitary, cirq.unitary(cirq_circ))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Real matrix is unknown."):
_ = noisy_op.real_matrix
def test_init_with_qiskit_circuit():
qreg = qiskit.QuantumRegister(2)
circ = qiskit.QuantumCircuit(qreg)
_ = circ.h(qreg[0])
_ = circ.cnot(*qreg)
cirq_qreg = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
cirq_circ = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on(cirq_qreg[0]), cirq.CNOT.on(*cirq_qreg))
real = np.zeros(shape=(16, 16))
noisy_op = NoisyOperation(circ, real)
assert isinstance(noisy_op._ideal, cirq.Circuit)
assert _equal(noisy_op._ideal, cirq_circ)
assert noisy_op.ideal_circuit() == circ
assert noisy_op._native_ideal == circ
assert noisy_op._native_type == "qiskit"
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.ideal_unitary, cirq.unitary(cirq_circ))
assert np.allclose(noisy_op.real_matrix, real)
assert noisy_op.real_matrix is not real
def test_scale_with_measurement():
"""Tests that we ignore measurement gates.
Test circuit:
0: ───H───T───@───M───
│ │
1: ───H───M───┼───┼───
│ │
2: ───H───────X───M───
"""
qreg = LineQubit.range(3)
circ = Circuit(
[ops.H.on_each(qreg)],
[ops.T.on(qreg[0])],
[ops.measure(qreg[1])],
[ops.CNOT.on(qreg[0], qreg[2])],
[ops.measure(qreg[0], qreg[2])],
)
scaled = scale_parameters(circ, scale_factor=1, sigma=0.001)
assert _equal(circ, scaled)
def test_from_braket_non_parameterized_single_qubit_gates():
braket_circuit = BKCircuit()
instructions = [
Instruction(braket_gates.I(), target=0),
Instruction(braket_gates.X(), target=1),
Instruction(braket_gates.Y(), target=2),
Instruction(braket_gates.Z(), target=3),
Instruction(braket_gates.H(), target=0),
Instruction(braket_gates.S(), target=1),
Instruction(braket_gates.Si(), target=2),
Instruction(braket_gates.T(), target=3),
Instruction(braket_gates.Ti(), target=0),
Instruction(braket_gates.V(), target=1),
Instruction(braket_gates.Vi(), target=2),
]
for instr in instructions:
braket_circuit.add_instruction(instr)
cirq_circuit = from_braket(braket_circuit)
for i, op in enumerate(cirq_circuit.all_operations()):
assert np.allclose(
instructions[i].operator.to_matrix(), protocols.unitary(op)
)
qreg = LineQubit.range(4)
expected_cirq_circuit = Circuit(
ops.I(qreg[0]),
ops.X(qreg[1]),
ops.Y(qreg[2]),
ops.Z(qreg[3]),
ops.H(qreg[0]),
ops.S(qreg[1]),
ops.S(qreg[2]) ** -1,
ops.T(qreg[3]),
ops.T(qreg[0]) ** -1,
ops.X(qreg[1]) ** 0.5,
ops.X(qreg[2]) ** -0.5,
)
assert _equal(cirq_circuit, expected_cirq_circuit)
def test_sample_circuit_with_seed():
circ = cirq.Circuit([cirq.X.on(cirq.LineQubit(0)) for _ in range(10)])
rep = OperationRepresentation(
ideal=cirq.Circuit(cirq.X.on(cirq.LineQubit(0))),
basis_expansion={
NoisyOperation.from_cirq(cirq.Z): 1.0,
NoisyOperation.from_cirq(cirq.X): -1.0,
},
)
expected_circuits, expected_signs, expected_norm = sample_circuit(
circ, [rep], random_state=4)
# Check we're not sampling the same operation every call to sample_sequence
assert len(set(expected_circuits[0].all_operations())) > 1
for _ in range(10):
sampled_circuits, sampled_signs, sampled_norm = sample_circuit(
circ, [rep], random_state=4)
assert _equal(sampled_circuits[0], expected_circuits[0])
assert sampled_signs[0] == expected_signs[0]
assert sampled_norm == expected_norm
def test_pauli_measure_in_circuit(support, circuit_type):
pauli = PauliString(spec="XYZ", support=support, coeff=-0.5)
names = ("0th", "1st", "2nd", "3rd", "4th", "5th")
qreg = [cirq.NamedQubit(name) for name in names]
base_circuit = cirq.Circuit(cirq.H.on_each(qreg))
if circuit_type == "cirq":
def convert(circ):
return circ
elif circuit_type == "qiskit":
convert = mitiq_qiskit.to_qiskit
elif circuit_type == "pyquil":
convert = mitiq_pyquil.to_pyquil
circuit = convert(base_circuit)
measured = pauli.measure_in(circuit)
qreg = [cirq.NamedQubit(name) for name in names]
expected = cirq.Circuit(
# Original circuit.
base_circuit.all_operations(),
# Basis rotations.
xrotation.on(qreg[support[0]]),
yrotation.on(qreg[support[1]]),
# Measurements.
cirq.measure(*[qreg[s] for s in support]),
)
if circuit_type == "cirq":
assert _equal(measured, expected, require_qubit_equality=True)
else:
expected = convert(expected)
if circuit_type == "pyquil": # Special case with basis rotation order.
assert set(measured) == set(expected)
else:
assert measured == expected
def test_from_mitiq(to_type):
converted_circuit = convert_from_mitiq(cirq_circuit, to_type)
circuit, input_type = convert_to_mitiq(converted_circuit)
assert _equal(circuit, cirq_circuit)
assert input_type == to_type
def test_to_mitiq(circuit):
converted_circuit, input_type = convert_to_mitiq(circuit)
assert _equal(converted_circuit, cirq_circuit)
assert input_type in circuit.__module__
def test_exact_sequences(slack_length, rule, sequence):
sequence_to_test = rule(slack_length)
assert _equal(sequence_to_test, sequence)
def test_to_from_braket_bell_circuit(qreg):
cirq_circuit = Circuit(ops.H(qreg[0]), ops.CNOT(*qreg))
test_circuit = from_braket(to_braket(cirq_circuit))
assert _equal(test_circuit, cirq_circuit, require_qubit_equality=True)
def test_to_from_pennylane_cnot_same_gates():
qreg = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
circuit = cirq.Circuit(cirq.CNOT(*qreg))
converted = from_pennylane(to_pennylane(circuit))
assert _equal(circuit, converted, require_qubit_equality=False)
def test_circuit_equality_identical_qubits(require_qubit_equality):
qreg = cirq.NamedQubit.range(5, prefix="q_")
circA = cirq.Circuit(cirq.ops.H.on_each(*qreg))
circB = cirq.Circuit(cirq.ops.H.on_each(*qreg))
assert circA is not circB
assert _equal(circA, circB, require_qubit_equality=require_qubit_equality)
def sample_sequence(
ideal_operation: QPROGRAM,
representations: Sequence[OperationRepresentation],
random_state: Optional[Union[int, np.random.RandomState]] = None,
num_samples: int = 1,
) -> Tuple[List[QPROGRAM], List[int], float]:
"""Samples a list of implementable sequences from the quasi-probability
representation of the input ideal operation.
Returns the list of sequences, the corresponding list of signs and the
one-norm of the quasi-probability representation (of the input operation).
For example, if the ideal operation is U with representation U = a A + b B,
then this function returns A with probability :math:`|a| / (|a| + |b|)` and
B with probability :math:`|b| / (|a| + |b|)`. Also returns sign(a)
(sign(b)) and :math:`|a| + |b|` if A (B) is sampled.
Note that the ideal operation can be a sequence of operations (circuit),
for instance U = V W, as long as a representation is known. Similarly, A
and B can be sequences of operations (circuits) or just single operations.
Args:
ideal_operation: The ideal operation from which an implementable
sequence is sampled.
representations: A list of representations of ideal operations in a
noisy basis. If no representation is found for `ideal_operation`,
a ValueError is raised.
random_state: Seed for sampling.
num_samples: The number of samples.
Returns:
The tuple (``sequences``, ``signs``, ``norm``) where
``sequences`` are the sampled sequences,
``signs`` are the signs associated to the sampled ``sequences`` and
``norm`` is the one-norm of the quasi-probability distribution.
Raises:
ValueError: If no representation is found for `ideal_operation`.
"""
# Grab the representation for the given ideal operation.
ideal, _ = convert_to_mitiq(ideal_operation)
operation_representation = None
for representation in representations:
if _equal(representation._ideal, ideal, require_qubit_equality=True):
operation_representation = representation
break
if operation_representation is None:
warnings.warn(
UserWarning(f"No representation found for \n\n{ideal_operation}."))
return (
[ideal_operation] * num_samples,
[1] * num_samples,
1.0,
)
# Sample from this representation.
norm = operation_representation.norm
sequences = []
signs = []
for _ in range(num_samples):
noisy_op, sign, _ = operation_representation.sample(random_state)
sequences.append(noisy_op.circuit())
signs.append(sign)
return sequences, signs, norm
