def calculate_phase_delays(self, slowness, phase='Ps', ref=6.4):
"""
Calculate travel time delays for slowness and reference slowness.
Travel time delays are calculated between the direct wave and the
converted phase or multiples.
:param slowness: ray parameter in s/deg
:param phase: 'Ps', 'Sp' or multiples
:param ref: reference ray parameter in s/deg
:return: original times, times stretched to reference slowness
"""
if len(phase) % 2 == 1:
msg = 'Length of phase (%s) should be divisible by two'
raise ValueError(msg % phase)
slowness = slowness * kilometer2degrees(1)
ref = ref * kilometer2degrees(1)
phase = phase.upper()
try:
t_ref = self.t_ref[phase]
except KeyError:
self.t_ref[phase] = t_ref = self._calc_phase_delay(ref, phase)
t = self._calc_phase_delay(slowness, phase)
if phase[0] == 'S':
t_ref = -t_ref
t = -t
try:
index = np.nonzero(np.isnan(t))[0][0] - 1
except IndexError:
index = len(t)
t = t[:index]
t_ref = t_ref[:index]
return (np.hstack((-t[1:10][::-1], t)),
np.hstack((-t_ref[1:10][::-1], t_ref)))
def calculate_phase_delays(self, slowness, phase='Ps', ref=6.4):
"""
Calculate travel time delays for slowness and reference slowness.
Travel time delays are calculated between the direct wave and the
converted phase or multiples.
:param slowness: ray parameter in s/deg
:param phase: 'Ps', 'Sp' or multiples
:param ref: reference ray parameter in s/deg
:return: original times, times stretched to reference slowness
"""
if len(phase) % 2 == 1:
msg = 'Length of phase (%s) should be divisible by two'
raise ValueError(msg % phase)
slowness = slowness * kilometer2degrees(1)
ref = ref * kilometer2degrees(1)
phase = phase.upper()
try:
t_ref = self.t_ref[phase]
except KeyError:
self.t_ref[phase] = t_ref = self._calc_phase_delay(ref, phase)
t = self._calc_phase_delay(slowness, phase)
if phase[0] == 'S':
t_ref = -t_ref
t = -t
try:
index = np.nonzero(np.isnan(t))[0][0] - 1
except IndexError:
index = len(t)
t = t[:index]
t_ref = t_ref[:index]
return (np.hstack(
(-t[1:10][::-1], t)), np.hstack((-t_ref[1:10][::-1], t_ref)))
def test_kilometer2degrees(self):
"""
Simple test of the convenience function.
"""
# Test if it works.
self.assertEqual(kilometer2degrees(111.19492664455873, radius=6371),
1.0)
# Test if setting the radius actually does something. Round to avoid
# some precision problems on different machines.
self.assertEqual(round(kilometer2degrees(111.19492664455873,
radius=6381), 5), round(0.99843284751606332, 5))
def test_kilometer2degrees(self):
"""
Simple test of the convenience function.
"""
# Test if it works.
self.assertEqual(kilometer2degrees(111.19492664455873, radius=6371),
1.0)
# Test if setting the radius actually does something. Round to avoid
# some precision problems on different machines.
self.assertEqual(
round(kilometer2degrees(111.19492664455873, radius=6381), 5),
round(0.99843284751606332, 5))
def ppoint_distance(self, depth, slowness, phase='S'):
"""
Calculate horizontal distance of piercing point to station.
:param depth: depth of interface in km
:param slowness: ray parameter in s/deg
:param phase: 'P' or 'S' for P wave or S wave. Multiples are possible.
:return: horizontal distance in km
"""
if len(phase) % 2 == 0:
msg = 'Length of phase (%s) should be even'
raise ValueError(msg % phase)
phase = phase.upper()
slowness = slowness * kilometer2degrees(1)
xp, xs = 0., 0.
qp, qs = self._calc_vertical_slowness(slowness, phase=phase)
if 'P' in phase:
xp = np.cumsum(self.dz * slowness / qp)
if 'S' in phase:
xs = np.cumsum(self.dz * slowness / qs)
x = xp * phase.count('P') + xs * phase.count('S')
z = self.z
index = np.nonzero(depth < z)[0][0] - 1
return x[index] + ((x[index + 1] - x[index]) * (depth - z[index]) /
(z[index + 1] - z[index]))
def ppoint_distance(self, depth, slowness, phase='S'):
"""
Calculate horizontal distance of piercing point to station.
:param depth: depth of interface in km
:param slowness: ray parameter in s/deg
:param phase: 'P' or 'S' for P wave or S wave. Multiples are possible.
:return: horizontal distance in km
"""
if len(phase) % 2 == 0:
msg = 'Length of phase (%s) should be even'
raise ValueError(msg % phase)
phase = phase.upper()
slowness = slowness * kilometer2degrees(1)
xp, xs = 0., 0.
qp, qs = self._calc_vertical_slowness(slowness, phase=phase)
if 'P' in phase:
xp = np.cumsum(self.dz * slowness / qp)
if 'S' in phase:
xs = np.cumsum(self.dz * slowness / qs)
x = xp * phase.count('P') + xs * phase.count('S')
z = self.z
index = np.nonzero(depth < z)[0][0] - 1
return x[index] + ((x[index + 1] - x[index]) *
(depth - z[index]) / (z[index + 1] - z[index]))
def __init__(self, ses3d_seismogram):
#inherit information from instance of ses3d_seismogram()
self.ses3d_seismogram = ses3d_seismogram
self.eq_depth = ses3d_seismogram.sz/1000.0
#initialize receiver function specific information
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth((90.0-self.ses3d_seismogram.rx),
self.ses3d_seismogram.ry,
(90.0-self.ses3d_seismogram.sx),
self.ses3d_seismogram.sy,
a = 6371000.0, f = 0.0)
self.back_az = dist_az[1]
self.az = dist_az[2]
self.delta_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_az[0]/1000.0)
self.time = np.zeros(100)
self.prf = np.zeros(100)
self.srf = np.zeros(100)
self.r = np.zeros(100)
self.t = np.zeros(100)
self.z = np.zeros(100)
self.slowness = 0.0
self.pierce_dict = []
self.window_start = 0.0
self.window_end = 0.0
def __init__(self, ses3d_seismogram):
#inherit information from instance of ses3d_seismogram()
self.ses3d_seismogram = ses3d_seismogram
self.eq_depth = ses3d_seismogram.sz / 1000.0
#initialize receiver function specific information
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth((90.0 - self.ses3d_seismogram.rx),
self.ses3d_seismogram.ry,
(90.0 - self.ses3d_seismogram.sx),
self.ses3d_seismogram.sy,
a=6371000.0,
f=0.0)
self.back_az = dist_az[1]
self.az = dist_az[2]
self.delta_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_az[0] / 1000.0)
self.time = np.zeros(100)
self.prf = np.zeros(100)
self.srf = np.zeros(100)
self.r = np.zeros(100)
self.t = np.zeros(100)
self.z = np.zeros(100)
self.slowness = 0.0
self.pierce_dict = []
self.window_start = 0.0
self.window_end = 0.0
def rfstats(stats=None, event=None, station=None, stream=None,
phase='P', dist_range=None):
"""
Calculate ray specific values like slowness for given event and station.
:param stats: stats object with event and/or station attributes. Can be
None if both event and station are given.
:param event: ObsPy :class:`~obspy.core.event.Event` object
:param station: station object with attributes latitude, longitude and
elevation
:param stream: If a stream is given, stats has to be None. In this case
rfstats will be called for every stats object in the stream.
:param phase: string with phase to look for in result of
:func:`~obspy.taup.taup.getTravelTimes`. Usually this will be 'P' or
'S' for P and S receiver functions, respectively.
:type dist_range: tuple of length 2
:param dist_range: if epicentral of event is not in this intervall, None
is returned by this function,\n
if phase == 'P' defaults to (30, 90),\n
if phase == 'S' defaults to (50, 85)
:return: ``stats`` object with event and station attributes, distance,
back_azimuth, inclination, onset and slowness or None if epicentral
distance is not in the given intervall
"""
if stream is not None:
assert stats is None
for tr in stream:
rfstats(tr.stats, event, station, None, phase, dist_range)
return
phase = phase.upper()
if dist_range is None and phase in 'PS':
dist_range = (30, 90) if phase == 'P' else (50, 85)
if stats is None:
stats = AttribDict({})
stats.update(obj2stats(event=event, station=station))
dist, baz, _ = gps2DistAzimuth(stats.station_latitude,
stats.station_longitude,
stats.event_latitude,
stats.event_longitude)
dist = kilometer2degrees(dist / 1000)
if dist_range and not dist_range[0] <= dist <= dist_range[1]:
return
tts = getTravelTimes(dist, stats.event_depth)
tts2 = getTravelTimes(dist, 0)
tts = [tt for tt in tts if tt['phase_name'] == phase]
tts2 = [tt for tt in tts2 if tt['phase_name'] == phase]
if len(tts) == 0 or len(tts2) == 0:
raise Exception('Taup does not return phase %s at event distance %s' %
(phase, dist))
onset = stats.event_time + tts[0]['time']
inc = tts2[0]['take-off angle'] # approximation
v = 5.8 if 'P' in phase else 3.36 # iasp91
slowness = 6371. * sin(pi / 180. * inc) / v / 180 * pi
stats.update({'distance': dist, 'back_azimuth': baz, 'inclination': inc,
'onset': onset, 'slowness': slowness})
return stats
def get_event_params(eq_lat,eq_lon): dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lat,eq_lon,0,0,a=6371000.0,f=0.0) dist_km = dist_az[0]/1000.0 dist_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_km) az = dist_az[1] baz = dist_az[2] rotation_angle = -1.0*((baz-180) -90.0) #rotation_angle = -1.0*(az-90.0) return dist_deg,rotation_angle
def get_event_params(eq_lat, eq_lon):
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lat, eq_lon, 0, 0, a=6371000.0, f=0.0)
dist_km = dist_az[0] / 1000.0
dist_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_km)
az = dist_az[1]
baz = dist_az[2]
rotation_angle = -1.0 * ((baz - 180) - 90.0)
#rotation_angle = -1.0*(az-90.0)
return dist_deg, rotation_angle
def event2stats(lat, lon, event, phase='P', dist_range=(30, 90)):
phase = phase.upper()
ori = event.origins[0]
dist, baz, _ = gps2DistAzimuth(lat, lon,
ori.latitude, ori.longitude)
dist = kilometer2degrees(dist / 1000)
if not dist_range[0] <= dist <= dist_range[1]:
return
tts = getTravelTimes(dist, ori.depth)
tts2 = getTravelTimes(dist, 0)
tts = [tt for tt in tts if tt['phase_name'] == phase]
tts2 = [tt for tt in tts2 if tt['phase_name'] == phase]
if len(tts) == 0 or len(tts2) == 0:
raise Exception('Taup does not return phase %s at event distance %s' %
(phase, dist))
onset = event.origins[0].time + tts[0]['time']
inc = tts2[0]['take-off angle'] # approximation
return AttribDict({'dist':dist, 'back_azimuth':baz, 'inclination': inc,
'onset':onset})
def plot_all(self, directory, sf=1e5, component='x'):
import seismograms as s
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import gps2DistAzimuth
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import kilometer2degrees
for i in range(0, self.n_recs):
a = s.ses3d_seismogram()
a.read(directory, self.recs[i])
#determine epicentral distance
dist_az = gps2DistAzimuth((90.0 - a.rx), a.ry, (90.0 - a.sx), a.sy)
back_az = dist_az[1]
delta_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_az[0] / 1000.0)
if (component == 'x'):
plt.plot(a.trace_x * sf + delta_deg, a.t, 'k')
elif (component == 'y'):
plt.plot(a.trace_y * sf + delta_deg, a.t, 'k')
elif (component == 'z'):
plt.plot(a.trace_z * sf + delta_deg, a.t, 'k')
plt.show()
def plot_all(self,directory,sf=1e5,component='x'):
import seismograms as s
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import gps2DistAzimuth
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import kilometer2degrees
for i in range(0,self.n_recs):
a = s.ses3d_seismogram()
a.read(directory,self.recs[i])
#determine epicentral distance
dist_az = gps2DistAzimuth((90.0-a.rx),a.ry,(90.0-a.sx),a.sy)
back_az = dist_az[1]
delta_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_az[0]/1000.0)
if (component == 'x'):
plt.plot(a.trace_x*sf + delta_deg, a.t,'k')
elif (component == 'y'):
plt.plot(a.trace_y*sf + delta_deg, a.t,'k')
elif (component == 'z'):
plt.plot(a.trace_z*sf + delta_deg, a.t,'k')
plt.show()
def read_nlloc_hyp(filename, coordinate_converter=None, picks=None, **kwargs):
"""
Reads a NonLinLoc Hypocenter-Phase file to a
:class:`~obspy.core.event.Catalog` object.
.. note::
Coordinate conversion from coordinate frame of NonLinLoc model files /
location run to WGS84 has to be specified explicitly by the user if
necessary.
.. note::
An example can be found on the :mod:`~obspy.nlloc` submodule front
page in the documentation pages.
:param filename: File or file-like object in text mode.
:type coordinate_converter: func
:param coordinate_converter: Function to convert (x, y, z)
coordinates of NonLinLoc output to geographical coordinates and depth
in meters (longitude, latitude, depth in kilometers).
If left `None` NonLinLoc (x, y, z) output is left unchanged (e.g. if
it is in geographical coordinates already like for NonLinLoc in
global mode).
The function should accept three arguments x, y, z and return a
tuple of three values (lon, lat, depth in kilometers).
:type picks: list of :class:`~obspy.core.event.Pick`
:param picks: Original picks used to generate the NonLinLoc location.
If provided, the output event will include the original picks and the
arrivals in the output origin will link to them correctly (with their
`pick_id` attribute). If not provided, the output event will include
(the rather basic) pick information that can be reconstructed from the
NonLinLoc hypocenter-phase file.
:rtype: :class:`~obspy.core.event.Catalog`
"""
if not hasattr(filename, "read"):
# Check if it exists, otherwise assume its a string.
try:
with open(filename, "rt") as fh:
data = fh.read()
except:
try:
data = filename.decode()
except:
data = str(filename)
data = data.strip()
else:
data = filename.read()
if hasattr(data, "decode"):
data = data.decode()
lines = data.splitlines()
# remember picks originally used in location, if provided
original_picks = picks
if original_picks is None:
original_picks = []
# determine indices of block start/end of the NLLOC output file
indices_hyp = [None, None]
indices_phases = [None, None]
for i, line in enumerate(lines):
if line.startswith("NLLOC "):
indices_hyp[0] = i
elif line.startswith("END_NLLOC"):
indices_hyp[1] = i
elif line.startswith("PHASE "):
indices_phases[0] = i
elif line.startswith("END_PHASE"):
indices_phases[1] = i
if any([i is None for i in indices_hyp]):
msg = ("NLLOC HYP file seems corrupt,"
" could not detect 'NLLOC' and 'END_NLLOC' lines.")
raise RuntimeError(msg)
# strip any other lines around NLLOC block
lines = lines[indices_hyp[0]:indices_hyp[1]]
# extract PHASES lines (if any)
if any(indices_phases):
if not all(indices_phases):
msg = ("NLLOC HYP file seems corrupt, 'PHASE' block is corrupt.")
raise RuntimeError(msg)
i1, i2 = indices_phases
lines, phases_lines = lines[:i1] + lines[i2 + 1:], lines[i1 + 1:i2]
else:
phases_lines = []
lines = dict([line.split(None, 1) for line in lines])
line = lines["SIGNATURE"]
line = line.rstrip().split('"')[1]
signature, version, date, time = line.rsplit(" ", 3)
creation_time = UTCDateTime().strptime(date + time, str("%d%b%Y%Hh%Mm%S"))
# maximum likelihood origin location info line
line = lines["HYPOCENTER"]
x, y, z = map(float, line.split()[1:7:2])
if coordinate_converter:
x, y, z = coordinate_converter(x, y, z)
# origin time info line
line = lines["GEOGRAPHIC"]
year, month, day, hour, minute = map(int, line.split()[1:6])
seconds = float(line.split()[6])
time = UTCDateTime(year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds)
# distribution statistics line
line = lines["STATISTICS"]
covariance_XX = float(line.split()[7])
covariance_YY = float(line.split()[13])
covariance_ZZ = float(line.split()[17])
stats_info_string = str(
"Note: Depth/Latitude/Longitude errors are calculated from covariance "
"matrix as 1D marginal (Lon/Lat errors as great circle degrees) "
"while OriginUncertainty min/max horizontal errors are calculated "
"from 2D error ellipsoid and are therefore seemingly higher compared "
"to 1D errors. Error estimates can be reconstructed from the "
"following original NonLinLoc error statistics line:\nSTATISTICS " +
lines["STATISTICS"])
# goto location quality info line
line = lines["QML_OriginQuality"].split()
(assoc_phase_count, used_phase_count, assoc_station_count,
used_station_count, depth_phase_count) = map(int, line[1:11:2])
stderr, az_gap, sec_az_gap = map(float, line[11:17:2])
gt_level = line[17]
min_dist, max_dist, med_dist = map(float, line[19:25:2])
# goto location quality info line
line = lines["QML_OriginUncertainty"]
hor_unc, min_hor_unc, max_hor_unc, hor_unc_azim = \
map(float, line.split()[1:9:2])
# assign origin info
event = Event()
cat = Catalog(events=[event])
o = Origin()
event.origins = [o]
o.origin_uncertainty = OriginUncertainty()
o.quality = OriginQuality()
ou = o.origin_uncertainty
oq = o.quality
o.comments.append(Comment(text=stats_info_string))
cat.creation_info.creation_time = UTCDateTime()
cat.creation_info.version = "ObsPy %s" % __version__
event.creation_info = CreationInfo(creation_time=creation_time,
version=version)
event.creation_info.version = version
o.creation_info = CreationInfo(creation_time=creation_time,
version=version)
# negative values can appear on diagonal of covariance matrix due to a
# precision problem in NLLoc implementation when location coordinates are
# large compared to the covariances.
o.longitude = x
try:
o.longitude_errors.uncertainty = kilometer2degrees(sqrt(covariance_XX))
except ValueError:
if covariance_XX < 0:
msg = ("Negative value in XX value of covariance matrix, not "
"setting longitude error (epicentral uncertainties will "
"still be set in origin uncertainty).")
warnings.warn(msg)
else:
raise
o.latitude = y
try:
o.latitude_errors.uncertainty = kilometer2degrees(sqrt(covariance_YY))
except ValueError:
if covariance_YY < 0:
msg = ("Negative value in YY value of covariance matrix, not "
"setting longitude error (epicentral uncertainties will "
"still be set in origin uncertainty).")
warnings.warn(msg)
else:
raise
o.depth = z * 1e3 # meters!
o.depth_errors.uncertainty = sqrt(covariance_ZZ) * 1e3 # meters!
o.depth_errors.confidence_level = 68
o.depth_type = str("from location")
o.time = time
ou.horizontal_uncertainty = hor_unc
ou.min_horizontal_uncertainty = min_hor_unc
ou.max_horizontal_uncertainty = max_hor_unc
# values of -1 seem to be used for unset values, set to None
for field in ("horizontal_uncertainty", "min_horizontal_uncertainty",
"max_horizontal_uncertainty"):
if ou.get(field, -1) == -1:
ou[field] = None
else:
ou[field] *= 1e3 # meters!
ou.azimuth_max_horizontal_uncertainty = hor_unc_azim
ou.preferred_description = str("uncertainty ellipse")
ou.confidence_level = 68 # NonLinLoc in general uses 1-sigma (68%) level
oq.standard_error = stderr
oq.azimuthal_gap = az_gap
oq.secondary_azimuthal_gap = sec_az_gap
oq.used_phase_count = used_phase_count
oq.used_station_count = used_station_count
oq.associated_phase_count = assoc_phase_count
oq.associated_station_count = assoc_station_count
oq.depth_phase_count = depth_phase_count
oq.ground_truth_level = gt_level
oq.minimum_distance = kilometer2degrees(min_dist)
oq.maximum_distance = kilometer2degrees(max_dist)
oq.median_distance = kilometer2degrees(med_dist)
# go through all phase info lines
for line in phases_lines:
line = line.split()
arrival = Arrival()
o.arrivals.append(arrival)
station = str(line[0])
phase = str(line[4])
arrival.phase = phase
arrival.distance = kilometer2degrees(float(line[21]))
arrival.azimuth = float(line[23])
arrival.takeoff_angle = float(line[24])
arrival.time_residual = float(line[16])
arrival.time_weight = float(line[17])
pick = Pick()
wid = WaveformStreamID(station_code=station)
date, hourmin, sec = map(str, line[6:9])
t = UTCDateTime().strptime(date + hourmin, "%Y%m%d%H%M") + float(sec)
pick.waveform_id = wid
pick.time = t
pick.time_errors.uncertainty = float(line[10])
pick.phase_hint = phase
pick.onset = ONSETS.get(line[3].lower(), None)
pick.polarity = POLARITIES.get(line[5].lower(), None)
# try to determine original pick for each arrival
for pick_ in original_picks:
wid = pick_.waveform_id
if station == wid.station_code and phase == pick_.phase_hint:
pick = pick_
break
else:
# warn if original picks were specified and we could not associate
# the arrival correctly
if original_picks:
msg = ("Could not determine corresponding original pick for "
"arrival. "
"Falling back to pick information in NonLinLoc "
"hypocenter-phase file.")
warnings.warn(msg)
event.picks.append(pick)
arrival.pick_id = pick.resource_id
return cat
def read_nlloc_hyp(filename, coordinate_converter=None, picks=None, **kwargs):
"""
Reads a NonLinLoc Hypocenter-Phase file to a
:class:`~obspy.core.event.Catalog` object.
.. note::
Coordinate conversion from coordinate frame of NonLinLoc model files /
location run to WGS84 has to be specified explicitly by the user if
necessary.
.. note::
An example can be found on the :mod:`~obspy.nlloc` submodule front
page in the documentation pages.
:param filename: File or file-like object in text mode.
:type coordinate_converter: func
:param coordinate_converter: Function to convert (x, y, z)
coordinates of NonLinLoc output to geographical coordinates and depth
in meters (longitude, latitude, depth in kilometers).
If left `None` NonLinLoc (x, y, z) output is left unchanged (e.g. if
it is in geographical coordinates already like for NonLinLoc in
global mode).
The function should accept three arguments x, y, z and return a
tuple of three values (lon, lat, depth in kilometers).
:type picks: list of :class:`~obspy.core.event.Pick`
:param picks: Original picks used to generate the NonLinLoc location.
If provided, the output event will include the original picks and the
arrivals in the output origin will link to them correctly (with their
`pick_id` attribute). If not provided, the output event will include
(the rather basic) pick information that can be reconstructed from the
NonLinLoc hypocenter-phase file.
:rtype: :class:`~obspy.core.event.Catalog`
"""
if not hasattr(filename, "read"):
# Check if it exists, otherwise assume its a string.
try:
with open(filename, "rt") as fh:
data = fh.read()
except:
try:
data = filename.decode()
except:
data = str(filename)
data = data.strip()
else:
data = filename.read()
if hasattr(data, "decode"):
data = data.decode()
lines = data.splitlines()
# remember picks originally used in location, if provided
original_picks = picks
if original_picks is None:
original_picks = []
# determine indices of block start/end of the NLLOC output file
indices_hyp = [None, None]
indices_phases = [None, None]
for i, line in enumerate(lines):
if line.startswith("NLLOC "):
indices_hyp[0] = i
elif line.startswith("END_NLLOC"):
indices_hyp[1] = i
elif line.startswith("PHASE "):
indices_phases[0] = i
elif line.startswith("END_PHASE"):
indices_phases[1] = i
if any([i is None for i in indices_hyp]):
msg = ("NLLOC HYP file seems corrupt,"
" could not detect 'NLLOC' and 'END_NLLOC' lines.")
raise RuntimeError(msg)
# strip any other lines around NLLOC block
lines = lines[indices_hyp[0]:indices_hyp[1]]
# extract PHASES lines (if any)
if any(indices_phases):
if not all(indices_phases):
msg = ("NLLOC HYP file seems corrupt, 'PHASE' block is corrupt.")
raise RuntimeError(msg)
i1, i2 = indices_phases
lines, phases_lines = lines[:i1] + lines[i2 + 1:], lines[i1 + 1:i2]
else:
phases_lines = []
lines = dict([line.split(None, 1) for line in lines])
line = lines["SIGNATURE"]
line = line.rstrip().split('"')[1]
signature, version, date, time = line.rsplit(" ", 3)
creation_time = UTCDateTime().strptime(date + time, str("%d%b%Y%Hh%Mm%S"))
# maximum likelihood origin location info line
line = lines["HYPOCENTER"]
x, y, z = map(float, line.split()[1:7:2])
if coordinate_converter:
x, y, z = coordinate_converter(x, y, z)
# origin time info line
line = lines["GEOGRAPHIC"]
year, month, day, hour, minute = map(int, line.split()[1:6])
seconds = float(line.split()[6])
time = UTCDateTime(year, month, day, hour, minute, seconds)
# distribution statistics line
line = lines["STATISTICS"]
covariance_XX = float(line.split()[7])
covariance_YY = float(line.split()[13])
covariance_ZZ = float(line.split()[17])
stats_info_string = str(
"Note: Depth/Latitude/Longitude errors are calculated from covariance "
"matrix as 1D marginal (Lon/Lat errors as great circle degrees) "
"while OriginUncertainty min/max horizontal errors are calculated "
"from 2D error ellipsoid and are therefore seemingly higher compared "
"to 1D errors. Error estimates can be reconstructed from the "
"following original NonLinLoc error statistics line:\nSTATISTICS " +
lines["STATISTICS"])
# goto location quality info line
line = lines["QML_OriginQuality"].split()
(assoc_phase_count, used_phase_count, assoc_station_count,
used_station_count, depth_phase_count) = map(int, line[1:11:2])
stderr, az_gap, sec_az_gap = map(float, line[11:17:2])
gt_level = line[17]
min_dist, max_dist, med_dist = map(float, line[19:25:2])
# goto location quality info line
line = lines["QML_OriginUncertainty"]
hor_unc, min_hor_unc, max_hor_unc, hor_unc_azim = \
map(float, line.split()[1:9:2])
# assign origin info
event = Event()
cat = Catalog(events=[event])
o = Origin()
event.origins = [o]
o.origin_uncertainty = OriginUncertainty()
o.quality = OriginQuality()
ou = o.origin_uncertainty
oq = o.quality
o.comments.append(Comment(text=stats_info_string))
cat.creation_info.creation_time = UTCDateTime()
cat.creation_info.version = "ObsPy %s" % __version__
event.creation_info = CreationInfo(creation_time=creation_time,
version=version)
event.creation_info.version = version
o.creation_info = CreationInfo(creation_time=creation_time,
version=version)
# negative values can appear on diagonal of covariance matrix due to a
# precision problem in NLLoc implementation when location coordinates are
# large compared to the covariances.
o.longitude = x
try:
o.longitude_errors.uncertainty = kilometer2degrees(sqrt(covariance_XX))
except ValueError:
if covariance_XX < 0:
msg = ("Negative value in XX value of covariance matrix, not "
"setting longitude error (epicentral uncertainties will "
"still be set in origin uncertainty).")
warnings.warn(msg)
else:
raise
o.latitude = y
try:
o.latitude_errors.uncertainty = kilometer2degrees(sqrt(covariance_YY))
except ValueError:
if covariance_YY < 0:
msg = ("Negative value in YY value of covariance matrix, not "
"setting longitude error (epicentral uncertainties will "
"still be set in origin uncertainty).")
warnings.warn(msg)
else:
raise
o.depth = z * 1e3 # meters!
o.depth_errors.uncertainty = sqrt(covariance_ZZ) * 1e3 # meters!
o.depth_errors.confidence_level = 68
o.depth_type = str("from location")
o.time = time
ou.horizontal_uncertainty = hor_unc
ou.min_horizontal_uncertainty = min_hor_unc
ou.max_horizontal_uncertainty = max_hor_unc
# values of -1 seem to be used for unset values, set to None
for field in ("horizontal_uncertainty", "min_horizontal_uncertainty",
"max_horizontal_uncertainty"):
if ou.get(field, -1) == -1:
ou[field] = None
else:
ou[field] *= 1e3 # meters!
ou.azimuth_max_horizontal_uncertainty = hor_unc_azim
ou.preferred_description = str("uncertainty ellipse")
ou.confidence_level = 68 # NonLinLoc in general uses 1-sigma (68%) level
oq.standard_error = stderr
oq.azimuthal_gap = az_gap
oq.secondary_azimuthal_gap = sec_az_gap
oq.used_phase_count = used_phase_count
oq.used_station_count = used_station_count
oq.associated_phase_count = assoc_phase_count
oq.associated_station_count = assoc_station_count
oq.depth_phase_count = depth_phase_count
oq.ground_truth_level = gt_level
oq.minimum_distance = kilometer2degrees(min_dist)
oq.maximum_distance = kilometer2degrees(max_dist)
oq.median_distance = kilometer2degrees(med_dist)
# go through all phase info lines
for line in phases_lines:
line = line.split()
arrival = Arrival()
o.arrivals.append(arrival)
station = str(line[0])
phase = str(line[4])
arrival.phase = phase
arrival.distance = kilometer2degrees(float(line[21]))
arrival.azimuth = float(line[23])
arrival.takeoff_angle = float(line[24])
arrival.time_residual = float(line[16])
arrival.time_weight = float(line[17])
pick = Pick()
wid = WaveformStreamID(station_code=station)
date, hourmin, sec = map(str, line[6:9])
t = UTCDateTime().strptime(date + hourmin, "%Y%m%d%H%M") + float(sec)
pick.waveform_id = wid
pick.time = t
pick.time_errors.uncertainty = float(line[10])
pick.phase_hint = phase
pick.onset = ONSETS.get(line[3].lower(), None)
pick.polarity = POLARITIES.get(line[5].lower(), None)
# try to determine original pick for each arrival
for pick_ in original_picks:
wid = pick_.waveform_id
if station == wid.station_code and phase == pick_.phase_hint:
pick = pick_
break
else:
# warn if original picks were specified and we could not associate
# the arrival correctly
if original_picks:
msg = ("Could not determine corresponding original pick for "
"arrival. "
"Falling back to pick information in NonLinLoc "
"hypocenter-phase file.")
warnings.warn(msg)
event.picks.append(pick)
arrival.pick_id = pick.resource_id
return cat
def make_earthquake_list(param_dict, **kwargs):
'''
Generate earthquakes to be used in tomographic inversion. Earthquake locations can
be generated randomly within the distance range (deltamin, deltamax), or alternatively
a ring of earthquakes at a fixed distance from the point (0,0) can be generated.
In the futures, events may be given as an obspy event catalog.
args--------------------------------------------------------------------------
param_dict: parameter dictionary (read from file 'inparam_tomo')
kwargs------------------------------------------------------------------------
nevents: number of earthquakes (only use if geometry is 'random')
deltamin = minimum earthquake distance from (0,0) (only if geometry is 'random')
deltamax = maximum earthquake distance from (0,0) (only if geometry is 'random')
ringdist = distance of ring from (0,0). Can be tuple for multiple rings. (only if geometry is 'ring')
dtheta = spacing between earthquakes in ring, given in degrees. Default = 30.
'''
geometry = param_dict['event_geometry']
nevents = param_dict['nevents']
depth = param_dict['depth']
deltamin = param_dict['deltamin']
deltamax = param_dict['deltamax']
ringdist = param_dict['ringdist']
dtheta = param_dict['dtheta']
lat0 = kwargs.get('lat0', 0.0)
lon0 = kwargs.get('lon0', 0.0)
eq_list = []
n = 1
if geometry == 'random':
while len(eq_list) < nevents:
lon = (2.0 * deltamax * np.random.random(1)) - deltamax
lat = (2.0 * deltamax * np.random.random(1)) - deltamax
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth(lat,
lon,
lat0,
lon0,
a=6371000.0,
f=0.0)
dist_km = dist_az[0] / 1000.0
dist_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_km)
if dist_deg >= deltamin and dist_deg <= deltamax:
eq_list.append((n, lon[0], lat[0], depth))
n += 1
elif geometry == 'ring':
theta = np.arange(0, 360, dtheta)
origin = geopy.Point(0, 0)
eq_list = []
if type(ringdist) == int or type(ringdist) == float:
d_km = ringdist * ((6371.0 * 2 * np.pi) / 360.0)
for i in range(0, len(theta)):
bearing = theta[i]
destination = VincentyDistance(kilometers=d_km).destination(
origin, bearing)
lat = destination[0]
lon = destination[1]
eq_list.append((n, lon, lat, depth))
n += 1
elif type(ringdist == tuple):
for r in ringdist:
d_km = r * ((6371.0 * 2 * np.pi) / 360.0)
for i in range(0, len(theta)):
bearing = theta[i]
destination = VincentyDistance(
kilometers=d_km).destination(origin, bearing)
lat = destination[0]
lon = destination[1]
eq_list.append((n, lon, lat, depth))
n += 1
np.savetxt('earthquake_list',
eq_list,
fmt=['%d', '%5.5f', '%5.5f', '%5.5f'])
return eq_list
def calculate_ray_coverage(earthquake_list,stations_list,depth_range,phase='S',**kwargs):
'''
args:
earthquake_list: earthquakes file (same format as used in synth tomo)
stations_list: stations file (same format as used in synth tomo)
depth_range: tuple (mindepth,maxdepth)
kwargs:
savefig: True or False
figname: str, name of figure (defaults to fig.pdf)
plot_title: str, title at the top of the plot (default no title)
'''
#the earthquake list format is: eq num, eq lon, eq lat, eq dep
#the stations list format is: st lon, st lat
savefig = kwargs.get('savefig',True)
fig_name = kwargs.get('fig_name','fig.pdf')
plot_title = kwargs.get('plot_title','None')
fout_name = kwargs.get('fout_name','None')
prem = TauPyModel('prem_50km')
stations_file = np.loadtxt(stations_list)
quakes_file = np.loadtxt(earthquake_list)
n_quakes = len(quakes_file)
n_stats = len(stations_file)
st_lons = stations_file[:,0]
st_lats = stations_file[:,1]
eq_lons = quakes_file[:,1]
eq_lats = quakes_file[:,2]
eq_deps = quakes_file[:,3]
if phase=='S' or phase=='P':
delta_min = 30.0
delta_max = 100.0
elif phase == 'SKS':
delta_min = 70.0
delta_max = 140.0
m = Basemap(projection='hammer',lon_0=204)
fout = open(fout_name,'w')
for i in range(0,n_quakes):
#print 'working on earthquake', i
for j in range(0,n_stats):
geodet = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lats[i], eq_lons[i], st_lats[j], st_lons[j])
dist_m = geodet[0]
dist_deg = kilometer2degrees((dist_m/1000.))
if dist_deg < delta_min:
continue
elif dist_deg > delta_max:
continue
az = geodet[1]
#print 'eq_lat, eq_lon, st_lat, st_lon, dist_deg', eq_lats[i],eq_lons[i],st_lats[j],st_lons[j],dist_deg
arrs = prem.get_pierce_points(source_depth_in_km=eq_deps[i],
distance_in_degree=dist_deg,
phase_list=[phase])
#print arrs
arr = arrs[0]
pierce_dict = arr.pierce
#items in pierce_dict: 'p' (slowness), 'time' (time in s), 'dist', (distance in rad), 'depth' (depth in km)
origin = geopy.Point(eq_lats[i],eq_lons[i])
bearing = az
geo_path = []
cross_pt1 = 0
cross_pt2 = 0
dist_max = pierce_dict['dist'][::-1][0]
for ds in pierce_dict:
#only add points that are past turning depth
dist_here = ds[2]
if dist_here >= dist_max / 2:
time_here = ds[1]
depth_here = ds[3]
if depth_here == depth_range[1]:
dist_deg = np.degrees(ds[2])
dist_km = dist_deg * ((2*np.pi*6371.0/360.0))
geo_pt = VincentyDistance(kilometers=dist_km).destination(origin,bearing)
lat_pt = geo_pt[0]
lon_pt = geo_pt[1]
cross_pt1 = (lon_pt,lat_pt)
if depth_here == depth_range[0]:
dist_deg = np.degrees(ds[2])
dist_km = dist_deg * ((2*np.pi*6371.0/360.0))
geo_pt = VincentyDistance(kilometers=dist_km).destination(origin,bearing)
lat_pt = geo_pt[0]
lon_pt = geo_pt[1]
cross_pt2 = (lon_pt,lat_pt)
if cross_pt1 != 0 and cross_pt2 != 0:
m.drawgreatcircle(cross_pt1[0],cross_pt1[1],cross_pt2[0],cross_pt2[1],linewidth=1,alpha=0.15,color='k')
fout.write('{} {} {} {}'.format(cross_pt1[0],cross_pt1[1],cross_pt2[0],cross_pt2[1])+'\n')
m.drawcoastlines()
m.fillcontinents(color='lightgrey')
#m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90.,120.,30.))
#m.drawmeridians(np.arange(0.,360.,60.))
if plot_title != 'None':
plt.title(plot_title)
if savefig:
plt.savefig(fig_name)
plt.clf()
else:
plt.show()
def vespagram(stream, ev, inv, method, frqlow, frqhigh, baz, scale, nthroot=4,
filter=True, static3D=False, vel_corr=4.8, sl=(0.0, 10.0, 0.5),
align=False, align_phase=['P', 'Pdiff'], plot_trace=True):
"""
vespagram wrapper routine for MESS 2014.
:param stream: Waveforms for the array processing.
:type stream: :class:`obspy.core.stream.Stream`
:param inventory: Station metadata for waveforms
:type inventory: :class:`obspy.station.inventory.Inventory`
:param method: Method used for the array analysis
(one of "DLS": Delay and Sum, "PWS": Phase Weighted Stack).
:type method: str
:param frqlow: Low corner of frequency range for array analysis
:type frqlow: float
:param frqhigh: High corner of frequency range for array analysis
:type frqhigh: float
:param baz: pre-defined (theoretical or calculated) backazimuth used for calculation
:type baz_plot: float
:param scale: scale for plotting
:type scale: float
:param nthroot: estimating the nthroot for calculation of the beam
:type nthroot: int
:param filter: Whether to bandpass data to selected frequency range
:type filter: bool
:param static3D: static correction of topography using `vel_corr` as
velocity (slow!)
:type static3D: bool
:param vel_corr: Correction velocity for static topography correction in
km/s.
:type vel_corr: float
:param sl: Min/Max and stepwidthslowness for analysis
:type sl: (float, float,float)
:param align: whether to align the vespagram to a certain phase
:type align: bool
:param align_phase: phase to be aligned with (might be a list if simulateneous arivials are expected (P,PcP,Pdif)
:type align: str
:param plot_trace: if True plot the vespagram as wiggle plot, if False as density map
:type align: bool
"""
starttime = max([tr.stats.starttime for tr in stream])
endtime = min([tr.stats.endtime for tr in stream])
stream.trim(starttime, endtime)
org = ev.preferred_origin() or ev.origins[0]
ev_lat = org.latitude
ev_lon = org.longitude
ev_depth = org.depth/1000. # in km
ev_otime = org.time
sll, slm, sls = sl
sll /= KM_PER_DEG
slm /= KM_PER_DEG
sls /= KM_PER_DEG
center_lon = 0.
center_lat = 0.
center_elv = 0.
seismo = stream
seismo.attach_response(inv)
seismo.merge()
sz = Stream()
i = 0
for tr in seismo:
for station in inv[0].stations:
if tr.stats.station == station.code:
tr.stats.coordinates = \
AttribDict({'latitude': station.latitude,
'longitude': station.longitude,
'elevation': station.elevation})
center_lon += station.longitude
center_lat += station.latitude
center_elv += station.elevation
i += 1
sz.append(tr)
center_lon /= float(i)
center_lat /= float(i)
center_elv /= float(i)
starttime = max([tr.stats.starttime for tr in stream])
stt = starttime
endtime = min([tr.stats.endtime for tr in stream])
e = endtime
stream.trim(starttime, endtime)
#nut = 0
max_amp = 0.
sz.trim(stt, e)
sz.detrend('simple')
print sz
fl, fh = frqlow, frqhigh
if filter:
sz.filter('bandpass', freqmin=fl, freqmax=fh, zerophase=True)
if align:
deg = []
shift = []
res = gps2DistAzimuth(center_lat, center_lon, ev_lat, ev_lon)
deg.append(kilometer2degrees(res[0]/1000.))
tt = getTravelTimes(deg[0], ev_depth, model='ak135')
for item in tt:
phase = item['phase_name']
if phase in align_phase:
try:
travel = item['time']
travel = ev_otime.timestamp + travel
dtime = travel - stt.timestamp
shift.append(dtime)
except:
break
for i, tr in enumerate(sz):
res = gps2DistAzimuth(tr.stats.coordinates['latitude'],
tr.stats.coordinates['longitude'],
ev_lat, ev_lon)
deg.append(kilometer2degrees(res[0]/1000.))
tt = getTravelTimes(deg[i+1], ev_depth, model='ak135')
for item in tt:
phase = item['phase_name']
if phase in align_phase:
try:
travel = item['time']
travel = ev_otime.timestamp + travel
dtime = travel - stt.timestamp
shift.append(dtime)
except:
break
shift = np.asarray(shift)
shift -= shift[0]
AA.shifttrace_freq(sz, -shift)
baz += 180.
nbeam = int((slm - sll)/sls + 0.5) + 1
kwargs = dict(
# slowness grid: X min, X max, Y min, Y max, Slow Step
sll=sll, slm=slm, sls=sls, baz=baz, stime=stt, method=method,
nthroot=nthroot, etime=e, correct_3dplane=False, static_3D=static3D,
vel_cor=vel_corr)
start = UTCDateTime()
slow, beams, max_beam, beam_max = AA.vespagram_baz(sz, **kwargs)
print "Total time in routine: %f\n" % (UTCDateTime() - start)
df = sz[0].stats.sampling_rate
# Plot the seismograms
npts = len(beams[0])
print npts
T = np.arange(0, npts/df, 1/df)
sll *= KM_PER_DEG
slm *= KM_PER_DEG
sls *= KM_PER_DEG
slow = np.arange(sll, slm, sls)
max_amp = np.max(beams[:, :])
#min_amp = np.min(beams[:, :])
scale *= sls
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
if plot_trace:
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.85, 0.85])
for i in xrange(nbeam):
if i == max_beam:
ax1.plot(T, sll + scale*beams[i]/max_amp + i*sls, 'r',
zorder=1)
else:
ax1.plot(T, sll + scale*beams[i]/max_amp + i*sls, 'k',
zorder=-1)
ax1.set_xlabel('Time [s]')
ax1.set_ylabel('slowness [s/deg]')
ax1.set_xlim(T[0], T[-1])
data_minmax = ax1.yaxis.get_data_interval()
minmax = [min(slow[0], data_minmax[0]), max(slow[-1], data_minmax[1])]
ax1.set_ylim(*minmax)
#####
else:
#step = (max_amp - min_amp)/100.
#level = np.arange(min_amp, max_amp, step)
#beams = beams.transpose()
#cmap = cm.hot_r
cmap = cm.rainbow
ax1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.85, 0.85])
#ax1.contour(slow,T,beams,level)
#extent = (slow[0], slow[-1], \
# T[0], T[-1])
extent = (T[0], T[-1], slow[0] - sls * 0.5, slow[-1] + sls * 0.5)
ax1.set_ylabel('slowness [s/deg]')
ax1.set_xlabel('T [s]')
beams = np.flipud(beams)
ax1.imshow(beams, cmap=cmap, interpolation="nearest",
extent=extent, aspect='auto')
####
result = "BAZ: %.2f Time %s" % (baz-180., stt)
ax1.set_title(result)
plt.show()
return slow, beams, max_beam, beam_max
def write_input(eq_lat,eq_lon,eq_dep,ievt,stations,phase,delays_file,Tmin,taup_model,filename,raytheory=False,tt_from_raydata=True,**kwargs):
'''
write an input file for globalseis finite frequency tomography software.
each earthquake and datatype (P,S,etc...) has it's own input file
args--------------------------------------------------------------------------
eq_lat: earthquake latitude (deg)
eq_lon: earthquake longitude (deg)
eq_dep: earthquake depth (km)
stations: stations array (lons,lats)
delays_file: h5py datafile containing cross correlation delay times
Tmin: minimum period at which cross correlation measurements were made
taup_model: name of TauPyModel used to calculate 1D travel times
filename:
raytheory: True or False
tt_from_raydata: If True, writes cross correlation times to 'xcor*', which
will then be added to 1D travel times from raydata
kwargs------------------------------------------------------------------------
plot_figure: plot a figure showing source receiver geometry and delay map
t_sig: estimated standard error in cross correlation measurement.
add_noise: add gaussian noise to traveltime measurements of magnitude t_sig
fake_SKS_header: test the SKS header
'''
#define variables used in finite frequency tomography (kwargs)----------------
idate = kwargs.get('idate','15001') #event date YYDDD where DDD is between 1 and 365
iotime = kwargs.get('iotime','010101') #vent origin time (HHMMSS)
kluster = kwargs.get('kluster','0') #0 if no clustering used
stationcode = kwargs.get('stationcode','XXXX') #station code (no more than 16 chars)
netw = kwargs.get('netw','PLUMENET ') #network code
nobst = kwargs.get('nobst','1') #number of travel time measurements
nobsa = kwargs.get('nobsa','0') #number of amplitude measurements
kpole = kwargs.get('kpole','0') #number of polar crossings (0 for P and S)
sampling_rate = kwargs.get('sampling_rate',10.0)
n_bands = kwargs.get('n_bands',1) # spectral bands used (TODO setup more than one)
kunit = kwargs.get('kunit',1) #unit of noise (1 = nm)
rms0 = kwargs.get('rms0',0) #don't know what this is
plot_figure = kwargs.get('plot_figure',False)
dist_min = kwargs.get('dist_min',30.0)
dist_max = kwargs.get('dist_max',90.0)
t_sig = kwargs.get('t_sig',0.0)
add_noise = kwargs.get('add_noise',False)
fake_SKS_header = kwargs.get('fake_SKS_header',False)
filter_type = kwargs.get('filter_type','none')
ievt=int(ievt) #double check ievt is an integer (in case it was read from a file)
debug = False
#create taup model------------------------------------------------------------
tt_model = TauPyModel(taup_model)
#get filter parameters--------------------------------------------------------
print 'Tmin = ', Tmin
omega_list = []
amp_list = []
for T0 in Tmin:
filter_type, freqmin,freqmax, window = get_filter_params(delays_file,phase,T0,filter_type=filter_type)
omega,amp = get_filter_freqs(filter_type,freqmin,freqmax,sampling_rate)
omega_list.append(omega)
amp_list.append(amp)
window_len = window[1] - window[0]
#write header-----------------------------------------------------------------
f = open(filename,'w')
f.write('{}'.format(filename)+'\n')
f.write('{}'.format('None'+'\n'))
fdelays = open('xcor_{}'.format(filename),'w')
#ray information--------------------------------------------------------------
if phase == 'P':
gm_component = 'BHZ ' #ground motion component
f.write('P'+'\n')
f.write('P'+'\n')
f.write('6371 1 1'+'\n')
f.write('3482 2 1'+'\n')
f.write('6371 5 0'+'\n')
elif phase == 'S' and fake_SKS_header == False:
gm_component = 'BHT ' #ground motion component
f.write('S'+'\n')
f.write('S'+'\n')
f.write('6371 1 2'+'\n')
f.write('3482 2 2'+'\n')
f.write('6371 5 0'+'\n')
elif phase == 'SKS' or fake_SKS_header == True:
gm_component = 'BHR ' #ground motion component
f.write('SKS'+'\n')
f.write('SKS'+'\n')
f.write('6371 1 2'+'\n')
f.write('3482 4 1'+'\n')
f.write('1217.1 2 1'+'\n')
f.write('3482 4 2'+'\n')
f.write('6371 5 0'+'\n')
#this is hardwired for now (based on range of rays found with ray tracing software)
if phase == 'P':
dist_min = 30.0
#dist_max = 98.3859100
dist_max = 97.0
elif phase == 'S':
dist_min = 30.0
#dist_max = 99.0557175
dist_max = 97.0
elif phase == 'SKS':
#dist_min = 66.0320663
#dist_max = 144.349365
dist_min = 68.0
dist_max = 142.0
#write spectral band information-----------------------------------------------
if raytheory:
n_bands=0
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands)+'\n')
else:
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands)+'\n')
for i in range(0,n_bands):
f.write('{}'.format(len(omega_list[i]))+'\n')
for j in range(0,len(omega)):
f.write('{} {}'.format(omega_list[i][j],amp_list[i][j])+'\n')
#event delay map--------------------------------------------------------------
#lats_i = np.arange(-30.0,30.0,0.1)
#lons_i = np.arange(-30.0,30.0,0.1)
lats_i = np.arange(-45.0,45.0,0.1)
lons_i = np.arange(-45.0,45.0,0.1)
event_maps = []
station_delays_list = []
if plot_figure:
event_map,figure_axis = make_event_delay_map(eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,delays_file,Tmin,lats_i=lats_i,lons_i=lons_i,plot=True,return_axis=False,nevent=ievt)
else:
if debug:
print 'func:write_input- making event delay map for', phase
#print 'eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,Tmin lats_i,lons_i',eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,Tmin,lats_i,lons_i
for i in range(0,n_bands):
event_map = make_event_delay_map(eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,delays_file,Tmin[i],lats_i=lats_i, lons_i=lons_i,return_axis=False,plot=True,nevent=ievt)
event_maps.append(event_map)
#find delays at stations------------------------------------------------------
if plot_figure:
station_delays = get_station_delays(event_map,stations,lats_i,lons_i,pass_figure_axis=True,figure_axis=figure_axis)
else:
for i in range(0,n_bands):
station_delays = get_station_delays(event_maps[i],stations,lats_i,lons_i)
station_delays_list.append(station_delays)
#add noise (optional)---------------------------------------------------------
if t_sig != 0:
noise = np.random.normal(0,t_sig,len(station_delays))
if add_noise:
for i in range(0,len(station_delays_list)):
station_delays_list[i] += noise
station_lons = stations[0,:]
station_lats = stations[1,:]
n_stations = len(station_lats)
station_elevation = 0.0
for i in range(0,n_stations):
dist_deg, rotation_angle = get_event_params(eq_lat,eq_lon)
#find event distance
event_distaz = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lat,eq_lon,station_lats[i],station_lons[i],a=6371000.0,f=0.0)
event_dist_deg = kilometer2degrees((event_distaz[0]/1000.0))
#skip station if too close or too far from source
if event_dist_deg <= dist_min or event_dist_deg >= dist_max:
continue
#get ray theoretical travel time
#if phase == 'S':
# phase_list = ['s','S','Sdiff']
#elif phase == 'P':
# phase_list = ['p','P','Pdiff']
ray_theory_arr = tt_model.get_travel_times(eq_dep,event_dist_deg,phase_list=[phase])
### TRY TO GET TRAVEL TIME IN CORE #########################################################
ray_theory_path = tt_model.get_ray_paths(eq_dep,event_dist_deg,phase_list=[phase])
phase_path = ray_theory_path[0]
path_time = phase_path.path['time']
path_dt = np.diff(path_time)
path_depth = phase_path.path['depth']
time_in_core = 0
for p_i in range(0,len(path_dt)):
if path_depth[p_i] >= 2889.0:
time_in_core += path_dt[p_i]
############################################################################################
if debug:
print '_________________________________________________________________________________'
print 'arrivals from taup_get_travel_time for event parameters [depth,delta(deg),phase]:'
print '[{},{},{}]'.format(eq_dep,event_dist_deg,phase),ray_theory_arr
print 'time in core: ', time_in_core
print '_________________________________________________________________________________'
if debug:
print 'distance, phase, raytheory travel time, observed delay:', event_dist_deg,phase,ray_theory_travel_time,delay_time
print 'the travel time observation is ', tobs
#fdelays.write('{}'.format(delay_time)+'\n')
if raytheory:
n_bands = 0
nbt = 0 #spectral band number (must be 0 if ray theory)
window_len = 0
kunit = 0
corcoeft=0
else:
nbt = 1 #spectral band number
#write line 1 (header - doesn't repeat for each spectral band)----------------
f.write('{} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}'.format(idate,
iotime,ievt,kluster,stationcode,netw,gm_component,eq_lat,eq_lon,eq_dep,
station_lats[i],station_lons[i],station_elevation,nobst,nobsa,kpole)+'\n')
#write line 2--------------------------------------------------------------
f.write('{} {} '.format(kunit,rms0))
for j in range(0,n_bands):
f.write('0 ') #used to be 0.0
f.write('\n')
#write line 3---------------------------------------------------------------
if raytheory:
f.write('{}'.format(1)+'\n')
else:
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands)+'\n')
#write line 4---------------------------------------------------------------
#find delays for each band
for j in range(0,n_bands):
ray_theory_travel_time = ray_theory_arr[0].time
delay_time = station_delays_list[j][i]
tobs = ray_theory_travel_time - delay_time
corcoeft = 1.0 # cross correlation coefficient
nbt = j+1
f.write('{} {} {} {} {} {} {}'.format(tobs,t_sig,corcoeft,nbt,window_len,time_in_core,'#tobs,tsig,corcoeft,nbt,window,tincore')+'\n')
#write line 5--------------------------------------------------------------
f.write('{}'.format(0)+'\n') # no amplitude info?
def _metadata_handler(self):
sel_indices = self.index_datasource.metadata.get("selections", [])
if len(sel_indices) != 0:
self.index_datasource.metadata.clear()
# ~ print sel_indices[0]
# ~ print self.entries[sel_indices[0]]
edate, etime, elat, elon, edep, eunit, estatus = self.entries[sel_indices[0]]["summary"].split()
elat = float(elat)
elon = float(elon)
edep = float(edep)
ex, ey = self.toxy(elon, elat)
greats = self.great(elon, elat)
for i, great in enumerate(greats):
lons, lats = great
x, y = self.toxy(lons, lats)
self.plotData.set_data("EQX%i" % i, x)
self.plotData.set_data("EQY%i" % i, y)
self.backImg.plot(("EQX%i" % i, "EQY%i" % i), type="line", color="red", linewidth=5.0)
if len(greats) == 1:
self.plotData.set_data("EQX1", [])
self.plotData.set_data("EQY1", [])
self.backImg.plot(("EQX1", "EQY1"), type="line", color="red", linewidth=5.0)
# lon_ij, lat_ij = [(114 + 14.0/60.0 + 22.19/3600.0) , -( 8.0 + 3.0/60. + 43.92/3600.0)]
lon_ij, lat_ij = [(-46.61), -(23.50)] # Sao Paulo
ijx, ijy = self.toxy(lon_ij, lat_ij)
delta = gps2DistAzimuth(elat, elon, lat_ij, lon_ij)[0]
delta = kilometer2degrees(delta / 1000.0)
tt = getTravelTimes(delta, edep, model="iasp91")
text = "FIRST ARRIVAL\n"
first = tt[0]
text += "%s: %.1f\n" % (first["phase_name"], first["time"])
arriv = datetime.datetime.strptime("%s %s" % (edate, etime), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") + datetime.timedelta(
seconds=int(first["time"])
)
text += "UTC: %s\n" % arriv
text += "WIB: %s" % (arriv + datetime.timedelta(hours=-3))
f = Font(size=16)
del self.backImg.overlays[:]
label1 = DataLabel(
component=self.backImg,
data_point=(ijx, ijy),
label_text=text,
show_label_coords=False,
text_color="red",
font=f,
label_position="bottom right",
border_visible=False,
bgcolor="white",
marker_color="blue",
marker_line_color="transparent",
marker="diamond",
arrow_visible=False,
)
self.backImg.overlays.append(label1)
event = self.entries[sel_indices[0]]["title"] + "\n"
event += "%s %s" % (edate, etime)
label2 = DataLabel(
component=self.backImg,
data_point=(ex, ey),
label_text=event,
show_label_coords=False,
text_color="red",
font=f,
label_position="bottom right",
border_visible=False,
bgcolor="white",
marker_color="blue",
marker_line_color="transparent",
marker="diamond",
arrow_visible=False,
)
self.backImg.overlays.append(label2)
def make_earthquake_list(param_dict,**kwargs):
'''
Generate earthquakes to be used in tomographic inversion. Earthquake locations can
be generated randomly within the distance range (deltamin, deltamax), or alternatively
a ring of earthquakes at a fixed distance from the point (0,0) can be generated.
In the futures, events may be given as an obspy event catalog.
args--------------------------------------------------------------------------
param_dict: parameter dictionary (read from file 'inparam_tomo')
kwargs------------------------------------------------------------------------
nevents: number of earthquakes (only use if geometry is 'random')
deltamin = minimum earthquake distance from (0,0) (only if geometry is 'random')
deltamax = maximum earthquake distance from (0,0) (only if geometry is 'random')
ringdist = distance of ring from (0,0). Can be tuple for multiple rings. (only if geometry is 'ring')
dtheta = spacing between earthquakes in ring, given in degrees. Default = 30.
'''
geometry = param_dict['event_geometry']
nevents = param_dict['nevents']
depth = param_dict['depth']
deltamin = param_dict['deltamin']
deltamax = param_dict['deltamax']
ringdist = param_dict['ringdist']
dtheta = param_dict['dtheta']
lat0 = kwargs.get('lat0',0.0)
lon0 = kwargs.get('lon0',0.0)
eq_list = []
n = 1
if geometry=='random':
while len(eq_list) < nevents:
lon = (2.0*deltamax*np.random.random(1)) - deltamax
lat = (2.0*deltamax*np.random.random(1)) - deltamax
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth(lat,lon,lat0,lon0,a=6371000.0,f=0.0)
dist_km = dist_az[0]/1000.0
dist_deg = kilometer2degrees(dist_km)
if dist_deg >= deltamin and dist_deg <= deltamax:
eq_list.append((n,lon[0],lat[0],depth))
n += 1
elif geometry=='ring':
theta = np.arange(0,360,dtheta)
origin = geopy.Point(0,0)
eq_list = []
if type(ringdist)==int or type(ringdist)==float:
d_km = ringdist * ((6371.0*2*np.pi)/360.0)
for i in range(0,len(theta)):
bearing = theta[i]
destination = VincentyDistance(kilometers=d_km).destination(origin,bearing)
lat = destination[0]
lon = destination[1]
eq_list.append((n,lon,lat,depth))
n += 1
elif type(ringdist==tuple):
for r in ringdist:
d_km = r * ((6371.0*2*np.pi)/360.0)
for i in range(0,len(theta)):
bearing = theta[i]
destination = VincentyDistance(kilometers=d_km).destination(origin,bearing)
lat = destination[0]
lon = destination[1]
eq_list.append((n,lon,lat,depth))
n += 1
np.savetxt('earthquake_list',eq_list,fmt=['%d','%5.5f','%5.5f','%5.5f'])
return eq_list
def processing(self):
from telef import *
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import gps2DistAzimuth, kilometer2degrees
from obspy.taup.taup import getTravelTimes
filename_out, ok = QtGui.QInputDialog.getText(QtGui.QWidget(),"Arquivo de saida", "Entre com o nome: ")
output = open(filename_out,'w')
oheader1 = ['Estacao', 'Dia', 'H.Chegada', 'H. Origem','Latitude', ' Longitude', 'H', ' Mag', 'Tipo','Dist. Az.', 'Residuo','Regiao'.ljust(30)]
oheader2 = [' ',' ', ' hh:mm:ss ','hh:mm:ss ', ' (graus)', ' (graus) ', ' km', ' ',' ',' (graus)', ' (s) ',' ' ]
output.write(self.lines_obsis[0][1:6])
output.write('\n\n\n')
line=oheader1
output.write('%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n'%(line[0],line[1],line[2],line[3],line[4],line[5],line[6],
line[7],line[8],line[9],line[10],line[11]))
line=oheader2
output.write('%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n'%(line[0],line[1],line[2],line[3],line[4],line[5],line[6],
line[7],line[8],line[9],line[10],line[11]))
output.write('\n')
cnt=0; lres=[]; lcnt=[]; elats=[]; elons=[]; emags=[]
stlats=[]; stlons=[]; edeps=[]
lines_usgs = open(self.filename_usgs, 'r').readlines()
for line_obsis in self.lines_obsis[1:]:
hdr_obsis=self.lines_obsis[0]
iOBSIS = getObSis(line_obsis,hdr_obsis)
coords = getCoord(self.filename_coord, iOBSIS[0])
stlats.append(coords[0])
stlons.append(coords[1])
for line in lines_usgs[1:]:
l = line.split(',')
otime = UTCDateTime(l[0])
ootime = l[0]
if otime < iOBSIS[6]:
elat = float(l[1])
elon = float(l[2])
if l[3] == "":
dep = 0.0
else:
dep = float(l[3])
mag = float(l[4])
magType = l[5]
net = l[10]
elats.append(elat)
elons.append(elon)
emags.append(mag)
edeps.append(dep)
place = [l[13],l[14]]
delta = gps2DistAzimuth(elat,elon,coords[0],coords[1])[0]
delta = kilometer2degrees(delta/1000.)
tt = getTravelTimes(delta, dep, model='iasp91')
text = "FIRST ARRIVAL\n"
first = tt[0]
if first['phase_name'] == 'P':
text += "%s: %.1f\n" % (first['phase_name'],first['time'])
arriv = UTCDateTime(otime) + first['time']
res = arriv-iOBSIS[6]
cnt += 1
lcnt.append(cnt)
lres.append(res)
hc=str(iOBSIS[2]).zfill(2)+':'+str(iOBSIS[3]).zfill(2)+':'+str(iOBSIS[4]).zfill(2)
ho=str(otime.time)
delta=str(delta)
res=str(res)
final = [iOBSIS[0],str(iOBSIS[1]).zfill(2),hc,ho[:10].zfill(8),str(elat).zfill(8),str(elon).zfill(9),str(dep).ljust(6),str(mag).ljust(3),str(magType).ljust(3),str(delta)[:5],res[:8].ljust(8),str(place).ljust(50)]
line=final
output.write('%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n'%(line[0],line[1],line[2],line[3],line[4],line[5],line[6],line[7],line[8],line[9],line[10],line[11]))
temp = [elat, elon, mag, str(iOBSIS[0]), coords[0], coords[1]]
break
output.close()
ares = np.array(lres)
acnt = np.array(lcnt)
graphics2.scatter(acnt,ares)
if self.mapfull.checkState() == QtCore.Qt.Checked:
graphics2.plt_map_marble(elats,elons,emags,edeps,stlats,stlons)
else:
graphics2.plt_map(elats,elons,emags,edeps,stlats,stlons)
def processing(self):
from telef import *
from obspy.core.util.geodetics import gps2DistAzimuth, kilometer2degrees
from obspy.taup.taup import getTravelTimes
filename_out, ok = QtGui.QInputDialog.getText(QtGui.QWidget(),
"Arquivo de saida",
"Entre com o nome: ")
output = open(filename_out, 'w')
oheader1 = [
'Estacao', 'Dia', 'H.Chegada', 'H. Origem', 'Latitude',
' Longitude', 'H', ' Mag', 'Tipo', 'Dist. Az.', 'Residuo',
'Regiao'.ljust(30)
]
oheader2 = [
' ', ' ', ' hh:mm:ss ', 'hh:mm:ss ', ' (graus)',
' (graus) ', ' km', ' ', ' ', ' (graus)', ' (s) ',
' '
]
output.write(self.lines_obsis[0][1:6])
output.write('\n\n\n')
line = oheader1
output.write('%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n' %
(line[0], line[1], line[2], line[3], line[4], line[5],
line[6], line[7], line[8], line[9], line[10], line[11]))
line = oheader2
output.write('%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n' %
(line[0], line[1], line[2], line[3], line[4], line[5],
line[6], line[7], line[8], line[9], line[10], line[11]))
output.write('\n')
cnt = 0
lres = []
lcnt = []
elats = []
elons = []
emags = []
stlats = []
stlons = []
edeps = []
lines_usgs = open(self.filename_usgs, 'r').readlines()
for line_obsis in self.lines_obsis[1:]:
hdr_obsis = self.lines_obsis[0]
iOBSIS = getObSis(line_obsis, hdr_obsis)
coords = getCoord(self.filename_coord, iOBSIS[0])
stlats.append(coords[0])
stlons.append(coords[1])
for line in lines_usgs[1:]:
l = line.split(',')
otime = UTCDateTime(l[0])
ootime = l[0]
if otime < iOBSIS[6]:
elat = float(l[1])
elon = float(l[2])
if l[3] == "":
dep = 0.0
else:
dep = float(l[3])
mag = float(l[4])
magType = l[5]
net = l[10]
elats.append(elat)
elons.append(elon)
emags.append(mag)
edeps.append(dep)
place = [l[13], l[14]]
delta = gps2DistAzimuth(elat, elon, coords[0],
coords[1])[0]
delta = kilometer2degrees(delta / 1000.)
tt = getTravelTimes(delta, dep, model='iasp91')
text = "FIRST ARRIVAL\n"
first = tt[0]
if first['phase_name'] == 'P':
text += "%s: %.1f\n" % (first['phase_name'],
first['time'])
arriv = UTCDateTime(otime) + first['time']
res = arriv - iOBSIS[6]
cnt += 1
lcnt.append(cnt)
lres.append(res)
hc = str(iOBSIS[2]).zfill(2) + ':' + str(
iOBSIS[3]).zfill(2) + ':' + str(iOBSIS[4]).zfill(2)
ho = str(otime.time)
delta = str(delta)
res = str(res)
final = [
iOBSIS[0],
str(iOBSIS[1]).zfill(2), hc, ho[:10].zfill(8),
str(elat).zfill(8),
str(elon).zfill(9),
str(dep).ljust(6),
str(mag).ljust(3),
str(magType).ljust(3),
str(delta)[:5], res[:8].ljust(8),
str(place).ljust(50)
]
line = final
output.write(
'%7s %2s %7s %6s %6s %7s %3s %4s %2s %4s %3s %6s\n'
% (line[0], line[1], line[2], line[3], line[4],
line[5], line[6], line[7], line[8], line[9],
line[10], line[11]))
temp = [
elat, elon, mag,
str(iOBSIS[0]), coords[0], coords[1]
]
break
output.close()
ares = np.array(lres)
acnt = np.array(lcnt)
graphics2.scatter(acnt, ares)
if self.mapfull.checkState() == QtCore.Qt.Checked:
graphics2.plt_map_marble(elats, elons, emags, edeps, stlats,
stlons)
else:
graphics2.plt_map(elats, elons, emags, edeps, stlats, stlons)
def write_input(eq_lat,
eq_lon,
eq_dep,
ievt,
stations,
phase,
delays_file,
Tmin,
taup_model,
filename,
raytheory=False,
tt_from_raydata=True,
**kwargs):
'''
write an input file for globalseis finite frequency tomography software.
each earthquake and datatype (P,S,etc...) has it's own input file
args--------------------------------------------------------------------------
eq_lat: earthquake latitude (deg)
eq_lon: earthquake longitude (deg)
eq_dep: earthquake depth (km)
stations: stations array (lons,lats)
delays_file: h5py datafile containing cross correlation delay times
Tmin: minimum period at which cross correlation measurements were made
taup_model: name of TauPyModel used to calculate 1D travel times
filename:
raytheory: True or False
tt_from_raydata: If True, writes cross correlation times to 'xcor*', which
will then be added to 1D travel times from raydata
kwargs------------------------------------------------------------------------
plot_figure: plot a figure showing source receiver geometry and delay map
t_sig: estimated standard error in cross correlation measurement.
add_noise: add gaussian noise to traveltime measurements of magnitude t_sig
fake_SKS_header: test the SKS header
'''
#define variables used in finite frequency tomography (kwargs)----------------
idate = kwargs.get(
'idate', '15001') #event date YYDDD where DDD is between 1 and 365
iotime = kwargs.get('iotime', '010101') #vent origin time (HHMMSS)
kluster = kwargs.get('kluster', '0') #0 if no clustering used
stationcode = kwargs.get('stationcode',
'XXXX') #station code (no more than 16 chars)
netw = kwargs.get('netw', 'PLUMENET ') #network code
nobst = kwargs.get('nobst', '1') #number of travel time measurements
nobsa = kwargs.get('nobsa', '0') #number of amplitude measurements
kpole = kwargs.get('kpole',
'0') #number of polar crossings (0 for P and S)
sampling_rate = kwargs.get('sampling_rate', 20.0)
n_bands = kwargs.get('n_bands',
1) # spectral bands used (TODO setup more than one)
kunit = kwargs.get('kunit', 1) #unit of noise (1 = nm)
rms0 = kwargs.get('rms0', 0) #don't know what this is
plot_figure = kwargs.get('plot_figure', False)
dist_min = kwargs.get('dist_min', 30.0)
dist_max = kwargs.get('dist_max', 90.0)
t_sig = kwargs.get('t_sig', 0.0)
add_noise = kwargs.get('add_noise', False)
fake_SKS_header = kwargs.get('fake_SKS_header', False)
ievt = int(
ievt
) #double check ievt is an integer (in case it was read from a file)
debug = False
#create taup model------------------------------------------------------------
tt_model = TauPyModel(taup_model)
#get filter parameters--------------------------------------------------------
print 'Tmin = ', Tmin
filter_type, freqmin, freqmax, window = get_filter_params(
delays_file, phase, Tmin)
omega, amp = get_filter_freqs(filter_type, freqmin, freqmax, sampling_rate)
window_len = window[1] - window[0]
#write header-----------------------------------------------------------------
f = open(filename, 'w')
f.write('{}'.format(filename) + '\n')
f.write('{}'.format('None' + '\n'))
fdelays = open('xcor_{}'.format(filename), 'w')
#ray information--------------------------------------------------------------
if phase == 'P':
gm_component = 'BHZ ' #ground motion component
f.write('P' + '\n')
f.write('P' + '\n')
f.write('6371 1 1' + '\n')
f.write('3482 2 1' + '\n')
f.write('6371 5 0' + '\n')
elif phase == 'S' and fake_SKS_header == False:
gm_component = 'BHT ' #ground motion component
f.write('S' + '\n')
f.write('S' + '\n')
f.write('6371 1 2' + '\n')
f.write('3482 2 2' + '\n')
f.write('6371 5 0' + '\n')
elif phase == 'SKS' or fake_SKS_header == True:
gm_component = 'BHR ' #ground motion component
f.write('SKS' + '\n')
f.write('SKS' + '\n')
f.write('6371 1 2' + '\n')
f.write('3482 4 1' + '\n')
f.write('1217.1 2 1' + '\n')
f.write('3482 4 2' + '\n')
f.write('6371 5 0' + '\n')
#this is hardwired for now (based on range of rays found with ray tracing software)
#TODO make distance range more adaptable
if phase == 'P':
dist_min = 30.0
#dist_max = 98.3859100
dist_max = 97.0
elif phase == 'S':
dist_min = 30.0
#dist_max = 99.0557175
dist_max = 97.0
elif phase == 'SKS':
#dist_min = 66.0320663
#dist_max = 144.349365
dist_min = 68.0
dist_max = 142.0
#write spectral band information-----------------------------------------------
if raytheory:
n_bands = 0
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands) + '\n')
else:
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands) + '\n')
f.write('{}'.format(len(omega)) + '\n')
for i in range(0, len(omega)):
f.write('{} {}'.format(omega[i], amp[i]) + '\n')
#event delay map--------------------------------------------------------------
#lats_i = np.arange(-30.0,30.0,0.1)
#lons_i = np.arange(-30.0,30.0,0.1)
lats_i = np.arange(-45.0, 45.0, 0.1)
lons_i = np.arange(-45.0, 45.0, 0.1)
if plot_figure:
event_map, figure_axis = make_event_delay_map(eq_lat,
eq_lon,
phase,
delays_file,
Tmin,
lats_i=lats_i,
lons_i=lons_i,
plot=True,
return_axis=False,
nevent=ievt)
else:
if debug:
print 'func:write_input- making event delay map for', phase
#print 'eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,Tmin lats_i,lons_i',eq_lat,eq_lon,phase,Tmin,lats_i,lons_i
event_map = make_event_delay_map(eq_lat,
eq_lon,
phase,
delays_file,
Tmin,
lats_i=lats_i,
lons_i=lons_i,
return_axis=False,
plot=True,
nevent=ievt)
#find delays at stations------------------------------------------------------
if plot_figure:
station_delays = get_station_delays(event_map,
stations,
lats_i,
lons_i,
pass_figure_axis=True,
figure_axis=figure_axis)
else:
station_delays = get_station_delays(event_map, stations, lats_i,
lons_i)
#add noise (optional)---------------------------------------------------------
if t_sig != 0:
noise = np.random.normal(0, t_sig, len(station_delays))
if add_noise:
station_delays += noise
station_lons = stations[0, :]
station_lats = stations[1, :]
n_stations = len(station_lats)
station_elevation = 0.0
for i in range(0, n_stations):
dist_deg, rotation_angle = get_event_params(eq_lat, eq_lon)
#find event distance
event_distaz = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lat,
eq_lon,
station_lats[i],
station_lons[i],
a=6371000.0,
f=0.0)
event_dist_deg = kilometer2degrees((event_distaz[0] / 1000.0))
#skip station if too close or too far from source
if event_dist_deg <= dist_min or event_dist_deg >= dist_max:
continue
#get ray theoretical travel time
#if phase == 'S':
# phase_list = ['s','S','Sdiff']
#elif phase == 'P':
# phase_list = ['p','P','Pdiff']
ray_theory_arr = tt_model.get_travel_times(eq_dep,
event_dist_deg,
phase_list=[phase])
if debug:
print '_________________________________________________________________________________'
print 'arrivals from taup_get_travel_time for event parameters [depth,delta(deg),phase]:'
print '[{},{},{}]'.format(eq_dep, event_dist_deg,
phase), ray_theory_arr
print '_________________________________________________________________________________'
ray_theory_travel_time = ray_theory_arr[0].time
delay_time = station_delays[i]
tobs = ray_theory_travel_time - delay_time
if debug:
print 'distance, phase, raytheory travel time, observed delay:', event_dist_deg, phase, ray_theory_travel_time, delay_time
print 'the travel time observation is ', tobs
fdelays.write('{}'.format(delay_time) + '\n')
if raytheory:
n_bands = 0
nbt = 0 #spectral band number (must be 0 if ray theory)
window_len = 0
kunit = 0
corcoeft = 0
else:
nbt = 1 #spectral band number
#write line 1--------------------------------------------------------------
f.write('{} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}'.format(
idate, iotime, ievt, kluster, stationcode, netw, gm_component,
eq_lat, eq_lon, eq_dep, station_lats[i], station_lons[i],
station_elevation, nobst, nobsa, kpole) + '\n')
#write line 2--------------------------------------------------------------
f.write('{} {} '.format(kunit, rms0))
for j in range(0, n_bands + 1):
f.write('0') #used to be 0.0
f.write('\n')
#write line 3---------------------------------------------------------------
if raytheory:
f.write('{}'.format(1) + '\n')
else:
f.write('{}'.format(n_bands) + '\n')
#write line 4---------------------------------------------------------------
corcoeft = 1.0 # cross correlation coefficient
f.write(
'{} {} {} {} {} {}'.format(tobs, t_sig, corcoeft, nbt, window_len,
'#tobs,tsig,corcoeft,nbt,window') +
'\n')
#write line 5--------------------------------------------------------------
f.write('{}'.format(0) + '\n')
ff_tomo.plot_geo_config(stations=stations, events=events)
#write input files---------------------------------------------------------------
ievt = 1 #event number
nP = 0 #number of P observations
nS = 0 #number of S observations
nSKS = 0 #number of SKS observations
for event in events:
ievt = event[0]
eq_lon = event[1]
eq_lat = event[2]
eq_dep = event[3]
dist_az = gps2dist_azimuth(eq_lat, eq_lon, 0, 0, a=6371000.0, f=0.0)
event_dist_deg = kilometer2degrees((dist_az[0] / 1000.0))
for phase in param_dict['phases_list']:
if phase == 'SKS':
if event_dist_deg < 70.0 or event_dist_deg > 120.0:
print 'skipping event for phase SKS at distance', event_dist_deg
continue
else:
nSKS += 1
filename = '{}_{}'.format(param_dict['run_name'] + '.SKS',
nSKS)
elif phase == 'S':
if event_dist_deg < 30.0 or event_dist_deg > 90.0:
print 'skipping event for phase ', phase, 'at distance', event_dist_deg
continue
def rfstats(stats=None, event=None, station=None, stream=None,
phase='P', dist_range=None, tt_model='iasp91',
pp_depth=None, pp_phase=None, model='iasp91'):
"""
Calculate ray specific values like slowness for given event and station.
:param stats: stats object with event and/or station attributes. Can be
None if both event and station are given.
:param event: ObsPy :class:`~obspy.core.event.Event` object
:param station: station object with attributes latitude, longitude and
elevation
:param stream: If a stream is given, stats has to be None. In this case
rfstats will be called for every stats object in the stream.
:param phase: string with phase. Usually this will be 'P' or
'S' for P and S receiver functions, respectively.
:type dist_range: tuple of length 2
:param dist_range: if epicentral of event is not in this intervall, None
is returned by this function,\n
if phase == 'P' defaults to (30, 90),\n
if phase == 'S' defaults to (50, 85)
:param tt_model: model for travel time calculation.
(see the :mod:`obspy.taup` module, default: iasp91)
:param pp_depth: Depth for piercing point calculation
(in km, default: None -> No calculation)
:param pp_phase: Phase for pp calculation (default: 'S' for P-receiver
function and 'P' for S-receiver function)
:param model': Path to model file for pp calculation
(see :class:`~rf.simple_model.SimpleModel`, default: iasp91)
:return: ``stats`` object with event and station attributes, distance,
back_azimuth, inclination, onset and slowness or None if epicentral
distance is not in the given intervall
"""
if stream is not None:
assert stats is None
kwargs = {'event': event, 'station': station, 'stream':None,
'phase': phase, 'dist_range': dist_range,
'tt_model':tt_model, 'pp_depth': pp_depth,
'pp_phase': pp_phase, 'model': model}
for tr in stream:
rfstats(stats=tr.stats, **kwargs)
return
phase = phase.upper()
if dist_range is None and phase in 'PS':
dist_range = (30, 90) if phase == 'P' else (50, 85)
if stats is None:
stats = AttribDict({})
if event is not None and station is not None:
stats.update(obj2stats(event=event, station=station))
dist, baz, _ = gps2DistAzimuth(stats.station_latitude,
stats.station_longitude,
stats.event_latitude,
stats.event_longitude)
dist = kilometer2degrees(dist / 1000)
if dist_range and not dist_range[0] <= dist <= dist_range[1]:
return
tt_model = TauPyModel(model=tt_model)
arrivals = tt_model.get_travel_times(stats.event_depth, dist, (phase,))
if len(arrivals) == 0:
raise Exception('TauPy does not return phase %s at distance %s' %
(phase, dist))
if len(arrivals) > 1:
from warnings import warn
msg = ('TauPy returns more than one arrival for phase %s at '
'distance -> take first arrival' )
warn(msg % (phase, dist))
arrival = arrivals[0]
onset = stats.event_time + arrival.time
inc = arrival.incident_angle
slowness = arrival.ray_param_sec_degree
stats.update({'distance': dist, 'back_azimuth': baz, 'inclination': inc,
'onset': onset, 'slowness': slowness})
if pp_depth is not None:
model = load_model(model)
if pp_phase is None:
pp_phase = 'S' if phase.upper().endswith('P') else 'P'
model.ppoint(stats, pp_depth, phase=pp_phase)
return stats