def test_process_with_no_buffer(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ,
bufsize=0)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual('write3', list(reply.keys())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code = w.exit_code['write3']
self.assertEqual(0, len(out))
self.assertEqual(0, len(err))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close))
self.assertEqual('write3', close[0].name)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_echo_server_with_echo_client(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
reply = p.make_socket('echo_socket')
self.assertIn('port', reply)
self.assertIn('fileno', reply)
reply = p.make_process('echo.server',
sys.executable,
args=('executables/echo_server.py',
'$(socket.echo_socket.fileno)'),
working_dir=here)
self.assertIn('pid', reply)
reply = p.make_process('echo.client',
sys.executable,
args=('executables/echo_client.py',
'$(socket.echo_socket.port)'),
working_dir=here)
self.assertIn('pid', reply)
with p.watch_processes('echo.*') as w:
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
self.assertEqual(2, len(out))
self.assertEqual(2, len(close))
self.assertEqual(b'howdy\n', out[0].data)
self.assertEqual(b'howdy\n', out[1].data)
self.assertIn(out[0].name, ('echo.client', 'echo.server'))
self.assertIn(out[1].name, ('echo.client', 'echo.server'))
self.assertNotEqual(out[0].name, out[1].name)
def test_echo_server_with_reuseport(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
reply = p.make_socket('echo_socket', reuseport=True)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
port = reply['port']
reply = p.make_process('echo1',
sys.executable,
args=('executables/echo_server.py',
'$(socket.echo_socket.fileno)'),
working_dir=here)
self.assertIn('pid', reply)
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', port))
s.send(b'test\n')
msg = b''
while len(msg) < 5:
msg += s.recv(5)
self.assertEqual(b'test\n', msg)
s.send(b'and do some more\n')
msg = b''
while len(msg) < 17:
msg += s.recv(17)
self.assertEqual(b'and do some more\n', msg)
s.close()
with p.watch_processes('echo*') as w:
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
self.assertEqual(b'test\nand do some more\n', out[0].data)
def test_bad_working_dir(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertRaises(papa.Error,
p.make_process,
'bad',
sys.executable,
working_dir=here + '-blah')
def test_inet_interface(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
expected = {
'type': 'stream',
'interface': 'eth0',
'family': 'inet',
'backlog': 5,
'host': '0.0.0.0'
}
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_sockets())
reply = p.make_socket('interface_socket', interface='eth0')
self.assertIn('port', reply)
self.assertIn('fileno', reply)
expected['port'] = reply['port']
expected['fileno'] = reply['fileno']
self.assertDictEqual(expected, reply)
self.assertDictEqual({'interface_socket': expected},
p.list_sockets())
p.remove_sockets('interface_socket')
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_sockets())
reply = p.make_socket('interface_socket',
interface='eth0',
port=expected['port'])
self.assertDictEqual(expected, reply)
self.assertDictEqual({'interface_socket': expected},
p.list_sockets())
def test_already_exists(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
reply = p.make_socket('exists_sock')
self.assertDictEqual(reply, p.make_socket('exists_sock'))
self.assertRaises(papa.Error,
p.make_socket,
'exists_sock',
family=socket.AF_INET6)
def test_two_list_processes_full_output(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3.0',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply2 = p.make_process('write3.1',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply2)
self.assertIsInstance(reply2['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(2, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['write3.0', 'write3.1'], sorted(reply.keys()))
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[1])
self.assertNotEqual(
list(reply.values())[0]['pid'],
list(reply.values())[1]['pid'])
with p.watch_processes('write3.*') as w:
select.select([w], [], [])
self.assertTrue(w.ready)
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code0 = w.exit_code['write3.0']
exit_code1 = w.exit_code['write3.1']
self.assertEqual(6, len(out))
self.assertEqual(2, len(err))
self.assertEqual(2, len(close))
self.assertEqual(
3, len([item for item in out if item.name == 'write3.0']))
self.assertEqual(
3, len([item for item in out if item.name == 'write3.1']))
self.assertEqual(
1, len([item for item in err if item.name == 'write3.0']))
self.assertEqual(
1, len([item for item in err if item.name == 'write3.1']))
self.assertEqual(
1, len([item for item in close if item.name == 'write3.0']))
self.assertEqual(
1, len([item for item in close if item.name == 'write3.1']))
self.assertEqual(b'done', err[0].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err[1].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code0)
self.assertEqual(0, close[1].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code1)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def tearDown():
# There seems to some issue with context cleanup and Python >= 3.4
# making the tests hang at the end
# Explicitly destroying the context seems to do the trick
# cf https://github.com/zeromq/pyzmq/pull/513
zmq.Context.instance().destroy()
with papa.Papa() as p:
p.exit_if_idle()
def test_bad_socket_reference(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertRaises(papa.Error,
p.make_process,
'bad',
sys.executable,
args=('executables/echo_server.py',
'$(socket.echo_socket.fileno)'),
working_dir=here)
def test_process_with_none_executable(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process(
'write3',
None,
args=[sys.executable, 'executables/write_three_lines.py'],
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual('write3', list(reply.keys())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
reply2 = p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertEqual(reply1['pid'], reply2['pid'])
self.assertRaises(papa.Error, p.watch_processes, 'not_there')
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
select.select([w], [], [])
self.assertTrue(w.ready)
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code = w.exit_code['write3']
self.assertEqual(3, len(out))
self.assertEqual(1, len(err))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close))
self.assertEqual('write3', out[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[1].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[2].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', err[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', close[0].name)
self.assertLess(out[0].timestamp, out[1].timestamp)
self.assertLess(out[1].timestamp, out[2].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[2].timestamp, err[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[2].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(err[0].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(
b'Version: ' + cast_bytes(sys.version.partition(' ')[0]) +
b'\n', out[0].data)
self.assertEqual(
b'Executable: ' + cast_bytes(sys.executable) + b'\n',
out[1].data)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \n', out[2].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_wildcard(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
expected = {
'type': 'stream',
'family': 'inet',
'backlog': 5,
'host': '127.0.0.1'
}
reply = p.make_socket('inet.0')
self.check_subset(expected, reply)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
reply = p.make_socket('inet.1')
self.check_subset(expected, reply)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
reply = p.make_socket('other')
self.check_subset(expected, reply)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
reply = p.list_sockets('inet.*')
self.assertEqual(2, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['inet.0', 'inet.1'], sorted(reply.keys()))
reply = p.list_sockets('other')
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['other'], list(reply.keys()))
reply = p.list_sockets('not_there')
self.assertEqual({}, reply)
reply = p.list_sockets('other', 'inet.1')
self.assertEqual(2, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['inet.1', 'other'], sorted(reply.keys()))
reply = p.list_sockets('other', 'inet*')
self.assertEqual(3, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['inet.0', 'inet.1', 'other'],
sorted(reply.keys()))
reply = p.list_sockets('*')
self.assertEqual(3, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['inet.0', 'inet.1', 'other'],
sorted(reply.keys()))
reply = p.list_sockets()
self.assertEqual(3, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['inet.0', 'inet.1', 'other'],
sorted(reply.keys()))
def test_inet(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
expected = {
'type': 'stream',
'family': 'inet',
'backlog': 5,
'host': '127.0.0.1'
}
reply = p.make_socket('inet_sock')
self.check_subset(expected, reply)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
p.remove_sockets('inet_sock')
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_sockets())
reply = p.make_socket('inet_sock', reuseport=True)
self.check_subset(expected, reply)
self.assertIn('port', reply)
def test_file_socket(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
path = os.path.join(gettempdir(), 'tst.sock')
expected = {
'path': path,
'backlog': 5,
'type': 'stream',
'family': 'unix'
}
reply = p.make_socket('fsock', path=path)
self.assertIn('fileno', reply)
expected['fileno'] = reply['fileno']
self.assertDictEqual(expected, reply)
self.assertDictEqual({'fsock': expected}, p.list_sockets())
self.assertRaises(papa.Error, p.make_socket, 'fsock', path='path')
def test_two_list_processes_wait_for_one_to_close(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
f = p.fileno()
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3.0',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
sleep(.2)
reply2 = p.make_process('write3.1',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply2)
self.assertIsInstance(reply2['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(2, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['write3.0', 'write3.1'], sorted(reply.keys()))
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[1])
self.assertNotEqual(
list(reply.values())[0]['pid'],
list(reply.values())[1]['pid'])
with p.watch_processes('write3.*') as w:
while True:
out, err, close = w.read()
if close:
break
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual('write3.1', list(reply.keys())[0])
self.assertEqual(f, p.fileno())
def test_process_with_err_redirected_to_out(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ,
stderr=papa.STDOUT)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual('write3', list(reply.keys())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code = w.exit_code['write3']
self.assertEqual(3, len(out))
self.assertEqual(0, len(err))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close))
self.assertEqual('write3', out[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[1].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[2].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', close[0].name)
self.assertLess(out[0].timestamp, out[1].timestamp)
self.assertLess(out[1].timestamp, out[2].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[2].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(
b'Version: ' + cast_bytes(sys.version.partition(' ')[0]) +
b'\n', out[0].data)
self.assertEqual(
b'Executable: ' + cast_bytes(sys.executable) + b'\n',
out[1].data)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \ndone', out[2].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_one_process_two_serial_watchers(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply = p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply)
self.assertIn('running', reply)
self.assertIsInstance(reply['pid'], int)
self.assertIsInstance(reply['running'], bool)
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
out1, err1, close1 = w.read()
if isdebugging and not out1 and err1 and err1[
0].data.startswith('pydev debugger'):
out1, err1, close1 = w.read()
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
out2, err2, close2 = self.gather_output(w)
self.assertLess(out1[0].timestamp, out2[0].timestamp)
def test_process_with_close_output_early(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
socket_reply = p.make_socket('echo_socket')
p.make_process('echo',
sys.executable,
args=('executables/echo_server.py',
'$(socket.echo_socket.fileno)'),
working_dir=here)
p.remove_processes('echo')
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', socket_reply['port']))
s.send(b'test\n')
msg = b''
while len(msg) < 5:
msg += s.recv(5)
self.assertEqual(b'test\n', msg)
s.close()
sleep(.4)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_process_with_small_buffer(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ,
bufsize=14)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(1, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual('write3', list(reply.keys())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
sleep(.7)
with p.watch_processes('write*') as w:
select.select([w], [], [])
self.assertTrue(w.ready)
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code = w.exit_code['write3']
self.assertEqual(1, len(out))
self.assertEqual(1, len(err))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close))
self.assertEqual('write3', out[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', err[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', close[0].name)
self.assertLessEqual(out[0].timestamp, err[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[0].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(err[0].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \n', out[0].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_process_with_watch_immediately(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
with p.make_process('write3',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ,
watch_immediately=True) as w:
out, err, close = self.gather_output(w)
exit_code = w.exit_code['write3']
self.assertEqual(3, len(out))
self.assertEqual(1, len(err))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close))
self.assertEqual('write3', out[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[1].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', out[2].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', err[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3', close[0].name)
self.assertLess(out[0].timestamp, out[1].timestamp)
self.assertLess(out[1].timestamp, out[2].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[2].timestamp, err[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out[2].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(err[0].timestamp, close[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(
b'Version: ' + cast_bytes(sys.version.partition(' ')[0]) +
b'\n', out[0].data)
self.assertEqual(
b'Executable: ' + cast_bytes(sys.executable) + b'\n',
out[1].data)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \n', out[2].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, exit_code)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
def test_multiple_watchers(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
f = p.fileno()
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
reply1 = p.make_process('write3.0',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply1)
self.assertIsInstance(reply1['pid'], int)
reply2 = p.make_process('write3.1',
sys.executable,
args='executables/write_three_lines.py',
working_dir=here,
uid=os.environ['LOGNAME'],
env=os.environ)
self.assertIn('pid', reply2)
self.assertIsInstance(reply2['pid'], int)
reply = p.list_processes()
self.assertEqual(2, len(list(reply.keys())))
self.assertEqual(['write3.0', 'write3.1'], sorted(reply.keys()))
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[0])
self.assertIn('pid', list(reply.values())[1])
self.assertNotEqual(
list(reply.values())[0]['pid'],
list(reply.values())[1]['pid'])
w1 = p.watch_processes('write3.0')
self.assertEqual(f, w1.fileno())
w2 = p.watch_processes('write3.1')
self.assertNotEqual(f, w2.fileno())
p.set('p1', 't1')
self.assertNotEqual(f, p.fileno())
self.assertNotEqual(p.fileno(), w1.fileno())
self.assertNotEqual(p.fileno(), w2.fileno())
out1, err1, close1 = self.gather_output(w1)
out2, err2, close2 = self.gather_output(w2)
w1.close()
w2.close()
self.assertEqual(3, len(out1))
self.assertEqual(1, len(err1))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close1))
self.assertEqual('write3.0', out1[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.0', out1[1].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.0', out1[2].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.0', err1[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.0', close1[0].name)
self.assertLess(out1[0].timestamp, out1[1].timestamp)
self.assertLess(out1[1].timestamp, out1[2].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out1[2].timestamp, err1[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out1[2].timestamp, close1[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(err1[0].timestamp, close1[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(
b'Version: ' + cast_bytes(sys.version.partition(' ')[0]) +
b'\n', out1[0].data)
self.assertEqual(
b'Executable: ' + cast_bytes(sys.executable) + b'\n',
out1[1].data)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \n', out1[2].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err1[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close1[0].data)
self.assertEqual(3, len(out2))
self.assertEqual(1, len(err2))
self.assertEqual(1, len(close2))
self.assertEqual('write3.1', out2[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.1', out2[1].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.1', out2[2].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.1', err2[0].name)
self.assertEqual('write3.1', close2[0].name)
self.assertLess(out2[0].timestamp, out2[1].timestamp)
self.assertLess(out2[1].timestamp, out2[2].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out2[2].timestamp, err2[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(out2[2].timestamp, close2[0].timestamp)
self.assertLessEqual(err2[0].timestamp, close2[0].timestamp)
self.assertEqual(
b'Version: ' + cast_bytes(sys.version.partition(' ')[0]) +
b'\n', out2[0].data)
self.assertEqual(
b'Executable: ' + cast_bytes(sys.executable) + b'\n',
out2[1].data)
self.assertEqual(b'Args: \n', out2[2].data)
self.assertEqual(b'done', err2[0].data)
self.assertEqual(0, close2[0].data)
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_processes())
self.assertEqual('t1', p.get('p1'))
def test_value(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertEqual(None, p.get('aack'))
self.assertDictEqual({}, p.list_values())
p.set('aack', 'bar')
self.assertEqual('bar', p.get('aack'))
self.assertDictEqual({'aack': 'bar'}, p.list_values())
p.set('aack2', 'barry')
self.assertEqual('barry', p.get('aack2'))
self.assertDictEqual({
'aack': 'bar',
'aack2': 'barry'
}, p.list_values())
p.set('aack3', 'larry')
self.assertEqual('larry', p.get('aack3'))
self.assertDictEqual(
{
'aack': 'bar',
'aack2': 'barry',
'aack3': 'larry'
}, p.list_values())
p.set('bar', 'aack')
self.assertEqual('aack', p.get('bar'))
self.assertDictEqual(
{
'aack': 'bar',
'aack2': 'barry',
'aack3': 'larry',
'bar': 'aack'
}, p.list_values())
self.assertDictEqual(
{
'aack': 'bar',
'aack2': 'barry',
'aack3': 'larry',
'bar': 'aack'
}, p.list_values('*'))
self.assertDictEqual(
{
'aack': 'bar',
'aack2': 'barry',
'aack3': 'larry'
}, p.list_values('aack*'))
self.assertDictEqual({'bar': 'aack'}, p.list_values('b*'))
self.assertDictEqual({
'aack2': 'barry',
'bar': 'aack'
}, p.list_values('aack2', 'b*'))
p.set('aack')
self.assertEqual(None, p.get('aack'))
self.assertDictEqual({
'aack2': 'barry',
'aack3': 'larry'
}, p.list_values('a*'))
p.remove_values('aack*')
self.assertDictEqual({'bar': 'aack'}, p.list_values())
def test_wildcard_clear(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertRaises(papa.Error, p.remove_values)
self.assertRaises(papa.Error, p.remove_values, '*')
def test_bad_process(self):
with papa.Papa() as p:
self.assertRaises(papa.Error, p.make_process, 'bad',
sys.executable + '-blah')
