def qfunc(a, b, c, angles):
qml.RX(a, wires=0)
qml.RX(b, wires=1)
qml.PauliZ(1)
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv()
qml.CRY(b, wires=[3, 1])
qml.RX(angles[0], wires=0)
qml.RX(4 * angles[1], wires=1)
qml.PhaseShift(17 / 9 * c, wires=2)
qml.RZ(b, wires=3)
qml.RX(angles[2], wires=2).inv()
qml.CRY(0.3589, wires=[3, 1]).inv()
qml.CSWAP(wires=[4, 2, 1]).inv()
qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[2])
qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(np.eye(2), control_wires=[0, 1], wires=[2])
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[0, 1, 2], wires=[3])
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 2])
qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])
qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]).inv()
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 2]).inv()
qml.CNOT(wires=[2, 1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 2])
qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 2]).inv()
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 3])
qml.RZ(b, wires=3)
qml.CSWAP(wires=[4, 0, 1])
return [
qml.expval(qml.PauliY(0)),
qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=1)),
qml.sample(qml.PauliX(2)),
qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[3, 4])),
]
def test_decomposition_with_custom_wire_labels(self, mocker):
"""Test that the decomposed MultiControlledX gate performs the same unitary as the
matrix-based version by checking if U^dagger U applies the identity to each basis
state. This test focuses on using custom wire labels."""
n_ctrl_wires = 4
control_wires = [-1, "alice", 42, 3.14]
target_wire = ["bob"]
work_wires = ["charlie"]
all_wires = control_wires + target_wire + work_wires
spy = mocker.spy(qml.MultiControlledX, "decomposition")
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=all_wires)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire,
work_wires=work_wires)
tape = tape.expand(depth=2)
assert all(not isinstance(op, qml.MultiControlledX)
for op in tape.operations)
@qml.qnode(dev)
def f(bitstring):
qml.BasisState(bitstring, wires=control_wires + target_wire)
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.probs(wires=control_wires + target_wire)
u = np.array([
f(b) for b in itertools.product(range(2), repeat=n_ctrl_wires + 1)
]).T
spy.assert_called()
assert np.allclose(u, np.eye(2**(n_ctrl_wires + 1)))
def f():
qml.QubitStateVector(rnd_state, wires=range(n_all_wires))
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.state()
def f(bitstring):
qml.BasisState(bitstring, wires=control_wires + target_wire)
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.probs(wires=control_wires + target_wire)
def test_worker_state_unperturbed(self, mocker):
"""Test that the state of the worker wires is unperturbed after the decomposition has used
them. To do this, a random state over all the qubits (control, target and workers) is
loaded and U^dagger U(decomposed) is applied. If the workers are uncomputed, the output
state will be the same as the input."""
control_wires = range(4)
target_wire = 4
worker_wires = [5, 6]
n_all_wires = 7
rnd_state = unitary_group.rvs(2**n_all_wires, random_state=1)[0]
spy = mocker.spy(qml.MultiControlledX, "decomposition")
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=n_all_wires)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire,
work_wires=worker_wires)
tape = tape.expand(depth=1)
assert all(not isinstance(op, qml.MultiControlledX)
for op in tape.operations)
@qml.qnode(dev)
def f():
qml.QubitStateVector(rnd_state, wires=range(n_all_wires))
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.state()
assert np.allclose(f(), rnd_state)
spy.assert_called()
def test_decomposition_with_flips(self, n_ctrl_wires, control_val, mocker):
"""Test that the decomposed MultiControlledX gate performs the same unitary as the
matrix-based version by checking if U^dagger U applies the identity to each basis
state. This test focuses on varying the control values."""
control_values = control_val * n_ctrl_wires
control_wires = range(n_ctrl_wires)
target_wire = n_ctrl_wires
work_wires = range(n_ctrl_wires + 1, 2 * n_ctrl_wires + 1)
spy = mocker.spy(qml.MultiControlledX, "decomposition")
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=2 * n_ctrl_wires + 1)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.MultiControlledX(
control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire,
work_wires=work_wires,
control_values=control_values,
)
tape = tape.expand(depth=1)
assert all(not isinstance(op, qml.MultiControlledX) for op in tape.operations)
@qml.qnode(dev)
def f(bitstring):
qml.BasisState(bitstring, wires=range(n_ctrl_wires + 1))
qml.MultiControlledX(
control_wires=control_wires, wires=target_wire, control_values=control_values
).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.probs(wires=range(n_ctrl_wires + 1))
u = np.array([f(b) for b in itertools.product(range(2), repeat=n_ctrl_wires + 1)]).T
spy.assert_called()
assert np.allclose(u, np.eye(2 ** (n_ctrl_wires + 1)))
def f(bitstring):
qml.BasisState(bitstring, wires=range(n_ctrl_wires + 1))
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wire,
control_values=control_values).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.probs(wires=range(n_ctrl_wires + 1))
def circuit_mpmct():
qml.templates.ArbitraryStatePreparation(control_state_weights, wires=control_wires)
qml.templates.ArbitraryStatePreparation(target_state_weights, wires=target_wires)
qml.MultiControlledX(
control_wires=control_wires, wires=target_wires, control_values=control_values
)
return qml.state()
def circ():
for wire in wires:
qml.Hadamard(wire)
for _ in range(5):
qml.Hadamard(wires[0])
qml.MultiControlledX(wires=wires[0], control_wires=wires[1:])
qml.Hadamard(wires[0])
qml.templates.GroverOperator(wires=wires)
return qml.probs(wires=wires)
def test_invalid_mixed_polarity_controls(self, control_wires, wires,
control_values,
expected_error_message):
"""Test if MultiControlledX properly handles invalid mixed-polarity
control values."""
target_wires = Wires(wires)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=expected_error_message):
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires,
wires=target_wires,
control_values=control_values)
def test_not_unique_wires(self):
"""Test that a ValueError is raised when work_wires is not complementary to control_wires"""
control_wires = range(3)
target_wire = 4
work_wires = range(2)
with pytest.raises(
ValueError, match="The work wires must be different from the control and target wires"
):
qml.MultiControlledX(
control_wires=control_wires, wires=target_wire, work_wires=work_wires
)
def test_not_enough_workers(self):
"""Test that a ValueError is raised when more than 2 control wires are to be decomposed with
no work wires supplied"""
control_wires = range(3)
target_wire = 4
op = qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=control_wires, wires=target_wire)
match = (
f"At least one work wire is required to decompose operation: {re.escape(op.__repr__())}"
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=match):
op.decompose()
def op(op_name):
ops_list = {
"RX": qml.RX(0.123, wires=0),
"RY": qml.RY(1.434, wires=0),
"RZ": qml.RZ(2.774, wires=0),
"S": qml.S(wires=0),
"SX": qml.SX(wires=0),
"T": qml.T(wires=0),
"CNOT": qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
"CZ": qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]),
"CY": qml.CY(wires=[0, 1]),
"SWAP": qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"ISWAP": qml.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"SISWAP": qml.SISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"SQISW": qml.SQISW(wires=[0, 1]),
"CSWAP": qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"PauliRot": qml.PauliRot(0.123, "Y", wires=0),
"IsingXX": qml.IsingXX(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingXY": qml.IsingXY(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingYY": qml.IsingYY(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingZZ": qml.IsingZZ(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"Identity": qml.Identity(wires=0),
"Rot": qml.Rot(0.123, 0.456, 0.789, wires=0),
"Toffoli": qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"PhaseShift": qml.PhaseShift(2.133, wires=0),
"ControlledPhaseShift": qml.ControlledPhaseShift(1.777, wires=[0, 2]),
"CPhase": qml.CPhase(1.777, wires=[0, 2]),
"MultiRZ": qml.MultiRZ(0.112, wires=[1, 2, 3]),
"CRX": qml.CRX(0.836, wires=[2, 3]),
"CRY": qml.CRY(0.721, wires=[2, 3]),
"CRZ": qml.CRZ(0.554, wires=[2, 3]),
"Hadamard": qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
"PauliX": qml.PauliX(wires=0),
"PauliY": qml.PauliY(wires=0),
"PauliZ": qml.PauliZ(wires=0),
"CRot": qml.CRot(0.123, 0.456, 0.789, wires=[0, 1]),
"DiagonalQubitUnitary": qml.DiagonalQubitUnitary(np.array([1.0, 1.0j]), wires=1),
"ControlledQubitUnitary": qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(
np.eye(2) * 1j, wires=[0], control_wires=[2]
),
"MultiControlledX": qml.MultiControlledX(wires=(0, 1, 2), control_values="01"),
"SingleExcitation": qml.SingleExcitation(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"SingleExcitationPlus": qml.SingleExcitationPlus(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"SingleExcitationMinus": qml.SingleExcitationMinus(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"DoubleExcitation": qml.DoubleExcitation(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationPlus": qml.DoubleExcitationPlus(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationMinus": qml.DoubleExcitationMinus(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QFT": qml.QFT(wires=0),
"QubitSum": qml.QubitSum(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"QubitCarry": qml.QubitCarry(wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QubitUnitary": qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2) * 1j, wires=0),
}
return ops_list.get(op_name)
def test_MultiControlledX_control_values(self):
"""Test MultiControlledX special call with provided control values."""
with QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[0, 1, 2, 3],
wires=4,
control_values="0101")
_, ax = tape_mpl(tape)
assert ax.patches[0].get_facecolor() == (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0) # white
assert ax.patches[1].get_facecolor() == mpl.colors.to_rgba(
plt.rcParams["lines.color"])
assert ax.patches[2].get_facecolor() == (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
assert ax.patches[3].get_facecolor() == mpl.colors.to_rgba(
plt.rcParams["lines.color"])
plt.close()
def test_MultiControlledX_no_control_values(self):
"""Test MultiControlledX gets a special call."""
with QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[0, 1, 2, 3], wires=4)
_, ax = tape_mpl(tape)
layer = 0
assert len(ax.patches) == 5
for wire, patch in enumerate(ax.patches):
assert patch.center == (layer, wire)
# five wires, one control line, two target lines
assert len(ax.lines) == 8
control_line = ax.lines[5]
assert control_line.get_data() == ((layer, layer), (0, 4))
plt.close()
def parameterized_qubit_tape():
"""A parametrized qubit ciruit."""
a, b, c = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
angles = np.array([0.4, 0.5, 0.6])
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(a, wires=0)
qml.RX(b, wires=1)
qml.PauliZ(1)
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv()
qml.CRY(b, wires=[3, 1])
qml.RX(angles[0], wires=0)
qml.RX(4 * angles[1], wires=1)
qml.PhaseShift(17 / 9 * c, wires=2)
qml.RZ(b, wires=3)
qml.RX(angles[2], wires=2).inv()
qml.CRY(0.3589, wires=[3, 1]).inv()
qml.CSWAP(wires=[4, 2, 1]).inv()
qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[2])
qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(np.eye(2), control_wires=[0, 1], wires=[2])
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[0, 1, 2], wires=[3])
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 2])
qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])
qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]).inv()
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 2]).inv()
qml.CY(wires=[1, 2])
qml.CY(wires=[2, 0]).inv()
qml.CNOT(wires=[2, 1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 2])
qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 2]).inv()
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 3])
qml.RZ(b, wires=3)
qml.CSWAP(wires=[4, 0, 1])
qml.expval(qml.PauliY(0)),
qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=1)),
qml.sample(qml.PauliX(2)),
qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[3, 4])),
return tape
def testcircuit():
qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[0, 2, 4, 5], wires=3)
(qml.PauliX(0), "X", "X"),
(qml.PauliY(0), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(0), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.S(wires=0), "S", "S⁻¹"),
(qml.T(wires=0), "T", "T⁻¹"),
(qml.SX(wires=0), "SX", "SX⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=(0, 1)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.CZ(wires=(0, 1)), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.CY(wires=(0, 1)), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.SWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SWAP", "SWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.ISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "ISWAP", "ISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SQISW(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "SWAP", "SWAP"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=(0, 1, 2), wires=(3)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.Barrier(0), "||", "||"),
(qml.WireCut(wires=0), "//", "//"),
]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("op, label1, label2", label_data)
def test_label_method(op, label1, label2):
assert op.label() == label1
assert op.label(decimals=2) == label1
op.inv()
assert op.label() == label2
control_data = [
"CRot": qml.CRot(0, 0, 0, wires=[0, 1]), "CSWAP": qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]), "CZ": qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), "CY": qml.CY(wires=[0, 1]), "DiagonalQubitUnitary": qml.DiagonalQubitUnitary(np.array([1, 1]), wires=[0]), "Hadamard": qml.Hadamard(wires=[0]), "MultiRZ": qml.MultiRZ(0, wires=[0]), "PauliX": qml.PauliX(wires=[0]), "PauliY": qml.PauliY(wires=[0]), "PauliZ": qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]), "PhaseShift": qml.PhaseShift(0, wires=[0]), "ControlledPhaseShift": qml.ControlledPhaseShift(0, wires=[0, 1]), "QubitStateVector": qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([1.0, 0.0]), wires=[0]), "QubitUnitary": qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[0]), "ControlledQubitUnitary": qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(np.eye(2), control_wires=[1], wires=[0]), "MultiControlledX": qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[1, 2], wires=[0]), "RX": qml.RX(0, wires=[0]), "RY": qml.RY(0, wires=[0]), "RZ": qml.RZ(0, wires=[0]), "Rot": qml.Rot(0, 0, 0, wires=[0]), "S": qml.S(wires=[0]), "SWAP": qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]), "T": qml.T(wires=[0]), "SX": qml.SX(wires=[0]), "Toffoli": qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]), "QFT": qml.QFT(wires=[0, 1, 2]), "SingleExcitation": qml.SingleExcitation(0, wires=[0, 1]), "SingleExcitationPlus": qml.SingleExcitationPlus(0, wires=[0, 1]), "SingleExcitationMinus": qml.SingleExcitationMinus(0, wires=[0, 1]), "DoubleExcitation": qml.DoubleExcitation(0, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]), "DoubleExcitationPlus": qml.DoubleExcitationPlus(0, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
label_data = [
(qml.Hadamard(0), "H", "H"),
(qml.PauliX(0), "X", "X"),
(qml.PauliY(0), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(0), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.S(wires=0), "S", "S⁻¹"),
(qml.T(wires=0), "T", "T⁻¹"),
(qml.SX(wires=0), "SX", "SX⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=(0, 1)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.CZ(wires=(0, 1)), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.CY(wires=(0, 1)), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.SWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SWAP", "SWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.ISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "ISWAP", "ISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SQISW(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "SWAP", "SWAP"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=(0, 1, 2), wires=(3)), "⊕", "⊕"),
]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("op, label1, label2", label_data)
def test_label_method(op, label1, label2):
assert op.label() == label1
assert op.label(decimals=2) == label1
op.inv()
assert op.label() == label2
