def test_native_inverse_gates(self):
"""Test that a circuit containing inverse gates that are supported
natively by QASM, such as sdg, are correctly serialized."""
ops = [
qml.S(wires=0),
qml.S(wires=0).inv(),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.T(wires=0).inv(),
]
circuit = CircuitGraph(ops, {})
res = circuit.to_openqasm()
expected = dedent("""\
OPENQASM 2.0;
include "qelib1.inc";
qreg q[1];
creg c[1];
s q[0];
sdg q[0];
t q[0];
tdg q[0];
measure q[0] -> c[0];
""")
assert res == expected
class TestOperations:
"""Tests for the operations"""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op",
[
(qml.Hadamard(wires=0)),
(qml.PauliX(wires=0)),
(qml.PauliY(wires=0)),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=0)),
(qml.S(wires=0)),
(qml.T(wires=0)),
(qml.SX(wires=0)),
(qml.RX(0.3, wires=0)),
(qml.RY(0.3, wires=0)),
(qml.RZ(0.3, wires=0)),
(qml.PhaseShift(0.3, wires=0)),
(qml.Rot(0.3, 0.4, 0.5, wires=0)),
],
)
def test_single_qubit_rot_angles(self, op):
"""Tests that the Rot gates yielded by single_qubit_rot_angles
are equivalent to the true operations up to a global phase."""
angles = op.single_qubit_rot_angles()
obtained_mat = qml.Rot(*angles, wires=0).matrix
# Check whether the two matrices are each others conjugate transposes
mat_product = qml.math.dot(op.matrix, qml.math.conj(obtained_mat.T))
mat_product /= mat_product[0, 0]
assert qml.math.allclose(mat_product, I)
def qfunc():
qml.RZ(0.3, wires=0)
qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
qml.Rot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=0)
qml.RX(0.1, wires=0)
qml.SX(wires=0)
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.PauliX(wires=0)
def qfunc(theta):
qml.PauliX(wires=2)
qml.S(wires=0)
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
qml.PauliY(wires=1)
qml.CRY(theta[0], wires=[2, 1])
qml.PhaseShift(theta[1], wires=0)
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
def test_append_qubit_gates(self):
"""Test that gates are successfully appended to the queue."""
with qml.beta.queuing.AnnotatedQueue() as q:
ops = [
qml.RX(0.5, wires=0),
qml.RY(-10.1, wires=1),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.PhaseShift(-1.1, wires=18),
qml.T(wires=99),
]
assert q.queue == ops
def qfunc():
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 2])
qml.PauliZ(wires=2)
qml.S(wires=0)
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
qml.CRZ(0.5, wires=[0, 1])
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=2)
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.PauliZ(wires=0)
def op(op_name):
ops_list = {
"RX": qml.RX(0.123, wires=0),
"RY": qml.RY(1.434, wires=0),
"RZ": qml.RZ(2.774, wires=0),
"S": qml.S(wires=0),
"SX": qml.SX(wires=0),
"T": qml.T(wires=0),
"CNOT": qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
"CZ": qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]),
"CY": qml.CY(wires=[0, 1]),
"SWAP": qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"ISWAP": qml.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"SISWAP": qml.SISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"SQISW": qml.SQISW(wires=[0, 1]),
"CSWAP": qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"PauliRot": qml.PauliRot(0.123, "Y", wires=0),
"IsingXX": qml.IsingXX(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingXY": qml.IsingXY(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingYY": qml.IsingYY(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"IsingZZ": qml.IsingZZ(0.123, wires=[0, 1]),
"Identity": qml.Identity(wires=0),
"Rot": qml.Rot(0.123, 0.456, 0.789, wires=0),
"Toffoli": qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"PhaseShift": qml.PhaseShift(2.133, wires=0),
"ControlledPhaseShift": qml.ControlledPhaseShift(1.777, wires=[0, 2]),
"CPhase": qml.CPhase(1.777, wires=[0, 2]),
"MultiRZ": qml.MultiRZ(0.112, wires=[1, 2, 3]),
"CRX": qml.CRX(0.836, wires=[2, 3]),
"CRY": qml.CRY(0.721, wires=[2, 3]),
"CRZ": qml.CRZ(0.554, wires=[2, 3]),
"Hadamard": qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
"PauliX": qml.PauliX(wires=0),
"PauliY": qml.PauliY(wires=0),
"PauliZ": qml.PauliZ(wires=0),
"CRot": qml.CRot(0.123, 0.456, 0.789, wires=[0, 1]),
"DiagonalQubitUnitary": qml.DiagonalQubitUnitary(np.array([1.0, 1.0j]), wires=1),
"ControlledQubitUnitary": qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(
np.eye(2) * 1j, wires=[0], control_wires=[2]
),
"MultiControlledX": qml.MultiControlledX(wires=(0, 1, 2), control_values="01"),
"SingleExcitation": qml.SingleExcitation(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"SingleExcitationPlus": qml.SingleExcitationPlus(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"SingleExcitationMinus": qml.SingleExcitationMinus(0.123, wires=[0, 3]),
"DoubleExcitation": qml.DoubleExcitation(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationPlus": qml.DoubleExcitationPlus(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationMinus": qml.DoubleExcitationMinus(0.123, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QFT": qml.QFT(wires=0),
"QubitSum": qml.QubitSum(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"QubitCarry": qml.QubitCarry(wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QubitUnitary": qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2) * 1j, wires=0),
}
return ops_list.get(op_name)
def test_four_qubit_random_circuit(self, device, tol):
"""Compare a four-qubit random circuit with lots of different gates to default.qubit"""
n_wires = 4
dev = device(n_wires)
dev_def = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=n_wires)
if dev.name == dev_def.name:
pytest.skip("Device is default.qubit.")
if dev.shots is not None:
pytest.skip("Device is in non-analytical mode.")
gates = [
qml.PauliX(wires=0),
qml.PauliY(wires=1),
qml.PauliZ(wires=2),
qml.S(wires=3),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.RX(2.3, wires=1),
qml.RY(1.3, wires=2),
qml.RZ(3.3, wires=3),
qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
qml.Rot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=1),
qml.CRot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.SWAP(wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[1, 2, 3]),
qml.U1(1.0, wires=0),
qml.U2(1.0, 2.0, wires=2),
qml.U3(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, wires=3),
qml.CRX(0.1, wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CRY(0.2, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[3, 1]),
]
layers = 3
np.random.seed(1967)
gates_per_layers = [np.random.permutation(gates).numpy() for _ in range(layers)]
def circuit():
"""4-qubit circuit with layers of randomly selected gates and random connections for
multi-qubit gates."""
np.random.seed(1967)
for gates in gates_per_layers:
for gate in gates:
qml.apply(gate)
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
qnode_def = qml.QNode(circuit, dev_def)
qnode = qml.QNode(circuit, dev)
assert np.allclose(qnode(), qnode_def(), atol=tol(dev.shots))
def test_t_decomposition(self, tol):
"""Tests that the decomposition of the T gate is correct"""
op = qml.T(wires=0)
res = op.decomposition(0)
assert len(res) == 1
assert res[0].name == "PhaseShift"
assert res[0].wires == [0] #qml.wires.Wires([0])
assert res[0].params[0] == np.pi / 4
decomposed_matrix = res[0].matrix
assert np.allclose(decomposed_matrix, op.matrix, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def one_qubit_block(wires=None):
"""A block containing all of the supported gates in ``lightning.qubit``"""
qml.PauliX(wires=wires)
qml.PauliY(wires=wires)
qml.S(wires=wires)
qml.Hadamard(wires=wires)
qml.PauliX(wires=wires)
qml.T(wires=wires)
qml.PhaseShift(-1, wires=wires)
qml.Rot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=wires)
qml.RZ(0.11, wires=wires)
qml.RY(0.22, wires=wires)
qml.RX(0.33, wires=wires)
qml.PauliX(wires=wires)
def test_native_inverse_gates(self):
"""Test that a circuit containing inverse gates that are supported
natively by QASM, such as sdg, are correctly serialized."""
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as circuit:
qml.S(wires=0)
qml.S(wires=0).inv()
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.T(wires=0).inv(),
res = circuit.to_openqasm()
expected = dedent("""\
OPENQASM 2.0;
include "qelib1.inc";
qreg q[1];
creg c[1];
s q[0];
sdg q[0];
t q[0];
tdg q[0];
measure q[0] -> c[0];
""")
assert res == expected
def qfunc():
qml.PauliX(wires=1)
qml.S(wires=0)
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])
qml.PauliY(wires=1)
qml.CRY(0.5, wires=[1, 0])
qml.PhaseShift(0.2, wires=0)
qml.PauliY(wires=1)
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.CRZ(-0.3, wires=[0, 1])
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=0)
qml.PauliZ(wires=0)
qml.PauliX(wires=1)
qml.CRY(0.2, wires=[1, 0])
def test_four_qubit_random_circuit(self, shots):
"""Test a four-qubit random circuit with the whole set of possible gates,
the test is analog to a failing device test and is used to check the try/except
expval function from the mixed_simulator device."""
dev = qml.device("cirq.mixedsimulator", wires=4)
gates = [
qml.PauliX(wires=0),
qml.PauliY(wires=1),
qml.PauliZ(wires=2),
qml.S(wires=3),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.RX(2.3, wires=1),
qml.RY(1.3, wires=2),
qml.RZ(3.3, wires=3),
qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
qml.Rot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=1),
qml.CRot(0.1, 0.2, 0.3, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.SWAP(wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[1, 2, 3]),
qml.U1(1.0, wires=0),
qml.U2(1.0, 2.0, wires=2),
qml.U3(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, wires=3),
qml.CRX(0.1, wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CRY(0.2, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[3, 1]),
]
layers = 3
np.random.seed(1967)
gates_per_layers = [pnp.random.permutation(gates).numpy() for _ in range(layers)]
def circuit():
"""4-qubit circuit with layers of randomly selected gates and random connections for
multi-qubit gates."""
np.random.seed(1967)
for gates in gates_per_layers:
for gate in gates:
qml.apply(gate)
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
qnode = qml.QNode(circuit, dev)
assert np.allclose(qnode(), 0.0)
def test_integration():
gates = [
qml.PauliX(wires=0),
qml.PauliY(wires=0),
qml.PauliZ(wires=0),
qml.S(wires=0),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.RX(0.4, wires=0),
qml.RY(0.4, wires=0),
qml.RZ(0.4, wires=0),
qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
qml.Rot(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, wires=1),
qml.CRot(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, wires=(0, 1)),
qml.Toffoli(wires=(0, 1, 2)),
qml.SWAP(wires=(0, 1)),
qml.CSWAP(wires=(0, 1, 2)),
qml.U1(0.4, wires=0),
qml.U2(0.4, 0.5, wires=0),
qml.U3(0.4, 0.5, 0.6, wires=0),
qml.CRX(0.4, wires=(0, 1)),
qml.CRY(0.4, wires=(0, 1)),
qml.CRZ(0.4, wires=(0, 1)),
]
layers = 3
np.random.seed(1967)
gates_per_layers = [np.random.permutation(gates) for _ in range(layers)]
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
np.random.seed(1967)
for gates in gates_per_layers:
for gate in gates:
qml.apply(gate)
base_circ = from_pennylane(tape)
tape_recovered = to_pennylane(base_circ)
circ_recovered = from_pennylane(tape_recovered)
u_1 = cirq.unitary(base_circ)
u_2 = cirq.unitary(circ_recovered)
cirq.testing.assert_allclose_up_to_global_phase(u_1, u_2, atol=0)
def circuit():
qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
qml.T(wires=0)
return qml.state()
def qnode():
qml.S(wires=0)
qml.S(wires=0).inv()
qml.T(wires=0)
qml.T(wires=0).inv()
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
"PauliX": qml.PauliX(wires=[0]),
"PauliY": qml.PauliY(wires=[0]),
"PauliZ": qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]),
"PhaseShift": qml.PhaseShift(0, wires=[0]),
"ControlledPhaseShift": qml.ControlledPhaseShift(0, wires=[0, 1]),
"QubitStateVector": qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([1.0, 0.0]), wires=[0]),
"QubitUnitary": qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[0]),
"ControlledQubitUnitary": qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(np.eye(2), control_wires=[1], wires=[0]),
"MultiControlledX": qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=[1, 2], wires=[0]),
"RX": qml.RX(0, wires=[0]),
"RY": qml.RY(0, wires=[0]),
"RZ": qml.RZ(0, wires=[0]),
"Rot": qml.Rot(0, 0, 0, wires=[0]),
"S": qml.S(wires=[0]),
"SWAP": qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
"T": qml.T(wires=[0]),
"SX": qml.SX(wires=[0]),
"Toffoli": qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"QFT": qml.QFT(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
"SingleExcitation": qml.SingleExcitation(0, wires=[0, 1]),
"SingleExcitationPlus": qml.SingleExcitationPlus(0, wires=[0, 1]),
"SingleExcitationMinus": qml.SingleExcitationMinus(0, wires=[0, 1]),
"DoubleExcitation": qml.DoubleExcitation(0, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationPlus": qml.DoubleExcitationPlus(0, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"DoubleExcitationMinus": qml.DoubleExcitationMinus(0, wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QubitCarry": qml.QubitCarry(wires=[0, 1, 2, 3]),
"QubitSum:": qml.QubitSum(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
}
all_ops = ops.keys()
class TestWavefunctionBasic(BaseTest):
"""Unit tests for the NumPy wavefunction simulator."""
def test_var(self, tol):
"""Tests for variance calculation"""
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=2)
phi = 0.543
theta = 0.6543
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(phi, wires=[0])
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
O = qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]))
# test correct variance for <Z> of a rotated state
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
var = dev.var(O)
expected = 0.25 * (3 - np.cos(2 * theta) -
2 * np.cos(theta)**2 * np.cos(2 * phi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(var, expected, delta=tol)
def test_var_hermitian(self, tol):
"""Tests for variance calculation using an arbitrary Hermitian observable"""
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=2)
phi = 0.543
theta = 0.6543
H = np.array([[4, -1 + 6j], [-1 - 6j, 2]])
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(phi, wires=[0])
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
O = qml.var(qml.Hermitian(H, wires=[0]))
# test correct variance for <Z> of a rotated state
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
var = dev.var(O)
# test correct variance for <H> of a rotated state
expected = 0.5 * (2 * np.sin(2 * theta) * np.cos(phi)**2 +
24 * np.sin(phi) * np.cos(phi) *
(np.sin(theta) - np.cos(theta)) +
35 * np.cos(2 * phi) + 39)
self.assertAlmostEqual(var, expected, delta=tol)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op",
[
qml.QubitUnitary(np.array(U), wires=0),
qml.BasisState(np.array([1, 1, 1]), wires=list(range(3))),
qml.PauliX(wires=0),
qml.PauliY(wires=0),
qml.PauliZ(wires=0),
qml.S(wires=0),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.RX(0.432, wires=0),
qml.RY(0.432, wires=0),
qml.RZ(0.432, wires=0),
qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
qml.Rot(0.432, 2, 0.324, wires=0),
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.PhaseShift(0.432, wires=0),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
plf.CPHASE(0.432, 2, wires=[0, 1]),
plf.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
plf.PSWAP(0.432, wires=[0, 1]),
],
)
def test_apply(self, op, apply_unitary, tol):
"""Test the application of gates to a state"""
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=3)
obs = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
if op.name == "QubitUnitary":
state = apply_unitary(U, 3)
elif op.name == "BasisState":
state = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
elif op.name == "CPHASE":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["CPHASE"](0.432, 2), 3)
elif op.name == "ISWAP":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["ISWAP"], 3)
elif op.name == "PSWAP":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["PSWAP"](0.432), 3)
else:
state = apply_unitary(op.matrix, 3)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.apply(op)
obs
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
# verify the device is now in the expected state
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(dev._state, state, delta=tol)
def test_sample_values(self, tol):
"""Tests if the samples returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=1, shots=10)
theta = 1.5708
O = qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(0))
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(0))
dev.apply(tape._ops, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O.obs)
# s1 should only contain 1 and -1
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(s1**2, 1, delta=tol)
def test_sample_values_hermitian(self, tol):
"""Tests if the samples of a Hermitian observable returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=1, shots=1_000_000)
theta = 0.543
A = np.array([[1, 2j], [-2j, 0]])
circuit_operations = [qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])]
O = qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0]))
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
O = qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0]))
# test correct variance for <Z> of a rotated state
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O.obs)
# s1 should only contain the eigenvalues of
# the hermitian matrix
eigvals = np.linalg.eigvalsh(A)
assert np.allclose(sorted(list(set(s1))),
sorted(eigvals),
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
# the analytic mean is 2*sin(theta)+0.5*cos(theta)+0.5
assert np.allclose(np.mean(s1),
2 * np.sin(theta) + 0.5 * np.cos(theta) + 0.5,
atol=0.1,
rtol=0)
# the analytic variance is 0.25*(sin(theta)-4*cos(theta))^2
assert np.allclose(np.var(s1),
0.25 * (np.sin(theta) - 4 * np.cos(theta))**2,
atol=0.1,
rtol=0)
def test_sample_values_hermitian_multi_qubit(self, tol):
"""Tests if the samples of a multi-qubit Hermitian observable returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
shots = 1_000_000
dev = plf.NumpyWavefunctionDevice(wires=2, shots=shots)
theta = 0.543
A = np.array([
[1, 2j, 1 - 2j, 0.5j],
[-2j, 0, 3 + 4j, 1],
[1 + 2j, 3 - 4j, 0.75, 1.5 - 2j],
[-0.5j, 1, 1.5 + 2j, -1],
])
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0]),
qml.RY(2 * theta, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
O = qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0, 1]))
# test correct variance for <Z> of a rotated state
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O.obs)
# s1 should only contain the eigenvalues of
# the hermitian matrix
eigvals = np.linalg.eigvalsh(A)
assert np.allclose(sorted(list(set(s1))),
sorted(eigvals),
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
# make sure the mean matches the analytic mean
expected = (88 * np.sin(theta) + 24 * np.sin(2 * theta) -
40 * np.sin(3 * theta) + 5 * np.cos(theta) -
6 * np.cos(2 * theta) + 27 * np.cos(3 * theta) + 6) / 32
assert np.allclose(np.mean(s1), expected, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
class TestQVMBasic(BaseTest):
"""Unit tests for the QVM simulator."""
# pylint: disable=protected-access
def test_identity_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that identity expectation value (i.e. the trace) is 1"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RX(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.Identity(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.Identity(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit (trace should always be 1)
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res,
np.array([1, 1]),
delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_pauliz_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that PauliZ expectation value is correct"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RX(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(
res,
np.array([np.cos(theta),
np.cos(theta) * np.cos(phi)]),
delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_paulix_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that PauliX expectation value is correct"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RY(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(
res,
np.array([np.sin(theta) * np.sin(phi),
np.sin(phi)]),
delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_pauliy_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that PauliY expectation value is correct"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RX(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res,
np.array([0, -np.cos(theta) * np.sin(phi)]),
delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_hadamard_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that Hadamard expectation value is correct"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RY(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit
expected = np.array([
np.sin(theta) * np.sin(phi) + np.cos(theta),
np.cos(theta) * np.cos(phi) + np.sin(phi)
]) / np.sqrt(2)
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res, expected, delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
@flaky(max_runs=10, min_passes=3)
def test_hermitian_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that arbitrary Hermitian expectation values are correct.
As the results coming from the qvm are stochastic, a constraint of 3 out of 5 runs was added.
"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RY(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(H, wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(H, wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs), dev.expval(O2.obs)])
# below are the analytic expectation values for this circuit with arbitrary
# Hermitian observable H
a = H[0, 0]
re_b = H[0, 1].real
d = H[1, 1]
ev1 = ((a - d) * np.cos(theta) +
2 * re_b * np.sin(theta) * np.sin(phi) + a + d) / 2
ev2 = ((a - d) * np.cos(theta) * np.cos(phi) + 2 * re_b * np.sin(phi) +
a + d) / 2
expected = np.array([ev1, ev2])
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res, expected, delta=4 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_multi_qubit_hermitian_expectation(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test that arbitrary multi-qubit Hermitian expectation values are correct"""
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
A = np.array([
[-6, 2 + 1j, -3, -5 + 2j],
[2 - 1j, 0, 2 - 1j, -5 + 4j],
[-3, 2 + 1j, 0, -4 + 3j],
[-5 - 2j, -5 - 4j, -4 - 3j, -6],
])
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=10 * shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RY(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0, 1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = np.array([dev.expval(O1.obs)])
# below is the analytic expectation value for this circuit with arbitrary
# Hermitian observable A
expected = 0.5 * (6 * np.cos(theta) * np.sin(phi) - np.sin(theta) *
(8 * np.sin(phi) + 7 * np.cos(phi) + 3) -
2 * np.sin(phi) - 6 * np.cos(phi) - 6)
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res, expected, delta=5 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_var(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Tests for variance calculation"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
phi = 0.543
theta = 0.6543
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(phi, wires=[0])
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
O1 = qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
var = np.array([dev.var(O1.obs)])
expected = 0.25 * (3 - np.cos(2 * theta) -
2 * np.cos(theta)**2 * np.cos(2 * phi))
self.assertAlmostEqual(var, expected, delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_var_hermitian(self, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Tests for variance calculation using an arbitrary Hermitian observable"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=100 * shots)
phi = 0.543
theta = 0.6543
A = np.array([[4, -1 + 6j], [-1 - 6j, 2]])
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(phi, wires=[0])
qml.RY(theta, wires=[0])
O1 = qml.var(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0]))
# test correct variance for <A> of a rotated state
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
var = np.array([dev.var(O1.obs)])
expected = 0.5 * (2 * np.sin(2 * theta) * np.cos(phi)**2 +
24 * np.sin(phi) * np.cos(phi) *
(np.sin(theta) - np.cos(theta)) +
35 * np.cos(2 * phi) + 39)
self.assertAlmostEqual(var, expected, delta=0.3)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op",
[
qml.QubitUnitary(np.array(U), wires=0),
qml.BasisState(np.array([1, 1, 1]), wires=list(range(3))),
qml.PauliX(wires=0),
qml.PauliY(wires=0),
qml.PauliZ(wires=0),
qml.S(wires=0),
qml.T(wires=0),
qml.RX(0.432, wires=0),
qml.RY(0.432, wires=0),
qml.RZ(0.432, wires=0),
qml.Hadamard(wires=0),
qml.Rot(0.432, 2, 0.324, wires=0),
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.PhaseShift(0.432, wires=0),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]),
plf.CPHASE(0.432, 2, wires=[0, 1]),
plf.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]),
plf.PSWAP(0.432, wires=[0, 1]),
],
)
def test_apply(self, op, apply_unitary, shots, qvm, compiler):
"""Test the application of gates to a state"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="3q-qvm",
shots=shots,
parametric_compilation=False)
obs = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
if op.name == "QubitUnitary":
state = apply_unitary(U, 3)
elif op.name == "BasisState":
state = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])
elif op.name == "CPHASE":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["CPHASE"](0.432, 2), 3)
elif op.name == "ISWAP":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["ISWAP"], 3)
elif op.name == "PSWAP":
state = apply_unitary(test_operation_map["PSWAP"](0.432), 3)
else:
state = apply_unitary(op.matrix, 3)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.apply(op)
obs
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
res = dev.expval(obs.obs)
expected = np.vdot(state, np.kron(np.kron(Z, I), I) @ state)
# verify the device is now in the expected state
# Note we have increased the tolerance here, since we are only
# performing 1024 shots.
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(res, expected, delta=3 / np.sqrt(shots))
def test_sample_values(self, qvm, tol):
"""Tests if the samples returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="1q-qvm", shots=10)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(1.5708, wires=[0])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O1.obs)
# s1 should only contain 1 and -1
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(s1**2, 1, delta=tol)
self.assertAllAlmostEqual(s1, 1 - 2 * dev._samples[:, 0], delta=tol)
def test_sample_values_hermitian(self, qvm, tol):
"""Tests if the samples of a Hermitian observable returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
theta = 0.543
shots = 1_000_000
A = np.array([[1, 2j], [-2j, 0]])
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="1q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
O1 = qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O1.obs)
# s1 should only contain the eigenvalues of
# the hermitian matrix
eigvals = np.linalg.eigvalsh(A)
assert np.allclose(sorted(list(set(s1))),
sorted(eigvals),
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
# the analytic mean is 2*sin(theta)+0.5*cos(theta)+0.5
assert np.allclose(np.mean(s1),
2 * np.sin(theta) + 0.5 * np.cos(theta) + 0.5,
atol=0.1,
rtol=0)
# the analytic variance is 0.25*(sin(theta)-4*cos(theta))^2
assert np.allclose(np.var(s1),
0.25 * (np.sin(theta) - 4 * np.cos(theta))**2,
atol=0.1,
rtol=0)
def test_sample_values_hermitian_multi_qubit(self, qvm, tol):
"""Tests if the samples of a multi-qubit Hermitian observable returned by sample have
the correct values
"""
theta = 0.543
shots = 100_000
A = np.array([
[1, 2j, 1 - 2j, 0.5j],
[-2j, 0, 3 + 4j, 1],
[1 + 2j, 3 - 4j, 0.75, 1.5 - 2j],
[-0.5j, 1, 1.5 + 2j, -1],
])
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RY(2 * theta, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(A, wires=[0, 1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev._samples = dev.generate_samples()
s1 = dev.sample(O1.obs)
# s1 should only contain the eigenvalues of
# the hermitian matrix
eigvals = np.linalg.eigvalsh(A)
assert np.allclose(sorted(list(set(s1))),
sorted(eigvals),
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
# make sure the mean matches the analytic mean
expected = (88 * np.sin(theta) + 24 * np.sin(2 * theta) -
40 * np.sin(3 * theta) + 5 * np.cos(theta) -
6 * np.cos(2 * theta) + 27 * np.cos(3 * theta) + 6) / 32
assert np.allclose(np.mean(s1), expected, atol=0.1, rtol=0)
def test_wires_argument(self):
"""Test that the wires argument gets processed correctly."""
dev_no_wires = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=5)
assert dev_no_wires.wires == Wires(range(2))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Device has a fixed number of"):
plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=5, wires=1000)
dev_iterable_wires = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm",
shots=5,
wires=range(2))
assert dev_iterable_wires.wires == Wires(range(2))
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Device has a fixed number of"):
plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=5, wires=range(1000))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("shots", list(range(0, -10, -1)))
def test_raise_error_if_shots_is_not_positive(self, shots):
"""Test that instantiating a QVMDevice if the number of shots is not a postivie
integer raises an error"""
with pytest.raises(
ValueError,
match="Number of shots must be a positive integer."):
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=shots)
def test_raise_error_if_shots_is_none(self, shots):
"""Test that instantiating a QVMDevice to be used for analytic computations raises an error"""
with pytest.raises(
ValueError,
match="QVM device cannot be used for analytic computations."):
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device="2q-qvm", shots=None)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"device", ["2q-qvm", np.random.choice(TEST_QPU_LATTICES)])
def test_timeout_set_correctly(self, shots, device):
"""Test that the timeout attrbiute for the QuantumComputer stored by the QVMDevice
is set correctly when passing a value as keyword argument"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device=device, shots=shots, timeout=100)
assert dev.qc.compiler.client.timeout == 100
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"device", ["2q-qvm", np.random.choice(TEST_QPU_LATTICES)])
def test_timeout_default(self, shots, device):
"""Test that the timeout attrbiute for the QuantumComputer stored by the QVMDevice
is set correctly when passing a value as keyword argument"""
dev = plf.QVMDevice(device=device, shots=shots)
qc = pyquil.get_qc(device, as_qvm=True)
# Check that the timeouts are equal (it has not been changed as a side effect of
# instantiation
assert dev.qc.compiler.client.timeout == qc.compiler.client.timeout
def test_compiled_program_stored(self, qvm, monkeypatch):
"""Test that QVM device stores the latest compiled program."""
dev = qml.device("forest.qvm", device="2q-qvm")
dev.compiled_program is None
theta = 0.432
phi = 0.123
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RX(theta, wires=[0])
qml.RX(phi, wires=[1])
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.Identity(wires=[0]))
O2 = qml.expval(qml.Identity(wires=[1]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev.generate_samples()
dev.compiled_program is not None
def test_stored_compiled_program_correct(self, qvm, monkeypatch):
"""Test that QVM device stores the latest compiled program."""
dev = qml.device("forest.qvm", device="2q-qvm")
dev.compiled_program is None
theta = 0.432
with qml.tape.QuantumTape() as tape:
qml.RZ(theta, wires=[0])
qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])
O1 = qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[0]))
dev.apply(tape.operations, rotations=tape.diagonalizing_gates)
dev.generate_samples()
dev.compiled_program.program == compiled_program
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.state()
assert np.allclose(f(), rnd_state)
spy.assert_called()
label_data = [
(qml.Identity(0), "I", "I"),
(qml.Hadamard(0), "H", "H"),
(qml.PauliX(0), "X", "X"),
(qml.PauliY(0), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(0), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.S(wires=0), "S", "S⁻¹"),
(qml.T(wires=0), "T", "T⁻¹"),
(qml.SX(wires=0), "SX", "SX⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=(0, 1)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.CZ(wires=(0, 1)), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.CY(wires=(0, 1)), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.SWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SWAP", "SWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.ISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "ISWAP", "ISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SQISW(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "SWAP", "SWAP"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=(0, 1, 2), wires=(3)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.Barrier(0), "||", "||"),
(qml.WireCut(wires=0), "//", "//"),
]
def circuit():
qml.T(wires=0)
return sample(qml.PauliZ(0))
"RX": qml.RX(0, wires=[0]), "RY": qml.RY(0, wires=[0]), "RZ": qml.RZ(0, wires=[0]), "Rot": qml.Rot(0, 0, 0, wires=[0]), "S": qml.S(wires=[0]), "SWAP": qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]), "ISWAP": qml.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]), "T": qml.T(wires=[0]), "SX": qml.SX(wires=[0]), "Toffoli": qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2]), "QFT": qml.QFT(wires=[0, 1, 2]), "IsingXX": qml.IsingXX(0, wires=[0, 1]), "IsingYY": qml.IsingYY(0, wires=[0, 1]), "IsingZZ": qml.IsingZZ(0, wires=[0, 1]), "SingleExcitation": qml.SingleExcitation(0, wires=[0, 1]), "SingleExcitationPlus":
crz = lambda theta: np.array([
[1, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, np.exp(-1j * theta / 2), 0],
[0, 0, 0, np.exp(1j * theta / 2)],
])
# list of all non-parametrized single-qubit gates,
# along with the PennyLane operation name
single_qubit = [
(qml.PauliX(wires=0), X),
(qml.PauliY(wires=0), Y),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=0), Z),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=0), H),
(qml.S(wires=0), S),
(qml.T(wires=0), T),
(qml.PauliX(wires=0).inv(), X.conj().T),
(qml.PauliY(wires=0).inv(), Y.conj().T),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=0).inv(), Z.conj().T),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=0).inv(), H.conj().T),
(qml.S(wires=0).inv(), S.conj().T),
(qml.T(wires=0).inv(), T.conj().T),
]
# list of all parametrized single-qubit gates
single_qubit_param = [
(qml.RX(0, wires=0), rx),
(qml.RY(0, wires=0), ry),
(qml.RZ(0, wires=0), rz),
(qml.PhaseShift(0, wires=0), phase_shift),
(qml.RX(0, wires=0).inv(), lambda theta: rx(-theta)),
def circuit():
qml.RX(par, wires=[0])
qml.T(wires=[0]).inv()
return qml.expval(qml.PauliX(0))
class TestProgramConverter:
"""Test that PyQuil Program instances are properly converted."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"pyquil_operation,expected_pl_operation",
[
(g.I(0), qml.Identity(wires=[0])),
(g.H(0), qml.Hadamard(0)),
(g.H(0).dagger(), qml.Hadamard(0).inv()),
(g.H(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.Hadamard(0).inv().inv()),
(g.S(0), qml.S(wires=[0])),
(g.S(0).dagger(), qml.S(wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.S(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.S(wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.T(0), qml.T(wires=[0])),
(g.T(0).dagger(), qml.T(wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.T(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.T(wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0), qml.PauliX(0)),
(g.X(0).dagger(), qml.PauliX(0).inv()),
(g.X(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliX(0).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1), qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0])),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2).dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0]).inv()),
(
g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.Y(0), qml.PauliY(0)),
(g.Y(0).dagger(), qml.PauliY(0).inv()),
(g.Y(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliY(0).inv().inv()),
(g.Z(0), qml.PauliZ(0)),
(g.Z(0).dagger(), qml.PauliZ(0).inv()),
(g.Z(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliZ(0).inv().inv()),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1), qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0])),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.CNOT(0, 1), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.CNOT(0,
1).dagger().dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1])),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.SWAP(0, 1), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).dagger(), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.SWAP(0,
1).dagger().dagger(), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2), qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1])),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv()),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1), plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1
]).inv()),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.CZ(0, 1), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CZ(0, 1).dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.CZ(0, 1).dagger().dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0), qml.PhaseShift(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.PhaseShift(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PhaseShift(
0.3, wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1), plf.ops.CPHASE(
0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(
g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.RX(0.3, 0), qml.RX(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RX(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RX(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRX(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0), qml.RY(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RY(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RY(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRY(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRY(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRY(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0), qml.RZ(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RZ(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RZ(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRZ(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3,
wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2), qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2])),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2).dagger(), qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv()),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv().inv()),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2])),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2).dagger(), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv()),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv().inv()),
],
)
def test_convert_operation(self, pyquil_operation, expected_pl_operation):
"""Test that single pyquil gates are properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += pyquil_operation
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
loader = load_program(program)
loader(wires=range(len(loader.defined_qubits)))
assert rec.queue[0].name == expected_pl_operation.name
assert rec.queue[0].wires == expected_pl_operation.wires
assert rec.queue[0].params == expected_pl_operation.params
def test_convert_simple_program(self):
"""Test that a simple program is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 3)
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7)
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
# The wires should be assigned as
# 0 1 2 3 7
# 0 1 2 3 4
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 3]),
qml.Hadamard(2),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.PauliX(4),
qml.PauliY(1),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_simple_program_with_parameters(self):
"""Test that a simple program with parameters is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
gamma = program.declare("gamma", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
program += g.RX(gamma, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.H(0)
a, b, c = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
parameter_map = {"alpha": a, "beta": b, "gamma": c}
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RX(0.1, wires=[1]),
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=[1]),
qml.RX(0.3, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.Hadamard(0),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_parameter_not_given_error(self):
"""Test that the correct error is raised if a parameter is not given."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
a = 0.1
parameter_map = {"alpha": a}
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"The PyQuil program defines a variable .* that is not present in the given variable map",
):
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
def test_convert_simple_program_with_parameters_mixed_keys(self):
"""Test that a parametrized program is properly converted when
the variable map contains mixed key types."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
gamma = program.declare("gamma", "REAL")
delta = program.declare("delta", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
program += g.RX(gamma, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RZ(delta, 0)
program += g.H(0)
a, b, c, d = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4
parameter_map = {"alpha": a, beta: b, gamma: c, "delta": d}
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RX(0.1, wires=[1]),
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=[1]),
qml.RX(0.3, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RZ(0.4, wires=[0]),
qml.Hadamard(0),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_simple_program_wire_assignment(self):
"""Test that the assignment of qubits to wires works as expected."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 3)
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7)
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=[3, 6, 4, 9, 1])
# The wires should be assigned as
# 0 1 2 3 7
# 3 6 4 9 1
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(3),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[6]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[3, 9]),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.Hadamard(1),
qml.PauliX(1),
qml.PauliY(6),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[6]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
@pytest.mark.parametrize("wires", [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5]])
def test_convert_wire_error(self, wires):
"""Test that the conversion raises an error if the given number
of wires doesn't match the number of qubits in the Program."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.H(1)
program += g.H(2)
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"The number of given wires does not match the number of qubits in the PyQuil Program",
):
load_program(program)(wires=wires)
def test_convert_program_with_inverses(self):
"""Test that a program with inverses is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1).dagger()
program += g.CNOT(0, 3).dagger()
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7).dagger().dagger()
program += g.X(7).dagger()
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]).inv(),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 3]).inv(),
qml.Hadamard(2),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.PauliX(4).inv(),
qml.PauliX(4),
qml.PauliY(1),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_operations(self):
"""Test that a program with controlled operations is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.RY(0.2, 3).controlled(2)
program += g.RX(0.4, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.CNOT(1, 4)
program += g.CNOT(1, 6).controlled(3)
program += g.X(3).controlled(4).controlled(1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(6))
expected_queue = [
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
qml.CRY(0.2, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.CRX(0.4, wires=[0, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 4]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[3, 1, 5]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 3]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_operations_not_in_pl_core(
self, tol):
"""Test that a program with controlled operations out of scope of PL core/PLF
is properly converted, i.e. the operations are replaced with controlled operations."""
program = pyquil.Program()
CS_matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=complex)
CS_matrix[3, 3] = 1j
CCT_matrix = np.eye(8, dtype=complex)
CCT_matrix[7, 7] = np.exp(1j * np.pi / 4)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.S(0).controlled(1)
program += g.S(1).controlled(0)
program += g.T(0).controlled(1).controlled(2)
program += g.T(1).controlled(0).controlled(2)
program += g.T(2).controlled(1).controlled(0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.allclose(converted.params,
expected.params,
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_dagger_operations(self):
"""Test that a program that combines controlled and daggered operations
is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger().controlled(2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger().controlled(2).dagger()
program += g.RX(0.3, 3).controlled(4)
program += g.RX(0.2, 3).controlled(4).dagger()
program += g.RX(0.3, 3).dagger().controlled(4)
program += g.RX(0.2, 3).dagger().controlled(4).dagger()
program += g.X(2).dagger().controlled(4).controlled(1).dagger()
program += g.X(0).dagger().controlled(4).controlled(1)
program += g.X(0).dagger().controlled(4).dagger().dagger().controlled(
1).dagger()
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
expected_queue = [
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[4, 3]),
qml.CRX(0.2, wires=[4, 3]).inv(),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[4, 3]).inv(),
qml.CRX(0.2, wires=[4, 3]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 2]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 0]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_defgates(self):
"""Test that a program that defines its own gates is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
sqrt_x = np.array([[0.5 + 0.5j, 0.5 - 0.5j], [0.5 - 0.5j, 0.5 + 0.5j]])
sqrt_x_t2 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x)
sqrt_x_t3 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x_t2)
sqrt_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X", sqrt_x)
SQRT_X = sqrt_x_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t2_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T2", sqrt_x_t2)
SQRT_X_T2 = sqrt_x_t2_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t3_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T3", sqrt_x_t3)
SQRT_X_T3 = sqrt_x_t3_definition.get_constructor()
program += sqrt_x_definition
program += sqrt_x_t2_definition
program += sqrt_x_t3_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += SQRT_X(0)
program += SQRT_X_T2(1, 2)
program += SQRT_X_T3(1, 0, 2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.CNOT(1, 2)
program += g.CNOT(2, 0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x, wires=[0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x_t2, wires=[1, 2]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x_t3, wires=[1, 0, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[2, 0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_defgates(self, tol):
"""Test that a program with controlled defined gates is properly
converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
sqrt_x = np.array([[0.5 + 0.5j, 0.5 - 0.5j], [0.5 - 0.5j, 0.5 + 0.5j]])
sqrt_x_t2 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x)
c_sqrt_x = np.eye(4, dtype=complex)
c_sqrt_x[2:, 2:] = sqrt_x
c_sqrt_x_t2 = np.eye(8, dtype=complex)
c_sqrt_x_t2[4:, 4:] = sqrt_x_t2
sqrt_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X", sqrt_x)
SQRT_X = sqrt_x_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t2_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T2", sqrt_x_t2)
SQRT_X_T2 = sqrt_x_t2_definition.get_constructor()
program += sqrt_x_definition
program += sqrt_x_t2_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += SQRT_X(0).controlled(1)
program += SQRT_X_T2(1, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.X(0).controlled(1)
program += g.RX(0.4, 0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(c_sqrt_x, wires=[1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(c_sqrt_x_t2, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]),
qml.RX(0.4, wires=[0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.allclose(converted.params,
expected.params,
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
def test_convert_program_with_defpermutationgates(self):
"""Test that a program with gates defined via DefPermutationGate is
properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
expected_matrix = np.eye(4)
expected_matrix = expected_matrix[:, [1, 0, 3, 2]]
x_plus_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefPermutationGate(
"X+X", [1, 0, 3, 2])
X_plus_X = x_plus_x_definition.get_constructor()
program += x_plus_x_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += X_plus_X(0, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_matrix, wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.array_equal(converted.params, expected.params)
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_defpermutationgates(self):
"""Test that a program that uses controlled permutation gates
is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
expected_matrix = np.eye(4)
expected_matrix = expected_matrix[:, [1, 0, 3, 2]]
expected_controlled_matrix = np.eye(8)
expected_controlled_matrix[4:, 4:] = expected_matrix
x_plus_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefPermutationGate(
"X+X", [1, 0, 3, 2])
X_plus_X = x_plus_x_definition.get_constructor()
program += x_plus_x_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += X_plus_X(0, 1).controlled(2)
program += X_plus_X(1, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_controlled_matrix, wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_controlled_matrix, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.array_equal(converted.params, expected.params)
def test_forked_gate_error(self):
"""Test that an error is raised if conversion of a
forked gate is attempted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(0.3, 1).forked(2, [0.5])
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"Forked gates can not be imported into PennyLane, as this functionality is not supported",
):
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
class TestRepresentationResolver:
"""Test the RepresentationResolver class."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"list,element,index,list_after",
[
([1, 2, 3], 2, 1, [1, 2, 3]),
([1, 2, 2, 3], 2, 1, [1, 2, 2, 3]),
([1, 2, 3], 4, 3, [1, 2, 3, 4]),
],
)
def test_index_of_array_or_append(self, list, element, index, list_after):
"""Test the method index_of_array_or_append."""
assert RepresentationResolver.index_of_array_or_append(element,
list) == index
assert list == list_after
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"par,expected",
[
(3, "3"),
(5.236422, "5.24"),
],
)
def test_single_parameter_representation(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
par, expected):
"""Test that single parameters are properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.single_parameter_representation(
par) == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op,wire,target",
[
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "C"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PauliY(wires=[1]), 1, "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Identity(wires=[1]), 1, "I"),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1]), 1, "H"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "XX", wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "YZ", wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 0, "RI(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 2, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 3, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.PauliRot(3.14, "IXYZI", wires=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4
]), 4, "RI(3.14)"),
(qml.MultiRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.MultiRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1
]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PhaseShift(3.14, wires=[0]), 0, "Rϕ(3.14)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Squeezing(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.Displacement(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "D(1, 2)"),
(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1]), 1, "n"),
(qml.Rotation(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "R(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ThermalState(3, wires=[1]), 1, "Thermal(3)"),
(
qml.GaussianState(np.array([[2, 0], [0, 2]]),
np.array([1, 2]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"Gaussian(M0,M1)",
),
(qml.QuadraticPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "P(3.14)"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.S(wires=[2]), 2, "S"),
(qml.T(wires=[2]), 2, "T"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.RY(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.RZ(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.U1(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U1(3.14)"),
(qml.U2(3.14, 2.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U2(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|0⟩"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 2, "|1⟩"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 3, "|0⟩"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 1, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 2, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[1]), 1, "U0"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "U0"),
(qml.Kerr(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Kerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 1, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 2, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CubicPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "V(3.14)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 1, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 3, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1,
wires=[1]), 1, "CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1)"),
(qml.CoherentState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "CoherentState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
1,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
2,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14, wires=[1]),
1,
"DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14)",
),
(qml.FockState(7, wires=[1]), 1, "|7⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 1, "|4⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 2, "|5⟩"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 3, "|7⟩"),
(qml.SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 1, "H0"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "H0"),
(qml.X(wires=[1]), 1, "x"),
(qml.P(wires=[1]), 1, "p"),
(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|4,5,7╳4,5,7|"),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1]),
2,
"1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(
np.array([
[1.2, 2.3, 4.5, 0, 0],
[-1.2, 1.2, -1.5, 0, 0],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3, 0, 0],
[0, 2.6, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -4.7, -1.0],
]),
wires=[1],
),
1,
"1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀+2.6x₀x₁-p₁²-4.7x₁p₁",
),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 1, "X⁻¹"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 2, "C"),
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 0,
"basis"), # not providing an observable in
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 1,
"basis"), # sample gets displayed as raw
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 0, "QuantumTape:T0"),
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 1, "QuantumTape:T0"),
],
)
def test_operator_representation_unicode(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
op, wire, target):
"""Test that an Operator instance is properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation(
op, wire) == target
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"op,wire,target",
[
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "X"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "C"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 1, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 2, "SWAP"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 2, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PauliY(wires=[1]), 1, "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z"),
(qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.Identity(wires=[1]), 1, "I"),
(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1]), 1, "H"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.CRX(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.CRY(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.CRZ(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1
]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.CRot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.PhaseShift(3.14, wires=[0]), 0, "Rϕ(3.14)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Beamsplitter(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "BS(1, 2)"),
(qml.Squeezing(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.TwoModeSqueezing(1, 2, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "S(1, 2)"),
(qml.Displacement(1, 2, wires=[1]), 1, "D(1, 2)"),
(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1]), 1, "n"),
(qml.Rotation(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "R(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "X(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledAddition(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 1, "Z(3.14)"),
(qml.ControlledPhase(3.14, wires=[0, 1]), 0, "C"),
(qml.ThermalState(3, wires=[1]), 1, "Thermal(3)"),
(
qml.GaussianState(np.array([[2, 0], [0, 2]]),
np.array([1, 2]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"Gaussian(M0,M1)",
),
(qml.QuadraticPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "P(3.14)"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.S(wires=[2]), 2, "S"),
(qml.T(wires=[2]), 2, "T"),
(qml.RX(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RX(3.14)"),
(qml.RY(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RY(3.14)"),
(qml.RZ(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "RZ(3.14)"),
(qml.Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Rot(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.U1(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U1(3.14)"),
(qml.U2(3.14, 2.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U2(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, wires=[1]), 1, "U3(3.14, 2.14, 1.14)"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|0>"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 2, "|1>"),
(qml.BasisState(np.array([0, 1, 0]), wires=[1, 2, 3]), 3, "|0>"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 1, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitStateVector(np.array([0, 1, 0, 0]),
wires=[1, 2]), 2, "QubitStateVector(M0)"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(2), wires=[1]), 1, "U0"),
(qml.QubitUnitary(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "U0"),
(qml.Kerr(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "Kerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 1, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CrossKerr(3.14, wires=[1, 2]), 2, "CrossKerr(3.14)"),
(qml.CubicPhase(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "V(3.14)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 1, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.InterferometerUnitary(
np.eye(4), wires=[1, 3]), 3, "InterferometerUnitary(M0)"),
(qml.CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1,
wires=[1]), 1, "CatState(3.14, 2.14, 1)"),
(qml.CoherentState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "CoherentState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
1,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.FockDensityMatrix(np.kron(np.eye(4), np.eye(4)),
wires=[1, 2]),
2,
"FockDensityMatrix(M0)",
),
(
qml.DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14, wires=[1]),
1,
"DisplacedSqueezedState(3.14, 2.14, 1.14, 0.14)",
),
(qml.FockState(7, wires=[1]), 1, "|7>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 1, "|4>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 2, "|5>"),
(qml.FockStateVector(np.array([4, 5, 7]), wires=[1, 2, 3
]), 3, "|7>"),
(qml.SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14,
wires=[1]), 1, "SqueezedState(3.14, 2.14)"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 1, "H0"),
(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]), 2, "H0"),
(qml.X(wires=[1]), 1, "x"),
(qml.P(wires=[1]), 1, "p"),
(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3]), 1, "|4,5,7X4,5,7|"),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1]),
2,
"1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1]),
1,
"1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0",
),
(
qml.PolyXP(
np.array([
[1.2, 2.3, 4.5, 0, 0],
[-1.2, 1.2, -1.5, 0, 0],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3, 0, 0],
[0, 2.6, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -4.7, 0],
]),
wires=[1],
),
1,
"1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0+2.6x_0x_1-4.7x_1p_1",
),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.QuadOperator(3.14, wires=[1]), 1, "cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p"),
(qml.PauliX(wires=[1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 1, "X^-1"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 0, "C"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1]).inv(), 2, "C"),
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 0,
"basis"), # not providing an observable in
(qml.measure.sample(wires=[0, 1]), 1,
"basis"), # sample gets displayed as raw
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 0, "QuantumTape:T0"),
(two_wire_quantum_tape(), 1, "QuantumTape:T0"),
],
)
def test_operator_representation_ascii(self, ascii_representation_resolver,
op, wire, target):
"""Test that an Operator instance is properly resolved."""
assert ascii_representation_resolver.operator_representation(
op, wire) == target
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"obs,wire,target",
[
(qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨X⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨Y⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨Z⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨H⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "⟨H0⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "⟨H0⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨n⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨x⟩"),
(qml.expval(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "⟨p⟩"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7|⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"⟨1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"⟨1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀⟩",
),
(qml.expval(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "⟨cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p⟩"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[X]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Y]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Z]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[H]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[n]"),
(qml.var(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[x]"),
(qml.var(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[p]"),
(
qml.var(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Var[|4,5,7╳4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.var(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1])),
2,
"Var[1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁]",
),
(
qml.var(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Var[1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀]",
),
(qml.var(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Var[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[X]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Y]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Z]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[H]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 1, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 2, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[n]"),
(qml.sample(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[x]"),
(qml.sample(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[p]"),
(
qml.sample(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Sample[|4,5,7╳4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.sample(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"Sample[1+2x₀-1.3x₁+6p₁]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Sample[1.2+1.1x₀+3.2p₀+1.2x₀²+2.3p₀²+3x₀p₀]",
),
(qml.sample(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PauliX(wires=[1]) @ qml.PauliY(wires=[2])
@ qml.PauliZ(wires=[3])),
1,
"⟨X ⊗ Y ⊗ Z⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
1,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
2,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
3,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
4,
"⟨|4,5,7╳4,5,7| ⊗ x⟩",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 ⊗ H0]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
2 * np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 ⊗ H1]",
),
(qml.probs([0]), 0, "Probs"),
(state(), 0, "State"),
],
)
def test_output_representation_unicode(self,
unicode_representation_resolver,
obs, wire, target):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, wire) == target
def test_fallback_output_representation_unicode(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
obs = qml.PauliZ(0)
obs.return_type = "TestReturnType"
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, 0) == "TestReturnType[Z]"
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"obs,wire,target",
[
(qml.expval(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "<X>"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "<Y>"),
(qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "<Z>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "<H>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "<H0>"),
(qml.expval(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "<H0>"),
(qml.expval(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "<n>"),
(qml.expval(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "<x>"),
(qml.expval(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "<p>"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7|>",
),
(
qml.expval(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"<1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"<1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0>",
),
(qml.expval(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "<cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p>"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[X]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Y]"),
(qml.var(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[Z]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[H]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 1, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2])), 2, "Var[H0]"),
(qml.var(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[n]"),
(qml.var(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[x]"),
(qml.var(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Var[p]"),
(
qml.var(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Var[|4,5,7X4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.var(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1])),
2,
"Var[1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1]",
),
(
qml.var(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Var[1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0]",
),
(qml.var(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Var[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliX(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[X]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliY(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Y]"),
(qml.sample(qml.PauliZ(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[Z]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hadamard(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[H]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 1, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2
])), 2, "Sample[H0]"),
(qml.sample(qml.NumberOperator(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[n]"),
(qml.sample(qml.X(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[x]"),
(qml.sample(qml.P(wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[p]"),
(
qml.sample(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])),
1,
"Sample[|4,5,7X4,5,7|]",
),
(
qml.sample(qml.PolyXP(np.array([1, 2, 0, -1.3, 6]), wires=[1
])),
2,
"Sample[1+2x_0-1.3x_1+6p_1]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.PolyXP(np.array([[1.2, 2.3, 4.5], [-1.2, 1.2, -1.5],
[-1.3, 4.5, 2.3]]),
wires=[1])),
1,
"Sample[1.2+1.1x_0+3.2p_0+1.2x_0^2+2.3p_0^2+3x_0p_0]",
),
(qml.sample(qml.QuadOperator(
3.14, wires=[1])), 1, "Sample[cos(3.14)x+sin(3.14)p]"),
(
qml.expval(
qml.PauliX(wires=[1]) @ qml.PauliY(wires=[2])
@ qml.PauliZ(wires=[3])),
1,
"<X @ Y @ Z>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
1,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
2,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
3,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.expval(
qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([4, 5, 7]),
wires=[1, 2, 3])
@ qml.X(wires=[4])),
4,
"<|4,5,7X4,5,7| @ x>",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 @ H0]",
),
(
qml.sample(
qml.Hermitian(np.eye(4), wires=[1, 2]) @ qml.Hermitian(
2 * np.eye(4), wires=[0, 3])),
0,
"Sample[H0 @ H1]",
),
(qml.probs([0]), 0, "Probs"),
(state(), 0, "State"),
],
)
def test_output_representation_ascii(self, ascii_representation_resolver,
obs, wire, target):
"""Test that an Observable instance with return type is properly resolved."""
assert ascii_representation_resolver.output_representation(
obs, wire) == target
def test_element_representation_none(self,
unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation properly handles None."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(None,
0) == ""
def test_element_representation_str(self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation properly handles strings."""
assert unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(
"Test", 0) == "Test"
def test_element_representation_calls_output(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation calls output_representation for returned observables."""
unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation = Mock()
obs = qml.sample(qml.PauliX(3))
wire = 3
unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(obs, wire)
assert unicode_representation_resolver.output_representation.call_args[
0] == (obs, wire)
def test_element_representation_calls_operator(
self, unicode_representation_resolver):
"""Test that element_representation calls operator_representation for all operators that are not returned."""
unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation = Mock()
op = qml.PauliX(3)
wire = 3
unicode_representation_resolver.element_representation(op, wire)
assert unicode_representation_resolver.operator_representation.call_args[
0] == (op, wire)
wires=target_wire).inv()
for op in tape.operations:
op.queue()
return qml.state()
assert np.allclose(f(), rnd_state)
spy.assert_called()
label_data = [
(qml.Hadamard(0), "H", "H"),
(qml.PauliX(0), "X", "X"),
(qml.PauliY(0), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.PauliZ(0), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.S(wires=0), "S", "S⁻¹"),
(qml.T(wires=0), "T", "T⁻¹"),
(qml.SX(wires=0), "SX", "SX⁻¹"),
(qml.CNOT(wires=(0, 1)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.CZ(wires=(0, 1)), "Z", "Z"),
(qml.CY(wires=(0, 1)), "Y", "Y"),
(qml.SWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SWAP", "SWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.ISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "ISWAP", "ISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SISWAP(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.SQISW(wires=(0, 1)), "SISWAP", "SISWAP⁻¹"),
(qml.CSWAP(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "SWAP", "SWAP"),
(qml.Toffoli(wires=(0, 1, 2)), "⊕", "⊕"),
(qml.MultiControlledX(control_wires=(0, 1, 2), wires=(3)), "⊕", "⊕"),
]
@pytest.mark.parametrize("op, label1, label2", label_data)
