def _test_breadth_first_search_parallel(ds):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")

        V1 = GraphNode(0)
        V2 = GraphNode(1)
        V3 = GraphNode(2)
        V4 = GraphNode(3)
        V5 = GraphNode(4)
        V6 = GraphNode(5)
        V7 = GraphNode(6)
        V8 = GraphNode(7)

        G1 = Graph(V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8)

        edges = [(V1.name, V2.name), (V1.name, V3.name), (V1.name, V4.name),
                 (V2.name, V5.name), (V2.name, V6.name), (V3.name, V6.name),
                 (V3.name, V7.name), (V4.name, V7.name), (V4.name, V8.name)]

        for edge in edges:
            G1.add_edge(*edge)

        parent = {}

        def bfs_tree(curr_node, next_node, parent):
            if next_node != "":
                parent[next_node] = curr_node
            return True

        breadth_first_search_parallel(G1, V1.name, 5, bfs_tree, parent)
        assert (parent[V2.name] == V1.name and parent[V3.name] == V1.name
                and parent[V4.name] == V1.name and parent[V5.name] == V2.name
                and (parent[V6.name] in (V2.name, V3.name))
                and (parent[V7.name] in (V3.name, V4.name))
                and (parent[V8.name] == V4.name))
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    def _test_breadth_first_search(ds):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")

        V1 = GraphNode(0)
        V2 = GraphNode(1)
        V3 = GraphNode(2)

        G1 = Graph(V1, V2, V3)

        edges = [(V1.name, V2.name), (V2.name, V3.name), (V1.name, V3.name)]

        for edge in edges:
            G1.add_edge(*edge)

        parent = dict()

        def bfs_tree(curr_node, next_node, parent):
            if next_node != "":
                parent[next_node] = curr_node
            return True

        breadth_first_search(G1, V1.name, bfs_tree, parent)
        assert (parent[V3.name] == V1.name and parent[V2.name] == V1.name) or \
            (parent[V3.name] == V2.name and parent[V2.name] == V1.name)

        V4 = GraphNode(0)
        V5 = GraphNode(1)
        V6 = GraphNode(2)
        V7 = GraphNode(3)
        V8 = GraphNode(4)

        edges = [(V4.name, V5.name), (V5.name, V6.name), (V6.name, V7.name),
                 (V6.name, V4.name), (V7.name, V8.name)]

        G2 = Graph(V4, V5, V6, V7, V8)

        for edge in edges:
            G2.add_edge(*edge)

        path = []

        def path_finder(curr_node, next_node, dest_node, parent, path):
            if next_node != "":
                parent[next_node] = curr_node
            if curr_node == dest_node:
                node = curr_node
                path.append(node)
                while node is not None:
                    if parent.get(node, None) is not None:
                        path.append(parent[node])
                    node = parent.get(node, None)
                path.reverse()
                return False
            return True

        parent.clear()
        breadth_first_search(G2, V4.name, path_finder, V7.name, parent, path)
        assert path == [V4.name, V5.name, V6.name, V7.name]
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    def _test_random_walk(ds):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")

        V1 = GraphNode(0)
        V2 = GraphNode(1)
        V3 = GraphNode(2)
        V4 = GraphNode(3)
        V5 = GraphNode(4)
        V6 = GraphNode(5)
        V7 = GraphNode(6)
        V8 = GraphNode(7)
        
        G = Graph(V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8)

        edges = [
            (V1.name, V2.name),
            (V1.name, V3.name),
            (V1.name, V4.name),
            (V2.name, V5.name),
            (V2.name, V6.name),
            (V3.name, V6.name),
            (V3.name, V7.name),
            (V4.name, V7.name),
            (V4.name, V8.name)
        ]

        for edge in edges:
            G1.add_edge(*edge)

        random_walk = random_walk(G, V1, 3)

        assert random_walk == [3]
    def _test_shortest_paths_negative_edges(ds, algorithm):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
        vertices = [
            GraphNode('s'),
            GraphNode('a'),
            GraphNode('b'),
            GraphNode('c'),
            GraphNode('d')
        ]

        graph = Graph(*vertices)
        graph.add_edge('s', 'a', 3)
        graph.add_edge('s', 'b', 2)
        graph.add_edge('a', 'c', 1)
        graph.add_edge('b', 'd', 1)
        graph.add_edge('b', 'a', -2)
        graph.add_edge('c', 'd', 1)
        dist, pred = shortest_paths(graph, algorithm, 's')
        assert dist == {'s': 0, 'a': 0, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, 'd': 2}
        assert pred == {'s': None, 'a': 'b', 'b': 's', 'c': 'a', 'd': 'c'}
        dist, pred = shortest_paths(graph, algorithm, 's', 'd')
        assert dist == 2
        assert pred == {'s': None, 'a': 'b', 'b': 's', 'c': 'a', 'd': 'c'}
 def _test_minimum_spanning_tree(func, ds, algorithm, *args):
     import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
     GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
     a, b, c, d, e = [GraphNode(x) for x in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]
     graph = Graph(a, b, c, d, e)
     graph.add_edge(a.name, c.name, 10)
     graph.add_edge(c.name, a.name, 10)
     graph.add_edge(a.name, d.name, 7)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, a.name, 7)
     graph.add_edge(c.name, d.name, 9)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, c.name, 9)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, b.name, 32)
     graph.add_edge(b.name, d.name, 32)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, e.name, 23)
     graph.add_edge(e.name, d.name, 23)
     mst = func(graph, algorithm, *args)
     expected_mst = [('0_3', 7), ('2_3', 9), ('3_4', 23), ('3_1', 32),
                     ('3_0', 7), ('3_2', 9), ('4_3', 23), ('1_3', 32)]
     assert len(expected_mst) == len(mst.edge_weights.items())
     for k, v in mst.edge_weights.items():
         assert (k, v.value) in expected_mst
    def _test_topological_sort(func, ds, algorithm, threads=None):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
        vertices = [
            GraphNode('2'),
            GraphNode('3'),
            GraphNode('5'),
            GraphNode('7'),
            GraphNode('8'),
            GraphNode('10'),
            GraphNode('11'),
            GraphNode('9')
        ]

        graph = Graph(*vertices)
        graph.add_edge('5', '11')
        graph.add_edge('7', '11')
        graph.add_edge('7', '8')
        graph.add_edge('3', '8')
        graph.add_edge('3', '10')
        graph.add_edge('11', '2')
        graph.add_edge('11', '9')
        graph.add_edge('11', '10')
        graph.add_edge('8', '9')
        if threads is not None:
            l = func(graph, algorithm, threads)
        else:
            l = func(graph, algorithm)
        assert all([(l1 in l[0:3]) for l1 in ('3', '5', '7')] +
                   [(l2 in l[3:5])
                    for l2 in ('8', '11')] + [(l3 in l[5:])
                                              for l3 in ('10', '9', '2')])
    def _test_shortest_paths(ds, algorithm):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
        vertices = [
            GraphNode('S'),
            GraphNode('C'),
            GraphNode('SLC'),
            GraphNode('SF'),
            GraphNode('D')
        ]

        graph = Graph(*vertices)
        graph.add_edge('S', 'SLC', 2)
        graph.add_edge('C', 'S', 4)
        graph.add_edge('C', 'D', 2)
        graph.add_edge('SLC', 'C', 2)
        graph.add_edge('SLC', 'D', 3)
        graph.add_edge('SF', 'SLC', 2)
        graph.add_edge('SF', 'S', 2)
        graph.add_edge('D', 'SF', 3)
        dist, pred = shortest_paths(graph, algorithm, 'SLC')
        assert dist == {'S': 6, 'C': 2, 'SLC': 0, 'SF': 6, 'D': 3}
        assert pred == {
            'S': 'C',
            'C': 'SLC',
            'SLC': None,
            'SF': 'D',
            'D': 'SLC'
        }
        dist, pred = shortest_paths(graph, algorithm, 'SLC', 'SF')
        assert dist == 6
        assert pred == {
            'S': 'C',
            'C': 'SLC',
            'SLC': None,
            'SF': 'D',
            'D': 'SLC'
        }
        graph.remove_edge('SLC', 'D')
        graph.add_edge('D', 'SLC', -10)
        assert raises(ValueError,
                      lambda: shortest_paths(graph, 'bellman_ford', 'SLC'))
 def _test_strongly_connected_components(func, ds, algorithm, *args):
     import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
     GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
     a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h = \
     [GraphNode(chr(x)) for x in range(ord('a'), ord('h') + 1)]
     graph = Graph(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h)
     graph.add_edge(a.name, b.name)
     graph.add_edge(b.name, c.name)
     graph.add_edge(b.name, f.name)
     graph.add_edge(b.name, e.name)
     graph.add_edge(c.name, d.name)
     graph.add_edge(c.name, g.name)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, h.name)
     graph.add_edge(d.name, c.name)
     graph.add_edge(e.name, f.name)
     graph.add_edge(e.name, a.name)
     graph.add_edge(f.name, g.name)
     graph.add_edge(g.name, f.name)
     graph.add_edge(h.name, d.name)
     graph.add_edge(h.name, g.name)
     comps = func(graph, algorithm)
     expected_comps = [{'e', 'a', 'b'}, {'d', 'c', 'h'}, {'g', 'f'}]
     assert comps == expected_comps
    def _test_shortest_paths_negative_edges(ds, algorithm):
        import pydatastructs.utils.misc_util as utils
        GraphNode = getattr(utils, "Adjacency" + ds + "GraphNode")
        vertices = [
            GraphNode('1'),
            GraphNode('2'),
            GraphNode('3'),
            GraphNode('4')
        ]

        graph = Graph(*vertices)
        graph.add_edge('1', '3', -2)
        graph.add_edge('2', '1', 4)
        graph.add_edge('2', '3', 3)
        graph.add_edge('3', '4', 2)
        graph.add_edge('4', '2', -1)
        dist, next_v = shortest_paths(graph, algorithm, 's')
        assert dist == {
            '1': {
                '3': -2,
                '1': 0,
                '4': 0,
                '2': -1
            },
            '2': {
                '1': 4,
                '3': 2,
                '2': 0,
                '4': 4
            },
            '3': {
                '4': 2,
                '3': 0,
                '1': 5,
                '2': 1
            },
            '4': {
                '2': -1,
                '4': 0,
                '1': 3,
                '3': 1
            }
        }
        assert next_v == {
            '1': {
                '3': '1',
                '1': '1',
                '4': None,
                '2': None
            },
            '2': {
                '1': '2',
                '3': None,
                '2': '2',
                '4': None
            },
            '3': {
                '4': '3',
                '3': '3',
                '1': None,
                '2': None
            },
            '4': {
                '2': '4',
                '4': '4',
                '1': None,
                '3': None
            }
        }