def meanOf(points, datum=Datums.WGS84, height=None, LatLon=LatLon):
'''Compute the geographic mean of several points.
@param points: Points to be averaged (L{LatLon}[]).
@keyword datum: Optional datum to use (L{Datum}).
@keyword height: Optional height at mean point, overriding
the mean height (C{meter}).
@keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return the mean
point (L{LatLon}) or C{None}.
@return: Geographic mean point and mean height (B{C{LatLon}})
or a L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)} if
B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}.
@raise ValueError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}.
'''
_, points = _Nvll.points2(points, closed=False)
# geographic mean
m = sumOf(p.toNvector() for p in points)
a, b, h = m.to3llh()
if height is not None:
h = height
r = LatLon3Tuple(a, b, h) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(a, b, height=h, datum=datum)
return _xnamed(r, meanOf.__name__)
def meanOf(points, height=None, LatLon=LatLon):
'''Compute the geographic mean of several points.
@param points: Points to be averaged (L{LatLon}[]).
@keyword height: Optional height at mean point, overriding
the mean height (C{meter}).
@keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return the mean
point (L{LatLon}) or C{None}.
@return: Point at geographic mean and height (B{C{LatLon}}) or
a L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)} if
B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}.
@raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not L{LatLon}.
@raise ValueError: No B{C{points}}.
'''
# geographic mean
n, points = _Trll.points2(points, closed=False)
m = sumOf(points[i].toVector3d() for i in range(n))
a, b = m.to2ll()
if height is None:
h = fmean(points[i].height for i in range(n))
else:
h = height
r = LatLon3Tuple(a, b, h) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(a, b, height=h)
return _xnamed(r, meanOf.__name__)
def toLatLon(self, LatLon=None, **LatLon_height_datum_kwds):
'''Return the geodetic C{(lat, lon, height[, datum])} coordinates.
@kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return C{(lat, lon, height[,
datum])} or C{None}.
@kwarg LatLon_height_datum_kwds: Optional B{C{LatLon}}, B{C{height}},
B{C{datum}} and other keyword arguments.
@return: An instance of C{LatLon}C{(lat, lon, **_height_datum_kwds)}
or if B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}, a L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon,
height)} respectively L{LatLon4Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height,
datum)} whether C{datum} is un-/available.
@raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{LatLon}} or B{C{LatLon_height_datum_kwds}}.
'''
kwds = _xkwds(LatLon_height_datum_kwds,
height=self.height,
datum=self.datum) # PYCHOK Ecef9Tuple
d = kwds['datum']
if LatLon is None:
r = LatLon3Tuple(self.lat, self.lon,
kwds['height']) # PYCHOK Ecef9Tuple
if d:
r = r.to4Tuple(d) # checks type(d)
else:
if d is None:
d = kwds.pop['datum']
r = LatLon(self.lat, self.lon, **kwds) # PYCHOK Ecef9Tuple
return self._xnamed(r)
def meanOf(points, datum=Datums.WGS84, height=None, LatLon=LatLon,
**LatLon_kwds):
'''Compute the geographic mean of several points.
@arg points: Points to be averaged (L{LatLon}[]).
@kwarg datum: Optional datum to use (L{Datum}).
@kwarg height: Optional height at mean point, overriding
the mean height (C{meter}).
@kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return the mean point
(L{LatLon}) or C{None}.
@kwarg LatLon_kwds: Optional, additional B{C{LatLon}}
keyword arguments, ignored if
B{C{LatLon=None}}.
@return: Geographic mean point and mean height (B{C{LatLon}})
or a L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)} if
B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}.
@raise ValueError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}.
'''
_, points = _Nvll.points2(points, closed=False)
# geographic mean
m = sumOf(p._N_vector for p in points)
lat, lon, h = m._N_vector.latlonheight
if height is not None:
h = height
if LatLon is None:
r = LatLon3Tuple(lat, lon, h)
else:
kwds = _xkwds(LatLon_kwds, height=h, datum=datum)
r = LatLon(lat, lon, **kwds)
return _xnamed(r, meanOf.__name__)
def _latlon3(lat, lon, height, func, LatLon, **LatLon_kwds):
'''(INTERNAL) Helper for L{intersection} and L{meanof}.
'''
if LatLon is None:
r = LatLon3Tuple(lat, lon, height)
else:
kwds = _xkwds(LatLon_kwds, height=height)
r = LatLon(lat, lon, **kwds)
return _xnamed(r, func.__name__)
def to3llh(self, height=None):
'''Convert this n-vector to (geodetic) lat-, longitude
in C{degrees} and height.
@keyword height: Optional height, overriding this
n-vector's height (C{meter}).
@return: A L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)}.
'''
r = self.toLatLon(height=height, LatLon=None)
r = LatLon3Tuple(r.lat, r.lon, r.height)
return self._xnamed(r)
def to3llh(self, datum=Datums.WGS84):
'''Convert this (geocentric) Cartesian (x/y/z) point to
(ellipsoidal, geodetic) lat-, longitude and height on
the given datum.
Uses B. R. Bowring’s formulation for μm precision in concise
form: U{'The accuracy of geodetic latitude and height equations'
<https://www.ResearchGate.net/publication/
233668213_The_Accuracy_of_Geodetic_Latitude_and_Height_Equations>},
Survey Review, Vol 28, 218, Oct 1985.
See also Ralph M. Toms U{'An Efficient Algorithm for Geocentric to
Geodetic Coordinate Conversion'<https://www.OSTI.gov/scitech/biblio/110235>},
Sept 1995 and U{'An Improved Algorithm for Geocentric to Geodetic Coordinate
Conversion'<https://www.OSTI.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/231228>},
Apr 1996, from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
@keyword datum: Optional datum to use (L{Datum}).
@return: A L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)}.
'''
E = datum.ellipsoid
x, y, z = self.to3xyz()
p = hypot(x, y) # distance from minor axis
r = hypot(p, z) # polar radius
if min(p, r) > EPS:
# parametric latitude (Bowring eqn 17, replaced)
t = (E.b * z) / (E.a * p) * (1 + E.e22 * E.b / r)
c = 1 / hypot1(t)
s = t * c
# geodetic latitude (Bowring eqn 18)
a = atan2(z + E.e22 * E.b * s**3, p - E.e2 * E.a * c**3)
b = atan2(y, x) # ... and longitude
# height above ellipsoid (Bowring eqn 7)
sa, ca = sincos2(a)
# r = E.a / E.e2s(sa) # length of normal terminated by minor axis
# h = p * ca + z * sa - (E.a * E.a / r)
h = fsum_(p * ca, z * sa, -E.a * E.e2s(sa))
a, b = degrees90(a), degrees180(b)
# see <https://GIS.StackExchange.com/questions/28446>
elif p > EPS: # latitude arbitrarily zero
a, b, h = 0.0, degrees180(atan2(y, x)), p - E.a
else: # polar latitude, longitude arbitrarily zero
a, b, h = copysign(90.0, z), 0.0, abs(z) - E.b
return self._xnamed(LatLon3Tuple(a, b, h))
def _3llh_(strllh, height, sep):
ll = strllh.strip().split(sep)
if len(ll) > 2: # XXX interpret height unit
h = float(ll.pop(2).strip().rstrip(_LETTERS).rstrip())
else:
h = height # None from wgrs.Georef.__new__
if len(ll) != 2:
raise ValueError
a, b = [_.strip() for _ in ll] # PYCHOK false
if a[-1:] in _EW_ or b[-1:] in _NS_:
a, b = b, a
return LatLon3Tuple(parseDMS(a, suffix=_NS_, clip=clipLat),
parseDMS(b, suffix=_EW_, clip=clipLon), h)
def nearestOn3(point,
points,
closed=False,
radius=R_M,
LatLon=LatLon,
**options):
'''Locate the point on a polygon closest to an other, reference point.
Distances are approximated by function L{equirectangular_},
subject to the supplied B{C{options}}.
@arg point: The other, reference point (L{LatLon}).
@arg points: The polygon points (L{LatLon}[]).
@kwarg closed: Optionally, close the polygon (C{bool}).
@kwarg radius: Mean earth radius (C{meter}).
@kwarg LatLon: Optional class to return the closest point
(L{LatLon}) or C{None}.
@kwarg options: Optional keyword arguments for function
L{equirectangular_}.
@return: A L{NearestOn3Tuple}C{(closest, distance, angle)} with the
C{closest} point as B{L{LatLon}} or L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat,
lon, height)} if B{C{LatLon}} is C{None}. The C{distance}
is the L{equirectangular_} distance between the C{closest}
and the given B{C{point}} in C{meter}, same units as
B{C{radius}}. The C{angle} from the given B{C{point}}
to the C{closest} is in compass C{degrees360}, like function
L{compassAngle}. The C{height} is the (interpolated) height
at the C{closest} point.
@raise LimitError: Lat- and/or longitudinal delta exceeds the
B{C{limit}}, see function L{equirectangular_}.
@raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}.
@raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.
@raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{radius}}.
@see: Functions L{equirectangular_} and L{nearestOn5}.
'''
lat, lon, d, c, h = _nearestOn5(point,
points,
closed=closed,
LatLon=None,
**options)
r = LatLon3Tuple(lat, lon, h) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(lat, lon, height=h)
r = NearestOn3Tuple(r, degrees2m(d, radius=radius), c)
return _xnamed(r, nearestOn3.__name__)
def parse3llh(strll, height=0, sep=',', clipLat=90, clipLon=180):
'''Parse a string representing lat-, longitude and height point.
The lat- and longitude value must be separated by a separator
character. If height is present it must follow, separated by
another separator.
The lat- and longitude values may be swapped, provided at least
one ends with the proper compass point.
@param strll: Latitude, longitude[, height] (C{str}, ...).
@keyword height: Optional, default height (C{meter}).
@keyword sep: Optional separator (C{str}).
@keyword clipLat: Keep latitude in B{C{-clipLat..+clipLat}} (C{degrees}).
@keyword clipLon: Keep longitude in B{C{-clipLon..+clipLon}} range (C{degrees}).
@return: A L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)} in
C{degrees}, C{degrees} and C{float}.
@raise RangeError: Lat- or longitude value of B{C{strll}} outside
valid range and L{rangerrors} set to C{True}.
@raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{strll}}.
@see: Functions L{parseDMS} and L{parseDMS2} for more details
on the forms and symbols accepted.
@example:
>>> parse3llh('000°00′05.31″W, 51° 28′ 40.12″ N')
(51.4778°N, 000.0015°W, 0)
'''
try:
ll = strll.strip().split(sep)
if len(ll) > 2: # XXX interpret height unit
h = float(ll.pop(2).strip().rstrip(_LETTERS).rstrip())
else:
h = height
if len(ll) != 2:
raise ValueError
except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
return ValueError('parsing %r failed' % (strll, ))
a, b = [_.strip() for _ in ll]
if a[-1:] in 'EW' or b[-1:] in 'NS':
a, b = b, a
a, b = parseDMS2(a, b, clipLat=clipLat,
clipLon=clipLon) # PYCHOK LatLon2Tuple
return LatLon3Tuple(a, b, h)
def toLatLon(self, LatLon=None):
'''Return the geodetic C{(lat, lon, height[, datum])} coordinates.
@keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return C{(lat, lon,
height[, datum])} or C{None}.
@return: An instance of C{LatLon}C{(lat, lon, height[, datum])} if
B{C{LatLon}} is not C{None} or a L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon,
height)} or a L{LatLon4Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height, datum)}
if C{datum} is unavailable respectively available.
'''
lat, lon = self.lat, self.lon # PYCHOK expected
h, d = self.height, self.datum # PYCHOK expected
if d is None:
r = LatLon3Tuple(lat, lon, h) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(lat, lon, h)
elif isinstance(d, Datum):
r = LatLon4Tuple(lat, lon, h, d) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(lat, lon, height=h, datum=d)
else:
raise AssertionError('%r.%s: %r' % (self, 'datum', d))
return self._xnamed(r)
def intersection(start1, end1, start2, end2,
height=None, wrap=False, LatLon=LatLon):
'''Compute the intersection point of two paths both defined
by two points or a start point and bearing from North.
@param start1: Start point of the first path (L{LatLon}).
@param end1: End point ofthe first path (L{LatLon}) or
the initial bearing at the first start point
(compass C{degrees360}).
@param start2: Start point of the second path (L{LatLon}).
@param end2: End point of the second path (L{LatLon}) or
the initial bearing at the second start point
(compass C{degrees360}).
@keyword height: Optional height for the intersection point,
overriding the mean height (C{meter}).
@keyword wrap: Wrap and unroll longitudes (C{bool}).
@keyword LatLon: Optional (sub-)class to return the intersection
point (L{LatLon}) or C{None}.
@return: The intersection point (B{C{LatLon}}) or a
L{LatLon3Tuple}C{(lat, lon, height)} if B{C{LatLon}}
is C{None}. An alternate intersection point might
be the L{antipode} to the returned result.
@raise TypeError: A B{C{start}} or B{C{end}} point not L{LatLon}.
@raise ValueError: Intersection is ambiguous or infinite or
the paths are parallel, coincident or null.
@example:
>>> p = LatLon(51.8853, 0.2545)
>>> s = LatLon(49.0034, 2.5735)
>>> i = intersection(p, 108.547, s, 32.435) # '50.9078°N, 004.5084°E'
'''
_Trll.others(start1, name='start1')
_Trll.others(start2, name='start2')
hs = [start1.height, start2. height]
a1, b1 = start1.to2ab()
a2, b2 = start2.to2ab()
db, b2 = unrollPI(b1, b2, wrap=wrap)
r12 = haversine_(a2, a1, db)
if abs(r12) < EPS: # [nearly] coincident points
a, b = map1(degrees, favg(a1, a2), favg(b1, b2))
# see <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#Intersection>
elif isscalar(end1) and isscalar(end2): # both bearings
sa1, ca1, sa2, ca2, sr12, cr12 = sincos2(a1, a2, r12)
x1, x2 = (sr12 * ca1), (sr12 * ca2)
if abs(x1) < EPS or abs(x2) < EPS:
raise ValueError('intersection %s: %r vs %r' % ('parallel',
(start1, end1), (start2, end2)))
# handle domain error for equivalent longitudes,
# see also functions asin_safe and acos_safe at
# <https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#Math>
t1, t2 = map1(acos1, (sa2 - sa1 * cr12) / x1,
(sa1 - sa2 * cr12) / x2)
if sin(db) > 0:
t12, t21 = t1, PI2 - t2
else:
t12, t21 = PI2 - t1, t2
t13, t23 = map1(radiansPI2, end1, end2)
x1, x2 = map1(wrapPI, t13 - t12, # angle 2-1-3
t21 - t23) # angle 1-2-3
sx1, cx1, sx2, cx2 = sincos2(x1, x2)
if sx1 == 0 and sx2 == 0: # max(abs(sx1), abs(sx2)) < EPS
raise ValueError('intersection %s: %r vs %r' % ('infinite',
(start1, end1), (start2, end2)))
sx3 = sx1 * sx2
# if sx3 < 0:
# raise ValueError('intersection %s: %r vs %r' % ('ambiguous',
# (start1, end1), (start2, end2)))
x3 = acos1(cr12 * sx3 - cx2 * cx1)
r13 = atan2(sr12 * sx3, cx2 + cx1 * cos(x3))
a, b = _destination2(a1, b1, r13, t13)
# choose antipode for opposing bearings
if _xb(a1, b1, end1, a, b, wrap) < 0 or \
_xb(a2, b2, end2, a, b, wrap) < 0:
a, b = antipode(a, b)
else: # end point(s) or bearing(s)
x1, d1 = _x3d2(start1, end1, wrap, '1', hs)
x2, d2 = _x3d2(start2, end2, wrap, '2', hs)
x = x1.cross(x2)
if x.length < EPS: # [nearly] colinear or parallel paths
raise ValueError('intersection %s: %r vs %r' % ('colinear',
(start1, end1), (start2, end2)))
a, b = x.to2ll()
# choose intersection similar to sphericalNvector
d1 = _xdot(d1, a1, b1, a, b, wrap)
d2 = _xdot(d2, a2, b2, a, b, wrap)
if (d1 < 0 and d2 > 0) or (d1 > 0 and d2 < 0):
a, b = antipode(a, b)
h = fmean(hs) if height is None else height
r = LatLon3Tuple(a, b, h) if LatLon is None else \
LatLon(a, b, height=h)
return _xnamed(r, intersection.__name__)
def testNvectorBase(self, module, **kwds):
try:
Nvector = module.Nvector
c = Nvector.__name__
except AttributeError:
Nvector = module.NvectorBase
c = 'Vector4Tuple'
self.subtitle(module, Nvector.__name__)
v = Nvector(0.500, 0.500, 0.707, **kwds)
s = module.sumOf((v, v), h=0, name='sumOf')
self.test('sumOf', s.__class__.__name__, c)
p = v.toLatLon(LatLon=None)
c = v.toCartesian(Cartesian=None)
self.test('ecef.x, .y, .z', fstr(p[:3], prec=5), fstr(c[:3], prec=5))
self.test('ecef.lat, .lon', fstr(p[3:5], prec=6), fstr(c[3:5], prec=6))
self.test('ecef.height',
fstr(p.height, prec=6),
fstr(c.height, prec=6),
known=True)
if c.M is not None:
self.test('ecef.M', fstr(p.M, prec=9), fstr(c.M, prec=9))
if coverage:
from pygeodesy.named import LatLon2Tuple, LatLon3Tuple, \
PhiLam2Tuple, PhiLam3Tuple
self.test('.isEllipsoidal', v.isEllipsoidal, not v.isSpherical)
self.test('.isSpherical', v.isSpherical, not v.isEllipsoidal)
self.test('.latlon', v.latlon, LatLon2Tuple(v.lat, v.lon))
self.test('.philam', v.philam, PhiLam2Tuple(v.phi, v.lam))
self.test('.latlonheight', v.latlonheight,
LatLon3Tuple(v.lat, v.lon, float(v.h)))
self.test('.philamheight', v.philamheight,
PhiLam3Tuple(v.phi, v.lam, float(v.h)))
t = v.parse('0.5, 0.5, 0.707')
self.test('parse', t, v)
self.test('cmp', t.cmp(v), 0)
self.test('eq', t == v, True)
self.test('ge', t >= v, True)
self.test('gt', t > v, False)
self.test('le', t <= v, True)
self.test('lt', t < v, False)
self.test('ne', t != v, False)
m = t * 2
self.test('*', m, '(1.0, 1.0, 1.414)')
self.test('+', t + v, m)
self.test('/', m / 2, t)
self.test('-', m - t, t)
m = v.__matmul__(t)
self.test('@', m, '(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)')
r = t.__rmatmul__(m)
self.test('@', r, m)
r = v.rotate(m, 45)
self.test('rotate', r, '(0.26268, 0.26268, 0.37143)')
